TWI385152B - Pyridyl non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic-1-carboxylate derivatives (I) - Google Patents
Pyridyl non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic-1-carboxylate derivatives (I) Download PDFInfo
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- TWI385152B TWI385152B TW098121399A TW98121399A TWI385152B TW I385152 B TWI385152 B TW I385152B TW 098121399 A TW098121399 A TW 098121399A TW 98121399 A TW98121399 A TW 98121399A TW I385152 B TWI385152 B TW I385152B
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 17
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- 230000027939 micturition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940126585 therapeutic drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- PLCMZPFTMOAGOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-3-yl 4-(phenylcarbamoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)OC=2C=NC=CC=2)CCC1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 PLCMZPFTMOAGOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PDVYHQFSCHJBHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-3-yl 4-[4-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]phenoxy]piperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(COC=2C=CC(OC3CCN(CC3)C(=O)OC=3C=NC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 PDVYHQFSCHJBHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- YEHKVQOTZUICNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-[2-(3-carbamoylphenyl)ethyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCC1CCC1=CC=CC(C(N)=O)=C1 YEHKVQOTZUICNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPXZZVZXBBEVAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-[2-[1-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl]ethyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N2CCC(CCC3CCN(CC3)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC2)=N1 MPXZZVZXBBEVAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IKODJVKEPMGJMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-[3-[1-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl]propyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N2CCC(CCCC3CCN(CC3)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC2)=N1 IKODJVKEPMGJMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWQLFIKTGRINFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCC(O)CC1 PWQLFIKTGRINFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQCNHUCCQJMSRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl piperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCCCC1 RQCNHUCCQJMSRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
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- RNZHPMCFKOLRSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenyl(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)phosphanium;chloride;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=NC=C1 RNZHPMCFKOLRSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)OC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Description
本發明係關於一種藥品,特別是關於一種頻尿、尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑,其係吡啶基非芳香族含氮雜環-1-羧酸酯衍生物或其製藥學上可接受之鹽,且具有脂肪酸醯胺水解酶(以下為FAAH)阻礙活性者。此外,本發明亦有關於一種阻礙FAAH活性之物質的頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑的篩選方法,以及利用本發明之篩選方法獲得的物質,或是含有可阻礙脂肪酸醯胺水解酶活性之物質的頻尿與尿失禁治療用、膀胱過動症治療用及/或疼痛治療用藥學組成物。
已知脂肪酸醯胺水解酶(Fatty acid amide hydrolase;FAAH)係透過水解內生性大麻素使其活性消失(參照非專利文獻1-4)。所謂內生性大麻素(endocannabinoid)係指作用在大麻受體而發揮生理作用之活體內物質的總稱。已知代表性之內生性大麻素有極樂醯胺(anandamide)、棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺、油醯胺及2-花生四烯酸甘油,因FAAH受到水解而活性消失。此外,被認為是大麻(Marihuana)活性成分之Δ9-四氫大麻酚(Tetrahydrocannabinol)已知可使大麻受體活性化(參照非專利文獻5)。
迄今,已知哺乳動物具有2種大麻受體CB1及CB2。CB1係表現在中樞及末梢神經系統,透過其活性化,將引起精神作用及鎮痛作用等。CB2則表現在免疫系統組織中,透過其活性化,將引起抗炎症作用及鎮痛(炎症性)作用等。
另一方面,由於在大鼠膀胱炎樣本中,大麻受體作動藥將使膀胱容量及排尿閾值增大(非專利文獻6及非專利文獻7),以及,將大麻受體作動藥投藥予動物時可觀察到的幻覺、妄想、頻脈、站立性低血壓等副作用並未在投藥FAAH阻礙劑時觀察到(非專利文獻8),故而FAAH阻礙劑被期待用作頻尿與尿失禁治療藥、膀胱過動症治療藥及/或疼痛治療藥。
具有FAAH阻礙活性之化合物已知有可成為鎮痛劑、抗不安藥、抗癲癇藥、抗鬱劑、制吐劑、循環器官疾病治療劑或青光眼治療劑的化合物,即,[芳香環或苯基取代脂肪族烴胺甲酸C1-4烷基或多環芳香環酯衍生物(專利文獻1)及環己基胺甲酸苯基酯(專利文獻2)]。此外,已有記載:具有FAAH阻礙活性之化合物的二噁烷-2-烷基胺甲酸酯衍生物可作為所羅列多數疾病中之一態樣之尿失禁的治療藥(專利文獻3)。然而,專利文獻3並無證實頻尿與尿失禁治療藥及/或膀胱過動症治療效果的實驗成績,也未有相關暗示。另外,關於吡啶基非芳香族含氮雜環-1-羧酸酯,則已記載4-胺基吡啶基哌啶-1-羧酸酯可作為乙醯膽鹼酯脢(Acetylcholinesterase)阻礙劑(非專利文獻9),但並未記載到該化合物係FAAH阻害劑及頻尿與尿失禁治療藥及/或膀胱過動症治療藥。
【專利文獻1】國際公開手冊WO2003/065989號
【專利文獻2】國際公開手冊WO2004/033422號
【專利文獻3】特開2003-192659號
【非專利文獻1】「前列腺素、白三烯與必須脂肪酸(Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)」,(英國),2002年,第66卷、p.143-160。
【非專利文獻2】「英國藥理學雜誌(British Journal of Pharmacology)」,(英國),2004年,第141卷、p.253-262。
【非專利文獻3】「自然(Nature)」,(英國),1996年,第384卷,p.83-87。
【非專利文獻4】「生化藥理學(Biochemical Pharmacology)」,(美國),2001年,第62卷,p.517-526。
【非專利文獻5】「當代藥物化學(Current Medicinal Chemistry)」,(美國),1999年,第6卷,p.635-664。
【非專利文獻6】「神經學期刊(The Journal of Neuroscience)」,2002年,第22卷,p.7147-7153。
【非專利文獻7】「疼痛醫學雜誌(Pain)」,1998年,第76卷,p.189-199。
【非專利文獻8】「自然醫學(Nature Medicine)」,(英國),2003年,第9卷,p.76-81。
【非專利文獻9】「醫藥科學期刊(Journal of Pharmaceutical Science)」,1992年,第81卷,p380-385。
本發明之課題在於提供一種頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑,其不具(或是減輕)類大麻副作用及慣用性之疑慮。及,提供一種頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症及/或疼痛治療劑的篩選方法,該等治療劑係一阻礙FAAH活性之物質;以及提供一種頻尿與尿失禁治療用、膀胱過動症治療用及/或疼痛治療用藥學組成物,其係含有以本發明之篩選方法取得之物質或可阻礙脂肪酸醯胺水解酶活性之物質者。
本案發明人針對如何創製出具FAAH阻礙活性之化合物進行精心研討,結果發現一種新穎吡啶基含氮雜環-1-羧酸酯衍生物。
再者,本案發明人首次發現,對於環磷醯胺(Cyclophosphamide)所誘發之頻尿大鼠,若投藥予具FAAH阻礙活性之化合物,有效膀胱容量將增加;更由於具FAAH阻礙活性之化合物在疼痛樣本大鼠上顯示出優異的改善作用,而可提供一種透過選擇FAAH阻礙劑來提供頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑之篩選方法,終至於完成本發明。
意即,本發明係關於下述者:
[1]一種吡啶基非芳香族含氮雜環-1-羧酸酯衍生物及其製藥學上可接受之鹽,係以通式(I)表示者;
式(I)中之代號係表示下述意義:HET1
:5至7員非芳香族含氮雜環;R1
、R2
及R3
:係相同或相異,為:
(1)H、
(2)OH、
(3)可經酯化之羧基、
(4)氰基、
(5)低級烷基-CO-、
(6)側氧基(=O)、
(7)式[R101
-(O)m1]m2-[可經HO取代之ALK1
]-(O)n1-,m1及n1:相同或相異,為0或1,m2:為1至5,ALK1
:低級伸烷基、低級伸烯基或低級伸炔基,R101
:(i)H、(ii)(a)H2
N-、(b)鹵基、(c)氰基、(d)可經酯化之羧基、(e)基R1011a
R1012a
N-CO-、(f)HET2
、(g)可經鹵基、氰基、OH、低級烷基-O-或低級烷基取代之Ar1a
,Ar1a
:芳基、(h)低級烷基、(j)OH、(k)可經Ar1a
或鹵基-Ar1a
取代之低級烷基-O-、(1)可經鹵基、Ar1a
或HETAr1a
取代之HET2
-CO-,HET2
:含氮雜環,HETAr1a
:含氮雜芳基、可經(s)HET2
-CONR1011a
-、(t)H2
NCONH-及(u)可被酯化之羧基-ALK2a
所構成群組中之至少1個以上取代基取代的Ar1a
,ALK2a
:低級烷基或低級烯基,(iii)可經基R1011a
R1012a
N或Ar1a
取代之ALK2a
,R1011a
及R1012a
:相同或相異之(a)H、(b)cALK,cALK:環烷基、(c)可經鹵基、cALK、OH、低級烷基-O-或Ar1a
取代之ALK2a
或(d)可經鹵基取代之Ar1a
-SO2
-,(iv)可被選自於由(a)可經Ar1a
或鹵基-Ar1a
取代之ALK2a
、(b)Ar1a
、(c)可經低級烷基取代之HETAr1a
、(d)Ar1a
-CO-或鹵基-Ar1a
-CO-所構成群組中之1個以上取代基取代的HET2
,(v)可經ALK2a
取代之cALK,或(vi)可經酯化之羧基,(於此,m2為2至5時,[R101
-(O)ml)可相同或不同),
(8)基R102
-ALK1
-N(R103
)-CO-、R102
:(i)H,(ii)cALK,(iii)HETAr1a
,或(iv)可經選自於由(a)HO、(b)ALK2a
-O-、(c)cALK-ALK1
-O-、(d)cALK-Ar1a
-ALK1
-O-及(e)Ar1a
-ALK1
-O-所構成群組中之1個以上取代基取代的Ar1a
,R103
:(i)H,(ii)cALK,(iii)可被選自於由(a)HET2
、(b)Ar1a
及(c)鹵基-Ar1a
所構成群組中之1個以上取代基取代的ALK2a
,(iv)HETAr1a
,或(v)可被選自於由(a)cALK、(b)H2
N、(c)基R1011a
R1012a
N-CO-及(d)ALK2a
所構成群組中之至少1個取代基取代的Ar1a
-[CO]m1),
(9)基R104a
R105a
N-[CO]m1-ALK1
-,(R104a
及R105a
:相同或相異,為基R103
)
(10)基R106
-ALK3
-L1
-,R106
:(i)基R101
-(O)m1-,(ii)基R104a
R105a
N-,(iii)基ALK2a
-CONH-,或(iv)基Ar1a
-CONH-,ALK3
:低級烯基、低級伸烯基或環烯基,L1
:-C(=O)-或-SO2
-,
(11)可被Ar1a
取代之ALK2a
-CONH-,
(12)可被鹵基取代之Ar1a
,
(13)基[R107
-(O)m1]m2-Ar2
-(O)n1-,Ar2
:伸芳基,R107
:(i)H,(ii)鹵基,(iii)可被選自於由:(a)HO、(b)cALK、(c)HET2
、(d)可被鹵基、低級烷基、低級烷基-O-、基R1011a
R1012a
N-[CO]p-、氰基或可經酯化之羧基取代的Ar1a
、(e)可經酯化之羧基、(f)可經基R1011a
R1012a
N-[CO]p-取代之HET2
-[CO]p-以及(g)基R1011a
R1012a
N-[CO]p-所構成群組中之1個以上取代基取代的ALK2a
,p:0或1,(iv)基R1011a
R1012a
N-[CO]p-,或(v)基R1011a
R1012a
N-[CO]p-Ar1a
,再者,於此,m2為2至5時,[R107
-(O)m1]可相同或相異,基[R107
-(O)m1]m2更可表示亞甲基二氧基而形成環),
(14)基[R107
-(O)m1]m2-Ar2
-N(R103
)-CO-,(於此,m2為2至5時,[R107
-(O)m1]可相同或相異)
(15)基[R1011a
R1012a
N-[CO]m1]m2-Ar2
-(O)n1-,(於此,m2為2至5時,[R1011a
R1012a
N-[CO]m1]可相同或相異)
(16)基[R108
]m2-Ar2
-L2
-,R108
:(i)H,(ii)鹵基,(iii)HO,(iv)cALK-O-,(v)基R109
-ALK1
-(O)m1-,R109
:(a)H、(b)cALK、(c)可被選自於由(1’)鹵基、(2’)氰基、(3’)NO2
、(4’)可經鹵基取代之ALK2a
、(5’)HO、(6’)可經鹵基取代之ALK2a
-O-、(7’)可經酯化之羧基或(8’)基R104a
R105a
N所構成群組中之1個以上取代基取代的Ar1a
、(d)HETAr1a
或(e)基R104a
R105a
N-[CO]m1-),(vi)基R1013
R1014
N-,或R1013
、R1014
:相同或相異,為(i)H、(ii)ALK2a
、(iii)cALK-ALK1
-或(iv)可被選自於由(1’)鹵基、(2’)氰基、(3’)可經鹵基取代之ALK2a
、(4’)可經鹵基取代之ALK2a
-O-所構成群組中之1個以上取代基取代的Ar1a
-ALK1
-、(vii)可經低級烷基取代之HET2
-(O)m1-,L2
:-CO-或-S(O)q-,q:0、1或2,此外,m2為2至5時,[R108
]可相同或相異;
(17)基[R101
]m2-Ar2
-CONH-,(於此,m2為2至5時,[R101
)可相同或相異)
(18)基[R111
]m2-HETAr2
-(O)m1-,R111
:(i)H、(ii)鹵基、(iii)側氧基(=O)、或(iv)基R103a
-(O)n1-,R103a
:(i)H,(ii)cALK,(iii)可被(a)HET2
或選自於由(b)Ar1a
、(c)cALK及(d)鹵基-Ar1a
所構成群組中之1個以上取代基取代之ALK2a
,(iv)HETAr1a
,或(v)可被選自於由(a)cALK、(b)H2
N及(c)基R1011a
R1012a
N-CO-所構成群組中之1個以上取代基取代的Ar1a
,HETAr2
:含氮雜伸芳基,再者,於此,m2為2至5時,[R111
]可相同或相異);
(19)式[R112
]m2-HETAr2
-N(R103
)-CO-,R112
:(i)H,(ii)cALK,(iii)ALK2a
,或(iv)可被選自於由(a)鹵基、(b)HO、(c)ALK2a
-O-及(d)Ar1a
-ALK1
-O-所構成群組中之1個以上取代基取代的Ar1a
,再者,於此,m2為2至5時,[R112
]可相同或相異),
(20)式[R108
]m2-HETAr2
-L2
-,(於此,m2為2至5時,[R108
)可相同或相異],
但,R1
、R2
及R3
中之任一基為基[R111
]m2-HETAr2
-(O)m1-且m1為0時,殘餘之R1
、R2
及R3
之基為H,R4
、R5
、R6
及R7
:相同或相異,為
(1)H,
(2)鹵基,
(3)可被酯化之羧基,
(4)HO,
(5)基R113
-ALK4
-(O)m3-、ALK4
:低級炔基、低級伸烯基或低級伸炔基,m3:0或1,R113
:(i)H,(ii)HO,(iii)可被可經酯化之羧基取代的低級烷基-O-,(iv)可經酯化之羧基,(v)低級烷基-CO-O-,或(vi)基R104b
R105b
N-[CO]m3-(R104b
及R105b
:相同或相異,為基R103
,
(6)R114
R115
N(R114
及R115
:相同或相異,為(i)H或(ii)可經基R104b
R105b
N取代之ALK2b
,ALK2b
:低級烷基或低級烯基,
(7)基R116
-(ALK4
)n2-N(R117
)-CO-,n2:0或1,R116
:(i)H,(ii)HO,(iii)低級烷基-O-,(iv)可經酯化之羧基,(v)基R104b
R105b
N-[CO]m3-、(vi)(a)HO或(b)可經ALK2b
-O-取代之Ar1b
,Ar1b
:芳基,(vii)可被基R104b
R105b
N-[CO]m3-或可經酯化之羧基取代的HET3
,HET3
:含氮雜環,(viii)可被基R104b
R105b
N-[CO]m3-取代之Ar1b
,或(ix)SO3
H,R117
:(i)H,或(ii)可被Ar1b
取代之ALK2b
,
(8)可被選自於由可經酯化之羧基及基R1011b
R1012b
N-[(CO)]m3-所構成群組中之1個以上取代基取代之Ar1b
,R1011b
及R1012b
:相同或相異,為(i)H,(ii)cALK,(iii)可經鹵基、cALK、OH、低級烷基-O-或Ar1b
取代之ALK2b
,或(iv)可經鹵素取代之Ar1b
-SO2
-,
(9)可被一可經酯化之羧基取代的HET3
,
(10)可被選自於由ALK2b
及基R104b
R105b
N-[CO]m3-所構成群組中之1個以上取代基取代的HET3
-CO-,或
(11)氰基;但該化合物為4-胺基吡啶-3-基哌啶-1-羧酸酯時除外,下述者亦同;[2]如[1]之化合物,其係以通式(II)表示者;
式(II)中,R1
~R7
與申請專利範圍第1項記述者意義相同,T表示CH2
、NH、NHCH2
或O;於此,亦包含以R1
~R3
取代T之氫的情況,下述者亦同。
[3]如[2]之化合物,其中R1
~R3
係相同或相異,為:可經基[R101
-(O)m1]m2-[HO取代之ALK1
]-(O)n1-、基R102
-ALK1
-N(R103
)-CO-、基R106
-ALK3
-L1
-、基[R107
-(O)m1]m2-Ar2
-(O)n1-、基[R107
-(O)m1]m2-Ar2
-N(R103
)-CO-或基[R108
]m2-Ar2
-L2
-;
[4]一種吡啶基非芳香族含氮雜環-1-羧酸酯衍生物及其製藥學上可接受之鹽,係以通式(III)表示者;
式(III)中之代號表示下述意義:A環:苯環、環戊烷環、環己烷環、環庚烷環或5~7員含氮雜環;L:單鍵、低級伸烷基、低級伸烯基、-N(R15
)-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-N(R15
)-、-(低級伸烯基)-C(=O)-、-O-或-C(=O)-;R15
:H或低級烷基,X:CH或N,R8
~R10
:相同或相異,為選自下述G群之基、可經選自下述G群之相同或相異之基取代的芳基、可經選自下述G群之相同或相異之基取代的含氮雜芳基、R16
-(低級伸烷基)-O-、R16
-(低級伸烷基)-N(R15
)-或R17
R18
N-C(=O)-;R16
:可經選自下述G群之相同或相異之基取代的芳基、可經選自下述G群之相同或相異之基取代的含氮雜芳基、或3~8員環烷基;R17
及R18
:相同或相異,為H、低級烷基或3~8員環烷基,(R17
及R18
更可與所結合之N原子共同形成3~8員含氮雜環);G群:H、鹵基、-CN、-CF3
、低級烷基或-O-低級烷基;R11
:H、低級烷基或側氧基(=O);R12
~R14
:相同或相異,為H、低級烷基、-C(=O)-O-(低級烷基)、-CO2
H或-CONH2
;
[5]如[4]項之化合物,其中A環為苯環、環己烷環、哌啶環或哌環;
[6]如[5]項之化合物,其中R9
、R10
、R11
、R12
、R13
為H;
[7]一種吡啶基非芳香族含氮雜環-1-羧酸酯衍生物及其製藥學上可接受之鹽,係以通式(IV)表示者;
式(IV)中之代號表示下述意義:A1
環:苯環、哌啶環或哌環;L1
:低級伸烷基、低級伸烯基、-N(R15
)-C(=O)-或-O-;R15
:H或低級烷基;R19
:選自下述G群之基、可經選自下述G群之相同或相異之基取代的含氮雜芳基、R16
-(低級伸烷基)-O-或R17
R18
N-C(=O)-;R16
:可被選自下述G群之相同或相異之基取代的芳基、可被選自下述G群之相同或相異之基取代的含氮雜芳基,或3~8員環烷基;R17
及R18
:相同或相異,為H或低級烷基;(R17
、R18
更可與所結合之N原子共同形成5或6員含氮雜環);G群:H、鹵基、-CN、-CF3
、低級烷基或-O-低級烷基;R20
:H、-C(=O)-O-(低級烷基)、-CO2
H或-CONH2
;
[8]一種吡啶基非芳香族含氮雜環-1-羧酸酯衍生物及其製藥學上可接受之鹽,係以通式(V)表示者;
式(V)中之代號係表示下述意義:L2
:低級伸烷基、低級伸烯基或-(低級伸烯基)-C(=O)-;R21
:H、鹵基、-CN、-CF3
、低級烷基或-O-低級烷基;R22
:H、-C(=O)-O-(低級烷基)、-CO2
H或-CONH2
;
[9]如[1]之化合物,其係選自於由下述所構成之群組者:吡啶-3-基4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯、5-{[(4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-基)羰基]氧基}菸酸、5-({[4-(2-苯基乙基)哌啶-1-基]羰基}氧基)菸酸、5-[({4-[4-(2-環己基乙氧基)苯氧基]哌啶-1-基}羰基)氧基]菸酸、5-[({4-[(E
)-2-苯基乙烯基]哌啶-1-基}羰基)氧基]菸酸、5-{[(4-(3-[1-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)哌啶-4-基]丙基}哌啶-1-基)羰基]氧基}菸酸、5-(胺基羰基)吡啶-3-基4-{2-[3-(胺基羰基)苯基]乙基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯、5-(胺基羰基)吡啶-3-基4-(2-{3-[(二甲基胺基)羰基]苯基}乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯、5-(胺基羰基)吡啶-3-基4-{2-[3-(哌啶-1-基羰基)苯基]乙基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯、5-(胺基羰基)吡啶-3-基4-{2-[3-(吡咯啶-1-基羰基)苯基]乙基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯、吡啶-3-基4-[(2E
)-3-苯基丙-2-烯醯基]哌-1-羧酸酯、吡啶-3-基4-(苯胺基羰基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯、5-(胺基羰基)吡啶-3-基4-(2-苯基乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯、吡啶-3-基4-(2-苯基乙基)哌-1-羧酸酯、5-(甲氧基羰基)吡啶-3-基4-(2-苯基乙基)哌-1-羧酸酯、5-(胺基羰基)吡啶-3-基4-[2-(3-氟苯基)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯、5-(胺基羰基)吡啶-3-基4-[2-(3-氰基苯基)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯;[10]一種藥學組成物,係以[1]之化合物作有效成分者;[11]如[10]項之藥學組成物,其係一種FAAH阻礙劑;[12]如[10]項之藥學組成物,其係一種頻尿、尿失禁及/或膀胱過動症之治療藥;[13]如[10]之藥學組成物,其係一種疼痛之治療藥;[14]一種用途,係將[1]之化合物用於製造FAAH阻礙劑、頻尿、尿失禁及/或膀胱過動症之治療藥者。
[15]一種用途,係將[1]之化合物用於製造FAAH阻礙劑以及疼痛之治療藥者;
[16]一種頻尿、尿失禁及/或膀胱過動症之治療方法,係包含將治療有效量之[1]之化合物投藥予患者的過程者;
[17]一種疼痛之治療方法,係包含將治療有效量之[1]之化合物投藥予患者的過程者;
[18]一種篩選頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑之方法,包含以下程序:(1)使包含下述胺基酸序列且可水解基質之多肽與試驗物質接觸,且該等胺基酸序列為(a)序列編號2、序列編號4、序列編號6或序列編號8所示之胺基酸序列、(b)於序列編號2、序列編號4、序列編號6或序列編號8所示之胺基酸序列中缺損、取代及/或插入有1~10個胺基酸的胺基酸序列、(c)與序列編號2、序列編號4、序列編號6或序列編號8所示之胺基酸序列具有70%以上相同性之胺基酸序列、或是(d)與序列編號1、序列編號3、序列編號5或序列編號7所示多核苷酸或其互補序列於嚴苛條件下雜交之多核苷酸所編碼之胺基酸序列中,包含全部或至少去除包含膜貫通領域之胺基末端領域的胺基酸序列;(2)分析該多肽之活性變化;以及,(3)選擇可阻礙該多肽活性之物質;(於此,所謂與FAAH或機能性FAAH接觸之「基質」係指,僅需為可透過FAAH或機能性FAAH而被水解之內生性大麻素即可,可使用其中任一者。具體來說,可使用極樂醯胺、棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺、2-花生四烯酸甘油及油醯胺等作為基質。此外,可使用業經3
H或14
C等標識之該等基質,或使用經標識與未標識者之混合物。以下相同);[19]一種篩選頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑之方法,包含以下程序:(1)使包含下述胺基酸序列且可水解基質之多肽與試驗物質在該多肽之基質存在下接觸,且該等胺基酸序列為(a)序列編號2、序列編號4、序列編號6或序列編號8所示之胺基酸序列、(b)於序列編號2、序列編號4、序列編號6或序列編號8所示之胺基酸序列中缺損、取代及/或插入有1~10個胺基酸之胺基酸序列、(c)與序列編號2、序列編號4、序列編號6或序列編號8所示之胺基酸序列具有70%以上相同性之胺基酸序列、或(d)與序列編號1、序列編號3、序列編號5或序列編號7所示多核苷酸或其互補序列在嚴苛條件下雜交之多核苷酸所編碼之胺基酸序列中,包含全部或至少去除包含膜貫通領域之胺基末端領域的胺基酸序列;(2)測定該基質轉為水解產物之轉換量;以及,(3)選擇出阻礙該基質水解之物質;
[20]一種篩選頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑之方法,包含以下程序:(1)使表現有包含下述胺基酸序列且可水解基質之多肽的細胞或組織,或該細胞或者該組織的溶解液或破碎液與試驗物質在該多肽之基質存在下接觸,該等胺基酸序列為(a)序列編號2、序列編號4、序列編號6或序列編號8所示胺基酸序列、(b)於序列編號2、序列編號4、序列編號6或序列編號8所示胺基酸序列中缺損、取代、及/或插入有1~10個胺基酸之胺基酸序列、(c)與序列編號2、序列編號4、序列編號6或序列編號8所示胺基酸序列具有70%以上相同性之胺基酸序列、或(d)與序列編號1、序列編號3、序列編號5或序列編號7所示多核苷酸或其互補序列在嚴苛條件下雜交之多核苷酸所編碼之胺基酸序列中,包含全部或至少去除包含膜貫通領域之胺基末端領域的胺基酸序列;(2)測定該基質轉為水解產物之轉換量;以及,(3)選擇出阻礙該基質水解之物質;
[21]一種篩選頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑之方法,包含以下程序:(1)使試驗物質與脂肪酸醯胺水解酶接觸;(2)分析該酶活性之變化;及(3)選出阻礙該酶活性之物質。
舉例來說,在實施例438至實施例442之藥理試驗中,表64所示之代表性化合物具有優異的FAAH阻礙作用,實施例441所示之代表性化合物作為頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療藥甚為有用,以及實施例442所示之代表性化合物作為疼痛治療藥甚為有用,故而確認本發明化合物的效果。此外,本發明化合物在水溶液中之安定性甚高,具有作為藥品之優異性質。
專利文獻2之發明在鎮痛劑、抗不安藥、抗癲癇藥、抗憂鬱劑、制吐劑、循環器官疾病治療劑或青光眼治療劑上有用,與其相較下,本發明則是在與專利文獻2不同之頻尿與尿失禁治療劑及/或膀胱過動症治療劑上甚為有用。再者,本發明化合物因具有優異FAAH阻礙作用,作為(1)精神神經疾病(不安、憂鬱、癲癇等)、(2)腦傷害,神經變性疾病(頭部外傷、腦缺血、認知障礙(痴呆)等)、(3)免疫,炎症性疾病、(4)嘔吐、(5)攝食障礙、(6)過敏性腸症候群、潰瘍性大腸炎、(7)高血壓、(8)青光眼或(9)睡眠障礙之治療藥甚為有用。此外,也是一種不具(或減輕)類大麻副作用及慣用性之疑慮的化合物。
再者,透過本發明之篩選方法,可基於FAAH之活性控制,篩選出不具(或減輕)類大麻副作用及慣用性之疑慮的頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑。上述篩選方法所取得之物質及可阻礙FAAH活性之物質可製為有用之頻尿與尿失禁治療用、膀胱過動症治療用及/或疼痛治療用藥學組成物。
茲將本發明詳細說明如下。
以下就本發明化合物進行詳細說明。
本發明說明書之結構式定義中,只要沒有特別限制,「低級」此一用語係表示碳數為1~6個之直鏈或分枝狀之碳鏈。
所謂「低級烷基」,可例示如甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、戊基、異戊基、新戊基、第三戊基、己基及異己基等,較佳為甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基及第三丁基。
「低級烯基」係指至少具有1個雙鍵之脂肪族烴基,例如乙烯基、丙烯基、烯丙基、異丙烯基、1,3-丁二烯基、己烯基等。
「環烷基」係指碳數為3~14個之1~3環系脂肪族飽和烴環基,例如環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基、二環庚基、二環辛基、三環十二基、二環[2‧2‧1]庚基、二環[2‧2‧2]辛基等,且較佳為環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基。
「芳基」係指碳數為6~14個之1~3環系芳香族烴環基,且環烷基更可縮合於苯基上。舉例來說,可列舉如苯基、茚基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、氫茚基、四氫萘基等,且較佳為苯基及萘基。
「雜環」係指含有1~4個選自N、S及O之雜原子的4~16員單環、2環或3環飽和或不飽和環。該雜環基亦可具有交聯或螺形。不飽和環包含芳香族環(雜芳基)及非芳香族環。單環可列舉如氮雜環丁烷基、氧雜環丁烷基、吡咯啶基、1,3-二氧戊環基、吡唑啶基、哌基、哌啶基、哌基、嗎福啉基、硫代嗎福啉基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、噻唑基、唑基、吡啶基、吡基、嘧啶基、三唑基、噻二唑基、嗒基、噁二唑基及四唑基,雙環可列舉如吲哚基、異吲哚基、3,4-亞甲基二氧基苯基、3,4-伸乙基二氧基苯基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噻二唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并咪唑基、吲哚基、異吲哚基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氫喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氫異喹啉基、十氫異喹啉基、喏啉基等,3環可列舉如咔唑基、吖啶基、啡噻基等。交聯雜環基可列舉如奎寧環基、2,5-二氮雙環[2‧2‧1]庚基、8-氮雙環[3‧2‧1]辛基及7-氮雙環[2‧2‧1]庚基等。螺形雜環基可列舉如1,4-二噁-8-氮螺[4‧5]葵基等。
「含氮雜芳基」係指前述雜環基中具有1~4個氮原子之4員~10員芳香族1~2環系含氮雜芳基;可例舉如吡咯基、咪唑基、噻唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、四唑基、吡啶基、嗒基、嘧啶基、吡基、吲基、異吲基、苯并咪唑基、苯并吡唑基、喹啉基、異喹啉基及喏啉基等,較佳為咪唑基、噻唑基、吡啶基、苯并咪唑基及喹啉基。
「含氮飽和雜環基」係指前述雜環基中具有1~3個氮原子之3員~10員1或2環系含氮雜環烷基,可列舉如吖丙啶基、氮雜環丁烷基、吡咯啶基、哌啶基、哌基、嗎福啉基、六氫氮呯基、1,4-二氮呯基、1,4-噁氮呯基、奎寧環基、2,5-二氮雙環[2‧2‧1]庚基、氮雙環辛基(如氮雙環[3‧2‧1]辛基)、二氮雙環辛基、氮雙環壬基、氮雙環葵基、1,4-二噁-8-氮螺[4‧5]葵基等,較佳為吡咯啶基、哌啶基、哌基、嗎福啉基、六氫氮呯基、1,4-二氮呯基、1,4-噁氮呯基、奎寧環基、2,5-二氮雙環[2‧2‧1]庚基及氮雙環[3‧2‧1]辛基。
「含氮雜環」係指前述含氮雜芳基、前述含氮飽和雜環基或含氮雜芳基與含氮雜環烷基縮合而成的基,較佳為吡咯啶基、哌啶基、哌基、嗎福啉基、六氫氮呯基、氮雙環[3‧2‧1]辛基、1,4-二噁-8-氮螺[4‧5]葵基、咪唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基。
「非芳香族含氮雜環」係指前述含氮雜環基中扣除含氮雜芳基之含氮飽和雜環基及不飽和含氮雜環基。較佳為5至7員之非芳香族含氮雜環基。
「低級伸烷基」、「低級伸烯基」、「環伸烷基」、「伸芳基」及「含氮雜伸芳基」係指前述低級烷基、低級烯基、環烷基、芳基及含氮雜芳基之任意氫原子除去1個後的2價基。
「經酯化之羧基」係指低級烷基-O-CO-、芳基-低級烷基-O-CO-或H2
N-CO-芳基-低級烷基-O-CO-。
「鹵基」係指鹵素基,具體來說可列舉如、氟、氯、溴及碘,較佳者為氟及氯。
此外,「可經取代」係指「未經取代」或「經相同或相異之1~5個取代基取代」。
本發明化合物(I)係依取代基種類而存有光學異構體(光學活性體、非鏡像異構物(Diastereomer)等)或幾何異構體。因此,本發明化合物(I)包含該等之光學異構體或幾何異構體之混合物及經離析者。
再者,本發明化合物(I)可形成酸附加鹽或鹼鹽等製藥學上可接受之。舉例來說,可列舉如鹽酸、溴化氫酸、碘化氫酸、硫酸、硝酸及磷酸等無機酸,及蟻酸、乙酸、丙酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富馬酸、馬來酸、乳酸、蘋果酸、檸檬酸、酒石酸、碳酸、苦味酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、麩胺酸等有機酸的酸附加鹽;鈉、鉀、鎂、鈣、鋁等無機鹼,以及甲基胺、乙基胺、單乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、環己基胺、離胺酸及鳥胺酸等有機鹼鹽。本發明化合物(I)或其製藥學上可接受之鹽更可形成水合物、乙醇等之溶劑合物及多結晶。
本發明化合物(I)更包含活體內被代謝而轉換成本發明化合物(I)或其製藥學上可接受之鹽的化合物,即所謂的前驅藥。用以形成本發明化合物(I)之前驅藥的基團可列舉如記載在Prog. Med. 5:2157-2161(1985)中之基,及記載在廣川書店1990年刊「藥品之開發」第7卷分子設計163~198頁中的基。具體來說,則是透過水解或溶劑分解、或在生理學條件下可轉換成本發明中之1級胺或2級胺、HO-、HO-CO-等的基,HO-之前驅藥可列舉如可經取代之低級烷基-CO-O-、可經取代之芳基-CO-O-、可經取代之雜芳基-CO-O-、RO-CO-可經取代之低級伸烷基-CO-O-(R為H-或低級烷基。以下相同)、RO-CO-可經取代之低級伸烯基-CO-O-、RO-CO-低級伸烷基-O-低級伸烷基-CO-O-、RO-CO-CO-O-、ROS(=O)2
-可經取代之低級伸烯基-CO-O-、酞基-O-、5-甲基-1,3-間二氧雜環伸戊烯基(dioxolene)-2-酮-4-基-甲基氧基等。
本發明說明書中,所謂「頻尿」係指排尿次數超過正常範圍之增加狀態。此外,前述「尿失禁」則是指成為社會及衛生問題之不隨意漏尿狀態。
本發明說明書中之「膀胱過動症」係指因頻尿及尿急迫切感等自覺症狀而被診斷出之症候群(「神經泌尿學與尿動力學(Neurourology and Urodynamics)」,(美國),2002年,第21卷,p.167-178)。其發病原因有神經障礙(如神經因性膀胱、及因腦梗塞而起者)、下部尿道栓塞(如前列腺肥大)及年老等,該等共通知發病機制被認為是辣椒素感受性求心性神經的活動亢進。
可透過改善頻尿與尿失禁、尿意迫切感等症狀來治療膀胱過動症。例如,已確切得知,將抗膽鹼藥之Oxybutynin Hydrochloride(日本標準商品分類編號87259;Aventispharma株式會社)以1日3次、一次2~3mg投藥予膀胱過動症患者,透過改善頻尿、尿失禁及尿意迫切感等症狀可治療膀胱過動症。
對當業者而言,確認是否具有頻尿與尿失禁治療效果及/或膀胱過動症治療效果,可透過實施習知方法或將其改良之方法。例如,對大鼠、土撥鼠或狗等投藥環磷醯胺(CPA)50~200mg,如此誘發而成之病態樣本在相關領域上經常被使用(Ozawa氏等,The Journal of Urology,第162卷,第2211-2216頁,1999年;Boucher氏等,The Journal of Urology,第164卷,第203-208頁,2000年)。該樣本係一種伴有出血性膀胱炎之病態樣本,但此頻尿發病機制係有關辣椒素感受性求心性神經,因此該樣本被認為即是包含神經因性膀胱之各種膀胱過動症的病態樣本(Carlo Alberto Maggi氏等,Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System,第38卷,第201-208頁,1992年)。頻尿狀態可透過有效膀胱容量之減少加以確認。可將投藥有效用量之藥學組成物對此種病態樣本動物作經口、腹腔內或靜脈內投藥,並進行單次或反覆投藥,藉此,以有效膀胱容量之增加來確認頻尿與尿失禁治療效果及/或膀胱過動症治療效果。
此外,本發明說明書中之「疼痛」係神經因性疼痛、感覺接受性疼痛及炎症性疼痛等之總稱,其中,「神經因性疼痛」係指因末梢或中樞神經機能異常引起之疼痛,可列舉如糖尿病性神經障礙疼痛、癌性疼痛、三叉神經痛、幻肢痛、帶狀疱疹後疼痛或視丘痛等。神經因性疼痛在臨床上的主要症狀有綁勒般的疼痛、燒灼般的疼痛、痛覺過敏及異痛症(觸摸痛)等。
已知一般的鎮痛劑如非類固醇抗炎症藥及嗎啡等麻藥性鎮痛藥對神經因性疼痛效果甚弱。於醫療現場,Gabapentin等抗癲癇藥及Mexiletine等抗心律不整藥被利用在緩和疼痛上,但其鎮痛效果尚有不足。
對當業者而言,確認是否具神經因性疼痛治療效果,可透過實施習知方法或將其改良之方法。例如,部分改變Kim and Chung之方法(疼痛醫學雜誌,第50卷,第355-363頁,1992年)而製出之L5/L6脊髓神經結紮大鼠中,透過評估相對於觸碰刺激之顯著反應閾值降低(觸摸痛)之化合物改善作用,可確認神經因性疼痛治療效果。
此外,本發明化合物包含對頻尿與尿失禁、膀胱過動症係有效之化合物、對疼痛(特別是神經因性疼痛)係有效之化合物以及對前述二者均有效之化合物。
本發明之化合物及其製藥學上可接受之鹽可利用其基本骨架或取代基種類之特徵,而應用各種習知合成法加以製造。
此時,依官能基種類,預先原料至中間體階段以適當之保護基(可容易地轉換成該官能基之基)取代該官能基,在製造技術上來說將有效果。此種官能基可例示如胺基、氫氧基或羧基等,該等保護基則可列舉如格林氏(Greene)及渥茲氏(Wuts)所著「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis(第2版)」中所記載之保護基,而該等僅需依反應條件加以適當選擇使用即可。
在此種方法中,可在導入該保護基進行反應後,依需要而去除保護基,藉此製得所需化合物。
茲將本發明化合物或其中間體之代表性製造法說明如下。
(下述文章中之代號係如下所示:DMF:N,N-二甲基甲醯胺;DMSO:二甲基亞碸;THF:四氫呋喃;TFA:三氟乙酸;Tol:甲苯;EtOAc:乙酸乙酯;DCE:二環乙烷;TEA:三乙基胺。)
以下針對本發明化合物之代表性製造法進行說明,但不表示受限於該等製造方法。
此外,在本發明化合物中,相同之取代基存在於該製造法之反應式中以外的位置時,可透過取代基修飾反應而製得包含在本發明範圍中的化合物。
(式中,X表示本反應中有利之脫離基。以下相同。)
本反應係使通式(VI)所示之酮衍生物與其反應相對量之通式(VII)所示羥基吡啶衍生物在對反應為不活性之溶劑中,於冷卻下或室溫至加溫下攪拌酯化而進行。舉例來說,脫離基X包含鹵素原子、低級烷氧基、苯氧基及咪唑基等。不活性溶劑可列舉如DMF、二甲基乙醯胺、THF、二噁烷、二甲氧基乙烷、二乙氧基乙烷、苯、Tol、二甲苯等以及該等之混合溶劑。為促進本反應,宜添加鹼(如鈉、氫化鈉、甲氧基鈉及乙氧基鈉等)。
本反應係使通式(VIII)所示含氮雜環化合物與反應相對量之通式(IX)所示吡啶衍生物在前述對反應為不活性之溶劑中,於冷卻下或室溫至加溫下攪拌而進行。為促進本反應,宜添加鹼(如鈉、氫化鈉、甲氧基鈉、乙氧基鈉、TEA及吡啶等)。
可使經酯化之具羧基化合物透過水解反應而依如格林氏(Greene)與渥茲氏(Wuts)著「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis(第2版)」中之脫保護反應,而製得具有羧基之本發明化合物(I-3)。
(式中,基ROCO-表示經酯化之羧基。以下相同。)
化合物I-3或R1
為羧酸時係與胺,R1
為胺時係與羧酸來製造各種醯胺化合物。含氮雜環為哌啶時,透過使用羧酸或磺酸化合物或是該等之反應性衍生物,可製造各種醯胺化合物。反應可於縮合劑(如二環己基碳二亞胺(DCC)、二異丙基碳二亞胺(DIPC)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)碳二亞胺(WSC)、1,1’-羰基雙-1H-咪唑(CDI)等)存在下,依情況更可於添加劑(如N-羥基丁二酸亞醯胺(HONSu)、1-羥基苯并三唑(HOBt)、二甲基胺基吡啶(DMAP)等)存在下進行。羧酸或磺酸化合物之反應性衍生物可使用酸鹵化物、酸酐及活性酯等。舉例來說,反應亦可依日本化學會編「實驗化學講座(第4版)」22卷(1992年)(丸善)等所載之方法進行。
式中代號表示下述意義。X為鹵素或-O-SO2
CF3
,Y為-B(OH)2
、二烷基硼、二烷氧基硼或三烷基錫。此外,X可為-B(OH)2
、二烷基硼、二烷氧基硼或三烷基錫,Y可為鹵素或-O-SO2
CF3
。
較佳之反應係使化合物(I-6)與化合物(I-7)組合而成的2個芳香環在過渡金屬催化劑及適當添加劑存在下反應,以合成出二芳基化合物(I-8)者。代表性方法可列舉如丸善1991年刊「實驗科學講座」第25卷有機合成V II 353~366項、396~427項所載方法。過渡金屬催化劑可適當應用肆(三苯基膦)鈀等各種鈀錯合物及二溴雙(三苯基膦)鎳等各種鎳錯合物等。添加劑可適宜使用三苯基膦、碳酸鈉及鋅等,但較宜因應所用方法而加以適當選擇。
通常,前述反應係於溶劑中且在室溫~加熱下進行。再者,除此所記載之反應外,亦可應用形成二芳基結構之反應,如,於適當過渡金屬催化劑存在下,使鹵化芳基化合物與芳基格林納試劑反應等。
為製造本發明化合物之原料化合物,可依需要使既知化合物實施前述製造法記載之反應,或是實施當業者自明之反應(J.March著,ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY(John WILEY & SONS(1992))(如醯基化、烷基化、脲化、氧化、還原(宜如COMPREHENSIVE ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 8 REDUCTION(Pergamon Press)(1991))以及鹵化反應等)來製得。
將通式(XI)及(XII)所示醇實施光延反應,可合成出原料化合物(X)。本反應係使化合物(XI)與(XII)在等量至過剩量之三苯基膦及偶氮二羧酸二乙酯存在下,於第一製造法所記載之不活性溶劑中,於冷卻下或加熱下一邊攪拌一邊進行。
(式中代號係如下所示。U:胺基之保護基、ALK3
:可經HO取代之ALK1
,以下相同。)
本反應係一烷基化反應。使1級胺、2級胺、醇、硫醇、1級醯胺及級醯胺等與其反應相對量之具有脫離基的化合物,在對反應為不活性之溶劑中,使用等量或一方過剩量,於冷卻下或加熱下一邊攪拌一邊進行反應。在鹼(如碳酸鉀、碳酸鈉及碳酸銫等無機鹼或TEA及二異丙基乙基胺等等有機鹼、第三丁氧基鉀及第三丁氧基鈉等金屬烷氧化物或氫化鈉及氫化鋰等)及添加劑(碘化四正丁基銨、碘化鉀或碘化鈉等)存在下反應,將使反應順利進行而較為有利。
對上述反應為不活性之溶劑可列舉如二氯甲烷、DCE、氯仿、苯、Tol、二甲苯、醚、THF、二噁烷、EtOAc、乙醇、甲醇、2-丙醇、乙腈、DMF、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基咪唑啶酮、DMSO、丙酮、甲基乙基酮或水等、以及該等之均勻系及不均勻系混合溶劑,但需依各種反應條件適當加以選擇。
[上述式中之代號係如下所示。Q:O、S或NHZ:脫離基(如Cl、Br、I或OMs等)]
本製造法係使通式(XVI)所示醛或酮與通式(XVII)所示Wittig試劑或Horner-Emmons試劑反應以製造化合物(XVIII)者。
本反應係於等量至過剩量之鹼(如TEA及二異丙基乙基胺等有機鹼或碳酸鉀、碳酸鈉及碳酸銫等無機鹼)存在下,使化合物(XVI)及化合物(XVII)在前述不活性溶劑中,使用等量或任一過剩量,在冷卻下或加熱下一邊攪拌一邊進行。在添加劑(碘化四正丁基銨或碘化鉀等)存在下進行反應,將使反應順利進行,較為有利。
Z1
:用於Wittig試劑或Horner-Emmons試劑之基(鏻鹽或亞磷酸二酯等,n:0或1)。
脂肪酸醯胺水解酶(fatty acid amide hydrolase;以下稱為FAAH)包含具有可將極樂醯胺、棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺、油醯胺及/或2-花生四烯酸甘油水解之活性的酶,在鑑定為係相同分子種者之前提下,可係來自任一種者,舉例來說,包含人類(基因庫編號(GenBank Accession Number)NM-001441)、小鼠(基因庫編號NM-010173)、大鼠(基因庫編號NM-024132)、豬(基因庫編號AB027132)、兔、雉雞、雞、狗、貓、倉鼠、松鼠、熊、鹿、猿猴等來自哺乳動物者。此外,不限定在天然多肽,人工製造之變異體亦包含在內。
有關下述(a)~(d),以下總稱為「機能性FAAH」。
(a)序列編號2、序列編號4、序列編號6或序列編號8所示胺基酸序列中,包含全部或至少去除包含膜貫通領域之胺基末端領域的胺基酸序列,且可水解極樂醯胺、棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺、油醯胺及/或2-花生四烯酸甘油的多肽;
(b)缺損、取代及/或插入有1~10個(較佳為1~7個,更佳為1~5個)胺基酸的序列編號2、序列編號4、序列編號6或序列編號8所示胺基酸序列中,包含全部或至少去除包含膜貫通領域之胺基末端領域的胺基酸序列,且可水解極樂醯胺、棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺、油醯胺及/或2-花生四烯酸甘油的多肽;
(c)與序列編號2、序列編號4、序列編號6或序列編號8所示胺基酸序列具有70%以上(較佳為80%以上、更佳為90%以上而最佳為95%以上)相同性的胺基酸序列中,包含全部或至少去除包含膜貫通領域之胺基末端領域的胺基酸序列,且可水解極樂醯胺、棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺、油醯胺及/或2-花生四烯酸甘油的多肽;
(d)與序列編號1、序列編號3、序列編號5或序列編號7所示多核苷酸或其互補序列於嚴苛條件下雜交之多核苷酸所編碼之胺基酸序列中,包含全部或至少去除包含膜貫通領域之胺基末端領域的胺基酸序列,且可水解極樂醯胺、棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺、油醯胺及/或2-花生四烯酸甘油的多肽。
此外,本發明說明書中之前述「包含膜貫通領域之胺基末端領域」係指:含有膜貫通領域之胺基末端領域,該膜貫通領域係被埋入位在胺基末端之細胞外領域及挾在細胞外領域與細胞內領域之細胞膜中。可使用膜蛋白結構予測程式TMpred、PSORT、SOSUI等,從胺基酸序列來預測膜貫通領域係存在何處。具體舉例來說,「包含膜貫通領域之胺基末端領域」係序列編號2之第1號至第30號、序列編號6之第1號至第第29號所示之領域。扣除序列編號6之第1號至第29號所示領域,且以序列編號6之第30號至第579號胺基酸表示的多肽已知亦具有未去除前述領域之多肽相同的活性(Matthew氏等,Biochemistry,第37卷,第15177-15187頁,1998年)。
本發明說明書中,前述「相同性」係指透過Clustal V program(Higgins氏與Sharp氏,Gene,第73卷,第237-244頁,1998年;Thompson氏等,Nucleic Acid Res.,第22卷,第4673-7680頁,1994年)檢索,並使用初期化所準備之參數而取得之值(Identities)。該參數係如下所示。
作為Pairwise Alignment Parameters:
K tuple 1
Gap Penalty 3
Window 5
Diagonals Saved 5
本發明說明書中,前述「嚴苛條件」下之雜交係指不引起非專一性結合之條件,具體來說,可列舉如:使雜交在50%甲醯胺、5×SSC(0.75M NaCl,0.075M檸檬酸鈉,pH 7)、5×丹哈德溶液(Denhardt’s Solution,0.1%聚蔗糖(Ficoll)400,0.1%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,0.1% BSA)、變形鮭魚精子DNA(50g/ml)、0.1% SDS及10%硫酸糊精所構成之溶液中,於37~42℃溫度條件下,進行約12~18小時,再以洗淨溶液(0.2×SSC、0.1% SDS)依需要進行預備洗淨後,於50~60℃溫度條件下洗淨所進行的雜交。
本發明說明書中,前述「水解極樂醯胺、棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺、油醯胺及/或2-花生四烯酸甘油」具體來說係指以實施例1~4之方法,於pH7~9緩衝液中以4℃~37℃進行30~90分鐘之水解反應,即,使極樂醯胺(N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine)分解成花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid)與乙醇胺(ethanolamine)、棕櫚醯基乙醇醯胺(N-palmitoyl ethanolamine)分解成棕櫚酸(palmitic acid)與乙醇胺、油醯胺(Cis-9,10-octadecenoamide)分解成油酸(oleic acid)與氨、2-花生四烯酸甘油(2-arachidonoyl glycerol)分解成花生四烯酸與甘油(glycerol)的反應。
本發明之篩選方法包括一種篩選頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑之方法,其包含下述程序:(1)使試驗物質與FAAH或機能性FAAH接觸;(2)分析FAAH或機能性FAAH之活性變化;(3)選擇可阻礙FAAH或機能性FAAH活性之物質。
使試驗物質與FAAH或機能性FAAH接觸時,須將試驗物質添加至下述任一者,亦可培養一定時間:
a)表現FAAH或機能性FAAH之細胞或組織;
b)透過含有可編碼FAAH或機能性FAAH之多核苷酸的表現載體而被轉形的轉形體;
c)a)或b)之溶解液或破碎液;及
d)從c)純化而來的FAAH或機能性FAAH純化物;
亦可使用:
e)投藥有試驗物質之實驗動物的組織破碎液或血液。
表現出FAAH或機能性FAAH之細胞可具體列舉如:神經細胞、神經膠細胞、上皮細胞、內皮細胞、淋巴球、巨噬細胞、血小板、肥胖細胞、單核細胞、樹狀細胞、肝細胞、腎細胞、腸細胞、胰細胞、子宮細胞、胎盤細胞、膀胱細胞、前列腺細胞、角化細胞及肌肉細胞等。該等細胞只需可表現出FAAH或機能性FAAH即可,可使用取自任一物種之細胞,如人類、小鼠、大鼠、豬、兔、雉雞、雞、狗、貓、倉鼠、松鼠、熊、鹿、猿猴等來自哺乳動物之細胞。
細胞亦可使用被建立之細胞株,也可使用從動物組織剝離或離析出之細胞。被建立之細胞株可使用:來自人類膀胱上皮癌之細胞株5637細胞、來自人類前列腺癌之細胞株PC-3細胞、大鼠嗜鹼細胞性白血病細胞株RBL-2H3細胞、大鼠神經芽細胞瘤株N18TG2細胞、大鼠神經膠腫細胞株C6細胞、大鼠巨噬細胞株J774細胞、來自大鼠副腎髓質之親鉻性細胞瘤株PC-12細胞、人類單核細胞樣細胞株U937細胞、人類乳癌細胞株MCF-7細胞、人類乳癌細胞株EFM-19細胞、來自人類大腸癌之細胞株CaCo-2細胞(以上細胞株均可自American Type Culture Collection(ATCC)取得)、人類表皮角化細胞株HaCaT細胞以及人類神經芽細胞瘤株CHP100細胞。較佳者則可使用來自人類膀胱上皮癌之細胞株5637細胞以及大鼠嗜鹼細胞性白血病細胞株RBL-2H3細胞。
表現FAAH或機能性FAAH之組織可具體列舉如腦、膀胱、前列腺、腎臟、肝臟、睪丸、肌肉、血管、胰臟、消化道、肺、子宮、胎盤、皮膚、淋巴球、血小板、巨噬細胞、單核細胞、肥胖細胞及前列腺。較佳者宜使用腦、肝臟及單核細胞。該等僅可需表現出FAAH或機能性FAAH即可,可使用取自任一物種之細胞,如人類、小鼠、大鼠、豬、兔、雉雞、雞、狗、貓、倉鼠、松鼠、熊、鹿、猿猴等來自哺乳動物之組織。
欲調查細胞及組織中是否表現出FAAH或機能性FAAH,可以下述方法等進行確認:西方墨點法,係使用細胞或組織之萃取液,並使用可測出受檢對象多肽的抗體者;或,PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)法,係使用一引子,其可專一性地檢測出編碼受檢對象之多肽的多核苷酸。或者,可使細胞或組織之溶解液或破碎液與極樂醯胺、棕櫚基乙醇醯胺、油醯胺及/或2-花生四烯酸甘油等基質在pH 7~9之緩衝液中以4℃~37℃進行30~90分鐘反應,再調查該等基質是否已受到水解,藉此進行確認。
可使用以已知之胺基酸序列或鹼基序列資訊等為基礎而設計合成出的引子及探針,透過以PCR法及雜交所作之篩選,而從cDNA基因庫離析出可編碼FAAH或機能性FAAH之多核苷酸。使被離析出之含多核苷酸的片段載入適當之表現載體,可藉此轉染至真核生物及原核生物之宿主細胞中,進而使宿主細胞中已轉染的多核苷酸所編碼之多肽表現出。表現載體除可依宿主細胞而適當選擇使用習知表現載體外,可按照宿主細胞而使用係導入有適當啟動子及與形質表現相關之序列且經適宜挑選之載體質粒。此外,亦可使用導入有特定序列之表現載體,其在透過所載入之多核苷酸而被編碼之多肽表現時,將以麩胱甘肽-S-轉移酶(GST)及Flag、His等之標籤序列(Tag)被融合之狀態下表現。同時以數種多核苷酸使一細胞轉形時,亦可構成為1個表現載體包含數種多核苷酸,或是構成為各自包含在個別的表現載體中。或者,亦可先取得在染色體DNA中載入有此種結構的細胞,再進行使用。
導入有所需多核苷酸之表現載體可透過DEAE-糊精法(Luthman氏等,Nucleic Acids Res.,第11卷,第1295-1308頁,1983年)、磷酸鈣-DNA共沉澱法(Graham氏等,Virology,第52卷,第456-457頁,1973年)、使用市售轉染試劑之Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen社)及FuGENE 6(Roche Molecular Biochemicals社)之方法以及電脈衝穿孔法(Neumann氏,EMBO J.,第1卷,第841-845頁,1982年)等而載入宿主細胞並轉形。宿主細胞使用大腸菌時,可依Hanahan氏之方法(Hanahan氏等,Mol. Biol.,第166卷,第557-580頁,1983年),使大腸菌與CaCl2
、MgCl2
或RbCl共存而調製成勝任細胞(Competent cell),再加入已導入所需多核苷酸之表現載體,即可使其轉形。
將細胞以緩衝液洗淨數次後,於緩衝液中以磨碎型均質儀破碎至均勻為止,即可製作出細胞之破碎液。至於組織破碎液,則是加入組織重量之5~10倍容積的冰冷緩衝液後,於冰中以磨碎型均質儀磨碎至成為均勻溶液為止,再進行數秒超音波破碎即可製得。該緩衝液可使用Tris緩衝液(50mM Tris-HCl(pH 8.0),1mM EDTA)或Hepes緩衝液(1mM EDTA,100mM NaCl,12.5mM Hepes,pH 8.0)等。舉例來說,可列舉如實施例438及實施例439之試驗法。透過含有編碼FAAH或機能性FAAH之多核苷酸的表現載體而轉形之大腸菌的溶解液,則是將大腸菌作離心分離以進行回收,再用溶菌緩衝液(如20mM Tris-HCl(pH 8.0),500mM NaCl,10% Glycerol,0.2mM EDTA,0.5mM DTT,10mM Imidazole,1% n-Octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)溶解而製得者。
FAAH或機能性FAAH之純化物可使用親和性管柱層析法、電性管柱層析法、凝膠過濾管柱層析法、離子交換管柱層析法及分配管柱層析法等一般方法,從a)表現FAAH或機能性FAAH之細胞或組織、或b)透過含有編碼FAAH或機能性FAAH之多核苷酸的表現載體而轉形之轉型體的溶解液或破碎液而純化出。
具體而言,將表現FAAH或機能性FAAH之細胞或組織置於含蔗糖之溶劑中均質化後,進行離心分離或超高速離心分離,取得微粒體分液,再以含Triton-X之溶劑溶解後,更進一步離心分離,使去除沉澱物之蛋白質溶解液以高速蛋白液體管柱層析法(FPLC)系統(Pharmacia社)進行處理而純化(Ueda氏等,J. Biol. Chem,第270卷,第23823-23827頁,1995年)。
或是以溶菌緩衝液,使已轉形成可使融合有His標籤序列之FAAH或機能性FAAH表現出的大腸菌溶解,進行超音波處理後,進行離心分離(如,以10000×g進行20分鐘),將所得上清與預先以溶菌緩衝液平衡化且對His標籤序列具有高度結合力之樹脂於低溫下混合12小時以上,洗淨樹脂後,使樹脂溶出已融合有His標籤序列之FAAH或機能性FAAH,如此即可純化。
欲使試驗物質與前述細胞或組織、如前述般製作之細胞或組織之溶解液或是破碎液、或是FAAH或機能性FAAH純化物接觸時,已有將試驗物質添加或非添加於該等中,再培養預定時間的方法。具體來說,則是按照該試驗物質之溶解性,使用經適當挑選出之蒸餾水及二甲基亞碸(DMSO)等溶解液,使試驗物質溶解後,再將其添加到前述細胞或組織、該等之溶解液或破碎液或是FAAH或機能性FAAH純化物中,呈0.003nM~10μM;於係細胞或組織的情況下,則是於CO2
保溫器內以37℃培養30~60分鐘,其他情況則係以4℃~37℃培養30~90分鐘,即可完成與試驗物質之接觸。
透過將試驗物質投予實驗動物,亦可使該實驗動物之組織或血液中的FAAH或機能性FAAH與試驗物質接觸。舉例來說,實驗動物可使用小鼠、大鼠、狗等哺乳動物。對該等實驗動物投予試驗物質時,可按照試驗物質之性質,以一般常用載體之生理食鹽水或二甲基甲醯胺溶液、10%甲基纖維素溶液等使試驗物質懸濁或溶解,再進行經口投藥、皮下投藥、腹腔內投藥、靜脈內投藥。投藥後摘出組織,使該等組織透過前述c)之方法破碎,而製得組織破碎液。具體而言,舉例來說,可將試驗物質以1~3mg/kg的量經口投藥予9週齡之大鼠,再從30分鐘後摘出之腦、肝臟及單核細胞等組織製作組織破碎液。或者,以0.3~3mg/kg的量將試驗物質作靜脈內投藥予13~18月齡之狗,可從30分後摘出之腦、肝臟、單核細胞等組織製作組織破碎液。更具體來說,舉例而言,可以藉實施例440之方法製作組織破碎液。此外,可從投藥有上述試驗物質之實驗動物的心臟及下腔大動脈等採取血液。
分析FAAH或機能性FAAH之活性變化時,已知有透過試驗物質之接觸有無來測定FAAH或機能性FAAH之酶活性變化的方法。可使FAAH或機能性FAAH與基質接觸預定時間,再透過測量該基質之分解產物量,以測定FAAH或機能性FAAH之酶活性。或者,也可透過測量實驗動物之組織及血液中所含FAAH活體內基質之內生性大麻素的量,以進行測定。
欲測定試驗物質依賴性之酶活性變化時,可於試驗物質存在下或非存在下,使FAAH或機能性FAAH與基質接觸預定時間,再求出試驗物質非存在下之基質分解產物量與試驗物質存在下之基質分解產物量的相對比,藉此進行分析。
或者,使基質與預先已接觸試驗物質之FAAH或機能性FAAH、以及未與試驗物質接觸之FAAH或機能性FAAH接觸一定時間,再以未接觸試驗物質之FAAH或機能性FAAH之基質分解產物量,及預先與試驗物質接觸之FAAH或機能性FAAH之基質分解產物量來求出相對比,如此也可測定出試驗物質依賴性之酶活性變化。
再者,更可測定實驗動物在投予試驗物質前後之組織或血液中之內生性大麻素量,求出投予試驗物質前之內生性大麻素量與投予試驗物質後之內生性大麻素量的相對比,或是測定投予/未投予試驗物質之實驗動物之組織或血液中的內生性大麻素量,再求出未投予試驗物質之實驗動物組織或血液中之內生性大麻素量與經投予試驗物質之實驗動物組織或血液中之內生性大麻素量間的相對比,亦可測定出試驗物質依賴性之酶活性變化。
可按照FAAH或機能性FAAH之狀態,使FAAH或機能性FAAH與基質在下述條件下接觸。
前述(1)使基質與a)、b)之表現於細胞、組織中之FAAH或機能性FAAH接觸時,將前述基質添加至pH 7~9之緩衝液中的培養細胞或組織,於CO2
保溫器內以37℃或室溫下,較佳為反應30~60分鐘。欲停止反應時,可將該細胞或該組織移至冰上急冷,或與充分濃度之FAAH阻礙劑接觸,或加入氯仿與甲醇之1:1(容量比)溶液。再將該等細胞、組織以前述(1)c)之方法溶解、破碎,而可製作溶解液或破碎液。
欲使前述(1)c)、e)之細胞、組織溶解液或破碎液中的FAAH或機能性FAAH與基質接觸時,可於pH 7~9之緩衝液(較佳者為將蛋白質濃度稀釋為10~100μg/ml之溶解液、破碎液)中添加前述基質,於4℃~37℃溫度條件進行反應。反應時間可依所添加之酶量、基質量及反應溫度等條件而適當設定之。例如,於室溫下進行反應時,可使反應時間為30~90分鐘下進行。
欲使(1)d)之FAAH或機能性FAAH之純化物與基質接觸時,可將前述基質添加到使用pH 7~9之緩衝液的溶解液或破碎液,並於4℃~37℃之溫度條件下進行反應。反應時間可依所添加之酶量、基質量及反應溫度等條件而適當設定之。例如,於室溫下進行反應時,可使反應時間為30~90分鐘下進行。
測定基質之分解產物量時,僅需使前述酶反應液中之未反應基質與分解產物分離,再測定分解產物之量即可。未反應基質與分解產物分離時,舉例來說,可利用分解產物之乙醇胺等係呈水溶性的特性,於酶反應液中添加2倍量之氯仿與甲醇的1:1(容量比)溶液並攪拌後,利用離心分離而分離成:包含在上層之水/乙醇層中的分解產物,以及包含在下層之氯仿層的未反應基質。此外,亦可與不具吸水性之液態閃爍雞尾酒(scintillation cocktail)劑混合,藉此使脂溶性之未反應放射性基質吸入cocktail劑中,使分解產物與未反應基質分離。或是透過薄層管柱層析法及高速液體管柱層析法等,使未反應基質與分解產物分離。
基質使用經3
H或14
C等標識者或使用經標識與未標識者之混合物時,可使用液態閃爍計數器(Liquid Scintillation Counter)測定分解產物之量或未反應基質之量,或作為X射線潛影(latent image)而紀錄在影像板(lmaging Plate)上,再透過影像版讀取裝置作測定。
基質使用未標識者時,可以高速液體管柱層析法監測205nm之吸光度,而測定出分解產物量或未反應基質量(Lang氏等,Anal. Biochem,第238卷,第40-45頁,1996年)。
測定未反應基質量時,可從反應前已添加之基質量扣除未反應基質量,而求得分解產物之量。此外,亦可以僅添加不含FAAH或機能性FAAH之緩衝液而測得之基質分解產物量作為對照組,從FAAH或機能性FAAH之基質分解產物量中扣除,而求得FAAH或機能性FAAH所實際引發之基質分解產物量。
關於組織破碎液中之內生性大麻素量,舉例而言,可將所採取之組織置於氯仿、甲醇與50mM Tris(pH 8.0)之2:1:1(容量比)溶液中破碎,再以液體管柱層析法-同位素稀釋質量分析法(isotope dilution mass spectrometry)來測定有機層(氯仿層)中所含之內生性大麻素(Cravatt氏等,Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,第98卷,第9371-9376頁,2001年)。
血液中之內生性大麻素量可如下述般測得。從採取到之血液分離出血漿,加入等量丙酮(-20℃)後離心以去除血漿所含蛋白質。吹噴氮氣使丙酮蒸發後,加入甲醇與氯仿之1:2(容量比)溶液,再以液體管柱層析法-同位素稀釋質量分析法測定有機層(氯仿層)所含內生性大麻素(Giuffrida氏等,Eur. J. Pharmacol.,第408卷,第161-168頁,2000年)。
選擇阻礙FAAH或機能性FAAH活性之物質時,可使試驗物質與FAAH或機能性FAAH接觸,再與未接觸試驗物質時比較,選出可使基質之分解產物量減少之物質即可。
具體來說,比較使FAAH或機能性FAAH與試驗物質接觸及未與試驗物質的情況,即可篩選出可使基質分解產物量減少(宜減少至1/2倍以下)之物質,即,頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑。
此外,使FAAH或機能性FAAH與各種濃度之試驗物質接觸,令未接觸試驗物質時之基質分解產物量為100%,求出與各濃度試驗物質接觸時之基質分解產物量的相對值(%);此外,令未接觸試驗物質時之基質分解產物量為100%,且令既存之FAAH阻礙物質以充分之濃度及時間與FAAH或機能性FAAH接觸時之基質分解產物量為0%,求出與各濃度試驗物質接觸時之基質分解產物量之相對值(%),並以基質之分解產物量之相對值(%)為縱軸且試驗物質濃度為橫軸而繪出之阻礙曲線,算出分解產物量之相對值為50%時之試驗物質濃度(IC50
值),即可篩選出較佳之IC50
值為1μM以下(更佳為100nM以下)之物質,即,頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑。舉例來說,可列舉如實施例438至實施例440之試驗。
或者,透過投予實驗動物,將組織或血液中之內生性大麻素量與投予前作比較,或是與未投予之實驗動物作比較,再選出宜增加為1.5倍之試驗物質,如此亦可篩選出阻礙FAAH或機能性FAAH活性之物質,即,頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑。
本發明之篩選法所使用之試驗物質並未特別限制,但可列舉如:市售化合物(含胜肽)、登錄在Chemical File之各種習知化合物(含胜肽)、以組合式化學(Combinatrial Chemistry)技術(Terrett氏等,J. Steele. Tetrahedron,第51卷,第8135-8173頁,1995年)獲得之化合物群、微生物培養上清、來自植物及海洋生物之天然成分、動物組織萃取物或將本發明篩選方法所選出之化合物(含胜肽)作化學性或生物學性修飾而成之化合物(含胜肽)。
本發明之藥學組成物中之有效成分可使用阻礙FAAH或機能性FAAH活性之物質,而舉例來說,該阻礙物質可透過本發明之篩選方法而挑選出。
本發明之藥學組成物並不限定於以本發明篩選方法獲得之物質作為有效成分的藥學組成物,而是包含以阻礙FAAH或機能性FAAH活性之物質作為有效成分的所有頻尿與尿失禁治療用、膀胱過動症治療用及/或疼痛治療用藥學組成物,而較宜為頻尿與尿失禁治療用、膀胱過動症治療用及/或疼痛治療用藥學組成物。
此外,確認是否具有頻尿與尿失禁治療效果、膀胱過動症治療效果及/或神經因性疼痛治療效果,則已記載如前述。
以阻礙FAAH或機能性FAAH活性之物質,如DNA、蛋白質(包含抗體或抗體片段)、胜肽或除此之外的化合物作為有效成分之製劑,可依該有效成分的類型,而使用其等在製劑化時一般採用之藥理學上可接受的載體、賦形劑、及/或其他添加劑,進而調製出藥學組成物。
在投藥時,舉例來說,可藉錠劑、丸劑、膠囊劑、顆粒劑、細粒劑、粉劑或經口用液劑等作經口投藥,或是以靜脈注射、肌肉注射或關節注射等之注射劑、栓劑、經皮投藥劑或經黏膜投藥劑等作非經口投藥。特別是,於胃部將被消化之胜肽宜採靜脈注射等之非經口投藥。
用以經口投藥用之固體組成物中,可將1種或以上之活性物質與至少一種不活性稀釋劑混合,如乳糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、微結晶纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、澱粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或甲基矽酸鋁酸鎂等。該組成物亦可依定法而含有不活性稀釋劑以外之添加劑,如滑澤劑、崩解劑、安定化劑、溶解劑或溶解輔劑等。錠劑或丸劑可依需要而以糖衣或胃溶性或腸溶性物質等膜衣加以被覆。
經口投藥用之液體組成物可列舉如乳濁劑、溶液劑、懸濁劑、糖漿劑或酏劑,可含有常用的不活性稀釋劑,如純水或乙醇。該組成物可含有不活性稀釋劑以外之添加物,如濕潤劑、懸濁劑、甘味劑、芳香劑或防腐劑。
非經口用之注射劑可含有無菌之水性或非水性之溶液劑、懸濁劑或乳濁劑。水性之溶液劑或懸濁劑可含有如注射用蒸餾水或生理用食鹽水等作為稀釋劑。非水性之溶液劑或懸濁劑之稀釋劑則可含有如丙二醇、聚乙二醇、植物油(如橄欖油)、醇類(如乙醇)或聚山梨酸酯80等。該組成物更可含有濕潤劑、乳化劑、分散劑、安定化劑、溶解劑或溶解補助劑或是防腐劑。舉例而言,該組成物可藉穿過儲菌濾網之過濾、配合殺菌劑或照射而無菌化。此外,製造、使用無菌之固體組成物時,亦可溶解於無菌水或其他無菌用注射用媒介後再使用。
可慮及有效成分(即以本發明之篩選方法取得之物質)活性強度、症狀、投藥對象之年齡或性別等而適當決定投藥量。
例如,採經口投藥時,其投藥量就一般來說,成人(體重60kg)1日約0.1~100mg,且較佳為0.1~50mg。採非經口投藥時,就注射劑之型態來說,1日約0.01~50mg,且較佳為0.01~10mg。
以下,基於實施例而更詳盡地說明本發明。本發明化合物並不限定在下述實施例所記載之化合物。此外,將原料化合物之製法顯示於參考例。本發明之部分化合物亦可能為原料化合物,為方便起見亦作為參考例顯示其製法。此外,茲將參考例所得之化合物之化學結構式及物理化學性質示於表1~15。將實施例所得化合物之化學結構式示於表16~表34,而其物理化學性質則示於表35~63。再者,更將本發明之其他化合物的結構顯示於表65~73。該等可利用上述製造法、下述參考例及實施例所記載或當業者可自明之方法、或是該等之變形法而容易地製得。
此外,使用市售套組時,亦可按照市售品之指示書實施。
另,發明說明書中之代號係如下所示。
Rex:參考例;Ex:實施例;Str:結構式;DAT:物理化學性質;1
H-NMR δ(ppm),solvent:核磁性共鳴圖譜;實施例化合物之物理化學數據中的DMSO:DMSO-d6;MS m/z:質量分析值;Com:化合物;NC:氰基;Ph:苯基;Me:甲基;diMe:二甲基;Et:乙基;Pr:丙基;iPr:異丙基;Bu:丁基;tBu:第三丁基;iBu:異丁基;Pen:戊基;Hex:己基;Hep:庚基;Oct:辛基;cPr:環丙基;cPen:環戊基;cHex:環己基;cHep:環庚基;cOct:環辛基;Ac:乙醯基;Cl:氯;diCl:二氯;CN:氰基;F:氟;diF:二氟;FPh:氟苯基;NCPh:氰基苯基;diFPh:二氟苯基;O2
N:硝基;MeO:甲氧基;diMeO:二甲氧基;Br:溴;diBr:二溴;BrPh:溴苯基;F3
C:三氟甲基;AcO:乙醯氧基;MeOCO或COOMe:甲氧基羰基;tBuOCO或COOtBu:第三丁氧羰基;HO:羥基;HOPh:羥苯基;H2
N:胺基;PhCONH:苯甲醯基胺基;EtCONH:乙基羰胺基;Me2
N:二甲基胺基;Et2
N:二乙基胺基;BIP2:2-聯苯基;BIP3:3-聯苯基;BIP4:4-聯苯基;BIP5:5-聯苯基;BIP6:6-聯苯基;Thiop2:噻吩-2-基;Thiop3:噻吩-3-基;Thiop4:噻吩-4-基;Thiop5:噻吩-5-基;PYRR1:吡咯啶-1-基;PYRR2:吡咯啶-2-基;PYRR3:吡咯啶-3-基;PYRR4:吡咯啶-4-基;PYRR5:吡咯啶-5-基;Py2:吡啶-2-基;Py3:吡啶-3-基;Py4:吡啶-4-基;Py5:吡啶-5-基;IM1:咪唑-1-基;IM2:咪唑-2-基;IM3:咪唑-3-基;IM4:咪唑-4-基;BenzIM1:苯并咪唑-1-基;BenzIM2:苯并咪唑-2-基;BenzIM3:苯并咪唑-3-基;BenzIM4:苯并咪唑-4-基;BenzIM5:苯并咪唑-5-基;BenzIM6:苯并咪唑-6-基;Pyrazi1:吡-1-基:Pyrazi2:吡-2-基;Pyrazi3:吡-3-基;Pyrazi4:吡-4-基;Pyrazi5:吡-5-基;Pyrazi6:吡-6-基;PIPE1:哌啶-1-基;PIPE2:哌啶-2-基;PIPE3:哌啶-3-基;PIPE4:哌啶-4-基;PIPE5:哌啶-5-基;PIPE6:哌啶-6-基;PIPERA:哌;PIPERA1:哌-1-基;PIPERA2:哌-2-基;PIPERA3:哌-3-基;PIPERA4:哌-4-基;PIPERA5:哌-5-基;Pyrazo1:吡唑-1-基;Pyrazo2:吡唑-2-基;Pyrazo3:吡唑-3-基;Pyrazo4:吡唑-4-基;Pyrazo5:吡唑-5-基;Mo:嗎福啉;Mo2:嗎福啉-2-基;Mo3:嗎福啉-3-基;Mo4:嗎福啉-4-基;Mo5:嗎福啉-5-基;Azep:六氫氮呯;Azep1:六氫氮呯-1-基;Azep2:六氫氮呯-2-基;Azep3:六氫氮呯-3-基;Azep4:六氫氮呯-4-基;Thiaz2:噻唑-2-基;Thiaz3:噻唑-3-基;Thiaz4:噻唑-4-基;Thiaz5:噻唑-5-基;QUI1:喹啉-1-基;QUI2:喹啉-2-基;QUI3:喹啉-3-基;QUI4:喹啉-4-基;QUI5:喹啉-5-基;QUI6:喹啉-6-基;QUI7:喹啉-7-基;QUI8:喹啉-8-基;ISOQUI2:異喹啉-2-基;ISOQUI3:異喹啉-3-基;ISOQUI4:異喹啉-4-基;ISOQUI5:異喹啉-5-基;ISOQUI6:異喹啉-6-基;ISOQUI7:異喹啉-7-基;ISOQUI8:異喹啉-8-基;NAPH1:萘-1-基;NAPH2:萘-2-基;NAPH3:萘-3-基;NAPH4:萘-4-基;NAPH5:萘-5-基;TEA:三乙胺;Sal:附加鹽;HCl:鹽酸鹽;oxal:草酸鹽;fum:富馬酸鹽;p-tol:p-甲苯磺酸鹽。
於含有第三丁基-4-(羥甲基)哌定-1-羧酸酯(1.57g)與三苯基膦(1.70g)之THF(15ml)溶液中,以0℃滴定含苯酚(471mg)與二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(2.83g、40% Tol溶液)之THF(10ml)溶液,並於室溫下攪拌24小時。於反應溶液中加入水(40ml),並以EtOAc萃取,依序以1M氫氧化鈉水溶液、飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,並以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=4:1(V/V))純化殘留物,獲得無色油狀物(1.14g)。使所得化合物溶解於EtOAc中,加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(9.6ml),以室溫攪拌5小時,而獲得無色粉末之4-(苯氧基甲基)哌定鹽酸鹽(680mg)。
與參考例1相同地製得參考例2~27之化合物。
於含有3-溴苯并醯胺(3.0g)與(3-羥基苯基)硼酸(2.27g)之二甲氧基乙烷(50ml)溶液中,依序添加水(10ml)、碳酸鈉(4.76g)、肆三苯基膦鈀(866mg)後,以60℃加熱24小時。反應溶液冷卻後,以EtOAc稀釋,再水洗有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,並以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;EtOAc)純化殘留物,取得淡黃色粉末(2.74g)。使用所得化合物,與參考例1相同地製得參考例28之化合物。
於含有第三丁基-4-羥基哌啶-1-羧酸酯(12g)與三苯基膦(16g)之THF(80ml)溶液中,以0℃滴定含有4-(芐氧基)酚(8.0g)與二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(26ml、40%Tol溶液)之THF(80ml)溶液,並以室溫攪拌24小時。於反應溶液中加入水(40ml),再以EtOAc萃取,將有機層以1M氫氧化鈉水溶液、飽和食鹽水依序洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,並以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=8:1(V/V))純化殘留物,獲得無色油狀物(12.4g)。
將於含有所得化合物(5.18g)之乙醇(100ml)溶液中添加10%鈀-碳(催化劑量),於氫氣氛圍下,以常溫常壓攪拌16小時。濾除催化劑,將所得濾液減壓濃縮,而製得淡褐色固體(4.0g)。
於含所得化合物(4.0g)之乙腈(100ml)溶液中,添加1-(溴甲基)-3-氟苯(2.5ml)與碳酸鉀(2.8g),並以80℃加熱22小時。濾除固態物後,將所得濾液減壓濃縮,並以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=8:1(V/V))純化殘留物,獲得無色固體(5.15g)。
使所得化合物(5.15g)溶解於EtOAc(20ml)中,加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(20ml),以室溫攪拌5小時後,減壓餾除溶劑。使殘留物溶解於水,並以1M氫氧化鈉水溶液中和,將取得之固體乾燥,而製得4-(4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶(3.70g)。
與參考例29相同地,製得參考例30~36之化合物。
於含有第三丁基-4-羥基哌啶-1-羧酸酯(4.6g)、三苯基膦(6.1g)及6-氯-2-吡啶醇(2.0g)之THF(30ml)溶液中,以0℃滴定二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(11ml、40%Tol溶液),於室溫下攪拌24小時。於反應溶液中加入水,以EtOAc萃取,再以1M氫氧化鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=10:1(V/V))純化殘留物,可製得第三丁基4-[(6-氯-2-吡啶基)氧基]-1-哌啶羧酸酯(3.8g)。
於含有第三丁基4-[(6-氯-2-吡啶基)氧基]-1-哌啶羧酸酯(500mg)之DMF(5ml)溶液中,添加(3-氟苯基)甲醇(220mg)與第三丁氧基鉀(200mg),並以100℃加熱30分鐘後,更加入(3-氟苯基)甲醇(220mg)與第三丁氧基鉀(200mg),以110℃加熱30分鐘。於反應溶液中加入水,並以EtOAc萃取,以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑後,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=10:1(V/V))純化殘留物,取得白色固體(420mg)。
將所得化合物(400mg)溶解於EtOAc(5ml),加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(3ml),以室溫攪拌一夜。濾取析出之固體,並以EtOAc洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,而製得2-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]-6-(4-哌啶氧基)吡啶鹽酸鹽(310mg)。
與參考例37同樣地,製得參考例38之化合物。
於含有4-[(6-氯-2-吡啶基)氧基]-1-哌啶羧酸第三丁酯(500mg)與[3-(胺基羰基)苯基]硼酸(320mg)之Tol(10ml)溶液中,依序加入水(4ml)、碳酸鈉(610mg)、肆三苯基膦鈀(110mg)後,以100℃加熱一夜。冷卻反應溶液後,以EtOAc稀釋,再以無水碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:2(V/V))純化殘留物,取得淡黃色粉末(590mg)。
將所得化合物(590mg)溶解於EtOAc(5ml)中,加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(5ml),以室溫攪拌一夜。濾取析出之固體,並以EtOAc洗淨後,置於減壓下乾燥,而獲得3-[6-(4-哌啶基氧基)-2-吡啶基]苯并醯胺鹽酸鹽(440mg)。
於含有第三丁基-4-(2-羥基乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯(5.0g)之二氯甲烷(80ml)溶液中,以0℃滴定TEA(4.6ml)與甲磺醯基氯(2.0ml),並以室溫攪拌3小時。於反應溶液中加入碳酸氫鈉水溶液與甲醇,以室溫攪拌30分鐘。再以氯仿萃取,以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。再減壓餾除溶劑,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=10:1(V/V))純化殘留物,取得無色固體(6.1g)。
於含所得化合物(2.0g)與苯基丙醇(1.3g)之DMF(80ml)溶液中,以0℃添加氫化鈉(541mg、60% in oil),再以100℃加熱20小時。冷卻反應溶液後,加入水,以EtOAc萃取。再以1M鹽酸水溶液、飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液、飽和食鹽水依序洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑後,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=20:1(V/V))純化殘留物,而取得黃色油狀物(1.96g)。
將所得化合物(1.96g)溶解於EtOAc(5ml),再加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(10ml),於室溫下攪拌2時間。濾取獲得之固體並乾燥,而取得4-[2-(3-苯基丙氧基)乙基]哌啶鹽酸鹽(1.55g)。
於含有第三丁基-4-羥基哌啶-1-羧酸酯(3.02g)之THF(40ml)溶液中,以0℃滴定TEA(2.30ml)與甲磺醯基氯(1.22ml),並於室溫下攪拌1小時。於反應溶液中加入EtOAc(50ml)與水(50ml),依序以5%檸檬酸水溶液、飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液、飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑後,取得淡橘色油狀物。將所得油狀物溶解於DMA(25ml),添加碳酸銫(5.38g)與4-硫烷基酚(1.89g),以50℃加熱2小時。冷卻反應溶液後,加入水,再以EtOAc萃取。依序以1M鹽酸水溶液、飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=4:1(V/V))純化殘留物,取得無色粉末之第三丁基-4-[(4-羥基苯基)硫烷基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯(3.40g)。
於含有第三丁基-4-[(4-羥基苯基)硫烷基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯(1.00g)之乙腈(15ml)溶液中,添加1-(溴甲基)-3-氟苯(0.436ml)與碳酸鉀(670mg),再以80℃加熱2小時。使反應溶液冷卻後,加入飽和食鹽水,再以氯仿萃取。以無水硫酸鈉乾燥有機層,再減壓餾除溶劑,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=8:1(V/V))純化所得殘留物,而取得無色粉末之第三丁基-4-((4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯基}硫烷基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯(1.50g)。
使第三丁基-4-((4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯基}硫烷基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯(501mg)溶解於EtOAc(5ml),再加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(3ml),以室溫攪拌3小時後,減壓餾除溶劑。使殘留物溶解於水,並以1M氫氧化鈉水溶液中和後,以氯仿萃取。以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,再以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,減壓餾除溶劑,取得4-((4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯基}硫烷基)哌啶(328mg)。
與參考例41相同地製得參考例42。
於含有以參考例41之方法獲得之第三丁基-4-((4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯基}硫烷基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯(1.50g)的氯仿(20ml)溶液中,以0℃添加mCPBA(1.64g),再以室溫攪拌17小時。過濾固態物後,將10%硫酸鈉水溶液加入濾液,再以氯仿萃取。以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=2:1(V/V))純化殘留物,獲得無色粉末(1.58g)。再使所得粉末(1.56g)溶解於EtOAc(10ml)中,加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(8ml),以室溫攪拌2小時後,濾取固態物,以EtOAc洗淨,而製得無色粉末之4-({4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯基}硫醯基)哌啶鹽酸鹽(1.13g)。
與參考例43同樣地製得參考例44~46。
於含有環己基甲醇與三苯基膦(629mg)之THF(5ml)溶液中,以0℃滴定參考例41之方法所得之第三丁基-4-[(4-羥基苯基)硫烷基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯(495mg)與二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(1.04g、40%Tol溶液)的THF(5ml)溶液,再以室溫攪拌24小時。於反應溶液中加入水(40ml),再以EtOAc萃取,並依序以1M氫氧化鈉水溶液、飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑後,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=9:1(V/V))純化殘留物,製得淡黃色油狀物之第三丁基-4-{[4-(環己基甲氧基)苯基]硫醯基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯(744mg)。
使所得第三丁基-4-{[4-(環己基甲氧基)苯基]硫醯基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯(635mg)溶解於EtOAc(7ml)中,加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(3.6ml),以室溫攪拌6小時後,濾取固態物,並以EtOAc洗淨,而獲得無色粉末之4-{[4-(環己基甲氧基)苯基]硫醯基}哌啶鹽酸鹽(485mg)。
與參考例47同樣地製得參考例48。
於含有第三丁基-4-羥基哌啶-1-羧酸酯(1.5g)之THF(40ml)溶液中,添加氫化鈉(355mg、60% in oil)與芐基溴(1.0ml),以60℃加熱13小時。使反應溶液冷卻後,加入水,並以EtOAc萃取。依序以1M鹽酸水溶液、飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液、飽和食鹽水洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=10:1(V/V))純化殘留物,而取得無色油狀物(1.91g)。
使所得化合物(1.8g)溶解於EtOAc(5ml),再加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(15ml),以室溫攪拌3小時。以異丙基醚稀釋反應溶液,並濾取獲得之固體,乾燥後取得4-(芐基氧基)哌啶鹽酸鹽(1.32g)。
與參考例49同樣地製得參考例50~53之化合物。
於含有(3-氟苯基)甲醇(730mg)、三苯基膦(1.5g)、6-氯-3-吡啶醇(500mg)之THF(10ml)溶液中,以0℃滴定二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(2.6ml、40%Tol溶液),並以室溫攪拌24小時。以EtOAc稀釋反應溶液,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,並以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=8:1(V/V))純化殘留物,而取得白色固體(810mg)。
於含有所得白色固體(800mg)之DMF(10m1)溶液中,加入第三丁基-4-羥基哌啶-1-羧酸酯(1.0g)與第三丁氧基鉀(570mg),以130℃加熱1小時後,加入第三丁氧基鉀(400mg),更以130℃加熱1小時。使反應溶液冷卻至室溫後,以EtOAc稀釋,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=7:1(V/V))純化殘留物,而製得白色固體(350mg)。
使所得化合物(345mg)溶解於EtOAc(3ml)中,再加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(2ml),以室溫攪拌-夜。濾取析出之固體,再以EtOAc洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,而取得6-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]-2-(4-哌啶氧基)吡啶鹽酸鹽(260mg)。
使[1-(第三丁氧基羰基)哌啶-4-基]乙酸(0.60g)溶解於二甲基甲醯胺(12ml)中,再加入1-[3-(二甲基胺基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(0.89g)、1-羥基苯并三唑(0.50g)及芐基胺(0.40g),以室溫攪拌混合15小時。於反應溶液中加入水,更攪拌1小時後,立刻加入EtOAc與碳酸氫鈉溶液並分液,以0.5M鹽酸、飽和食鹽水依序洗淨有機層。再以無水硫酸鎂乾燥有機層後,減壓餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:2(V/V))純化殘留物,而製得無色粉末(0.69g)。
使所得化合物(0.69g)溶解於EtOAc(10ml)中,再加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(2.2ml),以室溫攪拌20小時。使反應溶液濃縮乾涸,而製得N-芐基-2-哌啶-4-基乙醯胺鹽酸鹽(0.62g)。
以150℃加熱磷酸(7ml)與五氧化二磷(14g)30分鐘,加入N-甲基苯-1,2-二胺(1.3g)與4-哌啶-4-基丁酸鹽酸鹽(1.5g),以120℃加熱3小時。再將反應溶液注入水中,以氫氧化鈉水溶液中和後,再以氯仿萃取。以無水硫酸鎂乾燥有機層後,減壓餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇:氨水=10:1:0.1(V/V))純化殘留物,而取得1-甲基-2-(3-哌啶-4-基丙基)-1H-苯并咪唑(1.61g)。
於含有[4-(甲氧基羰基)芐基](三苯基)鏻溴(7.51g)之THF(30ml)溶液中,以0℃添加第三丁氧基鉀(1.72g),並攪拌1小時。於反應溶液中,以0℃滴定含4-甲醯基哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁基酯(Beilstein Registry No.7704210、2.96g)之THF(20ml)溶液,再攪拌14小時。於反應溶液中加入水,再以EtOAc萃取。以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,再以無水硫酸鈉乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=9:1(V/V))純化殘留物,而取得黃色油狀物(3.77g)。
使所得化合物(3.75g)溶解於甲醇(20ml)與THF(10ml),再添加1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(16.3ml),以50℃加熱4小時。使反應溶液冷卻後,減壓餾除溶劑。加入1M鹽酸鹽成為酸性,再濾取固形物,以水洗淨,而獲得淡褐色粉末(2.82g)。
於含有所得化合物(2.80g)之DMF(30ml)溶液中,添加氯化銨(2.26g)、1-乙基-3-(二甲基胺基丙基)碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(3.24g)、1-羥基苯并三唑(1.14g)及TEA(5.88ml),以室溫攪拌32小時。於反應溶液中加入水,濾取析出之固形物,再以水洗淨,而取得淡褐色粉末(2.61g)。
使所得化合物(2.58g)溶解於EtOAc(15ml)中,再加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(15ml),以室溫攪拌8小時。再濾取所得固體,以EtOAc洗淨後乾燥,製得4-[(E)-2-哌啶-4-基乙烯基]苯并醯胺鹽酸鹽(1.92g)(參考例57)
於含有4-[(E)-2-哌啶-4-基乙烯基]苯并醯胺鹽酸鹽(800mg)之甲醇(15ml)-水(5ml)溶液中,添加10%鈀-碳(催化劑量),於氫氣氛圍下以常溫常壓攪拌4小時。濾除催化劑,並減壓濃縮所得濾液。使所得固體物從乙醇-乙腈再結晶,而製得4-(2-哌啶-4-基乙基)苯并醯胺鹽酸鹽(451mg)(參考例58)。
於含有第三丁基4-(4-胺基苯氧基)-1-哌啶羧酸酯(2.0g:Beilstein Registry No.9262581)、環己烷碳醛(770mg)及乙酸1.25g之二氯甲烷(30ml)溶液中,以0℃加入氫化三乙醯氧基硼鈉(2.2g),再以室溫攪拌2小時。於反應溶液中加入飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液,再以氯仿萃取,以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,再以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,使所得固態物於EtOAc己烷中再結晶,而取得淡褐色結晶(2.0g)。
於含有所得結晶(970mg)、37%甲醛水溶液(0.94ml)及乙酸0.75之二氯甲烷(20ml)溶液中,以0℃加入氫化三乙醯氧基硼鈉(1.1g),並以室溫攪拌2小時。於反應溶液中添加飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液,再以氯仿萃取,以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,使所得油狀物溶解於EtOAc(15ml)中,再加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(5ml),以室溫攪拌一夜。濾取析出之固體,再以EtOAc洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,而製得N-(環己基甲基)-N-甲基-4-(4-哌啶氧基)苯胺2鹽酸鹽(820mg)。
於含有芐基3-碘苯基醚(1.1g)、第三丁基1-哌羧酸酯(640mg)、第三丁氧基鈉(500mg)及2-聯苯基(二環己基)膦(70mg)之Tol(10ml)溶液中,於氬氣流下加入參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(95mg),以80℃加熱1小時。使反應溶液冷卻後,以EtOAc稀釋,再以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=5:1(V/V))純化殘留物,取得褐色固體(950mg)。
使所得固體(940mg)溶解於EtOAc(5ml)中,再加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(5ml),以室溫攪拌一夜。濾取析出之固體,並以EtOAc洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,製得1-[3-(芐基氧基)苯基]哌2鹽酸鹽(840mg)。
於含有4-(芐基氧基)-2-氯酚(1.7g:Beilstein Registry No. 6582932)、三苯基膦(2.8g)、第三丁基-4-羥基哌啶-1-羧酸酯(2.1g)之THF(60ml)溶液中,以0℃滴定二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(4.8ml、40%Tol溶液),再以室溫攪拌24小時。以EtOAc稀釋反應溶液,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑後,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=5:1(V/V))純化殘留物,取得白色固體(2.3g)。
使所得化合物(1.0g)溶解於EtOAc(10ml),再加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(10ml),並以室溫攪拌一夜。濾取析出之固體,再以EtOAc洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,而製得4-[4-(芐基氧基)-2-氯苯氧基]哌啶鹽酸鹽(690mg)。
於4-羥基苯磺酸鈉鹽(1.00g)之DMF(5ml)溶液中滴定亞硫醯氯(10ml)後,以65℃加熱3小時。使反應溶液冷卻後,加入Tol(10ml),減壓餾除溶劑後,加入水並以氯仿萃取,再以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。再減壓餾除溶劑,而取得無色固體(587mg)。
於含有1-第三丁氧基羰基哌(672mg)與吡啶(0.58ml)之乙腈(10ml)溶液中,以0℃添加先前獲得之化合物(579mg)的乙腈(10ml)溶液,再以室溫攪拌2小時。減壓餾除溶劑後,加入Tol(10ml)共沸後,加入水並以EtOAc萃取,再以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,而製得無色固體(0.41g)。
於含有所得化合物(0.41g)及1-(溴甲基)-3-氟苯(340mg)之乙腈(20ml)溶液中,添加碳酸鉀(248mg),並以80℃加熱3小時。濾除固態物後,減壓濃縮所得濾液,並以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=5:1(V/V))純化殘留物,而取得無色固體(469mg)。
使所得化合物(460mg)溶解於EtOAc(5ml)與THF(5ml)之混合溶液中,再加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(20ml),以70℃攪拌3小時後,減壓餾除溶劑。使殘留物溶解於水中,並以1M氫氧化鈉水溶液中和,乾燥所得固體,而取得4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯磺醯基}哌(304mg)。
於含有4-(芐基氧基)-3-氯酚(1.2g:Beilstein Registry No. 5527577)、三苯基膦(1.9g)、第三丁基-4-羥基哌啶-1-羧酸酯(1.5g)之THF(30ml)溶液中,以0℃滴定二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(3.3ml、40%Tol溶液),以室溫攪拌24小時間。以EtOAc稀釋反應溶液,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。再減壓餾除溶劑,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=5:1(V/V))純化殘留物,取得白色固體(1.7g)。
使所得化合物(1.6g)溶解於EtOAc(20ml),再加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(15ml),以室溫攪拌一夜。濾取析出之固體,再以EtOAc洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,而製得4-[4-(芐基氧基)-3-氯苯氧基]哌啶鹽酸鹽(1.3g)。
於含第三丁基4-(4-胺基苯氧基)-1-哌啶羧酸酯(4.0g:Beilstein Registry No. 9262581)之吡啶(30ml)溶液中,以0℃加入3-氟苯磺醯基氯(3.2g),並以室溫攪拌一夜。減壓餾除溶劑後,以氯仿稀釋,再以10%檸檬酸水溶液、水、飽和食鹽水依序洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,並以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=60:1(V/V))純化殘留物,而取得白色固態物(5.3g)。
於含有所得化合物(700mg)之乙腈(10ml)溶液中,加入碳酸鉀(280mg)及甲基碘(0.28ml),以50℃攪拌3小時。以EtOAc稀釋反應溶液,再以水、飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑後,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=3:1(V/V))純化殘留物,取得無色油狀物(700mg)。
使所得油狀物(700mg)溶解於EtOAc(10ml),再加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(5ml),並以室溫攪拌一夜。濾取析出之固體,以EtOAc洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,而製得3-氟-N-甲基-N-[4-(4-哌啶氧基)苯基]苯碸醯胺鹽酸鹽(480mg)。
於含有1-[(芐基氧基)羰基]-4-(第三丁氧基羰基)-2-哌啶羧酸(1.0g)之DMF(10ml)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(二甲基胺基丙基)碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(630mg)、1-羥基苯并三唑(440mg),並以室溫攪拌1小時後,加入濃氨水(2ml)以室溫攪拌3小時。於反應溶液中加水,濾取析出之固體,並以水洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥之,而製得無色固態物(870mg)。
使所得固態物(860mg)溶解於EtOAc(10ml)中,加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(5ml),以室溫攪拌一夜。濾取析出之固體,再以EtOAc洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,而製得芐基2-(胺基羰基)-1-哌羧酸酯鹽酸鹽(700mg)。
於含有甲基4-(羥基甲基)苯甲酸酯之乙腈(20ml)溶液中,以0℃添加吡啶(1.62ml)與4-硝基苯基氯碳酸酯(2.22g),以室溫攪拌2小時。於反應溶液中加入5%檸檬酸水溶液,並以EtOAc萃取,再依序以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液、飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=4:1(V/V))純化殘留物,取得淡褐色粉末(2.39g)。
於含有所得化合物(2.37g)之乙腈(30ml)溶液中,添加第三丁基-哌-1-羧酸酯(1.47g),以室溫攪拌8小時。以EtOAc稀釋反應溶液,再以0.5M氫氧化鈉水溶液洗淨。以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥之,再減壓餾除溶劑。以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=2:1(V/V))純化所得殘留物,製得無色固體(3.32g)。
於含有所得化合物(3.30g)之THF(30ml)溶液中,加入甲醇(0.34ml)與1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(8.52ml),以室溫攪拌26小時。減壓餾除溶劑後,於殘留物中添加1M鹽酸水溶液,並以氯仿萃取。以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,再減壓餾除溶劑。使所得殘留物以己烷-EtOAc再結晶,取得無色粉末(2.37g)。
於含有所得化合物(729mg)之DMF(10ml)溶液中,添加氯化銨(321mg)、1-乙基-3-(二甲基胺基丙基)碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(767mg)、1-羥基苯并三唑(270mg)及TEA(0.83ml),並以室溫攪拌3小時。於反應溶液中加入水,濾取析出之固態物,以水洗淨,而製得淡褐色粉末(722mg)。
使所得化合物(700mg)溶解於EtOAc(6ml)中,加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(4.8ml),再以室溫攪拌3小時。濾取所得固體,以EtOAc洗淨後乾燥,製得4-(胺基羰基)芐基哌-1-羧酸酯鹽酸鹽(541mg)。
於含有環己基甲醇(510mg)與三苯基膦(1.18g)之THF(5ml)溶液中,以0℃滴定4-羥基苯甲酸甲酯(460mg)與二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(0.71ml)之THF(5ml)溶液,並以室溫攪拌24小時。於反應溶液中加入1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(40ml)並以EtOAc萃取,再以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=4:1(V/V))純化殘留物,取得無色固態物(930mg)。
於含有所得化合物(920mg)之甲醇(5ml)-THF(3ml)溶液中加入1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(4.4ml),以50℃攪拌6小時。冷卻至室溫,加入EtOAc(40ml)及水(30ml)並攪拌後,以1M氫氧化鈉水溶液萃取有機層。配合水層使用濃鹽酸使pH為1後,使用氯仿萃取水層,再以無水硫酸鈉乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,並以己烷-EtOAc使殘留物再結晶,製得4-(環己基甲氧基)苯甲酸(600mg)。
於含有所得化合物(370mg)、第三丁基1-哌羧酸酯(350mg)之DMF(10ml)溶液中添加1-乙基-3-(二甲基胺基丙基)碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(359mg)、1-羥基苯并三唑(254mg),以室溫攪拌12小時。於反應溶液加入水,濾取析出之固體,並以水洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,而製得無色固態物(610mg)。
使所得化合物(600mg)溶解於EtOAc(6ml),再加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(4ml),以室溫攪拌整夜。濾取析出之固體,以EtOAc洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,而製得1-[4-(環己基甲氧基)苯甲醯基]哌鹽酸鹽(580mg)。
與參考例67同樣地製得參考例68~72之化合物。
於2M二甲基胺-THF溶液(11.6ml)中,以-70℃添加1.59M正丁基鋰-THF溶液(14.6ml),並攪拌10分鐘。昇溫至0℃,再添加3-氯-5-羥基吡啶(1.00g),以室溫攪拌一晚。加入乙醇(15ml)後,減壓餾除溶劑。於殘留物中加入水,並以氯仿萃取,以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=10:1(V/V))純化殘留物,而製得3-二甲基胺基-5-羥基吡啶(176mg)。
於含有3-芐氧基-5-溴吡啶(400mg)與嗎福啉(158mg)之Tol(10ml)溶液中,依序添加參二亞苄基丙酮二鈀(21mg)、2,2’-雙(二苯基膦基)-1,1’-二萘基(124mg)及第三丁氧基鈉(160mg)後,以85℃加熱4小時。減壓餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=20:1(V/V))純化殘留物,取得無色油狀物(372mg)。
於含有所得化合物(370mg)之乙醇(20ml)溶液中添加10%鈀-碳(催化劑量),於氫氣氛圍下,以常溫常壓攪拌1.5小時。濾除催化劑,減壓濃縮所得濾液,而製得5-羥基-3-嗎福啉基吡啶(248mg)。
與參考例74同樣地製得參考例75~76之化合物。
於含有5-(苯磺醯基氧基)-2-(溴甲基)吡啶(Beilstein Registry No.7430370、800mg)之甲醇(20ml)溶液中,添加甲氧基鈉(393mg),並以室溫攪拌4小時。於反應溶液中加入水,以EtOAc萃取,再以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;EtOAc)純化殘留物,而製得6-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶-3-醇(200mg)。
於3-芐氧基-5-胺基吡啶(250mg)之THF(10ml)溶液中,依序添加TEA(0.21ml)、二第三丁基二碳酸酯(463mg)後,以60℃加熱3小時。減壓餾除溶劑後,加入水,以EtOAc萃取,再依序以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液、飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:1(V/V))純化殘留物,製得無色固體(153mg)。
於含有所得化合物(240mg)之乙醇(20ml)溶液中添加10%鈀-碳(催化劑量),於氫氣氛圍下,以常溫常壓攪拌15小時。濾除催化劑,減壓濃縮所得濾液,而製得第三丁基(5-羥基吡啶-3-基)胺基甲酸酯(167mg)。
於二乙基膦基乙酸甲酯(732mg)之THF(10ml)懸濁液中,以0℃加入氫化鈉(60%油混合物,139mg)之THF(10ml)溶液攪拌15分鐘後,添加5-(芐氧基)菸鹼醛(495mg),並以常溫攪拌4小時。於反應溶液中加入水,以EtOAc萃取,再以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,而製得無色固體(680mg)。
於含有所得化合物(330mg)之乙醇(20ml)溶液中添加10%鈀-碳(催化劑量),於氫氣氛圍下,以常溫常壓攪拌2小時。濾除催化劑,並將所得濾液減壓濃縮,而取得3-(5-羥基吡啶-3-基)丙酸甲酯(150mg)。
於氫化鋰鋁(1.49g)之THF(100ml)懸濁液中,以-78度加入5-(芐氧基)菸酸甲酯(3.52g)之THF(30ml)溶液,攪拌15分鐘後,以常溫攪拌2小時。再使反應溶液冷卻至0度後,依序添加水(1.49ml)、15% 氫氧化鈉水溶液(1.49ml)、水(4.47ml)。濾除固態物後,使所得濾液減壓濃縮,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=10:1(V/V))純化殘留物,製得無色固體(1.41g)。
於含有所得化合物(450mg)之苯(20ml)溶液中,依序添加第三丁基溴乙酸酯(609mg)、四丁基銨氫硫酸酯(35mg)、50%氫氧化鈉水溶液(2ml),以室溫攪拌一晚。再以1M鹽酸水溶液中和,以EtOAc萃取,並以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=6:4(V/V))純化殘留物,而製得無色油狀物(576mg)。
於含所得化合物(570mg)之乙醇(20ml)溶液中添加10%鈀-碳(催化劑量),於氫氣氛圍下,以常溫常壓攪拌1小時。濾除催化劑,使所得濾液減壓濃縮,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=15:1(V/V))純化殘留物,製得第三丁基[(5-羥基吡啶-3-基)甲氧基]乙酸酯(400mg)。
於含有甲基(2E)-3-[5-(芐氧基)吡啶-3-基]丙烯酸酯(300mg)之TFA(10ml)溶液中,添加五甲基苯(826mg),以60℃攪拌一晚。減壓餾除溶劑,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=10:1(V/V))純化殘留物,而製得第三丁基(5-羥基吡啶-3-基)乙酸酯(180mg)。
於甲基3-羥基菸酸酯(1.50g)之THF(60ml)溶液中,依序添加二異丙基乙基胺(2.05ml)、甲氧基甲基氯(0.89m1)後,以室溫攪拌一晚。減壓餾除溶劑後,加入水並以氯仿萃取,再以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,而製得無色油狀物(2.01g)。
於氫化鋰鋁(838mg)之THF(50ml)懸濁液中,以-78度加入所得化合物(1.98g)之THF(20ml)溶液,再攪拌30分鐘後,以常溫攪拌2小時。使反應溶液冷卻至0度後,依序添加水(0.84ml)、15%氫氧化鈉水溶液(0.84ml)及水(2.52ml)。濾除固態物後,減壓濃縮所得濾液,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;EtOAc)純化殘留物,而製得無色油狀物(838mg)。
於含有所得化合物(828mg)之吡啶(10ml)溶液中,添加無水乙酸(1.39ml),以室溫攪拌15小時。減壓餾除溶劑後,加入Tol(10ml)共沸,取得無色油狀物(1.01g)。
於含所得化合物(1.01g)之二噁烷(10ml)溶液中,加入4M氯化氫-二噁烷溶液(3.58ml),以室溫攪拌1小時。減壓餾除溶劑,而製得(5-羥基吡啶-3-基)甲基乙酸酯之鹽酸鹽(973mg)。
於3-氰基芐基溴(2.0g)之Tol(50ml)溶液中加入三苯基膦(2.8g),以80℃攪拌5小時。冷卻至室溫後,過濾析出之結晶,並以Tol洗淨。於減壓下乾燥,而製得(3-氰基芐基)(三苯基)鏻溴(3.4g)。
於(3-氰基芐基)(三苯基)鏻溴(1.6g)、第三丁基4-甲醯基-1-哌啶羧酸酯(0.75g)之DMF(20ml)溶液中,冰冷下加入氫化鈉(60%油狀物、141mg),以室溫攪拌一夜。以EtOAc稀釋反應液,以水洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。餾除溶劑,使所得殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=6:1(V/V)純化,取得油狀物。於所得油狀物之EtOAc(30ml)溶液中加入10%鈀-碳(100mg),於氫氣流下攪拌2小時。使用矽藻土除去催化劑,濃縮溶劑而取得油狀物。使所得油狀物溶解於EtOAc(10ml)中,加入4M鹽酸-EtOAc溶液(5ml),以室溫攪拌6小時後濃縮。以醚洗淨所得固體後,減壓下乾燥,製得3-[2-(4-哌啶)乙基]苯腈鹽酸鹽(506mg)。
與參考例95同樣地製得參考例96~101之化合物。
於3-溴甲基苯甲酸甲酯(50.0g)之Tol(400ml)溶液中加入三苯基膦(85.8g),以80℃攪拌10小時。冷卻至室溫後,過濾析出之結晶,並以Tol洗淨。減壓下乾燥,獲得(3-甲氧基羰基芐基)(三苯基)鏻溴(107.6g)。
於(3-甲氧基羰基芐基)(三苯基)鏻溴(84.6g)之DMF(250ml)溶液中,冰冷下加入第三丁氧基鉀(22.5g),以室溫攪拌30分鐘後,於冰冷下加入第三丁基4-甲醯基-1-哌啶羧酸酯(30.6g)之DMF(50ml)溶液,以室溫攪拌整夜。於反應液中加入乙酸(11.5ml),再以室溫攪拌1小時後,以EtOAc稀釋,並以水、飽和食鹽水洗淨後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥。餾除溶劑,使所得殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=7:1(V/V)純化。使殘渣溶於EtOAc,加入活性碳,以室溫攪拌2小時。再使用矽藻土除去活性碳,並減壓餾除溶劑,取得無色油狀物。
於所得油狀物之EtOAc(400ml)溶液中加入10%鈀-碳(4.58g),於氫氣流下攪拌2小時。使用矽藻土除去催化劑,並濃縮溶劑,而製得第三丁基4-{2-[3-(甲氧基羰基)苯基]乙基}-1-哌啶羧酸酯(45.4g)。
與參考例102同樣地製得參考例103之化合物。
於第三丁基4-{2-[3-(甲氧基羰基)苯基]乙基}-1-哌啶羧酸酯(45.4g)之THF(200ml)、甲醇(50ml)混合溶液中,添加1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(196ml),並以60℃攪拌2小時。減壓餾除有機溶劑,再於冰冷下對殘渣加入0.5M鹽酸(400ml)。以EtOAc稀釋反應液,再以水、飽和食鹽水洗淨後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥。餾除溶劑後,取得3-{2-[1-(第三丁氧基羰基)-4-哌啶]乙基}苯甲酸(43.5g)。
與參考例104同樣地製得參考例105之化合物。
使3-{2-[1-(第三丁氧基羰基)-4-哌啶基]乙基}苯甲酸(17.8g)溶解於DMF(200ml),加入1-[3-(二甲基胺基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(15.4g)及1-羥基苯并三唑(10.8g),並以室溫攪拌2小時。於反應液中加入氯化銨(8.57g)、TEA(22.3ml),以室溫攪拌整夜。於反應液中加入飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液,再過濾析出之結晶使其乾燥,而製得第三丁基4-{2-[3-(胺基羰基)苯基]乙基}-1-哌啶羧酸酯(10.8g)。
與參考例106同樣地製得參考例107~118之化合物。
使4-[2-(4-{[(2-羥基乙基)胺基]羰基}苯基)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁基酯(280mg)、四溴化碳(247mg)、2,6-盧剔啶(103μl)溶解於二氯甲烷(5.6ml)中,冰冷下加入苯基膦(195mg),並以室溫攪拌3小時。減壓餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=3:7(V/V)純化殘渣,而製得無色油狀物之4-{2-[4-(1-吖丙啶基羰基)苯基]乙基}-1-哌啶羧酸第三丁基酯(136mg)。
使第三丁基4-{2-[3-(胺基羰基)苯基]乙基}-1-哌啶羧酸酯(13.8g)溶解於EtOAc(200ml),加入4M鹽酸-EtOAc溶液(130ml),以室溫攪拌4小時後濃縮之。於所得殘渣中加入乙腈加熱,濾取析出之結晶,並以EtOAc洗淨後,使其於減壓下乾燥,製得3-[2-(4-哌啶基)乙基]苯并醯胺鹽酸鹽(11.2g)。
與參考例120同樣地製得參考例121~139之化合物。
於氬氣流下,於第三丁基4-[2-(3-溴苯基)乙基]-1-哌啶羧酸酯(0.50g)與苯基硼酸(0.20g)之Tol(6ml)-水(2ml)溶液中,加入碳酸鈉(0.43g)及肆(三苯基膦)鈀(80mg),以100℃加熱攪拌7小時。回復室溫後以EtOAc稀釋,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨。以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後,餾除溶劑,使所得殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=10:1(V/V)純化,而製得第三丁基4-[2-(3-聯苯基)乙基]-1-哌啶羧酸酯(0.41g)。
於第三丁基4-[2-(3-聯苯基)乙基]-1-哌啶羧酸酯(0.41g)之EtOAc(4ml)溶液中加入4M鹽酸/EtOAc(1.5ml)並以室溫攪拌整夜。濾取析出之結晶,並以EtOAc己烷洗淨後於減壓下乾燥,而製得4-[2-(3-聯苯基)乙基]哌啶鹽酸鹽(0.31g)。
與參考例140同樣地製得參考例141~142之化合物。
於4,4’-(1,3-丙烷二基)二哌啶(5.0g)之二氯甲烷(50ml)溶液中,冰冷下加入二第三丁基二碳酸酯(2.6g),以室溫攪拌整夜。以氯仿稀釋反應液,並以飽和食鹽水洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。餾除溶劑,使所得殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇:濃氨水=4:1:0.1(V/V))純化,製得第三丁基4-[3-(4-哌啶基)丙基]-1-哌啶羧酸酯(2.2g)。
於氬氛圍下,於2-氯-6-甲基吡啶(0.56g)與第三丁基4-[3-(4-哌啶基)丙基]-1-哌啶羧酸酯(1.1g)之Tol(22ml)溶液中加入第三丁氧基鈉(0.52g)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(100mg)、2-(二環己基膦基)聯苯基(76mg),以100℃加熱攪拌1小時。回復室溫後,以EtOAc稀釋,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨。以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後,餾除溶劑,使所得殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=10:1(V/V))純化,製得第三丁基4-{3-[1-(6-甲基-2-吡啶基)-4-哌啶基]丙基}-1-哌啶羧酸酯(1.3g)。
於第三丁基4-{3-[1-(6-甲基-2-吡啶基)-4-哌啶基]丙基}-1-哌啶羧酸酯(1.3g)之EtOAc(25ml)溶液中加入4M鹽酸-EtOAc(10ml),以室溫攪拌整夜。濃縮反應液,加入2-丙醇-二乙基醚並攪拌。濾取析出之固體後,於減壓下乾燥,而製得2-甲基-6-{4-[3-(4-哌啶基)丙基]-1-哌啶基}吡啶2鹽酸鹽(1.1g)。
與參考例143同樣地製得參考例144~145之化合物。
於第三丁基-4-(3-羥基丙基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯(8.00g)及TEA(4.8mL)之二氯甲烷(200mL)溶液中,以0℃滴定甲磺醯基氯(2.7mL),並以室溫攪拌整夜。以飽和碳酸氫鈉水及飽和食鹽水洗淨反應液,再以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後,餾除溶劑。使殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;EtOAc:己烷=1:3(V/V))純化,而製得第三丁基4-{3-[(甲基磺醯基)氧基]丙基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯(10.1g)。
將第三丁基4-{3-[(甲基磺醯基)氧基]丙基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯(1.00g)、1-哌-1-基異喹啉2鹽酸鹽(980mg)、碳酸銫(1.02g)及碘化鈉(467mg)之DMI(20mL)懸濁液以140℃攪拌1小時。於反應液中加入EtOAc,並以水、飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液依序洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥並餾除溶劑。使殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:1(V/V))純化,製得淡黃色油狀物質之第三丁基4-[3-(4-異喹啉-1-基哌-1-基)丙基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯(1.07g)。
於第三丁基4-[3-(4-異喹啉-1-基哌-1-基)丙基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯(1.44g)之EtOAc(15mL)溶液中滴定4M鹽酸-EtOAc溶液(5.0mL),並攪拌整夜。餾除溶劑後,以EtOAc洗淨固體,濾取後取得白色固體之1-[4-(3-哌啶-4-基丙基)哌-1-基]異喹啉2鹽酸鹽(1.32g)。
與參考例146同樣地製得參考例154之化合物。
於5-羥基菸酸甲基(5.3g)、二異丙基乙基胺(6.1ml)之二氯甲烷(100ml)溶液中添加蟻酸4-硝基苯基氯(7.0g),以室溫攪拌1小時。以水洗淨反應液後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。餾除溶劑,使所得固體以EtOAc己烷洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,而製得甲基5-{[(4-硝基苯氧基)羰基]氧基}菸酸酯(8.4g)。
與參考例147同樣地製得參考例148之化合物。
使3-{2-[1-(第三丁氧基羰基)-4-哌啶基]乙基}苯甲酸(1.25g)、1-[3-(二甲基胺基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(863mg)、1-羥基苯并三唑(608mg)之DMF(15mL)溶液於室溫下攪拌1小時後,加入2-溴乙基胺溴化氫酸鹽(2.30g)之TEA(1.6mL)溶液,更攪拌整夜。於反應液中加入EtOAc及飽和碳酸氫鈉水進行萃取,並以飽和食鹽水洗淨、無水硫酸鎂乾燥後,餾除溶劑而製得第三丁基4-[2-(3-{[(2-溴乙基)胺基]羰基}苯基)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯之粗製物。
於第三丁基4-[2-(3-{[(2-溴乙基)胺基]羰基}苯基)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯粗製物之EtOAc(15mL)溶液中,以室溫加入4M鹽酸-EtOAc溶液(5mL),攪拌整夜。減壓餾除溶劑,以獲得白色固體之N-(2-溴乙基)-3-(2-哌啶-4-基乙基)苯甲醯胺鹽酸鹽(1.27g)。
於N-(2-溴乙基)-3-(2-哌啶-4-基乙基)苯甲醯胺鹽酸鹽(1.20g)、甲基5-{[(4-硝基苯氧基)羰基]氧基}菸酸酯(1.02g)之乙腈(30mL)懸濁液中滴定TEA(0.90mL),於室溫下攪拌整夜。減壓餾除反應溶劑後,加入飽和碳酸氫鈉水,以EtOAc萃取後,再以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。將其過濾並濾除溶劑,以2次二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(鹼性二氧化矽;溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:2(V/V),其次為中性二氧化矽;溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=19:1(V/V))純化殘渣,製得白色粉末之甲基5-[({4-[2-(3-{[(2-溴乙基)胺基]羰基}苯基)乙基]哌啶-1-基}羰基)氧基]菸酸酯(762mg)。
使甲基5-[({4-[2-(3-{[(2-溴乙基)胺基]羰基}苯基)乙基]哌啶-1-基}羰基)氧基]菸酸酯(750mg)、碳酸鉀(300mg)、碘化鉀(361mg)之DMF(10mL)懸濁液以80℃攪拌1小時。放冷反應液後,加入EtOAc,並以飽和碳酸氫鈉水、飽和食鹽水依序洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥並減壓餾除溶劑。使殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=20:1(V/V))純化,而製得無色油狀物質之甲基5-{[(4-{2-[3-(吖丙啶-1-基羰基)苯基]乙基}哌啶-1-基)羰基]氧基}菸酸酯(630mg)。
於3-{2-[1-(第三丁氧基羰基)-4-哌啶基]乙基}苯甲酸(600mg)、TEA(0.3ml)之Tol溶液(10ml)中,冰冷下加入二苯基磷醯基疊氮化物(540mg),以室溫攪拌2小時。於反應溶液中加入EtOAc,並以飽和碳酸氫鈉水、飽和食鹽水洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑後,獲得無色油狀物(630mg)。使該油狀物(400mg)之Tol溶液(10ml)以110℃攪拌1小時。回復室溫後,加入30%氨水溶液(0.2ml),以室溫攪拌15小時。於反應溶液加入EtOAc,依序以1規定量鹽酸水溶液、飽和食鹽水洗淨,再以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,使所得殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=95:5(V/V))純化,而取得第三丁基4-(2-{3-[(胺基羰基)胺基]苯基}乙基)-1-哌啶羧酸酯(227mg)。
於第三丁基4-(2-{3-[(胺基羰基)胺基]苯基}乙基)-1-哌啶羧酸酯(227mg)之EtOAc(9ml)溶液中加入4M鹽酸-EtOAc(4ml),以室溫攪拌3小時。減壓餾除溶劑後,獲得1-{3-[2-(4-哌啶基)乙基]苯基}贓鹽酸鹽(185mg)。
於1-{3-[2-(4-哌啶基)乙基]苯基}脲鹽酸鹽(185mg)及TEA(0.2ml)之乙腈(5ml)溶液中,加入甲基5-{[(4-硝基苯氧基)羰基]氧基}菸酸酯(228mg),以室溫攪拌整夜。再以EtOAc稀釋反應液,並以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液、飽和食鹽水依序洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。餾除溶劑,使所得殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=10:1(V/V))純化,而製得甲基5-({[4-(2-{3-[(胺基羰基)胺基]苯基}乙基)-1-哌啶基]羰基}氧基)菸酸酯(183mg)。
與參考例152同樣地製得參考例153之化合物。
使4-乙炔基哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁基酯(12.5g)、碘化苯(12.8g)溶解於THF:TEA=1:1(V/V)之混合溶劑(125ml)中,依序以室溫加入碘化銅(455mg)、肆三苯基膦鈀錯合物(1.38g),以室溫攪拌整夜。餾除溶劑,再加入EtOAc,依序以1M鹽酸水溶液、水、飽和食鹽水洗淨。以硫酸鎂乾燥後,餾除溶劑,而獲得茶褐色油狀物。使其以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(萃取液;己烷:EtOAc=19:1(V/V))純化,而製得淡褐色油狀物之4-(苯基乙炔基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁基酯(15.5g)。
於4-(苯基乙炔基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁基酯(7.0g)加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(70ml),並以室溫攪拌30分鐘。餾除溶劑後,製得白色粉末之4-(苯基乙炔基)哌啶鹽酸鹽(5.4g)。
於含哌啶-1-羰基氯(745mg)之THF(10ml)溶液中,依序添加3-羥基吡啶(400mg)、TEA(1.17ml)、DMAP(催化劑量)後,以60℃加熱5小時。使反應溶液冷卻後,加入水(3ml),並以EtOAc萃取。水洗萃取液後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。再減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:1(V/V))純化,獲得無色油狀物。令所得油狀物質溶解於乙醇,加入草酸(378mg)之乙醇溶液處理,取得無色粉末。使其從己烷-乙醇再結晶,而製得(吡啶-3-基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯草酸鹽(761mg)。
於含有三光氣(Triphosgene)(590mg)之二氯甲烷(25ml)溶液中,滴定含有3-羥基吡啶(568mg)、吡啶(724μl)之二氯甲烷(20ml)溶液,並以室溫攪拌1小時。減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物溶解於吡啶(30ml)中,再加入參考例22所得化合物(1.2g),以70℃加熱4小時。於減壓下濃縮反應溶液,加入氯仿及碳酸氫鈉水溶液,再以無水硫酸鎂乾燥有機層。減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:2(V/V))純化,獲得無色粉末。使其從己烷-EtOAc再結晶,製得(吡啶-3-基)-4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯(861mg)。
與實施例2同樣地製得實施例3~118、389~391、416、417與參考例83~93之化合物。
於含有三光氣(1.48g)之二氯甲烷(30ml)溶液中滴定含3-羥基吡啶(1.43g)、比定(1.46ml)之二氯甲烷(20ml)溶液,以室溫攪拌1小時。於反應溶液中滴定含第三丁基1-哌羧酸酯(2.0g)、吡啶(0.97ml)之二氯甲烷(5ml)溶液後,加入吡啶(20ml),以70℃加熱4小時。減壓下濃縮反應溶液後,以EtOAc稀釋,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以鹼性二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=4:1(V/V))純化,獲得無色固體(3.0g)。
將所得化合物(3.0g)溶解於EtOAc(20ml)-2-丙醇(10ml)中,加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(10ml),以室溫攪拌整夜。減壓下濃縮反應溶液,使所得固體以EtOAc洗淨後,減壓下乾燥,獲得3-吡啶基1-哌羧酸酯2鹽酸鹽(2.66g)。
將含有所得化合物(190mg)以及參考前述參考例70而從環辛基甲醇合成出之4-(環辛基甲氧基)苯甲酸(176mg)的DMF(5ml)溶液中,加入1-乙基-3-(二甲基胺基丙基)碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(150mg)、1-羥基苯并三唑(110mg)、二異丙基乙基胺(0.23ml)並以室溫攪拌整夜。以EtOAc稀釋反應溶液,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥之。再減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物於EtOAc己烷中再結晶,製得3-吡啶基4-[4-(環辛基甲氧基)苯甲醯基]-1-哌羧酸酯(240mg)。
與實施例119同樣地製得實施例120~136之化合物。
於含有6-氯菸鹼基腈(1.0g)、3-氯芐基醇(1.0g)之DMF(10ml)溶液中加入第三丁氧基鉀(810mg),以室溫攪拌整夜。於反應溶液中加入水並濾取析出之固體,再以水、己烷依序洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,獲得褐色固體(1.3g)。
於含所得化合物(1.3g)之乙醇(10ml)溶液中加入5M氫氧化鈉水溶液(10ml),以100℃攪拌4小時。冷卻至室溫後,再添加1規定量鹽酸(56ml),濾取析出之固體,以水洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥獲得無色固體(0.82g)。
於含所得化合物(176mg)、3-吡啶基1-哌羧酸酯2鹽酸鹽(166mg)之DMF(5ml)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(二甲基胺基丙基)碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(150mg)、1-羥基苯并三唑(110mg)、二異丙基乙基胺(0.23ml),以室溫攪拌整夜。以EtOAc稀釋反應溶液,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑後,使殘留物以鹼性二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:2(V/V))純化,製得無色油狀物(140mg)。
於含所得化合物(140mg)之2-丙醇溶液中加入草酸(35mg)攪拌30分鐘。濾取析出之固體,以2-丙醇-己烷洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,獲得3-吡啶基4-({6-[(3-氯芐基)氧基]-3-吡啶基}羰基)-1-哌羧酸酯0.5草酸鹽(120mg)。
與實施例137同樣地製得實施例138之化合物。
於含4-羥基苯并醯胺(686mg)之乙腈(15ml)溶液中加入碳酸鉀(1.04g)、溴乙酸乙酯(0.610ml),並以80℃加熱2小時。使反應溶液冷卻後,加入水(45ml),濾取析出之固態物,以水洗淨後乾燥,而獲得淡褐色粉末之乙基[4-(胺基羰基)苯氧基]乙酸酯(893mg)。
使所得化合物(870mg)溶解於THF(10ml),再添加乙醇(0.274ml)與1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(4.68ml),以室溫攪拌4小時。減壓濃縮反應溶液,以1M鹽酸水溶液使呈酸性,再濾取析出之固態物並乾燥之,獲得淡褐色粉末之[4-(胺基羰基)苯氧基]乙酸(714mg)。
於含有以實施例121方法獲得之3-吡啶基1-哌啶羧酸酯2鹽酸鹽(252mg)的DMF(5ml)溶液中,加入TEA(0.251ml)、1-[3-(二甲基胺基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(259mg)、1-羥基苯并三唑(122mg)及上述合成化合物[4-(胺基羰基)苯氧基]乙酸(184mg),以室溫攪拌5小時。於反應溶液中添加飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液,並以氯仿萃取,使有機層以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=95:5(V/V))純化,並使所得固體藉EtOAc乙腈再結晶,而取得吡啶-3-基-4-{[4-(胺基羰基)苯氧基]乙醯基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯(274mg)。
與實施例139同樣地獲得實施例140~141之化合物。
於含有3-吡啶基1-哌羧酸酯2鹽酸鹽(150mg)之二氯甲烷(5ml)溶液中加入TEA(0.23ml)、苯磺醯基氯(0.075ml),以室溫攪拌整夜。以氯仿稀釋反應溶液,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,再使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿)純化,使所得固體於2-丙醇中再結晶,而獲得3-吡啶基4-(苯基磺醯基)-1-哌羧酸酯(130mg)。
與實施例142相同地獲得實施例143之化合物。
於含3-吡啶基1-哌羧酸酯2鹽酸鹽(150mg)之吡啶(3ml)溶液中,加入氯蟻酸芐酯(91mg),以室溫攪拌12小時。使反應溶液於減壓下濃縮,並以EtOAc稀釋,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,以2-丙醇(3ml)稀釋後,加入甲苯碸酸水合物(100mg)並攪拌。過濾析出之結晶,並以2-丙醇再結晶,而製得芐基3-吡啶基1,4-哌二羧酸酯甲苯磺醯基酸鹽(98mg)。
與實施例144同樣地製得實施例145~146之化合物。
於含有3-吡啶基4-[(4-芐基氧基)苯甲醯基]-1-哌羧酸酯(1.3g)之THF(20ml)-2-丙醇(20ml)溶液中添加10%鈀-碳(催化劑量),於氫氣氛圍下,以常溫常壓攪拌12小時。濾除催化劑,再減壓濃縮濾液後,使所得固態物於EtOAc己烷中再結晶,製得3-吡啶基4-(4-羥基苯甲醯基)-1-哌羧酸酯(950mg)。
於含有3-氯芐基醇(200mg)與三苯基膦(360mg)之THF(5ml)溶液中,以0℃滴定含3-吡啶基4-(4-羥基苯甲醯基)-1-哌羧酸酯(300mg)與二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(0.62ml、40%Tol溶液)之THF(5ml)溶液,再以室溫攪拌3天。以氯仿稀釋反應溶液,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=95:5(V/V))純化,並使用2-丙醇使獲得之固態物再結晶,而製得3-吡啶基4-{4-[(3-氯苯甲醯基)氧基]芐基}-1-哌羧酸酯(260mg)。
與實施例147同樣地製得實施例148~166之化合物。
於含有3-吡啶基4-(4-羥基苯甲醯基)-1-哌羧酸酯(530mg)、甲基3-(溴甲基)苯甲酸酯(450mg)之乙腈(10ml)溶液中,加入碳酸鉀(270mg),並以80℃攪拌1小時。於反應溶液中加入水,以EtOAc萃取,再以水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,再使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:4(V/V))純化,取得無色固態物(470mg)。
使所得固態物(100mg)於EtOAc己烷中再結晶,製得3-吡啶基4-(4-{[3-(甲氧基羰基)芐基]氧基}苯甲醯基)-1-哌羧酸酯(88mg)。
使4-乙基1-吡啶-3-基哌啶-1,4-二羧酸酯(0.732g)溶解於THF(15ml)、乙醇(8.0ml),於冰冷下滴定1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(3.9ml)。以室溫攪拌混合2小時後,立刻以1M鹽酸(0.5ml)中和。減壓濃縮反應液,並於殘留物中添加甲醇,藉吸引過濾來去除析出之鹽。濃縮濾液,取得無色固體1-[(吡啶-3-基氧基)羰基]哌啶-4-羧酸(0.727g)。
使所得化合物(0.60g)溶解於二甲基甲醯胺(10ml)中,加入1-[3-(二甲基胺基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(0.93g)、1-羥基苯并三唑(0.51g)及環己烷甲基胺(0.43g),以室溫攪拌15小時。於反應溶液中加入,更攪拌1小時後,立即加入EtOAc與碳酸氫鈉溶液作分液,並以0.5M鹽酸、飽和食鹽水依序洗淨有機層。以無水硫酸鎂乾燥有機層,並減壓餾除溶劑,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:4(V/V))純化殘留物,獲得無色粉末(0.69g)。使其從乙醇、己烷再結晶,而獲得(吡啶-3-基)-4-{[(環己基甲基)胺基]羰基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯(261mg)。
與實施例168同樣地製得實施例169~192、383~388與參考例94之化合物。
於含有1-芐基2-甲基1,2-哌二羧酸酯(660mg:Beilstein Registry No. 4236331)之吡啶(10ml)溶液中添加3-吡啶基氯碳酸酯(330mg),以80℃攪拌7小時。減壓下濃縮反應溶液後,稀釋氯仿,並以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以鹼性二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:1(V/V))純化,獲得無色油狀物(700mg)。
於含有所得化合物(430mg)之THF(5ml)溶液中加入1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(1.2ml),以50℃攪拌3小時。加入1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(0.8ml),以50℃更加熱1小時後,冷卻至室溫,加入1規定量鹽酸(2ml)。再以EtOAc萃取反應溶液,並以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,再以EtOAc己烷洗淨析出之固體後,於減壓下乾燥,獲得1-[(芐基氧基)羰基]-4-[(3-吡啶基氧基)羰基]-2-哌羧酸(140mg)。
與實施例193同樣地製得實施例194~195之化合物。
使吡啶-3-基4-({[2-(甲基胺基)苯基]胺基}羰基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯(0.41g)溶解於乙酸(10ml),並加熱回流2小時。餾除溶劑後,立刻從甲醇與二乙醚再結晶,而製得(吡啶-3-基)-4-(1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯(307mg)。
使吡啶-3-基4-[(第三丁氧基羰基)胺基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯(0.249g)溶解於THF(5.0ml),於冰冷下加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(2.10ml),以室溫攪拌24小時。使反應溶液濃縮乾涸,而製得吡啶-3-基4-胺基哌啶-1-羧酸酯2鹽酸鹽(0.280g)。
使所得化合物(0.28g)溶解於二甲基甲醯胺(10ml),再加入1-[3-(二甲基胺基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(0.28g)、1-羥基苯并三唑(0.16g)、TEA(0.54ml)及6-苯基己烷酸(0.18g),以室溫攪拌15小時。於反應溶液中加水,更攪拌混合1小時後,加入EtOAc與碳酸氫鈉溶液並分液,再以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層。以無水硫酸鎂乾燥有機層,並減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;EtOAc)純化,獲得無色粉末。使其從甲醇、二乙醚再結晶,而製得(吡啶-3-基)-4-[(6-苯基己基)胺基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯(108mg)。
於含有3-吡啶基4-[3-(芐基氧基)苯氧基]-1-哌啶羧酸酯(4.0g)之THF(75ml)-2-丙醇(75ml)溶液中添加10%鈀-碳(催化劑量),於氫氣氛圍下,以常溫常壓攪拌24小時。濾除催化劑後,減壓濃縮濾液,使所得固態物以EtOAc己烷洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,獲得3-吡啶基4-(3-羥基苯氧基)-1-哌啶羧酸酯(2.2g)。
於含有3-吡啶基4-[4-(芐基氧基)苯氧基]-1-哌啶羧酸酯(3.7g)之THF(75ml)-2-丙醇(75ml)溶液中加入10%鈀-碳(催化劑量),於氫氣氛圍下,以常溫常壓攪拌24小時。濾除催化劑後,減壓濃縮濾液,並以EtOAc己烷洗淨所得固態物後,於減壓下乾燥,獲得3-吡啶基4-(4-羥基苯氧基)-1-哌啶羧酸酯(2.4g)。
於含有3-吡啶基4-(3-羥基苯氧基)-1-哌啶羧酸酯(160mg)、環己基甲醇(87mg)、三苯基膦(200mg)之THF(5ml)溶液中,以0℃滴定二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(0.35ml、40%Tol溶液),以室溫攪拌24小時。以氯仿稀釋反應溶液,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,再使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:1(V/V))純化。使所得油狀物溶解於EtOAc(5ml),加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(1ml),以室溫攪拌。減壓下餾除溶劑,使析出之固體以EtOAc2-丙醇洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,獲得3-吡啶基4-[3-(環己基甲氧基)苯氧基]-1-哌啶羧酸酯鹽酸鹽(94mg)。
與實施例200同樣地製得實施例201~205之化合物。
於含有3-吡啶基4-(4-羥基苯氧基)-1-哌啶羧酸酯(160mg)、3-氯芐基醇(110mg)、三苯基膦(200mg)之THF(5ml)溶液中,以0℃滴啶二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(0.35ml、40%Tol溶液),並以室溫攪拌24小時。以氯仿稀釋反應溶液,並以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:3(V/V))純化。使所得油狀物溶解於EtOAc(5ml)中,加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(1ml),以室溫攪拌。減壓下餾除溶劑,以EtOAc2-丙醇使析出之固體再結晶,而製得3-吡啶基4-{4-[(3-氯芐基)氧基]苯氧基}-1-哌啶羧酸酯鹽酸鹽(45mg)。
與實施例206同樣地製得實施例207~212之化合物。
於含有甲基5-[({4-[4-(芐氧基)苯氧基]哌啶-1-基}羰基)氧基]菸酸酯之乙醇(100ml)溶液中,添加10%鈀-碳(催化劑量),於氫氣氛圍下,以常溫常壓攪拌一夜。濾除催化劑,使所得濾液減壓濃縮,再使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=15:1(V/V))純化,製得無色油狀物(1.08g)。
於含有所得化合物(450mg)及3-環己基-1-丙醇(315mg)之THF(20ml)溶液中,添加2.2M二乙基偶氮二羧酸酯(1.01ml)及三苯基膦(581mg),以50℃加熱22小時。於反應溶液中加水,再以氯仿萃取,並以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。減壓餾除溶劑,再使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=2:1(V/V))純化,獲得甲基5-[({4-[4-(3-環己基丙氧基)苯氧基]哌啶-1-基)羰基)氧基]菸酸酯(242mg)。
與實施例213同樣地製得實施例214~216之化合物。
於含有5-[({4-[4-(芐氧基)苯氧基]哌啶-1-基}羰基)氧基]菸酸(200mg)之THF(10ml)溶液中添加10%鈀-碳(催化劑量),於氫氣氛圍下,以常溫常壓攪拌3小時。濾除催化劑,使所得濾液減壓濃縮,而製得5-[({4-[4-(羥基)苯氧基]哌啶-1-基}羰基)氧基]菸酸(55mg)。
使以與實施例2同樣方法獲得之實施例29化合物(4.0g)溶解於THF(30ml)、甲醇(15ml)中,於冰冷下滴定1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(12ml)。以室溫攪拌30分後,立刻於冰冷中以1M鹽酸(12ml)中和。濾取析出之無色固體,而獲得5-{[(4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-基)羰基]氧基}菸酸(3.52g)。
與實施例218同樣地製得實施例219~224及實施例226~243之化合物。
於含有三光氣(1.56g)之二氯甲烷(50ml)溶液中,滴定含5-羥基菸酸甲基(2.20g)與吡啶(4ml)之二氯甲烷(30ml)溶液,以室溫攪拌1小時。減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物溶解於吡啶(50ml),加入4-(2-苯基乙基)哌啶鹽酸鹽(2.70g),以80℃加熱整夜。使反應溶液於減壓下濃縮,加入EtOAc及碳酸氫鈉水溶液,再以無水硫酸鎂乾燥有機層。減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:1(V/V))純化,製得無色粉末。使其從己烷-EtOAc再結晶,而製得甲基5-({[4-(2-苯基乙基)哌啶-1-基]羰基}氧基)菸酸酯(3.95g)。
使甲基5-({[4-(2-苯基乙基)哌啶-1-基]羰基}氧基)菸酸酯(3.95g)溶解於THF(32ml)、甲醇(16ml),於冰冷下滴定1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(16ml)。於室溫下攪拌30分後,於冰冷中以1M鹽酸(16ml)中和。濾取析出之無色固體,使其從甲醇-水再結晶,而製得5-({[4-(2-苯基乙基)哌啶-1-基]羰基}氧基)菸酸(3.70g)。
使實施例219之化合物5-{[(4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-基)羰基]氧基}菸酸(0.50g)溶解於DMF(8.0ml),加入1-[3-(二甲基胺基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(0.38g)、1-羥基苯并三唑(0.22g)及甘胺酸第三丁基酯(0.21g),以室溫攪拌15小時。於反應溶液裝加入水,更攪拌1小時後,立即加入EtOAc與碳酸氫鈉溶液並分液,再以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層。以無水硫酸鎂使有機層乾燥,減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:1(V/V))純化,而製得無色油狀物(0.444g)。
使所得化合物(0.444g)溶解於二氯甲烷(5.0ml),於冰冷下加入TFA(1.15ml)。並以同溫度攪拌24小時後,立即濃縮反應液,製得黃色固體。使其從乙醇與二乙基醚再結晶,製得{[(5-{[(4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-基)羰基]氧基}吡啶-3-基)羰基]胺基}乙酸(348mg)。
利用與實施例244同樣之醯胺化反應,製得實施例245~257之化合物。
於含有實施例54之化合物(400mg)與[3-(胺基羰基)苯基]硼酸(176mg)之二甲氧基乙烷(12ml)溶液中,依序添加水(4ml)、碳酸鈉(337mg)、肆三苯基膦鈀(115mg)後,以80℃加熱5小時。使反應溶液冷卻後,再以EtOAc稀釋,並水洗有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:5(V/V))純化,製得5-[3-(胺基羰基)苯基]吡啶-3-基-4-芐基哌啶-1-羧酸酯(205mg)。
與實施例258同樣地製得實施例259、265、266、399之化合物。
於含有5-[(第三丁氧基羰基)胺基]吡啶-3-基4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯(174mg)之THF(10ml)溶液中,加入4M氯化氫-二噁烷溶液(1.8ml),以60℃攪拌4小時。減壓餾除溶劑,而獲得5-胺基哌啶-3-基4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}吡啶-1-羧酸酯鹽酸鹽(74mg)。
於含有5-[4-(乙氧基羰基)哌啶-1-基]吡啶-3-基4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯草酸鹽(240mg)之THF(10ml)溶液中,添加1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(3.24ml),再以60℃攪拌5小時間。於反應溶液中添加1M鹽酸水(3.24ml)後,減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=10:1(V/V))純化。將所得油狀物溶解於乙醇水,再加入草酸(24mg)使其結晶化,而製得1-(5-{[(4-(4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-基)羰基]氧基}吡啶-3-基)哌啶-4-羧酸草酸鹽(93mg)。
於含有5-[(2-第三丁氧基-2-噁乙氧基)甲基]吡啶-3-基4-{4-[(3-(3-氟芐基)氧基)苯氧基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯(333mg)之二氯甲烷(10m)溶液中,添加TFA(1.0ml),並以室溫攪拌一夜。減壓餾除溶劑,製得[(5-{[(4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-基)羰基]氧基}吡啶-3-基)甲氧基]乙酸(232mg)。
於含有5-[(乙醯氧基)甲基]吡啶-3-基4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯草酸鹽(1.10g)之THF(20ml)溶液中,添加1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(7.65ml),並以65℃攪拌3小時。使反應液以1M鹽酸水中和,再以氯仿萃取後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=12:1(V/V))純化,製得5-(羥基甲基)吡啶-3-基4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌定-1-羧酸酯(770mg)。
於含有5-[(1E)-3-甲氧基-3-噁丙-1-烯-1-基]吡啶-3-基4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯(158mg)之THF(5ml)溶液中,添加1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(1.11ml),以60℃攪拌3小時。減壓餾除溶劑,使殘留物以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=10:1(V/V))純化,而獲得(2E)-3-(5-{[(4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-基)羰基]氧基}吡啶-3-基)丙烯酸(88mg)。
(a)於3-[2-(4-哌啶基)乙基]苯腈鹽酸鹽(475mg)、TEA(0.58ml)之乙腈(10ml)溶液中,加入甲基5-{[(4-硝基苯氧基)羰基]氧基}菸酸酯(723mg),以室溫攪拌整夜。以EtOAc稀釋反應液,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。餾除溶劑,將所得殘渣賦予鹼性二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:1(V/V)),並去除副生成之硝基酚後,以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=3:2(V/V))純化,獲得甲基5-[({4-[2-(3-氰基苯基)乙基]-1-哌啶基}羰基)氧基]菸酸酯(284mg)。
(b)於甲基5-[({4-[2-(3-氰基苯基)乙基]-1-哌啶基}羰基)氧基]菸酸酯(272mg)之THF(5ml)-水(4ml)溶液中加入1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(0.69ml),以室溫攪拌整夜。再於反應液中加入1M鹽酸(0.69ml),濾取析出之結晶。以熱甲醇水溶液洗淨結晶後,使其乾燥,而製得5-[({4-[2-(3-氰基苯基)乙基]-1-哌啶基}羰基)氧基]菸酸(240mg)。
與實施例267之程序(a)相同地製得參考例149~150及實施例268~272、392、396、400、402、413、419、421、422之化合物。
於實施例267之程序(a)後,進行與程序(b)同樣的方法,製得實施例273~317、393~395、401、403、405、406、414、418之化合物。
於5-[({4-[2-(3-氰基苯基)乙基]-1-哌啶基}羰基)氧基]菸酸(102mg)之DMF(3.0ml)溶液中加入1-[3-(二甲基胺基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(62mg)、1-羥基苯并三唑(43mg)、氯化銨(43mg)、TEA(0.038ml),以室溫攪拌整夜。於反應液中加入飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液,過濾析出之結晶並使其乾燥。使所得結晶以EtOAc己烷再結晶,而獲得5-(胺基羰基)-3-吡啶基4-[2-(3-氰基苯基)乙基]-1-哌啶羧酸酯(81mg)。
利用同樣方法,製得實施例319~382、397、398、404、408~412、415、420、423之化合物。
於氯化三苯基(吡啶-4-基甲基)鏻鹽酸鹽(4.75g)與第三丁基4-甲醯基哌啶-1-羧酸酯(1.91g)之DMF(50ml)溶液中,冰冷下加入第三丁氧基鉀(2.73g),以室溫攪拌整夜。以EtOAc稀釋反應液,再以水、飽和食鹽水依序洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。餾除溶劑,再以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=1:2(V/V))純化,製得白色固體(2.05g)。
使所得固體(2.04g)溶解於EtOAc(30ml),加入10%鈀碳(200mg),於氫存在下以室溫攪拌3小時。濾除催化劑後,濃縮溶劑,使殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:乙酸乙基=1:1(V/V))純化,而製得白色固體之第三丁基4-[(E
)-2-吡啶-4-基乙烯基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯(1.70g)。
於第三丁基4-[(E
)-2-吡啶-4-基乙烯基]哌啶-1-羧酸酯(1.02g)之乙醇(25ml)溶液中加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(0.88ml)、氧化鉑(100mg),於氫存在下(3.5atm)攪拌24小時。氬取代後,以甲醇稀釋,使用矽藻土過濾後減壓濃縮。以EtOAc-己烷洗淨析出之固體後,減壓下使其乾燥,而製得白色固體之第三丁基4-(2-哌啶-4-基乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯鹽酸鹽(850mg)。
於第三丁基4-(2-哌啶-4-基乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯鹽酸鹽(1.13g)、2-氯-6-甲基吡啶(431mg)及鈉-第三丁氧基(487mg)之甲苯(10ml)懸濁液中,加入2-(二環己基膦)聯苯基(71mg)及(1E
,4E
)-1,5-二苯基-1,4-戊二烯-3-酮-鈀(93mg),以120℃攪拌1小時。放冷反應液後,加入飽和碳酸鈉水溶液,並以EtOAc萃取。以飽和食鹽水洗淨有機層後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥,並餾除溶劑。使殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;己烷:EtOAc=10:1(V/V))純化,而獲得紅色油狀物質之第三丁基4-{2-[1-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)哌啶-4-基]乙基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯(660mg)。
於第三丁基4-{2-[1-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)哌啶-4-基]乙基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯(650mg)之EtOAc(10ml)溶液中加入4M氯化氫-EtOAc溶液(2ml),以室溫攪拌2天。濃縮反應液,而製得黃色非晶形狀物之2-甲基-6-[4-(2-哌啶-4-基乙基)哌啶-1-基]吡啶2鹽酸鹽(644mg)。
於2-甲基-6-[4-(2-哌啶-4-基乙基)哌啶-1-基]吡啶2鹽酸鹽(520mg)、TEA(0.50ml)之乙腈(10ml)溶液中加入甲基5-{[(4-硝基苯氧基)羰基]氧基}菸酸酯(505mg),以室溫攪拌3小時。以EtOAc稀釋反應液,並以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥之。餾除溶劑,使所得殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析法(溶出液;氯仿:甲醇=98:2(V/V))純化,而獲得甲基5-{[(4-{2-[1-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)哌啶-4-基]乙基}哌啶-1-基)羰基]氧基}菸酸酯(424mg)。
於甲基5-{[(4-{2-[1-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)哌啶-4-基]乙基}哌啶-1-基)羰基]氧基}菸酸酯(208mg)之THF(5m1)溶液中加入1M氫氧化鈉水溶液(0.45ml),於室溫下攪拌整夜。濃縮反應液,而獲得5-{[(4-{2-[1-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)哌啶-4-基]乙基}哌啶-1-基)羰基]氧基}菸酸鈉鹽(158mg)。
於5-{[(4-{2-[1-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)哌啶-4-基]乙基}哌啶-1-基)羰基]氧基}菸酸鈉鹽(210mg)之DMF(10m1)溶液中添加1-[3-(二甲基胺基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(103mg)、1-羥基苯并三唑(90mg)、氯化銨(119mg),以室溫攪拌整夜。以EtOAc稀釋反應液,再以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液、飽和食鹽水依序洗淨後,以無水硫酸鎂乾燥。減壓餾除溶劑,使所得殘渣透過EtOAc-己烷再結晶,而製得5-(胺基羰基)吡啶-3-基4-{2-[1-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)哌啶-4-基]乙基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯(150mg)。
使10週齡之SD系雄性大鼠(日本SLC社)在醚麻醉下斷頭,摘出大腦測定重量。加入重量5倍容積之冰冷緩衝液(50mM Tris-HCl(pH7.4),0.32M Sucrose),於冰中以均質儀磨碎至成為均勻懸濁液。離心分離(1500×g,4℃,15分)後,將其上清液更進一步離心分離(15000×g,4℃,20分),取得沉澱,更以超音波發生機(UR-20P;特米精工社)進行5秒超音波破碎(Power dial 4)。以色素結合法(蛋白分析CBB溶液;納卡萊德斯克社)測定所得破碎液之蛋白質濃度。再使用緩衝液(50mM Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)、1mM EDTA、0.1mg/mlBSA、100mM NaCl),稀釋大鼠腦破碎液使蛋白質濃度為60μg/ml,調製酶液。
調製由2μCi/ml放射標識極樂醯胺(Anandamide[ethanolamine 1-3
H](American Radiolabeled Chemical社))、8μM極樂醯胺(船越社)、50mM Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)、1mM EDTA、0.1mg/ml BSA及100mM NaCl所構成之基質液。並調製試驗物質溶液,係溶解於DMSO中且呈1nM~100μM者。於50μl之酶液中加入50μl之前述基質液,再加入1μl之試驗物質溶液,放置1小時。此外,對照組則是以DMSO取代試驗物質溶液添加其中。加入200μl之氯仿與甲醇之1:1(容量比)溶液並攪拌。透過離心分離(15000轉/分,2分),而在上層(水/甲醇層)分離出分解產物之乙醇胺(ethanolamine 1-3
H),下層(氯仿層)則分離出未反應之放射標識極樂醯胺(Anandamide[ethanolamine 1-3
H])。將上層30μl移入96井之有機溶劑耐性白色微滴定盤(PicoPlate-96;PerkinElmer社),加入150μl之微閃爍20(PerkinElmer社),再以微滴定盤閃爍計數器(TopCountTM
;Beckman社)測定。與對照組相較下可使測定值減少之物質即可選作阻礙FAAH活性之物質選擇。
使化合物溶解於DMSO而成為1nM~100μM,調製出試驗物質溶液,並以上述記載之方法調查對FAAH活性造成之影響。對照組則使用DMSO。從各測定值扣除使用緩衝液(50mM Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)、1mM EDTA、0.1mg/ml BSA、100mM NaCl)取代酶液而反應時之測定值。以對照測定值為100%,求出IC50
值。例如,實施例2、151、225、228、273、324、325及359之化合物的IC50值各為0.14nM、27nM、0.37nM、0.19nM、0.65nM、0.54nM、2.5nM及1.3nM。
上述結果顯示出,使表現有FAAH或機能性FAAH之組織破碎液與試驗物質接觸,再測定試驗物質依賴性之FAAH活性變化,可篩選出阻礙FAAH活性之物質,即頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑。
使用來自人類膀胱上皮癌之細胞株5637細胞(HTB-9;ATCC)及含有10%牛胎兒血清(HyClone社)之RPMI1640培地(Invitrogen社),播種於48井之細胞培養皿,使毎1井平均有1×105
個。以37℃培養12小時以上後,以毎1井平均以400μ1之緩衝液(Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution、20mMHepes-NaOH(pH7.4))洗淨細胞。於基質液(含有3μCi/ml放射標識極樂醯胺(Anandamide[ethanolamine 1-3
H])與10μM極樂醯胺之前述緩衝液)中添加溶解於DMSO之試驗物質,使其成為0.003nM~30nM。對照組則僅添加DMSO。對上述細胞加入平均每1井為100μl之基質液,於CO2
保溫內以37℃進行30分鐘培養。之後,將細胞培養皿移至冰上,吸引除去基質液,毎1井加入75μl之冰冷細胞溶解用溶液(含有0.5%TritonX-100及10μM具有FAAH阻礙活性之化合物cyclohexylcarbamic acid 3’-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-ylester(URB597;Cayman chemical社;Kathuria氏等,Nature Med.,第9卷,第76-81頁,2003年)之前述緩衝液)並攪拌。使所得細胞溶解液各井逐一地移至1.5ml容積之樣本管中,加入150μl之氯仿與甲醇之1:1(容量比)溶液並攪拌。一旦進行離心分離(15000轉/分,2分),則上層(水/甲醇層)之分解產物乙醇胺(ethanolamine 1-3
H)及下層(氯仿層)之未反應放射標識極樂醯胺即被分離出。將上層25μl移至96井之有機溶劑耐性白色微滴定盤(PicoPlate-96;PerkinElmer社),加入150μl之微閃爍20(PerkinElmer社),再以微滴定盤閃爍計數計(TopCountTM
;Beckman社)進行測定。與對照組相較下,可使測定值減少之物質即可選為具有阻礙FAAH活性之物質。
使溶解於DMSO呈10mM之化合物加入基質液,成為0.003nM~30nM,再以前述方法調查對FAAH活性造成之影響。負對照組為添加DMSO者,正對照組則是添加基質液使URB597成為10μM者,令正對照組之測定值為0%,而負對照組之測定值為100%。試驗結果係如表64所示。
從以上結果可確認,代表性之本發明化合物具有優異的FAAH阻礙活性。此外,使表現出FAAH或機能性FAAH之細胞與試驗物質接觸再測定試驗物質依賴性之FAAH活性變化,則可山選出阻礙FAAH活性之物質,即,頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛劑。
對2隻9週齡之Wistar系雄性大鼠(日本SLC社)經口投藥已懸濁於0.5%甲基纖維素(MC)溶液之試驗物質1~3mg/kg。對照組則是對2隻大鼠經口投藥0.5% MC溶液。30分鐘後,於醚麻醉下從下腔大動脈採取血液。之後,斷頭並採取大腦。
使採得之血液3ml以等量生理食鹽水稀釋,於離心管內之3ml血球分離劑(Nycoplep;AXIS-SHIELD社)上疊層。離心分離(400×g,20分)後採取單核細胞層。再將所得單核細胞以生理食鹽水洗淨2次,至測定前以-20℃冷凍保存。
對採得之大鼠腦加入重量5倍容積之冰冷緩衝液(50mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0),1mM EDTA),於冰中以均質儀磨碎成均勻溶液。更以超音波發生機(UR-20P(Power dial 4);特米精工社)進行5秒超音波破碎。對前述之冷凍保存單核細胞加入100μl冰冷緩衝液(50mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0),1mM EDTA),並以超音波發生機(UR-20P(Power dial 4);特米精工社)進行5秒超音波處理。至於腦及單核細胞之破碎液,則使用色素結合法(蛋白分析CBB溶液;納卡萊德斯克社)測定蛋白質濃度。使用緩衝液(50mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0),1mM EDTA,0.1mg/ml BSA,100mM NaCl),使、腦、單核細胞之破碎液稀釋成蛋白質濃度各為80μg/ml、400μg/ml,製為酶液。
於50μl酶液中加入50μl基質液(2μCi/ml放射標識極樂醯胺(Anandamide[ethanolamine 1-3
H](American Radiolabeled Chemical社))、8μM極樂醯胺(船越社)、50mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0)、1mM EDTA),以室溫反應1小時。加入200μl之氯仿與甲醇之1:1(容量比)溶液並攪拌。透過離心分離(12000×g,2分),於上層(水/甲醇層)分離出分解產物之乙醇胺(ethanolamine 1-3
H),下層(氯仿層)則分離出未反應之放射標識極樂醯胺(Anandamide[ethanolamine 1-3
H])。將上層25μl移至96井之有機溶劑耐性白色微滴定盤(PicoPlate-96;PerkinElmer社),加入150μl之微閃爍20(PerkinElmer社),再以微滴定盤閃爍計數計(TopCountTM
;Beckman社)進行測定。
以未投藥試驗物質之對照大鼠之腦及單核細胞破碎液的FAAH活性為100%,以不含組織破碎液之緩衝液(50mM Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)、1mM EDTA、0.1mg/ml BSA、100mM NaCl)之FAAH活性為0%,求出已投藥試驗物質之大鼠組織破碎液之FAAH活性相對值(%)。可使FAAH活性相對值降低之物質即選為阻礙FAAH活性之物質。
從上述結果可知,將試驗物質投藥予實驗動物後,透過測定摘出之組織破碎液中的試驗物質依賴性FAAH活性變化,可篩選出阻礙FAAH活性之物質,即,頻尿與尿失禁治療劑、膀胱過動症治療劑及/或疼痛治療劑。
使用病態樣本以研討化合物之膀胱刺激症狀改善作用。已知環磷醯胺(CPA)透過全身投藥將轉換為代謝物之丙烯醛(Acrolein),而從尿中傷害膀胱黏膜。大鼠將因投予CPA而伴隨出血性膀胱炎誘發膀胱痛或頻尿狀態,故可對等症狀作藥效評估。實驗係使用9週齡之Wistar系雌性大鼠(查爾斯河社)。將CPA(100mg/kg)投藥到腹腔內,2天後進行實驗。將化合物作經口投藥(p.o.),並於15分鐘後強制性地經口投予蒸餾水(30ml/kg)。將大鼠放入代謝籠中,連續1小時測定排尿重量。總排尿量除以總排尿次數即可算出有效膀胱容量。結果,溶劑之0.5%甲基纖維素(MC)投予群係有效膀胱容量減少而可見頻尿狀態。有效經口投藥量,以實施例2、218及261之化合物而言為3mg/kg,以實施例225、228、273、313、324、325、及359之化合物而言則是1mg/kg。該等化合物可使已減少之有效膀胱容量增加,進而改善頻尿狀態。
於戊巴比妥鹽(Pentobarbital)麻醉下,對雄性5-6週齡SD大鼠實施以蠶絲將左側L5及L6脊髓神經結紮的手術。鎮痛作用之評估法係採用von Frey hairtest。亦即,以毛髮(hair)刺動物之後腳底,並以引起抬腳反應之最小毛髮強度作為對機械刺激之反應閾值(log gram)。從預備研討已確認動物之手術側足的反應閾值從手術後第7至14天顯著降低(處於觸摸痛狀態),故而試驗化合物之抗觸摸痛效果係於手術後第7至14天間之任一天進行評估。試驗化合物評估前日,測定試驗化合物投藥前之反應閾值。將動物分群,使試驗化合物投藥前反應閾值之群間平均值的差及群內偏差較小。試驗化合物評估試驗中,則是測定試驗化合物投藥後之反應閾值。試驗化合物係在測定反應閾值測定之60分前經口投藥。令溶劑投予群之手術側足及非手術側足之反應閾值各定義為0%及100%,以算出試驗化合物之抗觸摸痛作用效力。結果,實施例126之化合物於10mg/kg經口投藥時顯示出74%之效力。
由於本發明之化合物具有優異之FAAH阻礙活性,在與FAAH相關之疾病,特別是頻尿與尿失禁、膀胱過動症及/或疼痛(特別是神經因性疼痛)之治療上甚為有用。
Claims (10)
- 一種吡啶-3-基4-{4-[(3-氟芐基)氧基]苯氧基}哌啶-1-羧酸酯或其製藥學上可接受之鹽。
- 一種吡啶-3-基4-[(2E)-3-苯基丙-2-烯醯基]哌-1-羧酸酯或其製藥學上可接受之鹽。
- 一種吡啶-3-基4-(苯胺基羰基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯或其製藥學上可接受之鹽。
- 一種吡啶-3-基4-(2-苯基乙基)哌-1-羧酸酯或其製藥學上可接受之鹽。
- 一種藥學組成物,係以如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之化合物或其製藥學上可接受之鹽作為有效成分者。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之藥學組成物,其係一種FAAH阻礙劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之藥學組成物,其係一種頻尿、尿失禁及/或膀胱過動症之治療藥。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之藥學組成物,其係一種疼痛之治療藥。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之化合物或其製藥學上可接受之鹽的用途,係將如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之化合物或其製藥學上可接受之鹽用於製造FAAH阻礙劑、頻尿、尿失禁及/或膀胱過動症之治療藥者。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之化合物或其製藥學上可接受之鹽的用途,係將如申請專利範圍第1 至4項中任一項之化合物或其製藥學上可接受之鹽用於製造FAAH阻礙劑以及疼痛之治療藥者。
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