TWI270548B - Improved method for making nevirapine - Google Patents

Improved method for making nevirapine Download PDF

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TWI270548B
TWI270548B TW092117662A TW92117662A TWI270548B TW I270548 B TWI270548 B TW I270548B TW 092117662 A TW092117662 A TW 092117662A TW 92117662 A TW92117662 A TW 92117662A TW I270548 B TWI270548 B TW I270548B
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cyclopropylamino
bromine
chlorine
methyl
iodine atom
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TW092117662A
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TW200410971A (en
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Robert Frederick Boswell
Franklin Gupton
Young Sek Lo
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Boehringer Ingelheim Chemicals
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • A61P31/14Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/18Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/79Acids; Esters
    • C07D213/80Acids; Esters in position 3
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/81Amides; Imides
    • C07D213/82Amides; Imides in position 3
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/84Nitriles
    • C07D213/85Nitriles in position 3
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/12Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D471/14Ortho-condensed systems

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • AIDS & HIV (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)

Description

1270548 玖、發明說明: 技術領域 本發明為關於製備奈韋拉平之、 拎彘女、土、两和土 艮万法,及關於實施本 改艮万法過私時所產生之數個新賴之 先前技術 奈韋拉平為HIV反轉錄酶之非枝 秦人_咸仇. 非核甘抑制劑,其係用於治 療人一感术HI V。奈韋拉平之化學 氮-心甲基I二^基環丙基Μ·二 酮。其結構式為:- 1,4]一叶庚因_6_
奈韋拉平最早已知之合成方法由③格邮亭㈣等乂 描述於美國專利第5,366,972號。所使用之合成方法描述方 以下之反應圖解1。 S6005.doc 1270548
Cl
應,形成2-氯基菸鹼醯氣。其次,如圖解1所示,2-氯基菸 鹼醯氯與2-氯4-甲基-3-吡啶胺反應,產生2-氯-N-(2-氯-4-甲基-3-吡啶基)-3-吡啶羧醯胺。此以環丙胺反應,得到 N-(2-氯-4-甲基-3-吡啶基)-2-(環丙基胺基)-3-吡啶羰醯 胺。最後的步驟是環化,以產生出奈韋拉平,該反應來自 以氫化鈉處理最終之中間體。 由史克尼(Schneider)等人描述於美國專利第5,569,760號 之上述方法之改良,為現今所使用之奈韋拉平之商業製 造。於該合成之改良中,以環丙胺與2-氯-N-(2-氯-4-甲基 -3-吡啶基)-3-吡啶羧醯胺反應,是在中和劑之存在下進行 的,該中和劑為週期表第二主或第二次攔元素之氧化物或 86005.doc 1270548 氫氧化物車乂佳使用之中和劑為鹼土族金屬或鋅之氧化物 或氫氧化物,氧化鈣尤佳。 雖然由吴國專利第5,366,972號提供之合成方法為目前 已知取佳,其無論如何具有數個明顯的缺點。首先,由於 %丙胺與2-氯氯-4-甲基-3-吡啶基)-3-吡啶羧醯胺之 反應,進行於提高了的溫度(在13〇。至15〇t之間)及由於 環丙胺是如此高度揮發,該反應勢必進行於高壓反應槽。 其久,同於約1451:,2-氣(2-氯-4-甲基-3-吡啶基)-3-吡啶焱fe胺變得熱不穩定,及讓反應混合物之溫度高於該 μ度會有爆炸之風險。因此,必須慎重的小心控制反應混 合物之溫度,使維持於145°C以下,直到實質上全部該物 負已反應消耗完。而維持如此嚴密控制該反應混合物之溫 度疋困難的’而該反應為自己放熱反應使其控制更為困 難。第三,需要由過濾來除去中和劑。最後,由於副產物 之產生,合成之得率僅約25%。 因此’奈韋拉平有需要更好的合成方法。 發明内容 本發明由提供奈韋拉平之合成滿足該需求,即較安全、 車父南之得率及比任何已知方法更經濟。 實施方式 本發明所提供之奈韋拉平改良方法,描述於以下之反應 圖解2中。 86005.doc 1270548
圖解2 於最初之反應步騾中,式
之2-卣素-3-吡啶腈(1)與環丙胺(2)反應,產生2-(環丙基胺 86005.doc -10- 1270548
基)-3-吡啶腈(3),其中,# 、A X為氟、虱、溴或碘原子,較佳 為氯或溴。該反應進行於升高溫度下 φ , ^ . t 、 又性、有機溶劑 中*或不含水。週當的有機溶劑扣至匕之直鍵或支鍵 4、四氫呋喃、三甲基甲酸胺、二甘酵二甲鍵、甲苯、 及其類似物。較佳之溶劑為含或不含水之乙醇丙醇。 視需要,有機或無機之驗,如三乙胺、二異丙基乙基胺、 磷敗卸、碳酸鉤、碳_及其類似物,可被添加作為酸清 除劑。該反應可於室溫與回流溫度之間進行,但較佳之溫 度為介於77°及1〇〇。〇之間。 然後,2-(¾丙基胺基)_3_峨淀腈被水解,產生2·(環丙其 胺基…比錢酸(4),當其依據所揭示之步驟被分離時了 :要以兩性離子方式存在’因此被如圖解2來表示。水解 雨,腈之分離可隨意。該腈水解錢酸刊用強酸或強驗 減,依習用之方式進行。水解較佳為利料氧化氫及強 鹼,如氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鉀之水性混合物,或強鹼,如氳 氧⑽^氫氧化卸,及1至6個碳原子之醇的水性混合物來 進仃。最佳之水解為利用水性的卜丙醇及氫氧化卸來進 行。加熱至迴况會加速水解之速率。 然後2-(餐丙基胺基)_3_p比淀叛酸由反應介質中被分離出 來。可由調整pH至等電點而方便地達成,該等電點於大約 PH 6可達到。由此產生兩性離子,該離子沈澱,然後以過 遽將它分開及⑽。若水性醇及㈣於處理水解,該醇最 先由蒸餾除去。 其/人,Μ 2-(環丙基胺基)_3_吡啶羧酸用氯化劑處理,而 86005.doc 1270548 產生2-(環丙基胺基)-3_峨淀羰基氯(5)。適當的氯化劑為例 如,氯化亞硫醯、氯氧化磷、三氯化鱗、五氯化鱗、碳酿 氯及草醯鼠。鼠化反應依熟諳有機合成技藝者已知之方弋 進行。通常,較佳為將羧酸(4)與氯化劑回流,該氯化劑或 以純的方式使用,或以與適當的非質子性溶劑如甲苯、乙 腈、四氫呋喃或其類似物所成之溶液來使用。較佳為以純 氯化亞硫醯回流來進行氯化反應’任何多餘的氯化亞硫辟 可在後頭方便地以蒸發來除去它。由於大部分氯化劑產: 鹽酸,該反應步驟之產物(5)在圖解2中,被描述為鹽酸鹽。 其次,2-(環丙基胺基)_3_吡啶羰醯氯(5)與式 ch3 X人n」 之2-鹵素-4-甲基_3_吡啶胺(6)反應,其中,χ為氟、氯、溴 或碘原子,較佳為氯或溴。最佳之反應劑為2-氯_4_甲基 峨淀胺。產生N_(2_自素_4_甲基〜比唉基)_2_(環丙基胺 基)-3-吡啶羰醯胺(7),其中,χ為氟、氯、溴、或碘原子, ㈣為氯或溴。IU為會與㈣胺反應,必須先除去任何殘 :之氯化劑。若使用高度揮發性之氯化劑如純氯化亞硫 ^則可用療·發除去以留下固體的鹽酸鹽(5)。若氯化反 應’在溶劑中進行,則使用高度㈣之溶劑較佳,以便氯 化劑可用蒸發來除去,留下溶於溶劑中之鹽酸。在任何情 ’兄下’该鹽酸鹽(5)被維持於無水的條件下。該鹽酸鹽⑺ 86005.doc -12- 1270548 與吡啶胺(6)在溶解於適當的無水溶劑,如乙腈、四氫呋 喃、二甘醇二甲醚、二甲基甲醯胺、二噚烷、二氯甲烷、 或甲苯下被反應。任意的鹼,不管有機或無機,如三乙胺、 二異丙基乙胺、磷酸鉀、磷酸氳鉀、碳酸鈉、氫氧化鈉、 氫氧化鉀、或其類似物,可被添加於反應混合物中作為酸 清除劑。該反應速率可由加熱至溶劑之沸點而增加。 最後,將羧醯胺(7)環化以產生奈韋拉平。該環化反應可 在之間由在惰性無水有機溶劑,如二甘醇二 甲醚、甲苯、或四氫咬.喃之強鹼例如,氫化鈉(NaH)或六 甲基二矽氨烷鈉(NaHMDS)來處理該羧醯胺(7)而謗發。 以環丙胺來反應2-氯_3_吡啶腈,而合成中間體2_(環丙基 胺基)-3-吡啶腈,見於G· Η· Hardtmann等人所發表於Med. Chem. 1974,17,636之論文。 中間體,2-(環丙基胺基)吡啶羧酸(4)與2_(環丙基胺 基)-3-吡啶羰醯氯(5)被認為新穎,因此,被視為本發明之 一部分。 取好使用2-氯-3-吡啶腈作為起始材料(1),因為合成該物 質為已知,及市面上有售。另一2确素_3_吡啶腈可由相似 之方式容易地被合成。 環丙胺,起始材料(2)亦為市面上有售。 取好使用2-氯-4-甲基比啶胺作為反應物(6),因為合 成孩物質見於美國專利第6,399,7S1號;第5,686,6丨8 ;第 5,668,287,第 5,654,429及第 5,2〇g,522號。另 -2-自素-4_ 甲基j吡啶胺可由相似之方式容易地被合成。 86005.doc -13- 1270548 以下實施例更描述利用本發明所提供之改良方法,製備 奈韋拉平。雖然每一步騾之反應順序可先分離出前面步驟 之產物來進行,部分之反應步驟可在單一反應槽中逐次地 進行,不需分離前步騾所形成之中間體,因此可減少由於 容券、時間、清掃及勞力之相關成本。以下實例1至6描述 每一步驟完成時所形成之中間體是被分離的。實例7及8描 述部分反應步驟可在單一反應容器中,逐次進行,不需分 離前步驟所形成之中間體。 實例1,製備2-(環丙基胺基)-3-吡啶腈 於裝置有機械攪拌器、溫度控制器、濃縮器及添加漏斗 之反應瓶中’加入2-氯-3-?比淀腊(69.25 g,0·50 mol)、300 ml的乙醇及200 ml的水。一面攪拌,以3〇分鐘以上的時間, <30 C之溫度下滴加環丙胺(114 g,2.0 mol)。當完成添加, 該攪拌中之反應混合物,加熱至回流溫度20小時。將反應 混合物冷卻至60°C,然後利用水抽吸真空之真空蒸館,將 3 50 ml過剩之環丙胺及乙醇除去。該留下之水溶液冷卻至 室溫,放置過後。以過濾來收集固體產物,以水濕潤濾餅。 產量為81.51 g(理論產量為79.5 g)。 實例2 ’製備2-(環丙基胺基)-3-p比淀叛酸(兩性離子) 將45%水性KOH溶液(187 g,1.5 mol)充填入由實例1之 產品及300 ml之1-丙醇之混合物中。將該混合物以回流溫 度加熱約5小時,直到以TLC分析顯示,該腈被完全水解。 將反應混合物冷卻至室溫,以94 g的水處理,以便以共沸 蒸餾來除去1-丙醇。將大約330 g之水/ 1-丙醇共沸液在62 86005.doc -14- 1270548 C及21·1英吋水銀枉咼之氣壓下蒸餾掉。加入水(I”幻於 該混合反應物,冷卻至5-1〇t。以溫度能維持於3〇t以下 之速率來加入濃鹽酸(H8g,Umd)。約8〇_9〇%之酸加入 後,兩性離子開始沈澱析出,使得該混合物很稠。當全部 酸添加完畢,以過濾來收集固體產物,利用卯…冷水洗反 應容备至濾餅上。將該產物乾燥得到68·丨2 g之兩性離子。 實例3,製備2-(環丙基胺基)_3_吡啶羰醯氣 將氯化亞硫醯(25 ml,40·8 g,0.343 mol)以細流充填於 乙腈中由實例2所得之9:00 g,0.048 mol 2-(環丙基胺基>3-外匕淀叛酸。該混合物於回流溫度下加熱3〇分鐘。將該混合 物放冷’於40°C / 23英吋水銀柱高之壓力下將氯化亞硫醯 蒸發掉,直到罐内容物變稠。加入甲苯(25 ml),繼續於40 °C將氯化亞硫醯及甲苯蒸發,直到約一半之液體被蒸發 掉。所剩溶液放冷,攪拌以促進結晶。將庚烷(25 ml)於 攪拌中加入於該混合物,於一大氣壓的氮下將該混合物過 濾以得到該標題化合物。 實例4,製備N-(2-氯-4-甲基-3-吡啶基)-2-(環丙基胺基)-3- 吡啶羰醯胺 將 2-氯-4-甲基 _3_吡啶胺(5.70 g,0.040 mol)溶於 1〇 ml 乙腈之溶液,以快速滴入充填於由實例3來之鹽酸、磨碎 的無水磷酸鉀(8.49 g,〇.〇4 mol)及40 ml乙腈所成之混合物 中。该反應混合物於5〇加熱20小時’反應過程以HPLC 分析來監視。當反應完全,將反應混合物冷卻至室溫,以 50 ml水處理,而得到具有pH約4.5-5之溶液。將該混合物 S6005.doc -15 - 1270548 添加晞HC1溶液,使酸化至pH 1,於室溫下攪拌30分鐘。 將該反應混合物過濾以除去任何不溶物,將濾液以稀氫氧 化鈉溶液鹼化至pH 9-1 0,在室溫下攪拌3 0分鐘。然後將混 合物添加稀鹽酸酸化至pH 7-8,而於溶液頂形成暗油狀 層。水被加入,因為此舉在過去相似特性之實驗已觀察到 可促進結晶。油層於隔夜攪拌中緩慢結晶。收集固體產 物,於50°C真空烘箱中乾燥以得到9.37g之標題化合物。 實例5,利用六甲基二矽胺烷鈉製備11-環丙基-5,11-二氫 -4-甲基-611-二吡啶基[3、2-匕2、3’4][1,4]二吖庚因-6-酮(奈 韋拉平) 將裝置有磁攪拌器、溫度控制熱電偶、添加漏斗、及含 油泡供排除周遭空氣的冷凝器之反應三角瓶,以氮氣惰性 化,以3.02 g(0.010 mol)由實施例4來之N-(2-氯-4-甲基-3-吡啶基)-2-(環丙基胺基)-3-吡啶羰醯胺及30 ml無水THF充 填。將六甲基二矽胺烷鈉(NaHMDS)溶於THF(12.7 ml, 0.025 mol)之40%溶液滴加入,使反應混合物之溫度維持於 不超過30°C。當完成添加NaHMDS溶液,將反應混合物加 熱至回流溫度(約63-66°C)。當該反應完成(以HPLC分析), 將混合物冷卻至室溫。以1.55 g(0.050 mol)之甲醇及0.45 g 水(0。025 mol)處理反應混合物。於25-30英吋汞柱之氣壓, 50-60°水浴溫度下之旋轉蒸餾器中,濃縮該混合物。將重 4。44 g之殘渣產物以50 ml水研磨,由添加10%HC1溶液,將 該pH 10-12溶液酸化成pH 3。以過濾、來收集固體產物,以 10 ml水洗濾餅3次。將該濾餅在50-60°C之真空烘箱中乾燥 86005.doc -16- 1270548 以取得奈章拉平。 實例6,利用氫化鈉製備環丙基巧,u_二氫_4•甲基_6h_ 二吡哫基[352讣:2’,3’4][1,4]二吖庚因-6_酮(奈韋拉平) 將具有攪拌器、溫度控制熱電偶、添加漏斗及含油泡以 排除空氣之冷凝器之500 ml 4NRB三角瓶,以氮氣惰性 化,以A於礦油泥之60%氫化鈉15.00 g及120 ml之二甘醇 一甲醚充填。將混合物加熱至1 3 〇°C,以滴加41.7 g (0.1 3 8 mol)由實例4之N-(2-氯-4-甲基-3-吡啶基)-2-(環丙基胺 基)-3 -p比淀裝驗胺’於80°C溶於70 ml二甘醇二甲醚所得之 溶液處理。將該反應混合物於130°C加熱,直到氫氣停止 發生。混合物冷卻至室溫,小心滴加水(6.75 g)。當氫的發 生停止,另加1〇〇 ml水。加入酷酸(20 ml)以降低混合物之 pH從11-13到約7。另加100 ml水,將反應混合物於室溫條 件下攪拌3 0分鐘,以便產物結晶。以過滤收集固體產物, 滤餅以100 ml水洗,繼而以50 ml環己燒來除去從礦油一氣 化鈉泥中任何殘餘礦油。將濕餅於50°C之真空烘箱中乾燥 Μ小時,以取得35.5 8 g的奈章拉平 實例7,由2-氯-3-吡啶腈,於單鑛中合成2-(環丙基胺基 吡啶羧酸 86005.doc 1270548
將具有攪拌器、冷凝器、溫度控制熱電偶及添加漏斗之 一公升4NRB三角瓶,以2-氯-3-吡啶腈(27.70 g,0.20 mol) 充填,繼而充填120 ml之1-丙醇及80 ml之水。將三乙胺 (20·2 g,0·20 mol)—次添加,繼而以2分鐘以上的時間添 加環丙胺(17.10 g,0.30 mol)。以回流(86-87°C )加熱反應 混合物,2·5小時後,薄層色層(TLC)分析(矽膠,MTBE移 動相)顯示有一些產物形成。回流攪拌16小時後,TLC分析 顯示殘留少量的起始物。HPLC分析顯示含22%起始物,75% 2-(環丙基胺基)-3-吡啶腈。另再添加0.1 mol( 10.1 g)的三乙 胺(共30。3 g,0·30 mol的三乙胺)及0.03 mol的環丙胺(1.70 g),該混合物繼續於回流再加熱3小時。HPLC分析顯示殘 留15%的起始物。另再加4。0 g的環丙胺(共0.40 mol)混合物 於回流另加熱18小時。於時間終了,HPLC分析顯示含2,9% 之起始物。 將氫氧化钾(33.6 g,0.60 mol)加入,混合物於真空下加 86005.doc -18- 1270548 熱至約4代約15分鐘以除去任何揮發性之胺。然後將該混 合物於大氣1下回流加熱5小時,以便水解該腈成為叛 酸。加水(80 ml),將正丙醇蒸發作為與水之共沸液(共沸沸 點為87.7 C,28.3%水’ 71.7%正丙醇)。當蒸顧最高溫增加 至92°C,停止蒸餾,反應混合物放冷。 以冰甲醇浴將該反應混合物冷卻至約丨〇艺,滴加5〇 Μ (59·2 g)的37%HC1落液,並維持該反應混合物不超過25 C。加το所有HC1及擾拌約2分鐘後,2-(環丙基胺基)_3_吡 症長酸開始作更久的結晶,而產物成為餅狀。加水(1 〇〇 以瓦解固體塊,使混合物成可攪拌。約3〇分鐘後,以過濾 收集該固體。濃縮濾液以取得另一固體。以抽吸空氣乾燥 約2小時後’該濕飾固體重23·〇2 g。HPLC顯示含97%的 2-(環丙基胺基)-3-吡啶羧酸及濃度ι·8%與1.3%的兩支小而 不明的不純物尖峯。該固體於5〇真空烘箱中乾燥65小時 而得到1 8.1 9 g。 實例8,由2-氯-4-T基-3-吡啶胺及2-(環丙基胺基)-3_吡啶 叛酸(兩性離子)單鍋合成N-(2-氯-4-甲基-3-吡啶基)-2-(環 丙基胺基)-3-吡啶羰醯胺
86005.doc -19- 1270548 將裝置有機攪拌器、冷凝器、添加漏斗及溫度控制熱電偶 之250 ml 4 NRB三角瓶以2-(環丙基胺基)-3-吡啶羧酸(18。46 g,0.1 0 mol)充填。將氯化亞硫驢(22 ml,0.30 mol)以細流在 攪拌中加入反應三角瓶中,並將該混合物熱至回流32分鐘。 將反應混合物冷卻,冷凝器以真空蒸餾頭替換。將氯化亞硫 醯在40°C,23英吋之汞柱真空下蒸發掉,直到蒸餾壺之内容 變稠。加入甲苯(30 ml),繼續蒸餾直到約大部分之液體被蒸 發掉。加入另一 30 ml之甲苯,約一半的溶劑在真空中被蒸 發掉。將乙腈(60 ml)加入於該殘留混合物。滴加2-氯-4-甲基 -3 -ρ比淀胺(11 · 4g,0.080 mo 1)於40 ml乙腈之溶液,將該反應 混合物加熱至50°C,並攪拌過夜。於加入2-氯-4-甲基-3-吡 淀胺後,仔細地將壓碎的鱗酸4甲加入。16小時後,於5 0 °C, 將100 ml水加入於攪拌的反應混合物中(pH 4-5)。將反應混 合物過滤以除去少量之不溶物。將濾液(2層)以50%之氫氧化 鈉水溶液鹼化至pH 10-11,然後往回酸化至pH 8。由HPLC 分析,大部分產物在甲苯層中被發現。以300 ml的稀HC1溶 液(pH 1)萃取該甲苯層。利用10% NaOH水溶液將該水性酸層 鹼化至pH 8,而導致由研磨而緩緩結晶之油層分離出。於置 超過2天後,收集固體產物,於50°C真空乾燥,而得到21.40 g黃褐色之標題化合物。 86005.doc -20-

Claims (1)

  1. 拾、申請專利範圍: 其包括以下步騾: 1 · 一種製備奈章拉平之方法 (a)將式
    基)-3 -p比淀叛酸; (c) 由反應介質中將2_(環丙基胺基吡啶幾酸分離 出; (d) 以氯化劑處理2-(環丙基胺基)-3_吡啶羧酸,產生 2-(環丙基胺基)-3-吡啶羰醯氯; (e) 將2-(環丙基胺基吡啶羰醯氯與式
    之2 -鹵素-4_甲基-3-p比淀胺反應’其中X為氟、氯 '溪或 碘原子,較佳為氯或溴,來製造式
    86005.doc V 1270548 之Ν-(2-_素-4-甲基-3-吡啶基)-2-(環丙基胺基)-3-吡啶 羧醯胺,其中X為氟、氯、溴或碘原子,較佳為氯或溴, 及 (0以強鹼處理,將N-(2-自素-4-甲基-3-吡啶基)-2-(環 丙基胺基)-3-吡啶羧醯胺環化,得到奈韋拉平。 2· —種2-(環丙基胺基)-3-吡啶羧酸[BI49]之化合物。 3* 一種2_(環丙基胺基)-3-吡啶羰醯氯[BI50]之化合物。 4· 一種製備2-(環丙基胺基)-3-吡啶羧酸之方法,該方法包 括以下步驟: ·
    (a)將式 之2-鹵素3-吡啶腈與環丙胺反應,產生2气環丙基胺基)_弘 吡啶腈,其中X為氟、氯、溴、或碘原子,較佳為氣或 溴;及 (b)水解2-(環丙基胺基)比淀赌’產生2_(環丙基胺 基)-3 -p比淀叛酸。 5。 一種製備式
    叛縫胺之方法’其中X為氟、氯、溴、或碘原子,較佳 86005.doc -2 - 1270548 為氯或溴,該方法包括以下步驟: (a) 以氯化劑處理2-(環丙基胺基)_3-p比淀羧酸,產生 2-(環丙基胺基)-3-吡啶羰醯氯;及 (b) 將2-(J哀丙基胺基比淀致酿氯與式 CH.
    Η2 之2_ii素-4_甲基- 3-ρ比淀胺反應,產生Ν-(2·"鹵素-4 -甲基 -3-吡啶基)-2-(環丙基胺基)-3-吡啶羧醯胺,其中X為氟、 氯、溴或碘原子,較佳為氯或溴。 6. 一種製備N-(2-鹵素-4-甲基-3-吡啶基)-2-(環丙基胺 基)-3-吡啶羧醯胺之方法,該方法包括將2-(環丙基胺 基)-3-吡啶羰醯氯與式
    之2-画素-4-甲基-3-峨淀胺反應’其中’ X為鼠、氯、溴 或碘原子,較佳為氯或溴。 _05.doc
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