TWI355411B - - Google Patents
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- TWI355411B TWI355411B TW093132998A TW93132998A TWI355411B TW I355411 B TWI355411 B TW I355411B TW 093132998 A TW093132998 A TW 093132998A TW 93132998 A TW93132998 A TW 93132998A TW I355411 B TWI355411 B TW I355411B
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- formula
- metal
- charge transporting
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- -1 π-quineline Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 68
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 20
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl amine Natural products NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 8
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052977 alkali metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical group CC[Al](Cl)Cl UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930004069 diterpene Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 241000234282 Allium Species 0.000 claims 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WKDDRNSBRWANNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thienamycin Natural products C1C(SCCN)=C(C(O)=O)N2C(=O)C(C(O)C)C21 WKDDRNSBRWANNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004141 diterpene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- ZSKVGTPCRGIANV-ZXFLCMHBSA-N imipenem Chemical compound C1C(SCC\N=C\N)=C(C(O)=O)N2C(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)C)[C@H]21 ZSKVGTPCRGIANV-ZXFLCMHBSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960002182 imipenem Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001180 sulfating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 53
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000002320 enamel (paints) Substances 0.000 description 21
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 13
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical group ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 12
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[carboxymethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CN(CCN(CC(O)=O)CC=2C(=C(C)N=CC=2CO)O)CC(O)=O)=C1O RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 7
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005936 thiocarbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 4
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nitrate Chemical compound CO[N+]([O-])=O LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- SOHAVULMGIITDH-ZXPSTKSJSA-N (1S,9R,14E)-14-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethylidene)-2,11-dimethoxy-9-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,13,16-triazatetracyclo[7.7.0.01,13.03,8]hexadeca-3,5,7,10-tetraene-12,15-dione Chemical compound C([C@]1(C2=CC=CC=C2N([C@@]21NC1=O)OC)C(C)(C)C=C)=C(OC)C(=O)N2\C1=C\C1=CNC=N1 SOHAVULMGIITDH-ZXPSTKSJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHXOHPVVEHBKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)-4-[4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC(C=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)C=CC=1C=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UHXOHPVVEHBKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHZAHWOAMVVGEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-bithiophene Chemical compound C1=CSC(C=2SC=CC=2)=C1 OHZAHWOAMVVGEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULUNQYODBKLBOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1h-pyrrol-2-yl)-1h-pyrrole Chemical compound C1=CNC(C=2NC=CC=2)=C1 ULUNQYODBKLBOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron trifluoride etherate Chemical compound FB(F)F.CCOCC KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OPZIHOGUIPUSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N NNCCCl.Cl Chemical compound NNCCCl.Cl OPZIHOGUIPUSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOHAVULMGIITDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxaline Natural products O=C1NC23N(OC)C4=CC=CC=C4C3(C(C)(C)C=C)C=C(OC)C(=O)N2C1=CC1=CN=CN1 SOHAVULMGIITDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 2
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- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N carbon disulfide-14c Chemical compound S=[14C]=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical group NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylcyclohexane Chemical group C1CCCCC1C1CCCCC1 WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QKIUAMUSENSFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanide Chemical compound C[N-]C QKIUAMUSENSFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDNQRCVBPNOTNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinonylnaphthylsulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C(CCCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCCC)=CC2=C1 WDNQRCVBPNOTNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethioic S-acid Chemical group CC(S)=O DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIZMRRKBZQXFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethion Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)SCSP(=S)(OCC)OCC RIZMRRKBZQXFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000031 ethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- GMFTYFSOONOZOH-MCTJRNESSA-K europium(3+) 1,10-phenanthroline (Z)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxo-1-thiophen-2-ylbut-1-en-1-olate Chemical compound [Eu+3].[O-]\C(=C/C(=O)C(F)(F)F)c1cccs1.[O-]\C(=C/C(=O)C(F)(F)F)c1cccs1.[O-]\C(=C/C(=O)C(F)(F)F)c1cccs1.c1cnc2c(c1)ccc1cccnc21 GMFTYFSOONOZOH-MCTJRNESSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001245 hexylamino group Chemical group [H]N([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000717 hydrazino group Chemical group [H]N([*])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940031993 lithium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDJNSLOKTFFLSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;benzoate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LDJNSLOKTFFLSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003658 monoterpene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002773 monoterpene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000002577 monoterpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MGWINGMOAQGIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-nitroformamide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)NC=O MGWINGMOAQGIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000611 organothio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930184652 p-Terphenyl Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960005489 paracetamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XDRYMKDFEDOLFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamidine Chemical group C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1OCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C1 XDRYMKDFEDOLFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004894 pentylamino group Chemical group C(CCCC)N* 0.000 description 1
- OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentafluoride Chemical compound FP(F)(F)(F)F OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DPLVEEXVKBWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[K+].[K+] DPLVEEXVKBWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006308 propyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- KLVRNBBAWXCSBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine quinoxaline Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1.N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 KLVRNBBAWXCSBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIMWEHOYHJJPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1.C1=CN=CN=C1 OIMWEHOYHJJPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline yellow Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C3C(C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)=O)=CC=C21 IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- BPEVHDGLPIIAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(3+) Chemical compound [Ru+3] BPEVHDGLPIIAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVCDLGYNFYZZOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium cyanate Chemical compound [Na]OC#N ZVCDLGYNFYZZOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000956 solid--liquid extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M thioacetate Chemical compound CC([S-])=O DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical compound S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007723 transport mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D339/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having two sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D339/02—Five-membered rings
- C07D339/06—Five-membered rings having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3, e.g. cyclic dithiocarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/655—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only sulfur as heteroatom
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
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- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/16—Electron transporting layers
- H10K50/165—Electron transporting layers comprising dopants
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/311—Phthalocyanine
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/346—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising platinum
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/636—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising heteroaromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/656—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising two or more different heteroatoms per ring
- H10K85/6565—Oxadiazole compounds
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Description
1355411 (1) 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於含具有1,4-二噻畊環的化合物之電荷 輸送性有機材料,以及使用其之電荷輸送性薄膜和有機電 致發光(以下略作EL)元件。 【先前技術】 有機EL元件可大別爲低分子系有機EL (以下略作 OLED)元件及高分子系有機EL (以下略作PLED)元件。 OLED元件因設銅酞菁(CuPC)層之電洞注入層,已 知可提升驅動電壓下降、發光效率提升等起始特性,並提 升壽命特性(參考例如非專利文獻1 )。 而P L E D元件因以聚苯胺系材料(參考例如非專利文獻 2、3 )、聚噻吩系材料(參考例如非專利文獻4 )用作電 涧輸送層(緩衝層),已知可得同樣效果。 又於陰極側因以金屬氧化物(參考例如非專利文獻5 )、金屬鹵化物(參考例如非專利文獻6 )、金屬錯合物( 參考例如非專利文獻7 )用作電子注入層,已知可得起始 特性之提升’這些電荷注入層、緩衝層已爲一般所使用。 最近更有使用低分子低聚苯胺系材料的有機溶液系之 電荷輸送性淸漆的發現,將使用其之電洞注入層插入£]1元 件中’已知具優良EL元件特性(參考例如專利文獻1 )。 0 L E D兀件用電洞注入材料中’蒸鍍系材料廣受採用。 該蒸鍍系材料之問題有’須係非晶質固體,須具升華性、高 (2) (2)1355411 耐熱性及恰當之游離電位(以下略作Ip)等種種特性,因而 其材料系受限等。 又’蒸鍍系材料因難以摻雜,蒸鍍法得之膜不易發揮高 電荷輸送性,結果電荷注入效率難以提升。用作電洞注入 材料之CuPC有凹凸激烈,微量混入el元件中其它有機層 則致使特性下降等缺點。 而共軛系低聚物或聚合物雖係高電荷輸送性材料,但 大多溶解度低難以製作淸漆,故大多只能以蒸鍍法成膜。 尤以無取代噻吩低聚物者,5聚物以上全部幾乎不溶於溶 劑。 PLED元件用電洞輸送材料有高電荷輸送性、不溶於甲 苯等發光聚合物之溶劑、恰當之Ip等必要特性。目前常用 之聚苯胺系材料、聚噻吩系材料有,含可能促進元件劣化 之水作爲溶劑’溶解度低故溶劑之選擇受限,材料易起凝 集’可均勻成膜之方法有限等問題。 另一方面’具有1,4-二噻啡環之化合物的合成,已有 文獻(參考例如非專利文獻8 ~ 1 〇 )報告。非專利文獻9及 10所示之具有1,4-二噻畊環的化合物之製造方法,不僅步 驟多難爲大量製造之方法,且收率低,有改良之必要。 非專利文獻 1 Applied Physics Letters’ 美國,1996 年 ’ 69卷,p.2160-2162 非專利文獻2 Nature,英國,1992年,第357卷, p.477-479 非專利文獻 3 Applied Physics Letters,美國,1994 (3) (3)1355411 年,64卷,p.l245-]247 非專利文獻 4 Applied Physics Letters,美國,1998 年,72卷,p.2660-2662 非專利文獻 5 IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices ’美國,1 997 年,44 卷,ρ·1 245 - 1 24 8 非專利文獻 6 Applied Physics Letters,美國,1997 年,70卷,p. 1 52- 1 54 非專利文獻 7 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics ,1 999,第 38卷,p.L 1 3 48- 1 3 5 0 非專利文獻 8 Journal of American Chemical Society ,1 9 5 3年,第 75卷,p.1 647- 1 65 1 非專利文獻9 Heterocycles,1984年,第22卷, p.1527 非專利文獻10 Heterocycles,1987年,第26卷, ρ· 93 9-942 非專利文獻1 日本專利特開2002- 1 5 1 2 72號公報 【發明內容】 發明所欲解決之課題 本發明係基於上項實情而完成者,其目的在提供,特 別是,用在OLED元件及PLED元件中時,可得優良EL元件 特性,亦即,低驅動電壓、高發光效率之含具有1,4-二噻 畊環之化合物的電荷輸送性有機材料及電荷輸送性淸漆’ 以及使用其之電荷輸送性薄膜和有機電致發光元件。 -6- (4) 1355411 用以解決課題之手段 本發明人爲達上述目的精心探討結果發現,具有1,4-二噻哄環之化合物係可溶於Ν,Ν·二甲基甲醯胺(以下略作 DMF )等有機溶劑之材料,並發現組合電子接受性摻質或 電洞接受性摻質即可得電荷輸送性,用作OLED元件之電 洞注入層等的電荷輸送性薄膜,可低電壓驅動,提升發光 效率,而完成本發明。 亦即,本發明提供下述[1 ] ~ [ 1 1 ]之發明。 [1]含一般式(1)之具有1,4-二噻畊環的化合物之電 荷輸送性有機材料。
(式中R1、R2、R3及R4各自獨立 胺基、矽烷醇基、硫醇基、殘基 醋基、醋基、硫醋基、醯胳;g;、τ, 立’不氫、經基、鹵素基' 3曰盎、目旨基、硫酯基、醯胺基 、有機胺基、有機矽烷基、羊 各自獨立示選自取代或非取代 、噻吩、呋喃、吡咯、伸乙炔 蒽 '咪唑、噁唑、噁二哩、〇奎 哄、伸苯伸乙烯基、弗、叶〇坐 菁、及金屬-或無金屬·卩卜啉々: 芦基、羧基、磺酸基、磷酸基、磷酸 醒胺基、硝基、一價烴基、有機氧基 :基 '有機硫基' 醯基或硯基,X及Y 非取代’且係2價之共軛單元的苯胺 伸乙炔基、伸乙烁基、伸苯基、蔡、 哩、鸣琳、喹卩惡啉、吡D定、嚼D定、吡 伸乙炔基 、叶唑、三芳胺、金屬-或無金屬-酞 口卜B林之至少1種,含於二噻哄環之2個 (5) (5)1355411 硫原子各自獨立可係SO基或S02基。P、q及Γ各自獨立係0或1 以上之整數,係滿足P + q + r$2 0之數。) [2] [I]之電荷輸送性有機材料,其中更含電子接受性摻 質或電洞接受性摻質。 [3] [1]或[2]之電荷輸送性有機材料,其中上述一般式 (1)中之P、q、r滿足 3$p + q + r$10。 [4] 含[1]〜[3]之任一電荷輸送性有機材料,及溶劑的電 荷輸送性淸漆。 [5] 使用[4]之電荷輸送性淸漆製作之電荷輸送性薄膜 〇 [6] 含[5]之電荷輸送性薄膜的有機電致發光元件。 [7] 其特徵爲包含,使式(2 ) R1—(2) (式中R1示氫、羥基、鹵素基、胺基、矽烷醇基、硫醇基 、羧基、磺酸基、磷酸基、磷酸酯基、酯基 '硫酯基.、酿 胺基、硝基、一價烴基 '有機氧基,X示選自取代或非取代 ,且係2儐共軛單元的苯胺、噻吩、呋喃、吡咯、伸乙炔基 、伸乙烯基、伸苯基、萘、蒽、咪唑、噁唑、噁二唑、D奎啉 、喹噁啉、吡啶、嘧啶、吡哄、伸苯伸乙烯基、莽、咔唑、 三芳胺、金屬-或無金屬-酞菁、及金屬-或無金屬-卟啉之至 少1種° P示0或1以上之整數》) 或式(3 ) -8 - 1355411
R2—(-Y-I—Η (3) 1 Jr (式中R2示氫、羥基、鹵素基、胺基、矽烷醇基、硫醇基 、羧基、磺酸基、磷酸基、磷酸酯基、酯基、硫酯基、醯 胺基、硝基、一價烴基、有機氧基,Y示選自取代或非取代 ,並係2價共軛單元之苯胺、噻吩、呋喃、吡咯、伸乙炔基 、伸乙烯基、伸苯基、萘、蒽、咪唑、噁唑、噁二唑、鸣啉 、喳Π惡琳、吼D定、嚼Π定、Dtt哄、伸苯伸乙烧基、莽、咔哩、 三芳胺、金屬-或無金屬-酞菁、及金屬-或無金屬-卟啉之至 少1種。r示0或1以上之整數。) 之化合物,與式(4 ) 0
Hal1/^CH2—Hal2 (4) (式中Hal示鹵素原子。) 之酸鹵化物在酸觸媒下反應,製造式(5)
(式中R1、X、p及Hal同上。) 或式(6 ) -9- (7) (7)1355411 R2—\-Y^\—[CHz—Hal2 (6) (式中R2、Y、r及Hal同上。) 之酷基化合物的第1步驟’繼之,使式(5)之醯基化合物 、式(6)之醯基化合物、及鹼金屬硫化物反應,製造式( 7 )
(式中R〗、R2、X、γ、p及r同上。) 之硫化物的第2步驟’以及,繼之,式(7 )之硫化物以硫 羰化試劑作用’閉環之第3步驟的式(1 )之具有I,4-二噻哄 環的化合物之製造方法。
(式中R1、R2、X、Y、p及Γ同上。R3及R4各自獨立示氫、 羥基、鹵素基、胺基、矽烷醇基、硫醇基、羧基、磺酸基 、磷酸基、磷酸酯基、酯基、硫酯基、醯胺基、硝基、一價 烴基、有機氧基、有機胺基、有機矽烷基、有機硫基、醯基 或硕基’含於二噻哄環之2個硫原子各自獨立可係SO基或SCh 基。q係0或1以上之整數,並係滿足p + q + r$20之數。) [8]其特徵爲使式(2) -10- (8) 1355411 R1 十VH (2) (式中R·示氫、羥基、鹵素基、胺基、矽烷醇基、# 崦醇基 、羧基、磺酸基、磷酸基、磷酸酯基、酯基、硫酯& 鸯、醯 胺基、硝基、一價烴基 '有機氧基,X示選自取代或#取、 ,且係2價共鞭單元之苯胺、噻吩、咲喃、吡略、伸7 ^ 乙炔基 、伸乙烯基、伸苯基、萘、蒽、咪唑、噁唑、噁二眺 —壬、D奎啉 、哇噁啉、吡啶、嘧啶、吡哄、伸苯伸乙烯基、蒔、 v雙、 三芳胺、金屬-或無金屬-酞菁、及金屬·或無金屬-卟琳 少1種。卩示0或1以上之整數。) 或式(3 )
R 2-+ Y-
H ⑶ (式中R2示氫、羥基、鹵素基、胺基、矽烷醇基、硫H基 '羧基、磺酸基、磷酸基、磷酸酯基、酯基、硫酯基、酿 胺基、硝基、一價烴基、有機氧基,Y示選自取代或非取代 ,並係2價之共軛單兀之苯胺、噻吩 '咲喃、D(t略、伸乙块 基 '伸乙烯基、伸苯基、萘 '蒽 '咪唑、噁唑 '噁二.哩、D| 啉、喹噁啉、吡啶、嘧啶、吡畊、伸苯伸乙烯基 '莽、叶哩 、三芳胺、金屬-或無金屬-酞菁、及金屬-或無金屬-D卜啉之 至少1種。r示0或1以上之整數。) 之化合物,與式(4 ) -11 - 1355411
Hal
Ο CH2—Hal2 (4) (式中Hal示鹵素原子。) 之酸鹵化物在酸觸媒下反應的式(5) Ο R1—\-X--^CH,—Hal2 (5) l Jp (式中R1、X、p及Hal同上。) 或式(6) Ο R2—卜丫--厂 LcH2—Hal2 (6) (式中R2、Y、r及Hal同上。) 之醯基化合物之製造方法。 [9] [8]之醯基化合物之製造方法,其中上述酸觸媒係 二氯乙基鋁或氯二乙基鋁。 [10] 其特徵爲使[8]或[9]得之式(5)的醯基化合物、 式(6)之醯基化合物、及鹼金屬硫化物反應的式(7)之 硫化物的製造方法。 Ο 0 R1——X-——^-CHz—S-CH2—U--YR2 ⑺ JP r -12 - (10) 1355411 (式中R1、R2 ' x、γ、口及r同上。) [11]其特徵爲[l〇]得之式(7)的硫化物以硫羰化試劑 作用閉環的式(丨)之具有丨,4_二噻畊環的化合物之製造方 法。
(1) (式中R1、R2、X、γ、p及r同上。R3及R4各自獨立示氫、 經基、鹵素基 '胺基、矽烷醇基、硫醇基,羧基、磺酸基 '憐酸基、磷酸酯基、酯基、硫酯基、醯胺基、.硝基、一價 烴基、有機氧基、有機胺基、有機矽烷基、有機硫基、醯基 或硕基’含於二噻畊環之2個硫原子各自獨立可係SO基或S〇2 基。q係〇或1以上之整數,並係滿足p + q + rg 20之數。) 發明效果 以含本發明之電荷輸送性有機材料之電荷輸送性淸漆 於電極表面形成電荷輸送性薄膜,將之用作有機EL元件之 電荷注入層,電極與有機層之電荷注入障礙降低,可得驅 動電壓驅動之下降及發光效率的提升。 該電荷輸送性淸漆,不同於習知水溶液系之電荷輸送 性淸漆,可僅以有機溶劑使用,不只可防致使元件劣化之 水分的混入,使用濕式程序可容易塗膜,故不須以真空蒸 鍍法成膜。因此,缺少升華性、耐熱性之共軛系低聚物群 -13- (11) (11)1355411 亦能適用於有機EL元件。而含於本發明之電荷輸送性有機 材料之具有二噻畊環之化合物,可用電荷接受性摻質簡便 摻雜。 本發明之電荷輸送性淸漆具良好加工性,且由其得之 薄膜具有高電荷輸送特性,故於電容器電極保護膜之應用 、抗靜電膜、太陽能電池、燃料電池之應用亦有效。 以下更詳細說明本發明。 本發明有關之電荷輸送性有機材料(電荷輸送性淸漆 )係含電荷輸送機制之本體,電荷輸送性物質者。 電荷輸送性有機材料亦可係,電荷輸送性物質與提升 電荷輸送性物質的電荷輸送性之電荷接受性摻質之組合。 電荷輸送性淸漆係含電荷輸送性物質及溶劑2種之組 合者,或含電荷輸送性物質、電荷接受性摻質及溶劑3種 之組合者,這些係以溶劑完全溶解,或均勻分散。 在此電荷輸送性與導電性同義,指電洞_送性、電子 輸送性、電洞及電子之兩電荷輸送性之任—。電;荷:輸送f生 淸漆其本身可具電荷輸送性,亦可係得自淸漆之固體膜具 電荷輸送性。 本發明之含於電荷輸送性有機材料(電荷輸送性淸漆 )之電荷輸送性物質係,下述式(1)之具有i,4_二噻[I井環 的化合物。
-14- (12) (12)1355411 (式中 各自獨立不氫、經基、鹵素基、胺 基、矽烷醇基、硫醇其 ^ 俯基'羧基、磺酸基、磷酸基、磷酸酯
基、醋基、硫醋基、酿脸I 腿基、硝基、一價烴基、有機氧基、 有機胺基、有機矽悖其 妙屍基、有機硫基、醯基或碾基,X及Y各 自獨示選自取代或非取代,並係2價共軛單元之苯胺噻 吩咲喃卩比略 '伸乙炔基、伸乙稀基、伸苯基、萘、葱、 咪唑、噁唑、噁—唑、哇啉、喹噁啉吡啶、嘧啶吡哄、 伸本伸乙烯基、莾 '咔唑、三芳胺 '金屬-或無金屬-酞菁、 及金屬-或無金屬-卟啉之至少1種,含於二噻哄環之2硫原子 亦可各自獨立係SO基或S〇2s ^ p、9及r各自獨立係〇或1以上 之整數’係滿足p + q + r$20之數。) 式中P、q及I·,基於提高該化合物之溶解度,係以 p + q + r$20爲佳,p + q + r$20更佳。又,基於高電荷輸送性之 出現’係以3$p + q + r爲佳,5Sp + q + r尤合適。 式中X及Y所示之共軛單元若係可輸送電荷之原子、芳 環、共軛基即佳,無特殊限制,較佳者有取代或非取代之2 價的苯胺、噻吩、呋喃、吡咯、伸乙炔基、伸乙烯基、伸苯 基 '萘、蒽、咪唑、噁唑、噁二唑、曈啉、喹噁啉、.吡啶、 嘧啶、吡畊、伸苯伸乙烯基、莽、咔唑、三芳胺 '金屬-或 無金屬-酞菁、及金屬-或無金屬-卟啉。較佳者有噻吩、呋喃 、吡咯、伸苯基、三芳胺等。 在此取代基之具體例各自獨立,有羥基、鹵素基、胺 基、矽烷醇基、硫醇基、羧基、磺酸基、磷酸基、磷酸酯 -15- (13) (13)1355411 基、酯基、硫酯基、醯胺基、硝基、一價烴基、有機氧基、 有機胺基、有機矽烷基、有機硫基、醯基或硯基,對於這些 官能基可更以任一官能基取代。 一價烴基之具體例有甲基、乙基 '丙基、丁基、三級丁 基、己基、辛基及癸基等烷基、環戊基、環己基等環烷基、 雙環己基等雙環烷基、乙烯基' 1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、異丙 烯基、1-甲-2-丙烯基、1或2或3-丁烯基及己烯基等脂烯基、 苯基、二甲苯基、甲苯基、聯苯基及萘基等芳基、苯甲基、 苯乙基及苯環己基等芳烷基等,這些一價烴基之氫原子的部 分或全部由鹵素原子、羥基及烷氧基等取代者。 有機氧基有烷氧基、脂烯氧基、芳氧基等,這些之烷基 、脂烯基及芳基有如同上述例示者。 有機胺基有甲胺基、乙胺基、丙胺基、丁胺基、戊胺基 、己胺基、庚胺基、辛胺基、壬胺基、癸胺基及月桂胺基等 烷胺基、二甲胺基、二乙胺基、二丙胺基、二丁胺基、二戊 胺基、二己胺基、二庚胺基、二辛胺基、二壬胺基及二癸胺 基等二烷基胺基、環己胺基及嗎啉基等。 有機矽烷基有三甲矽烷基、三乙矽烷基、三丙矽烷基、 三丁矽烷基、三戊矽烷基、三己矽烷基、戊基二甲矽烷基、 己基二甲矽烷基、辛基二甲矽烷基及癸基二甲矽烷基等。 有機硫基有甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基、丁硫基、戊硫基 、己硫基、庚硫基、辛硫基、壬硫基、癸硫基及月桂硫基等 院硫基。 醯基有甲醯基、乙醯基 '丙醯基、丁醯基、異丁醯基、 -16- (14) 1355411 戊醯基、異戊醯基及苯甲醯基等。 一價烴基、有機氧基、有機胺基 '有機矽烷基、有機硫 基及醯基等之碳原子數無特殊限制,—般係碳原子數卜2〇、 1〜8爲較佳。 較佳取代基有氟、磺酸基、取代或非取代有機氧基、烷 基及有機矽烷基。 共軛單元連結形成之共軛鏈’亦可含環狀部分。唯該環 狀部分爲高電荷輸送性之出現,宜不具任一取代基。上述 式(1 )之化合物的具體例如下。 ύ~χ^χύ s s
17- (15)1355411
-18- (16)1355411
19- (17)1355411
-20- (18)1355411
-21 - (19)1355411
上述各化物中以使用下述化合物爲更佳。 -22- (20) 1355411
含1,4-二噻哄環之化合物的合成法無特殊限制,有例 如文獻 Heterocycles,1987 年,第 26 卷,ρ·939-942 及 Heterocycles,1 9 8 7 年,第 26 卷,p . 1 7 9 3 - 1 7 9 6 之方法,本 發明係尤以用下述3步騾所成之製造方法爲佳。 第1步驟 R1'
Hal1A/Ha.2(4)
XH—Η JP
•X l_JHa (5) C-Har R2- _γ+_Η H人 _) r2_ -Y- 0 h2 C-Har ⑹ ⑶ (式中R1、R2、X、Y、p及r同上。Hal示鹵素原子。) 第2步驟 -23- (21)1355411 R1- -XH~~^C-Hal2 + Η2~[·γΊ -C-Har JP (5) (6)
r1-W (式中 R1、R2、X、Y、p、r及 Hal 同上 第3步驟 R1—Ι-χΊ— °^-ΗΛ
P -fv-lj-n2 ——r1—[-xj rl iJp ) R3
⑴ H7 R2 ⑺ (式中 R1 ' R2、R3 ' R4、X、Y、p、q 及 r 同上。) 第1步驟係將起始物質式(2 )或(3 )之化合物,用 酸觸媒醯化之步驟。 式(2)及(3)之化合物的具體例有噻吩、2,2’-聯噻 吩(以下略作BT ) 、2,2,: 5’,2”-三聯噻吩、二苯胺、 叱>^’-二苯-1,4-苯二胺、呋喃、2,2’-聯呋喃、2,.2,:5’,2”-三聯呋喃、吡咯、2,2 ’ -聯吡咯、2,2 ’ : 5 ’,2 ” -三聯吡咯、 1,2 -二(2 -噻吩基)乙烯、1,2 -二(2 -噻吩基)乙炔、1,2-二(2-呋喃基)乙烯、1,2-二(2-呋喃基)乙炔、2-呋喃噻 吩、5-呋喃-2,2’-聯噻吩’2-苯噻吩、2-聯苯噻吩' 5-苯-2,2’-聯噻吩、苯、聯苯、對三聯苯、萘、聯萘、蒽、咪唑 、聯咪唑、噁唑、聯噁唑、噁二唑、聯噁二唑、喹啉、聯 I]奎啉、喹噁啉、聯鸣噁啉、吡啶、聯吡啶、嘧啶、聯嘧啶 -24- (22) (22)1355411 〜11比哄、聯吡哄、莽 '咔唑、三苯胺、無金屬酞菁、銅-駄 菁 '無金屬卟啉 '鉑-卟啉衍生物等。更佳者爲2,2,-聯噻 吩、2,2, : 5,,2"-三聯噻吩、二苯胺、2,2’-聯吡咯等。 醯化試劑如式(4 )所示,具體而言有2-氯乙醯氯、2_ 氯乙醯氟、2-氯乙醯溴、2-氯乙醯碘、2-氯乙醯氯、2·溴 乙醯氯、2-碘乙醯氯、2·氯乙醯氯尤爲合適。 醯化試劑之使用量係相對於式(2)或式(3)之起始 物質,以0.8〜1.5倍莫耳爲合適,1.〇〜1.2倍莫耳尤佳。 酸觸媒以路易士酸爲佳、二氯乙基鋁及氯二乙基鋁尤佳 〇 酸觸媒之使用量係相對於式(2)或式(3)之起始物 質’以0.1~5.0倍莫耳爲合適,1.〇~1.2倍莫耳尤佳。 反應溶劑以二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、硝 甲焼、乙腈、二異丙醚、環己烷等無質子溶劑爲合適,二氯 甲烷及二氯乙烷尤佳。 反應溶劑之使用量係以對於式(2 )或式(3 )之起始 物質’重量比1〜200倍量爲佳,5〜30倍尤佳。 反應溫度通常係-80〜50 °C左右,-20〜30 t尤佳。. 反應之進行可由薄層層析(以下略作TLC )或.液體層析 (以下略作LC)檢測。 反應結束後可經液-液萃取操作、水洗操作、固-液萃取 操作、熱過濾操作、濃縮操作及乾燥操作純化,僅以這些簡 易操作可進入下〜步驟,以再結晶操作或矽膠管柱層析’可 更提升純度。 -25- (23) (23)1355411 經以上操作得式(5 )或(6 )之醯基化合物。 第2步驟係,由第1步驟得之式(5)及(6)之醯基化 合物製造式(7)之硫化物的步驟。 式(5)之醯基化合物與式(6)之醯基化合物的比率 無特殊限制’以1 : 1或各係同一化合物爲佳。 硫化反應試劑有硫化鋰、硫化鈉、硫化鉀、硫化鉋等, 其中以硫化鈉爲尤佳。 硫化反應試劑之使用量係以對於用於反應之式(5 )的 醯基化合物及式(6)之醯基化合物的莫耳數之和的0.2 — 12 倍莫耳爲佳,0.45〜0.55倍莫耳尤佳。 反應溶劑若能部分或全部溶解起始物質及鹼金屬硫化 物即無特殊限制,以丙酮、2 - 丁酮、四氫呋喃、二噁烷、 硝甲烷、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、n,N-二甲基乙醯胺、 N -甲基吡咯烷酮、1,3 -二甲咪唑啶酮、二甲亞碾、甲醇.、乙 醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇、異丁醇、三級丁醇、2-甲氧 乙醇、1,2-丙二醇、二甘醇二乙醚等水溶性有機溶劑與水之 混合溶劑爲佳。 有機溶劑與水之混合比率無特殊限制,以混合溶劑中 水分量爲10〜5 0wt%爲合適。 反應溶劑之使用量係以對於用於反應之式(5)之醯基 化合物及式(6)之醯基化合物的總量,重量比1〜200倍量 爲佳,5〜30倍量尤佳。 反應溫度通常係-20〜100 °C左右,〇〜60 。(:尤佳。反應 之進行可由TLC或LC檢測。 -26- (24) (24)1355411 反應結束後可經液-液萃取操作、水洗操作、濃縮操作 及乾燥操作純化,僅以這些簡易操作即可進入次一步驟,經 再結晶操作或矽膠管柱層析則可更提升純度。 經以上操作得式(7 )之硫化物。 第3步驟係對於第2步驟得之式(7 )的硫化物,以硫羰 化試劑作用環化,製造式(1)之具有1,4 -二噻哄環之化合 物的步驟。 硫羰化試劑有羅森試劑、硫化鈉及硫化氫等,以羅森試 劑爲合適。 硫羰化試劑之使用量係以相對於式(7 )之硫化物起始 物質0.3~5.0倍莫耳爲合適,〇.8~ι·5倍莫耳尤佳。 反應溶劑無特殊限制,以二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯仿' 四氯化碳、硝甲烷、乙腈、二異丙醚、四氫呋喃、.二噁烷' 甲苯、二甲苯、Ν,Ν-二甲基甲醯胺、n,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N’-二甲基咪唑啶酮、二甲亞碾爲佳,二 氯乙烷、二噁烷及甲苯尤佳》 反應溶劑之使用量係以相對於表(7 )之硫化物,重量 比1〜200倍量爲佳,5〜50倍量尤佳。 硫羯化反應之反應溫度通常係0~120 °C左右,10~80 °C尤佳。硫羰化反應之進行可由TLC或LC檢測。 硫羰化反應結束後依序進行環化反應,形成1,4-二噻畊 環’環化反應之進行當中,可變更爲合適之反應溫度。該環 化反應之反應溫度以0-120 °C爲合適,10〜80 °C尤佳。而 環化反應之進行亦可由TLC或LC檢測。 -27 - (25) (25)1355411 環化反應結束後僅經濃縮操作、矽膠層析操作即可得充 分純度之目標物。 經以上操作得式(I )之具有1,4-二噻畊環之化合物。 如前敘,將式(1 )之具有1,4-二噻哄環的化合物溶解 於溶劑或均句分散,更與電荷接受性摻質倂用可製造電荷 輸送性淸漆。 電荷接受性摻質宜具有高電荷接受性,關於溶解度則 若可溶解於至少一種溶劑即無特殊限制。 電子接受性摻質之具體例有氯化氫、硫酸、硝酸及磷 酸等無機強酸;氯化鋁(III) (A1C13)、四氯化鈦(IV) (TiCI4 )、三溴化硼(BBr3 )、三氟化硼醚錯合物(BF3 • OEt2 )、氯化鐵(III ) ( FeCl3 )、氯化銅(II )(
CuCl2 )、五氯化銻(V ) ( SbCl5 )、五氟化砷(V )(
AsFs )、五氟化磷(PF5 )、六氯銻酸參(4-溴苯基)鋁等 路易士酸;苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、樟腦磺酸、羥苯磺酸、5-磺 柳酸、十二基苯磺酸、聚苯乙烯磺酸、日本專利申請2003 -1 8 1 025號說明書記載之l,4-苯并二噁烷二磺酸衍生物、日 本專利申請20 04-25 1 774號說明書記載之芳基磺酸衍生物、 日本專利申請2003-3 200 72號說明書記載之二壬基萘磺酸 衍生物等有機強酸;7,7,8,8-四氰對醌二甲烷(TCNQ ) 、2,3_ 二氯-5,6-二氰-1,4-苯醌(DDQ )、碘等有機或無機氧化劑 ,但不限於這些。 電洞接受性摻質之具體例有鹼金屬(Li、Na、K、Cs ) 、喳啉根鋰(Liq )、乙醯丙酮根鋰(Li(acac))等金屬錯合 -28 - (26) (26)1355411 物,但不限於這些。 尤佳之電荷接受性摻質有5-磺酸柳酸、十二基苯磺酸、 聚苯乙烯磺酸、日本專利申請2003-181025號說明書記載之 1,4-苯并二噁烷二磺酸衍生物、日本專利申請特願2003 -320 072號公報記載之二壬萘磺酸衍生物等有機強酸之電子 接受性摻質。 用於調製電荷輸送性淸漆之溶劑有,水;甲醇、N,N-二 甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺' N-甲基吡咯烷酮、n,N’-二甲基咪唑啶酮 '二甲亞碩、氯仿、甲苯等有機溶劑,而因 上述理由以有機溶劑爲佳,N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲 基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮及Ν,Ν’-二甲基咪唑啶酮尤佳。 上述溶劑以外’爲提升對於基板之潤濕性、溶劑表面 張力之調整、極性之調整、沸點之調整等目的,亦可將煅燒 時賦予膜以平坦性之溶劑’以相對於用在該淸漆之全體溶劑 1~90質量%,較佳者1〜50質量%之比率混合。.. 如此的溶劑之具體例有丁賽路蘇、二甘醇二乙醚、二丙 二醇-甲醚、乙卡必醇、二丙酮醇、g -丁內酯、乳酸乙酯、 乙腈 '乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇、異丁醇、三級丁醇 、丙醇、2-丁醇、二硫化碳、硝甲烷等,但不限於這些。 將上述電荷輸送性淸漆塗敷於基材上,使溶劑蒸發, 可於基材上形成電荷輸送性塗膜。 塗敷方法無特殊限制,有浸沾法、旋塗法、轉印法、輥 塗法、毛刷法、噴墨法'噴霧法等。 溶劑之蒸發方法無特殊限制,例如,使用熱板、烘箱 -29- (27) (27)1355411 ,在適當環境氣體下,即大氣、氮等惰性氣體、真空中進行 蒸發,可得均勻成膜面。 煅燒溫度若能蒸發溶劑即無特殊限制,以40~250 °C爲 佳。此時,爲得更高均勻成膜性,於基材上進行反應之目的 ,亦可作2階段以上的溫度變化。 經塗敷及蒸發操作得之電荷輸送性薄膜之膜厚無特殊 限制,用作有機EL元件內之電荷注入層時,以5~200nm爲 宜。變化膜厚之方法有,變化淸漆中之固體成分濃度,塗敷 時變化基板上之溶液量等方法。 使用本發明之電荷輸送性淸漆的OLED元件之製作方法 ,使用材料有如下者,但不限於此。 所用之電極基板以先用洗劑、醇、純水等液體淸洗而淨 化爲佳,例如陽極基板係以於剛要使用前作臭氧處理、氧-電漿處理等表面處理爲佳。但陽極材料係以有機物爲主要成 分時,亦可不作表面處理^ 以電洞輸送性淸漆用於OLED元件時,有以下方法。 以該電洞輸送性淸漆塗敷於陽極基板上,依上述方法 於電極上製作電洞輸送性薄膜。將之導入真空蒸鍍裝置內 ’依序蒸鍍電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送性、電子注入 層、陰極金屬成爲OLED元件。爲控制發光範圍亦可於任 意之層間設載體阻隔層。 陽極材料有銦錫氧化物(ITO )、銦鋅氧化物(IZO ) 所代表之透明電極,以經平坦化處理者爲佳。亦可使用電 荷輸送性高之聚噻吩衍生物、聚苯胺類》 -30- (28) (28)1355411 形成電洞輸送層之材料有,(三苯胺)二聚物衍生物 (TPD) 、(α-萘二苯胺)二聚物(a_NPD) '[(三苯 胺)二聚物]螺二聚物(Spiro-TAD )等三芳胺類、4,4,, 4” -參[3 -甲苯基(苯基)胺]三苯胺(m_MTDATA )、 4,4’,4”-參[1-萘基(苯基)胺基]三苯胺(UNATA)等星 爆胺類’及5,5"·雙{4-[雙(4-甲苯基)胺基]苯基卜2,2, :5’,2"-三聯噻吩(BMA-3T)等低聚噻吩類。 形成發光層之材料有,參(8 -喹啉根)鋁(in)( Alq3) ' 雙(8-D 奎啉根)鋅(Π) (Znq2)、雙(2-甲-8-曈啉根)(對苯基酚根)鋁(III ) ( BAlq )及4,4,-雙( 2,2 -二苯乙燃基)聯苯(DPVBi)等,亦可共蒸鍍電子輸 送材料或電洞輸送材料及發光性摻質,形成發光層。 電子輸送材料有Alq3、BAlq、DPVBi、 ( 2- ( 4-聯苯 )-5 - ( 4 -三級丁苯基)-1,3,4 -噁二唑)(P B D )、三唑衍 生物(TAZ) > B ASO-CUPROINE ( BCP)、矽醇衍生物等 〇 發光性摻質有喹吖酮、紅螢烯、COUMARONE 540、 4-(二氰亞甲)2-甲- 6-(對二甲胺苯乙烯基)-4H-哌喃( DCM)、參(2 -苯卩比卩定)銥(ΠΙ) (Ir(ppy)3)及(1,1〇_ 啡啉)參(4,4,4-三氟-1-(2-噻吩基)丁烷-1,3-二醇根) 銪(III ) ( Eu(TTA)3phen )等。 載體阻隔層之形成材料有PBD、TAZ、BCP等。 形成電子注入層之材料有氧化鋰(Li20 )、氧化鎂( Mg〇 )、氧化鋁(Al2〇3)、氟化鋰(LiF)、氟化鎂( -31 - (29) (29)1355411
MgF2)、氟化緦(SrF2) 、Liq、Li(acac)、乙酸鋰、苯甲 酸鋰等。 陰極材料有鋁、鎂-銀合金、鋁·鋰合金、鋰、鈉、耗 及鉋等。 使用本發明之電荷輸送性淸漆的OLED元件之製作方 法無特殊限制,有以下方法。 以該電子輸送性淸漆塗敷於陰極基板上製作電子輸送 性薄膜,將之導入真空蒸鍍裝置內,使用同上材料形成電 子輸送層、發光層、電洞輸送層、電洞注入層後,經濺鍍 等方法將陽極材料成膜製作OLED元件。 使用本發明之電荷輸送性淸漆的PLED元件之製作方 法無特殊限制,有以下方法。 製作上述OLED當中,取代電洞輸送層' 發光層、電 子輸送層、電子注入層之真空蒸鍍操作,以發光性電荷輸 送性高分子層之形成,可製作含本發明之電荷輸送性淸漆 所形成之電荷輸送性膜之PLED元件。 具體而言係於陽極基板上塗敷該電洞輸送性淸漆,依 上述方法製作電洞輸送性薄膜,於其上部形成發光性電荷 輸送性高分子層,更蒸鍍以陰極電極,成爲PLED元件。 或者,於陰極基板上塗敷該電子輸送性淸漆,依上述 方法製作電子輸送性薄膜,於其上部形成發光性電荷輸送 性高分子層,更以濺鍍、蒸鍍、旋塗等方法製成PLED元件 〇 使用之陰極及陽極材料可係如同上述OLED元件之製作 -32- (30) (30)1355411 用者,可作同樣之淸洗處理、表面處理。 發光性電荷輸送性高分子層之形成方法有,於發光性 電荷輸送性高分子材料,或於其加發光性摻質之材料加溶 劑而溶解’或均勻分散,塗敷於形成有該電洞注入層之電 極基板後,經溶劑之蒸發成膜的方法^ 發光性電荷輸送性高分子材料有聚(9,9-二烷基苐)( PDAF)等聚葬衍生物’聚(2-甲氧-5- (2,-乙己氧基)-1,4· 伸苯伸乙烯基)MEH-PPV )等聚伸苯伸乙烯基衍生物、聚 (3-烷基噻吩)(PAT )等聚噻吩衍生物、聚乙烯咔唑( PVCz)等。 溶劑有甲苯、二甲苯、氯仿等,溶解或均勻分散法有以 攪拌、加熱攪拌、超音波分散等方法溶解或均勻分散之方法 〇 塗敷方法無特殊限制,有噴墨法、噴霧法、浸沾法、旋 塗法、轉印法' 輥塗法、毛刷法等。而塗敷係以於氮、氬等 惰性氣體下進行爲宜。 溶劑之蒸發法有,於惰性氣體下或真空中,以烘箱或熱 板加熱之方法。 【實施方式】 實施例 以下舉實施例及比較例具體說明本發明,而本發明不 限於以下實施例。 -33- (31)1355411 [實施例1] 依以下方法製造2,6-雙(2,2’-聯噻吩)-1,4-二噻畊( 以下略作BBD)。 I r, _
s、入 P〇\ 人
s BBD 第1步驟說明如下。對於起始物質2,2’-聯噻吩(代號BT ,東京化成工業(股)製)12.00g(72.18mmol),在氮環 境氣體下,加脫水二氯甲烷240ml (關東化學(股)製)溶 解,冷卻至0 °C後,以13分鐘滴入二氯乙基鋁之0.96M正己 烷溶液82.70ml ( 79.3 9mmol )。反應系依序於0 °C 1 5 0分鐘 ,20 °C 2小時攪拌後,於反應系內加氯仿250ml得溶液,注 入強力攪拌之飽和碳酸氫鈉500ml及氯仿250ml之懸浮液中。 分液後’水層以氯仿100ml萃取2次,合倂之有機層以純水 500ml淸洗1次後以芒硝乾燥,減壓下濃縮乾固得4_氯乙醯- 2,2’-聯噻吩(略作〇八8丁)16.95§( 69.82111111〇1,收率97%) 〇 第2步驟說明如下。依上述方法得之caBT 5.32g ( 21 ,92mmol ),加丙酮1 06ml (純正化學(股)製)溶解得 -34- (32) (32)1355411 溶液,於其中以15分鐘滴入硫化鈉9水合物2.63 2g ( 10.96mmol ).加純水53ml得之溶液。反應系依序於20°C 3小 時、50 °C 3 0分鐘攪拌後放冷去室溫,減壓濃縮餾去丙酮。 所得懸浮液以氯仿300ml萃取後,依序以飽和碳酸氰鈉水溶 液100ml 1次、純水100ml 1次淸洗,以芒硝乾燥後減壓下濃 縮乾固得2,6-雙(2,2’_聯噻吩)-1,4-二噻畊前驅物(略作 pre-BBD) 4.68g ( 10.48mmol,收率 96%)。 第3步驟說明如下。上述方法得之pre-BBD 1.9 9 9g ( 4.475mmol )在氮環境氣體下依序加羅森試劑2.172g ( 5.3 7 0mm〇l,東京化成工業(股)製)及脫水二氯乙烷(純 正化學(股)製,經以分子篩4A乾燥)60nd,於浴溫65 °C (升溫至內溫61 °C )攪拌40分鐘。放冷至室溫後,減壓下 濃縮乾固’以甲苯共沸1次後,於殘渣加矽膠2.5g,以矽膠 層析純化(矽膠50g、己烷:甲苯=2: 1—氯仿)得BBD 1.012g ( 2.276mmol,收率 51°/。)。 對於所得BBD 1.000g( 2.249mmol)於大氣中依序加經 日本專利申請特願2003-181025號說明書記載之方法得之 電子接受性接質BDSO-3 1.064g(l.i24mmol)及二甲基乙 醯胺(DMAc) 70g,攪拌下一面加熱至60 。(:而溶解,放 冷至室溫調製淸漆。所得淸漆係紅橙色透明溶液,2 5 °C 之黏度爲1 .6mPa · s » 於經40分鐘臭氧淸洗之ITO玻璃基板上,將上述得之 淸漆以旋塗法塗敷’在大氣中以熱板煅燒得薄膜。相對於 煅燒條件的薄膜之游離電位(以下略作Ip )列於表】。 -35- (33) 1355411 依同樣方法,使用本淸漆於I TO玻璃基板上形成電洞 輸送性薄膜,導入真空蒸鍍裝置內,依序蒸鍍a -NPD、 Alqs ' LiF、A1。膜厚各爲 4〇nm、60nm、0.5nm ' l〇〇nm > 各於達8 xl〇_4Pa以下之壓力後進行蒸鍍操作。蒸鍍速率 除 LiF以外係 0.3〜0.4nm /s,LiF 爲 0.01~0.03nm /s。蒸鍍操 作間之移動操作係於真空中進行。所得OLED元件之特性 如表2。 [實施例2] 對於依實施例1之方法得之BBD l.OOOg ( 2.249mmol) 及依日本專利申請特願2003-181025號說明書之方法得之 電子接受性摻質 BDSO-3 l.〇64g(1.124mmol),加 DMAc 7〇g’攪拌下加熱至60 t溶解,放冷至室溫調製淸漆。所 得淸漆爲紅橙色透明溶液,於· 2 0 °C保存1週仍未見固體 析出。
(S〇3H)2 BDSO- 3 (S〇3H)2 [實施例3] 對於依實施例1之方法得之BBD 45.5mg ( 0.102m mol) 及依曰本專利申請特願2003- 1 8 1 025號說明書之方法得之電 -36- (34) (34)1355411 子接受性慘質BDSO-3 48.4mg(〇.〇511mmol),依序加 DMAc 2.02g’攪拌下加熱至50 °C溶解後加環己醇l.Olg並攪 拌,放冷至室溫調製淸漆。所得淸漆爲紅橙色透明溶液, 於-20 °C保存1週仍未見固體析出。 [實施例4] 對於依實施例1之方法得之BBD 30.0mg ( 0.0675mmol) 及依日本專利申請特願2003-181025號說明書之方法得之電 子接受性摻質BDSO-3 63_9mg ( 0.0675mmol ),依序加 DM Ac 2.02g,攪拌下加熱至50 °C溶解後,加環己醇1.01 g並 攪拌,放冷至室溫調製淸漆。所得淸漆係紅橙色透明溶液, 於-20 °C保存1週仍不見固體析出。 [實施例5] 對於依實施例1得之BBD 17.9mg( 0.0403mmol)及依日 本專利申請特願2003 - 1 8 1 025號說明書之方法得之電子接受 性摻質 BDSO-3 76.0mg ( 0.0803mmol),依序加 DMAc 2.02g ,攪拌下加熱至50 °C溶解後,加環己醇l.Olg並攪拌,放冷 至室溫調製淸漆。所得淸漆爲紅橙色透明溶液,於-20 °C保 存1週仍不見固體析出。 [實施例6] 使用依實施例2之方法得之淸漆,以旋塗法塗敷於經 40分鐘之臭氣淸洗之ITO玻璃基板上,大氣中以熱板煅燒 -37- (35) (35)1355411 得薄膜。相對於煅燒條件之薄膜游離電位(以下略作Ip ) 如表1。 依同樣方法,使用本淸漆於ITO玻璃基板上形成電洞 輸送性薄膜,導入真空蒸鍍裝置內,依序蒸鍍a -NPD、 Alq3' LiF、Α1。膜厚各爲 4〇nm、60nm、0.5nm、l〇〇nm, 各於達8 xl(T4Pa以下之壓力起進行蒸鍍操作,蒸鍍速率 除 LiF 外爲 0.35〜0.40nm /s,LiF 爲 0.01~0.03nm /s。蒸鍍操 作間之移動操作係於真空中進行。於所得〇LED元件施加 電壓則發光面全體均勻發光,未見有缺陷。所得OLED元 件之特性如表2。 [實施例7] 使用依實施例3之方法得之淸漆,依實施例6之方法於 ITO玻璃基板上進行成膜操作,製作〇leD元件。於所得 OLED元件施加電壓則發光面全體均勻發光,不見缺陷。 所得OLED元件之發光面照片如第】圖。所得薄膜之1()及 OLED特性各如表1及表2。 [實施例8] 使用依實施例4之方法得之淸漆,依實施例6之方法於 ITO玻璃基板上進行成膜操作,製作OLED元件。於所得 OLED元件施加電壓則發光面全體均勻發光,不見缺陷。 所得薄膜之Ip及OLED特性各如表〗及表2。 -38- (36) (36)1355411 [實施例9] 使用依實施例5之方法得之淸漆,依實施例6之方法於 ITO玻璃基板上進行成膜操作,製作OLED元件。於所得 OLED元# 力口電Μ貝IJ發光面全II Θ句發# ,不Μ 0陷。 所得薄膜之Ip及〇 LED特性各如表1及表2。 [比較例1 ] 依非專利文獻10之方法合成噻吩5聚物。所得噻吩5聚 物不溶於DMAc,液體依然無色透明。 噻吩5聚物 [比較例2 ] 與實施例6同條件之ΙΤΟ玻璃基板予以導入真空蒸鍍裝 置內’不形成電洞注入層,以與實施例1之方法同之條件依 序蒸鍍a -NPD、Alq3、LiF、ΑΙ。所用之ΙΤΟ玻璃基板之Ιρ 如表1 ’所得OLED元件之特性如表2。於5V及7V之各電壓 、電流密度、亮度、電流效率等OLED元件特性比實施例 6〜8差。 [比較例3 ] 將聚伸乙二氧噻吩-聚苯乙烯磺酸水溶液以旋塗法塗敷 於與實施例6同條件之IT0玻璃基板上後煅燒,成均勻薄膜 -39- (37) (37)1355411 。锻燒條件及所得薄膜之Ip如表1 ^ 依同樣方法於ITO玻璃基板上形成電洞輸送性薄膜, 以如同實施例1之方法之條件製作OLED元件。所得OLED 元件之特性如表2。於5V及7V之各電壓、亮度、電流效率 等OLED元件特性比實施例6〜8差。 [比較例4] 使用CuPC (膜厚25nm、蒸鍍速率0.35〜0·40ηπι /s)作 爲電洞注入層,以如同實施例1之方法之條件依序蒸鍍《-NPD、Alq3、LiF ' Α1。所得OLED元件之發光面照片如第2 圖。 上述實施例及比較例中,黏度係用東京計器製E型黏 度計ELD-50測定。膜厚係用日本真空技術製 表面形狀測 定裝置 DEKTAK3ST測定。電流計係用橫河電機製 DIGITAL MULTIMETER 7555 ,電壓產生器係用 ADVANTEST製 DC VOLTAGE CURRENT SOURCE R6145 ’ 亮度計係用TOPCON製亮度計BM-8。游離電位係用理硏計 器製光電子分光裝置AC-2測定。 -40- (38)1355411 [表1] 燒成條件 Ip [eV] 實施例6(1) 1 8 0°C 30分鐘 5.67 實施例6(2) 220〇C 15分鐘 5.69 實施例7 1 8 0°C 30分鐘 5.76 實施例8 1 80°C 30分鐘 5.82 實施例9 1 8 0°C 30分鐘 6.0 1 比較例2 _ 5.10 比較例3 1 20°c 1小時 5.6 1 -41 - (39) (39)1355411 [表2] 電壓 [V] 電流 密度 [m A /c m2 ] 亮度 [cd/m2] 電流 效率 [cd/Al 發光開 始電壓 m 最高 亮度 [cd/m2l 實施例6 ( 1) 5.0 0.17 9.4 5.6 7.0 2.3 161 6.9 2.5 23 650 實施例6 (1 ) 5.0 0.8 1 40 5.0 7.0 8.2 507 6.2 2.5 262 1 0 實施例7 5.0 4.3 133 3.1 7.0 24 893 3.8 2.5 205 3 0 實施例8 5.0 1.4 45 3.2 7.0 7.6 305 4.90 2.5 1 4760 實施例9 5.0 0.11 3.2 3.0 7.0 0.45 1 7 3.7 2.5 50 12 比較例2 5.0 0.14 0.02 0.0 1 7.0 0.3 7 1.2 0.3 1 4.50 1 0640 比較例3 5.0 0.22 3 _ 1 1.4 7.0 11 253 2.9 2.75 56 10 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖 實施例7得之OLED元件之發光面照片。 第2圖 比較例4得之OLED元件之發光面照片。 -42-
Claims (1)
1355411 卜年日修正本· 第093132998號專利申請案中文申請專利範圍修正本 民國100年8月29曰修正 十、申請專利範圍 ^一種電荷輸送性有機材料,其特徵爲含一般式(1) 表示之具有1,4 -二噻畊環的化合物, R1
(1) (式中R1、R2、R3及R4示爲氫原子,X及γ各自獨立示選自 取代或非取代,且係2價共軛單元之苯胺、噻吩、呋喃、吡 咯、伸乙炔基、伸乙烯基、伸苯基、萘、蒽、咪唑、嚼哩、 嚼_•挫、喹啉、喹嚼啉、D比陡、嚼D定、吼Π井、伸苯伸乙稀基 、弗、咔唑、三芳胺、金屬-或無金屬-酞菁及金屬-或無金 屬-卟啉之至少1種’含於二噻畊環之2個硫原子各自獨立亦 可係SO基或S〇2基;p及r各自獨立係0或1以上之整數,qSi以 上之整數,係滿足p + q + r$20之數)。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項之電荷輸送性有機材料,其中 更含電子接受性摻質或電洞接受性摻質。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之電荷輸送性有機材料,I 中上述一般式(1)中之p、q、r滿足3$p + q + rgl〇e 4. 一種電荷輸送性清漆,其特徵爲含如申請專利範圍第 1〜3項中任一項之電荷輸送性有機材料,及溶劑。 5. —種電荷輸送性薄膜,其特徵爲使用如申靖w u _ 咐尋利範 1355411 圍第4項之電荷輸送性清漆製作。 6.—種有機電致發光元件,其特徵爲含如申請專利範圍 第5項之電荷輸送性薄膜》 7. —種式(1 )
(1) (式中R1 ' R2、X、Υ、p及r同上。R3及R4示爲氫原子,含 於二噻畊環之2個硫原子各自獨立亦可係SO基或S02基;q係1 以上之整數,係滿足P + q+r當2會之數) 表示之具有1,4-二噻畊環的化合物之製造方法,其特徵爲包 含 使式(2) (2) r1~W7h (式中R1示爲氫原子,X示選自取代或非取代,且係2價共 軛單元之苯胺、噻吩、呋喃、吡咯、伸乙炔基、伸乙烯基、 伸苯基、萘、蒽、咪唑、噁唑、噁二唑、咱啉、喹噁啉、吡 啶、嘧啶 '吡畊、伸苯伸乙烯基、莽、咔唑、三芳胺、金 屬-或無金屬-酞菁及金屬-或無金屬-卟啉之至少1種;p示1以 上之整數) 或式(3) -2- 1355411 R2—[-Υ-^-Η (3) L係2價共 乙烯基、 嚼啉、ϋ比 芳胺、金 ,1"示1以 (式中R2示爲氫原子,Y示選自取代或非取#,J 軛單元之苯胺、噻吩、呋喃、吡咯、伸乙炔基、伸 伸苯基、萘、蒽、咪唑、噁唑、噁二唑、π奎琳、咱 啶、嘧啶、吡畊、伸苯伸乙烯基、苐、咔唑、三 屬-或無金屬-酞菁及金屬-或無金屬-卟啉之至少1種 上之整數) 表示之化合物,與式(4) Hal1 A— (4) (式中Hal示鹵素原子) 表示之酸鹵化物在酸觸媒下反應,製造式(5) 0 R1—·[-X ]-- -LcH2—Hal2 (5) (式中R1、X、p及Hal同上) 或式(6 ) R2—[-Y I CH2—Hal2 (6) 135-5411 (式中R2 ' Υ、r及Hal同上) 表示之醯基化合物之第1步驟, 繼之,使式(5)表示之醯基化合物、式(6)表示之醯基 化合物、及鹼金屬硫化物反應,製造式(7) r1-4-x- 1 JP ο [CHjj—S-CH
(式中R1、R2、X、Y、p及r同上) 表示之硫化物之第2步驟,以及, 繼之,式(7 )表示之硫_化物以_硫羰化試劑i乍甩而朋環_之第 3步驟。 8 . 一種式(5 ) (5) R1+七 (式中R1、X、p及Hal同上) 或式(6 ) R2+七 Ο Lch2—Hal2 ⑹ (式中R2、Y、r及Hal同上) 表示之醯基化合物之製造方法,其特徵爲使式(2) -4- ⑧ (2) (2)1355411
(式中R1示爲氫原子,X示選自取代或非取代,且係2價共 軛單元之苯胺、噻吩、呋喃、吡咯、伸乙炔基、伸乙烯基、 伸苯基、萘、蒽、咪唑、噁唑、噁二唑、哇啉、喹嘌啉、吡 啶、嘧啶、吡畊、伸苯伸乙烯基、莽、昨哩、三芳胺、金 屬-或無金屬-酞菁及金屬-或無金屬-卟啉之至少i種,?示j以 上之整數) 或式(3 ) R2—[~Y-]^H (3) (式中R2示爲氫原子,Y示選自取代或非取代,且係2價共 軛單元之苯胺、噻吩、呋喃、吡咯、伸乙炔基 '伸乙烯基、 伸苯基、萘、葱、咪哗、嚼哩、嚼二哩、D奎啉、喹D惡啉、D比 啶、嘧啶、吡畊、伸苯伸乙烯基、荛、咔唑、三芳胺、金 屬-或無金屬-酞菁及金屬-或無金屬·卟啉之至少1種,r示1以 上之整數) 表示之化合物,與式(4) Hal1/^CH2—Hal2 (4) (式中Hal示鹵素原子) 表示之酸鹵化物在酸觸媒下反應》 1355411 9.如申請專利範圍第8項之醯基化合物之製造方法,其 中上述酸觸媒係二氯乙基鋁或氯二乙基鋁。 10·-種式(7) P 0 [CHjj—S-CH
⑺ (式中R1、R2、X、Y、p及r同上) 之硫化物之製造方法,其特徵爲使如申請專利範圍第8 或9項得之式(5)之醯基化合物、式(6)之醯基化合物、 及鹼金屬硫化物反應。 1 1 ·—種式(1 )
(1) (式中R1、R2、X、γ、ρ及Γ同上,R3及R4示爲氫原子,含 於二噻畊環之2個硫原子各自獨立可係SO基或S〇2基’ q係1以 上之整數,係滿足P + q + r$20之數) 表示之具有I,4·二噻畊環之化合物之製造方法’其特徵爲 使如申請專利範圍第1 〇項得之式(7 )之硫化物以硫擬化試 劑作用而閉環。
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