TWI356852B - - Google Patents
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- TWI356852B TWI356852B TW095122453A TW95122453A TWI356852B TW I356852 B TWI356852 B TW I356852B TW 095122453 A TW095122453 A TW 095122453A TW 95122453 A TW95122453 A TW 95122453A TW I356852 B TWI356852 B TW I356852B
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- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- purity
- ppm
- less
- impurities
- lppm
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005260 alpha ray Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910003865 HfCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 5
- PDPJQWYGJJBYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-J hafnium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Hf](Cl)(Cl)Cl PDPJQWYGJJBYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001036 glow-discharge mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001674044 Blattodea Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 and ca Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001622 bismuth compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- LVXIMLLVSSOUNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorine;nitric acid Chemical compound [F].O[N+]([O-])=O LVXIMLLVSSOUNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002363 hafnium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- LUTRJORJVBGESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlororhodium Chemical compound Cl[Rh](Cl)(Cl)Cl LUTRJORJVBGESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/14—Obtaining zirconium or hafnium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
- C22B9/228—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by particle radiation, e.g. electron beams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
- C23C14/165—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon by cathodic sputtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
- C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/28008—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
- H01L21/28017—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H01L21/28026—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor
- H01L21/28079—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor the final conductor layer next to the insulator being a single metal, e.g. Ta, W, Mo, Al
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/28008—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
- H01L21/28017—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H01L21/28158—Making the insulator
- H01L21/28167—Making the insulator on single crystalline silicon, e.g. using a liquid, i.e. chemical oxidation
- H01L21/28194—Making the insulator on single crystalline silicon, e.g. using a liquid, i.e. chemical oxidation by deposition, e.g. evaporation, ALD, CVD, sputtering, laser deposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/43—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/49—Metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. gates of MOSFET
- H01L29/495—Metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. gates of MOSFET the conductor material next to the insulator being a simple metal, e.g. W, Mo
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/43—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/49—Metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. gates of MOSFET
- H01L29/51—Insulating materials associated therewith
- H01L29/517—Insulating materials associated therewith the insulating material comprising a metallic compound, e.g. metal oxide, metal silicate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1295—Refining, melting, remelting, working up of titanium
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
1356852 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明關於一種將給中所含之Fe、Cr、Ni雜質含有量, Ca、Na、K雜質含有量,A卜Co、Cu、Ti、w、Zn雜質 含有量,α:射線之計數,U、Th雜質含有量,pb、Bi雜質 含有量,以及氣體成分的C含量,分別加以降低之高純度 铪材料、由此銓材料所構成之濺鍍用靶及閘極絕緣膜或金 屬閘極用薄膜、與高純度姶之製造方法。 【先前技術】 至目前為止,有許多關於製造铪的文獻。铪的耐熱性、 耐蝕性優異,且具有與氧及氮等親和力大的特性。因此, 邊等之氧化物或氮化物,由於在高溫具有較優異的安定 性,故利用作為核能陶瓷或於鋼鐵、鑄件製造領域的防火 材。並且,最近亦逐漸被利用來作為電子材料或光材料。 【發明内容】 金屬铪的製造法,曾提出與金屬鍅相同的製造方法。 可+如下數例.使含有氟之锆或铪化合物於惰性氣體、還 原氣體或真空中’ α 4〇〇〇c以上的溫度,與金屬鋁或鎂進 =反應之方法(例如,參照專利文獻1),-種特徵在於將 乳化錯、氣化給、或氣化鈦加以還原而製造各金屬之封閉 用金屬製造方法(例如’參照專利文# 2),一種特徵在於 =鎂對四虱化錯或四氣化铪進行鎂還原時,反應容器之構 &二、其製以方式的铪或锆製造法(例如,參照專利文獻3), 字氣基’臭基、碘基之鍅、铪、钽、釩及鈮化合物蒸氣導 1356852 入坩堝加以製造之方沐 ^ liL (例如’參照專利文獻4),使用強 驗性陰離子交換樹炉 9精製鉛或姶氣化物或醯氣(acid chloride)水溶液之方法 _ (幻如’參照專利文獻5),藉由溶劑 卒取之锘回收方法(例^ 么 ^ 如,參照專利文獻6), —種特徵在 於供電部分之給晶體棒絮^ 裏w裝置(例如’參照專利文獻7)。 M. ill 1 : 4* __ 專利文獻1 專利文獻2 專利文獻3 專利文獻4 專利文獻5 專利文獻6 專利文獻7 特開昭60~~ 17027號公報 特開昭61 — 27964丨號公報 特開昭62— 103328號公報 特表平3 — 501630號公報 特開平10—204554號公報 特開昭60— 255621號公報 特開昭61 — 242993號公報 ”如上述文獻所示,有許多給的精製方法或萃取方法。 最近逐漸要求制給成膜於電子零件。特別是欲使用來作 為閘極絕緣膜、金屬閘極臈。該等臈由於就在以基板的上 方’因此純度的影響很大。特収會對半導體基板造成污 染的問題。 然而,以往給中就存在含有多量錯的問題,又高Μ 化並不易達成。又,當㈣作為電子材料,特別是作為: 近矽基板設置的閘極絕緣膜或金屬閘極膜 、寸,由於不知道 給中所含的雜質會帶來怎樣的作用(壞影皺 w "t·),因此給中戶斤 含的雜質一直被默許。 此點’即係使用給作為問極絕緣膜、金屬閘極膜等電 子零件材料是一極為最近之技術的很大原因。 1356852 本發明之課題,係提供一種將降低鍅含量 乍為原料使用’並且將铪中所含之Fe、Cr、Ni雜質,Ca Na、KM’AhC〇、Cu、Ti、w、z_f,ai^^ 數,U、Th雜質,Pb、Bi雜質,以及氣體成分的c含量, 分別加以降低之高純度铪之製造方法,以提供有效安 疋之製造技術以及藉此所製得之高純度铪材料、由此铪材 料所構成之濺鍍用靶及閘極絕緣膜或金屬閘極用薄骐。
為了解決上述問題,本發明人等經潛心研究的結果, 提供一種不計Zr與氣體成分其純度在6N以上的高純度 铪,此種高純度姶,特別是作為鄰近矽基板設置的電子^ 料時,不會降低或擾亂電子機器的功能,且作為閘極絕緣 獏或金屬閘極用薄膜等材料時具有優異的特性。高純度铪 所3之雜貝Fe、Cr、Ni分別在〇.2ppm以下,Ca、Na、K 分別在O.lppm以下,而a卜c〇' Cu、Ti、W' Zn亦分別 2 pippin以下。另,於本發明所表示之純度(% ppm、卯b) 皆指重量(wt%、wtPPm、wtppb)。 之所以不計算铪中所含之雜質Zr的原因,係在製造高 ‘屯度铪牯,由於Zr本身與铪化學特性相似,因此要將其去 除在技術上非常困難,並且從該特性的近似性來看,即使 作為雜質混入,亦不會造成太大特性變異的緣故。由於此 原因,雖然混入某程度的Zr是被默許的,但在欲提升铪本 身特性的場合’當然是少許較佳。 此外’本發明之不計Zr與氣體成分其純度在6N以上 的尚純度铪,較佳為α射線的計數在〇 〇lchp/cm2以下, 1356852 且u、Th分別皆不滿lppb’Pb、Bi分別皆不滿〇1啊。 本發明係包含降低此α射線的計數,u、Th含有量,pb、 Bi含有量之高純度铪者。並且,本發明之不計J與氣體 成分其純度在6N以上的高純度铪’較佳為氣體成分的c 2有量在50 ppm以下,本發明亦包含降低此c含有量之 向純度給。 於形成閘極絕緣膜或金屬間極用薄料電子材料之薄 膜的場合,大部分皆以_來進行,作為薄膜形成方式係 較佳的^法。因此,上述之不計Zr與氣體成分其純度在6N 以上的向純度姶,可直接形成作為高純度铪靶材。 由本發明之高純度給所構成之減鍵乾,藉由滅鑛,材 料所具有的高純度直接反映在所成膜之薄膜,可形成不計 :虱體成刀其純度在6N以上的閘極絕緣膜或金屬閘 用嫜膜。 又’純度在6N以上之靶及閘極絕緣臈或金屬閘極用 /臊所含有之該雜質,全部皆與上述雜質Fe、Cr、Ni,雜 質 Na、K,雜質 A1、Co、Cu、Ti、W、Ζιι,α 射線 /數雜質1^、1^,雜質1513、則,以及氣體成分的<:含 !以及=之含有量相等,本發明包含該等全部者。 鈐日;’不°十Zr與氣體成分其純度在6Ν以上的高純度 =’首先蒸館未加工過的聰4進行精製,然後還原此 L HfCl4而侍到海綿給。接冑,將此海綿給作為陽極進 丁熔I電解侍到由電解所製得之電沉積物。並且,藉由 將此電'儿積物進行電子束炫解,可製得不計Zr與氣體成分 1356852 其純度在6N以上的高純度給。 以此方式所製得之不計Zr與氣體成分其純度在㈣以 上的高純度铪,可使其中所含有之上述雜質Fe、Cr、N彳 分別在0.2PPm以下,雜質Ca、Na、K分別在〇 ippm以下, 而Ahco'cn貿、211亦分別在〇1_以下並且 可使α射線之計數在0 01cph/cm2以下,雜質。、几分別 不滿iPPb,雜質Pb、Bi分別不滿〇 lppm,再者可使氣體 成分的C在50ppm以下。 雜質之Ca、Na、K等鹼金屬或鹼土類金屬,屬易移動 2之元素,由於容易移動於元件中,造成元件的特性不安 定,因此以少為佳。又,雜質之Fe、Cr、Ni、八卜、&、
Ti、W、Zn等過渡金屬、重金屬由於會引起漏電流的增加, 成為耐受電壓降低的原因,因此亦以少為佳。而雜質之。、 h Pb Bi ’會產生使記憶體單元之蓄積電荷發生反轉的 軟性誤差。因此’在減少該等含量的同時,亦有必要限制 從該等元素所產生之α射線量。 再者,C含量的增加,係濺鍍時粒子產生的原因,因 此有將其減少的必要。Zr含有量,雖然不會特別造成問題, 但可定在2500PPm以下,甚至1〇〇〇ppm以下。 雜質含有量,雖然是隨原材料所含之雜質量變動,但 藉由採用上述方法,則可將各雜質調節至上述數值範圍。 本發明為提供一種上述高純度铪、高純度铪構成之靶及薄 膜、高純度姶之製造方法。 本發明之不計Zr與氣體成分其純度在6N以上的高純 1356852 度鈴,係使雜質Fe、Cr、Ni分別在〇.2ppm以下雜所^、 0.1ppm,XT > ^ Al^C〇.Cu.Ti/w.aZn 亦分別在O.lppm以下’並且使α射線之計數在〇 οι。#/ cm2以下,雜質U、Th分別不滿lppb,雜質作、則分別 不滿O.lppm,再者使氣體成分的c在5〇ppm以下特別 是作為鄰近石夕基板設置的電子材料時’不會降低或擾亂電 子機器的功能,且作為閘極絕緣膜或金屬閘極用薄膜等材 料時具有優異的效果。 ' 並且,本發明之製造方法,具有可安定製造不計^與 氣體成分其純度在6N以上之高純度铪的效果。 【實施方式】 本發明,係以已去除Zr之海綿姶作為原料,原料係使 用四氣化铪(HfC〗4)。四氣化铪,可使用市售之材料。此市 售之四氯化銓含有Zr5wt%左右。另,原料亦可使用銓㈣ 金屬、氧化鉛(Hf〇2^該等之原料,係不計Zr,具有純度 3N等級者,以以外之主要雜質,係含有以、&、沁等。 首先,將此四氣化铪原料溶解於純水。接著,對其進 行多段有機溶劑萃取。通常進行段之溶劑萃取。萃 取劑可使用TBP。藉此可使Zr為5〇〇〇wtppm以下。 其-人,進行中和處理以得到氧化铪(Hf〇2)。將此氧化 铪加以氣化以得到高純度四氣化铪(Hfcl4)。 以上,為已公知之技術。本發明,係從高純度四氣化 銘 (HfClJ原料開始進行。 將此HfCl4加以蒸餾、精製。使用鹽化力強的Mg等 10 1356852 金屬,將此方式所製得之HfCl4加以還原,得到純度3N等 級的海绵铪。以此純度3N的海綿铪作為陽極使用Nacl _KCl-HfCl4等電解液以7〇〇〜1〇〇(rc進行電解而得到電 沈積姶,以純水洗淨此電沈積铪,並以氟硝酸稍微蝕刻。 , 將此方式所製得之電沈積物導入Cu坩堝中先進行電 ' 子束熔解(爐膛(hearth)熔解),並依序將電沈積姶投入於 此。使槽上部所溢出的铪熔融液流入鑄錠上部。此處仍為 熔融液的狀態,如此,在爐膛與鑄錠化時,以連續的電子 束操作進行再次的熔解,藉此可提升純度。 以上述方法,不計碳、氧、氮等氣體成分及鍅,可製 付不計Zr與氣體成分具有純度6N(99 9999% )以上的高純 度銓鑄錠。使用氣體倍增比例計數管式測量裝置測量靶之 α射線量的結果,α射線量在〇.〇icph/cm2以下。 並且,使用此高純度靶進行濺鍍,藉此可將高純度铪 成膜於基板上。 _ 靶之製造,可藉由鍛造、壓延、切削、精加工(研磨) 之般加工來製造。特別是,並不限制於該製造步驟, 可任意加以選擇。 實施例 接著,說明實施例。又,此實施例係用以使理解較為 谷易,並非限制本發明者。亦即,於本發明之技術思想範 圍内,其他實施例及變形,皆包含在本發明内。 (實施例1) 以約320 C的溫度蒸餾未加工過的Hfa4進行精製。
11 1356852 使用鹽化力強的Mg金屬將此精製Hfc丨*加以還原得到 純度3N的海綿姶。於蒸餾精製的階段,可將雜質從 500〇PPm程度降低至800PPm程度。 以此純度3N的海绵铪作為陽極,使用NaCi_KC1_ HfCl4之電解液以72〇tit行電解,而製㈣沈積給。以純 水洗淨此電沈積铪,並以氟硝酸稍微蝕刻。藉此,可去除 Fe、Cr、Ni、八卜 Co、Cu、Ti、W ' Zn、U、Th 及 C。特 別是,w、c、u、Th的降低效果最為顯著。 將此方式所製得之電沈積物導入Cu坩堝中先進行電 子束熔解(爐膛(hearth)熔解),並依序將铪投入於此。使 槽上部所溢出的铪熔融液流入鑄錠上部。此處仍為熔融液 的狀態,如此,在爐膛與鑄錠化時,藉由以連續的電子束 操作進行再次的熔解,可提升純度。藉此,亦可有效去除 w、c、U、Th以外的上述雜質及ca、Na、K。 藉由上述方法,可得到不計錯,純度6N(99.9999% )等 級的高純度銓鑄錠。鑄錠頂部(上方)與底部(下方)的化學分 析值(GDMS分析)示於表i。 各雜質 /辰度分別為:Fe< 〇.〇1 ppm、〇< 0.01 ppm、Ni : 0.04〜〇.〇8ppm’ Ca< 0.01 ppm、Na< 0.01 ppm、κ< O.Olppm,
Al< 0.01 ppm' Co< 0.〇lppm> Cu< 0.05ppm' Ti < 0.01 ppm ' W . 〇.〇ippm ' Zn〈 〇 〇lppm,且 ^ 射線之計數 < 〇 〇〇4cph /cm2、U< 〇.〇〇lppm、Th< 〇 〇〇lppm、pb< 〇 〇lppm、則 〈O.Olppm,再者 c 含量為 1〇ppm。 S玄等係顯示鑄錠頂部的分析值,雖然有些許的差異, 12 1356852 但是底部亦幾乎為同樣的雜質量。皆滿足本發明的條件。 由此鑄錠所製得之濺鍍靶,可同樣維持高純度,並可 藉由對其進行濺鍍而將具有均勻特性的高純度姶薄膜形成 於基板上。
[表 1】 (ppm) 實施例1 實施例2 TOP BTM TOP BTM Fe <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.05 Cr <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Ni 0.04 0.08 0.10 0.18 Ca <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Na <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 K <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 A1 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Co <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Cu <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Ti <0.01 <0.01 0.03 0.05 W 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Zn <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 u <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Th <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Pb <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Bi <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 C 10 10 30 10 α射線量 (cph/cm2) <0.004 <0.004 0.004 0.004 (實施例2) 與實施例1同樣的,以約320°C的溫度蒸餾未加工HfCl4 進行精製。使用鹽化力強的Mg金屬將此精製HfCl4加以 還原,得到純度3N的海綿姶。於此階段,可將Zr雜質從 5 000ppm程度降低至800ppm程度。以此純度3N的海綿铪 作為陽極,使用NaCl—KC1—HfCl4之電解液以720°C進行 13 1356852 電解’而製得電沈積铪。以純水洗淨此電沈積給’並以氟 确酸稍微钱刻。藉此,可去除Fe、Cr、Ni、Α卜Co、Cu、 Τι、W、Zn、U、Th 及 c。特別是,W、C、U、Th 的降低 效果最為顯著。 將此方式所製得之電沈積物導入Cu坩堝中進行電子 束熔解。又’本實施例2與實施例1的差異點為本實施例 2並無實施爐麼熔解。藉此,可得到不計鉛純度6n(99.9999 /6)等級的向純度給鑄錠。鑄錠頂部(上方)與底部(下方)的 化學分析值(GDMS分析)示於表1。 各雜質 /農度为別為.Fe:〇.〇i 〜〇.〇5ppm、Cr < O.Olppm、 Νι . 〇_1〇 〜〇.18ppm ’ Ca < 〇 叫㈣、< 〇 叫㈣、κ < 〇.〇lPPm,A1< 0.01ppm、c〇< 〇 〇lppm、Cu< 〇 ο—、Ti : 0·03 〜o,〇5ppm、w<001ppm、Zn<〇〇ippm,且α 射線之 計數為 0.0〇4Cph/Cm2、U<〇.〇〇lppm、Th<〇 〇〇lppm、pb <〇.〇lPPm、Bl<0_01ppm,再者 c 含量為 i〇〜3〇ppm。 該等係顯示鑄鍵頂部的分析值,雖然有些許的差異, 但是底部亦幾乎為同樣的雜質量。皆滿^本發明的條件。 由此鍀錠所f得之料H同樣維持高純度,並可藉由 對其進行_而將^有均自特性的高純㈣薄料成於基 板上。 本發明之不計ΖΓ與氣體成分其純度在6N以上的高钟 度銓,係使雜質Fe、Cr、Ni分別/ n。 ' 刀别在0.2ppm以下,雜質Ca、 …分別在〇1PPm以下,而A卜C〇、CU、Ti、W、Zl 亦分別在CUppm以下,並且使㈣線之計録me# 1356852 cm2以下,雜質U、Th分別不滿lppb,雜質Pb、Bi分別 不滿0. lppm,再者使氣體成分的C在50ppm以下,特別 是作為鄰近矽基板設置的電子材料時,不會降低或擾亂電 子機器的機能,因此適合作為閘極絕緣膜或金屬閘極用薄 膜等材料。 【圖式簡單說明】 (無) 【主要元件符號說明】 (無)
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Claims (1)
- IJ56852 loo年11月ijr曰替換頁 • 十、申請專利範圍: ---- 1 _ 一種高純度铪,其特徵在於,不計Zr與氣體成分其 純度在6N以上,Fe、Cr、Ni分別在〇.2ppm以下,ca、Na、 K分別在〇.ippm以下,八卜C〇、Cu、Ti、W、Zn亦分別在 • 〇.lpPm以下,U、Th分別不滿lppb,Pb、Bi分別不滿〇.lppm。 * 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之高純度銓,其進一步所含之 α射線之計數在〇.〇1 Cph/ cm2以下。 3·如申請專利範圍第1或2項之高純度铪,其中,氣體 成分的C含量在5〇ppm以下。 種濺鍍用靶,其特徵在 至3項中任一項之高純度铪所構成 5. 一種閘極絕緣膜或金屬閘極用薄膜,其特徵在於,係 由申請專利範圍第1至3項中任-項之高純度給所構成。 6, 種高純度給之製造方法,其特徵在於,蒸潑未加工 = ffCl4進行精製’還原此精製刪4而得到海綿給,將 /綿給作為陽極進行炼鹽電解,且將電解所製得之電沉 物進行電子束熔解, 度在6N以上、且F 成十與氣體成分其純 尺八 Fe、Cr、Ni分別在〇.2ppm以下,ca、Na、 刀別在0.1ppm以下 . 〇 ln A1 Co'Cu'mn 亦分別在 •Ippm以下的高純度铪。 十一、圖式: (無) 16
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CN105531401B (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2018-09-04 | 东邦钛株式会社 | 制造金属的方法以及制造高熔点金属的方法 |
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KR100968396B1 (ko) | 2010-07-07 |
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JPWO2007007498A1 (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
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WO2007007498A1 (ja) | 2007-01-18 |
TW200706666A (en) | 2007-02-16 |
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