TW570896B - A method for fabricating an interference display cell - Google Patents

A method for fabricating an interference display cell Download PDF

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Publication number
TW570896B
TW570896B TW092114188A TW92114188A TW570896B TW 570896 B TW570896 B TW 570896B TW 092114188 A TW092114188 A TW 092114188A TW 92114188 A TW92114188 A TW 92114188A TW 570896 B TW570896 B TW 570896B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
display unit
manufacturing
item
sacrificial layer
patent application
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TW092114188A
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English (en)
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TW200426108A (en
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Wen-Jian Lin
Hsiung-Kuang Tsai
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Prime View Int Co Ltd
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Priority to TW092114188A priority Critical patent/TW570896B/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TW570896B publication Critical patent/TW570896B/zh
Priority to US10/796,997 priority patent/US7078293B2/en
Priority to KR1020040016874A priority patent/KR100659687B1/ko
Priority to JP2004102018A priority patent/JP2004354977A/ja
Publication of TW200426108A publication Critical patent/TW200426108A/zh
Priority to US11/413,603 priority patent/US7706044B2/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81CPROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • B81C1/00Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/001Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on interference in an adjustable optical cavity

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
  • Drying Of Semiconductors (AREA)

Description

570896 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種結構釋放製造方法,且特別是有 關於一種適用於光干涉式顯示單元結構上之結構釋放結構 及其製造方法。 【先前技術】 在微機電結構系統(Micro Electro Mechanical
System,MEMS)中,為了能製造懸浮微結構,如懸臂樑 (cantilever)、橫樑(beam)、薄板(membrane)、微流道 (channel)、孔穴(cavity) ' 微接頭(joint 〇r hinge)、連桿 (link)、曲柄(crank)、廢輪(gear)、齒條(rack)等等,犧 牲層技術的發展成為一個重要的關鍵,其中,移除 犧牲層的製程係採用一結構釋放蚀刻製程,因此, 微機電結構系統中的結構釋放結構對於移除犧牲層 的製程有關鍵性的影響。 現以一干涉式平面顯示結構為例,先來介紹習知之結 構釋放蝕刻製程。光干涉式顯示單元係為一微機電系統, 而光干涉式顯示單元的作用,係在能製造出一平面顯示 器。平面顯示器由於具有體積小、重量輕的特性,在可攜 式顯示設備,以及小空間應用的顯示器市場中極具優勢。 現今的平面顯示器除液晶顯示器(Liquid Crystal Display,LCD )、有機電激發光二極體(〇 rg a n i c 570896
Electro-Luminescent Display,OLED )和電漿顯示器 (Plasma Display Panel,PDP)等等之外,光干涉式的 平面顯示模式則提供使用者另一種選擇。 第1A圖至第1B圖係繪示習知光干涉式顯示單元的製 造方法。請參照第1 A圖,在一透明基材1 〇9上先依序形 成第一電極11〇及犧牲層111,再於電極11〇及犧牲層m 中形成開口 112以適用於形成支撐物於其内。接著,在開 口 112内形成支撐物106。然後,形成電極114於犧牲層 111及支撐物1 06之上。最後,請參照第1 b圖,以結構 釋放蝕刻(Release Etch Process)移除第1A圖所示之 犧牲層111而形成腔室116(犧牲層111的位置),腔室 116的長度D即為犧牲層111的厚度。 在微機電製程中,係以犧牲層的觀念來製作微懸浮結 構。製作懸浮可動的微結構,是利用元件結構層與犧牲層 材料之間的選擇性蝕刻(selective etching),將犧牲層去除 而留下結構層,此過程則稱之為結構釋放蝕刻。不同於i c 製程之處’選擇性蝕刻方式必須為等向性蝕刻(is〇tr〇pic etching) ’如此才可在結構層處造成底切或侧蚀(undercuf or underetching)現象,順利地使結構層與基底(substrate) 分離。 最廣為採用結構釋放蝕刻製程係為濕式結構釋放製 程,在蝕刻完成之後通常必須再經歷清洗(rinsing)與乾燥 (drying)兩個步驟,微結構才可真正懸浮於基底之上,但 是過程中卻非常容易發生結構與基底之間的沾黏(sticti〇n) 7 570896 現象 刻劑 為固 於矽 質, 氙是 機制 觸到 基。 蝕刻 移除 般而 解產 氟化 此, 二氟 即可 之俯 202 位於 及支 ,導致元件無法操作的情況,因此,以二氟化氣為餘 的乾式姓刻可以解決濕式蚀刻所產生的問題。 二氟化氙(Xenon Diflu 〇 ride,XeF2)在常溫常壓下 態,在低壓的環境下會昇華成氣態物質。二氟化氣對 材質’例如早晶梦、多晶梦及非晶梦,及某些金屬材 例如翻金屬、鉬合金…等等,具有相當高的蝕刻率。 鈍氣,二氟化氙相當不穩定,當二氟化氙進行蝕刻的 係由氙將兩個氟自由基帶至反應位置,當二氟化氣接 待蝕刻材質時,二氟化氙會分解並放出兩個氟自由 二氟化氙均相蝕刻的效果極佳,因而具有優異的側向 的能力。因此,二氟化氙被用於微機電系統製程中, 犧牲層的結構釋放蝕刻製程中,作為蝕刻劑之用。一 言,由於二氟化氙的活性相當的高,亦即二氟化氙分 生氟自由基的活化能相當的低,即使在室溫下,當二 氙分子一碰到待蝕刻材質幾乎是立刻發生反應,因 二氟化氙對材質層的蝕刻速度不太會因升溫而加速。 化氤#刻製程叙係於低於攝氏7 0度的溫度下操作 〇 請參照第2圖’第2圖係繪示習知光干涉式顯示單元 視不意圖。光干涉式顯示單元200具有分隔結構 ’如虛、線2021所丨,位於相對的兩邊,而支撐物204 光干式』示單元2〇〇的另外兩對邊,分隔結構202 撐物204係位於兩電極之間。支撐物2〇4與支撐物 及支撐# 204與分隔結構間具有間隙,氣態二氟化氙 204 570896 會由間隙滲入而對犧牲層(未繪示於圖上)進行蝕刻。以 氣態一敗化氣為餘刻劑的結構釋放餘刻的速度會因所欲姓 刻之犧牲層材質的不同而有所差異,一般而言,蝕刻速度 可超過每分鐘10微米’對有些材質的姓刻速度甚至可到 達每分鐘20〜30微米。對目前光干涉式顯示單元的尺寸 而言,一次結構釋放蝕刻僅需時數十秒至3分鐘。 以氣態二氟化氙為蝕刻劑進行結構釋放蝕刻製程雖然 具有上述之優點,但是二氟化氙本身的特性在結構釋放蝕 刻製程上具有無法降低成本的劣勢《二氟化氙價錢昂貴不 說’對水氣特別敏感且不穩定,二氟化氙一碰到水氣立刻 產生氟化氫,氟化氫不只危險,而且會降低蝕刻的效率。 再者’類似以二氟化氙為蝕刻劑進行結構釋放蝕刻的製程 鮮少見於半導體製程及一般平面顯示器之製程之上,因 此’目前半導體製程及液晶顯示器製程中已發展成熟的蝕 刻機台並不適用於以二氟化氙為蝕刻劑進行結構釋放蝕刻 製程之中。光干涉式顯示器的主要製程大多可沿用半導體 或一般平面顯示器的製程設備,而結構釋放蚀刻的製程缺 需要完全不同的機台設計,製程設備的重新整合對光干涉 式顯示器的發展及量產會造成極大的障礙。 【發明内容】 由於以二氟化氙為蝕刻劑的蝕刻設備的發展並未成 熟,不利於光干涉式顯示器的發展及量產。而且蝕刻劑二 氟化氣的仏錢昂貴且不穩定,因此,若能運用半導體或一 9 570896 般平面顯示器的餘刻製程設備來進行結構釋放蝕刻製程, 將可輕易整合光干涉式顯示器的製程設備,而且以低廉的 成本來進行結構釋放蝕刻製程。 一般半導體或一般平面顯示器的蝕刻設備不適用於 結構釋放姓刻的原因在於侧向蝕刻能力差,即使是使用含 有I基或疋亂基的姓刻劑,例如三敗化氮(N i t r 〇 g e η
Trifluoride,NF3)或六 i化硫(sulphur Hexafluoride, SF6 )等姓刻性質極佳的蝕刻劑,其蝕刻速率也僅介於每 分鐘3微米至1 〇微米之間,比以二氟化氣為蝕刻劑的蝕 刻速度慢數倍至十數倍。這對於光干涉式顯示器的生產速 度(Throughput)有極不利的影響。 遠端電聚係在電漿發生器中產生電漿之後,先將電漿 中帶電的成分部分或完全濾除後,再送入反應室中進行反 應側向餘刻主要的控制機制在於有效成分的擴散,遠端 電漿中主要的成分是自由基,因此,其生命週期較長,而 更有效的進行主要是侧向蝕刻之結構釋放蝕刻。另外, 自由基不壤咖 . 電’較不易受到電場的影響,均向蝕刻的效果 較好’也較有利於側向蝕刻。 另夕卜 ’提高遠端電漿(Remote Plasma)蝕刻製程的 溫度係^ _ •、’、一加速蝕刻速度、減少蝕刻製程時間的方法,因 為升溫會蚀、去 遠^電漿中自由基的能量提高,而降低反應的 活化能,另& ^ ^ ~ 力外’也會加速分子的擴散速度。但是,目前光 干涉式顯-- 不早元的製程中,支撐物係採用聚胺酯、環氧樹 酯等有機取 ^ ^ '來合物。而結構釋放蝕刻製程係於支撐物形成之 10 570896 後才進行 有有機成 而言後續 溫可以加 有鑑 示單元的 度,不必 本發 構,光干 是氣基的 本發 構結構釋 劑來取代 避免了製 本發 構結構釋 免了製程 根據 出一種光 極,兩電 質所製造 (PSG ) 質,例如 重要的是 。一般而言,有機物不耐高溫,若結構中已形成 分的元素,後續製程的溫度就會受到限制,大致 製程的溫度不能高於攝氏250度。因此,即令升 速餘刻劑的蝕刻速度,但是升溫受到限制。 於此,本發明的目的就是在提供一種光干涉式顯 製造方法,可加速結構釋放蝕刻製程的蝕刻速 受限於溫度的限制。 明的另一目的是在提供一種光干涉式顯示單元結 涉式顯示單元的製造方法,可以增加含有氟基或 蝕刻劑之側向蝕刻的速度。 明的又一目的是在提供一種光干涉式顯示單元結 放蝕刻製程,可以使用含有氟基或是氯基的蝕刻 二敗化氣’以進行結構釋放钮刻,降低製造成本, 程設備重新整合的困難。 明的再一目的是在提供一種光干涉式顯示單元結 放蚀刻製程’可以使用習用之餘刻製程設備,避 設備重新整合的困難。 本發明之上述目的,在本發明一較佳實施例中提 ,干涉式顯示單元結構,具有第一電極及第二電 極間以支撐物支撐。支撐物係採用無機耐溫的材 ,例如旋塗式玻璃(Spin-〇n-Glass )、磷矽玻璃 、硼磷矽玻璃(BPSG),當然也可採用一般介電材 氧化矽、氮化矽、氮氧化矽或金屬氧化物等等, ,必須採用耐熱絕緣無機材料。 11 570896 另 電極並 放蝕刻 的遠端 如,選 是其任 干涉顯 材料形 不再受 250度 程。因 氙製程 根 以耐熱 知蝕刻 製程設 漿的生 蝕刻的 干涉式 【實施 為 加清楚 發明所 外,在第二電極上也可以形成孔洞,孔洞貫穿第二 暴露出位於第二電極下方之犧牲層,以加速結構釋 製程。因此,習知適用於半導體或一般平面顯示器 電漿蝕刻製程’以含有氟基或是氣基的蝕刻劑,例 自於四氟化碳、三氣化硼、三氟化氮、六氟化硫或 意組合所組成之族群為蝕刻劑的蝕刻製程,進行光 π單7G之結構釋放蝕刻製程^在使用耐熱絕緣無機 成支撐柱的情況下,遠端電漿蝕刻製程的溫度環境 限於必須低於攝氏250度,而是可以提高超過攝氏 ,甚至在高達攝氏500度之下進行遠端電漿蝕刻製 此,所需的結構釋放蚀刻製程的時間與使用二氟化 相當。 據本發明所揭露的光干涉式顯示單元製造方法中, 絕緣無機物取代原來有機聚合物來形成支撐柱使習 製程取代二氟化氣蝕刻製程成為可能,進而避免了 備重新整合的困難。遠端電渡的使用增加了蝕刻電 命週期及電聚側向蚀刻的能力,更加速了結構釋玫 速度’縮短結構釋放#刻所需的時間,進而增加光 顯不器的生產速度。 方式】 了讓本發明所提供之光干涉式顯示單元製造方法更 起見’現在於本發明實施例中詳細說明如何運用本 揭露之光干涉式顯示單元結構,並進一步由實施例 12 570896 之揭露來解釋本發明之優點。 第3 A圖至第3 C圖係繪示本發明較佳實施例的一種光 干涉式顯示單元結構的製造方法。請先參照第3A圖,在 一透明基材301上先依序形成第一電極3 02及犧牲層 306,其中,犧牲層306可以採用透明的材質,例如介電 材質,或是不透明材質’例如金屬材質、多晶矽或非晶矽, 在本實施例中係採用蚱晶矽作為形成犧牲層306的材質。 以一微影蝕刻製程於第一電極3 02及犧牲層306中形成開 口 308,開口 308係適用於形成支撐物於其内。 接著,在犧牲層306形成一材質層310並填滿開口 308。材質層310係適用於形成支撐物之用,材質層310 所使用的材質係為耐熱絕緣無機材質,例如以旋塗法形成 矽酸鹽,例如旋塗式玻璃(Spin-On-Glass)、难梦玻璃 (PSG)、硼磷矽玻璃(BPSG),當然也可採用一般介電材 質,例如以化學氣相沉積製程形成之氧化矽、氮化矽、氮 氧化矽或金屬氧化物等等。 請參照第3B圖,經由一微影蝕刻製程在材質層31〇 上疋義出支撐物312,接著,在犧牲層3〇6及支撐物312 上方形成一第二電極304。在第二電極304之上可以具有 至少一孔洞3 1 4,以縮短後續結構釋放蝕刻製程所需的時 間。移除部分位於犧_ 3〇6之上之材質I 31〇以形成支 撐物312的方法也可以包括一化學機械研磨製程。 最後,以含有氟基或是氣基的蝕刻劑,例如四氟化碳、 三氯化硼、三氟化氮或六氟化硫為前驅物以產生一遠端電 13 570896 漿蝕 物間 之上 306 牲層 質, 到攝 當蝕 如自 增加 放姓 製程 刻製 沉積 的二 以限 神和 護範 【圖 刻犧牲層3 06,其中,遠端電漿除了由支撐物與支撐 之間隙(未繪示於圖上)進行蝕刻,若第二電極304 具有孔洞3 1 4,則亦可由孔洞3 1 4滲入來蝕刻犧牲層 而以結構釋放蝕刻(Release Etch Process)移除犧 306而形成如第3C圖所示之腔室316。 與習知相較,形成支撐物的材質係為耐熱絕緣無機材 所以,在結構釋放蝕刻製程中,可以將製程溫度升高 氏2 50度以上,甚至可以將溫度提升到攝氏5〇〇度。 刻製程的溫度提高之後,遠端電漿中的活性物質,例 由基與犧牲層之材質反應活化旎降低,蝕刻反應速度 ’使整個結構釋放蝕刻製程所需的時間縮短。 另外’可存在於可動電極上的孔洞也可以縮減結構釋 刻所需的時間,而使適用於半導體製程或平面顯示器 之餘刻製程可以運用在光干涉式顯示單元結構釋放蝕 程之上。因此,避免了二氟化氣蝕刻製程設備與其他 蚀刻製程設備整合的困難。再者,因為不需使用昂責 氟化氣蚀刻製程,可以降低製造的成本。 雖然本發明已以一較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用 定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精 範圍内,當可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保 圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 式簡單說明】 第1 A圖至帛1 B圖係、命示習知光干涉式顯示單元的製 14 570896 造方法; 第2圖係繪示習知光干涉式顯示單元之俯視示意圖; 以及 第3 A圖至第3 C圖係繪示本發明較佳實施例的一種光 干涉式顯示單元結構的製造方法。 【元件代表符號簡單說明】 106 :支撐物 109、 301 :透明基材 110、 114、302、304 :電極 111、 306 :犧牲層 112、 308 :開口 116' 316:腔室 200:光干涉式顯示單元 202 :分隔結構 2021 :虛線 206 :箭頭 310 :材質層 3 1 4 :孔洞 D :長度 15

Claims (1)

  1. 570896 拾、申請專利範圍 1. 一種光干涉式顯示單元的製造方法,適用於一基材 之上,該方法至少包含: 形成一第一電極於該基材之上; 形成一犧牲層於該第一電極之上;· 形成至少二開口於犧牲層及該第一電極之内並定義出 該光干涉式顯示單元之位置; 形成一耐熱絕緣無機支撐物於該開口之内; 形成一第二電極於該犧牲層及該耐熱絕緣無機支撐物 之上;以及 以一遠端電漿蝕刻製程移除該犧牲層。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之光干涉式顯示單元的 製造方法,其中該第二電極係為一可動電極。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之光干涉式顯示單元的 製造方法,其中該第二電極更包括至少一孔洞,該孔洞暴 露出下方之該犧牲層。 4.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之光干涉式顯示單元的 製造方法,其中該遠端電漿蝕刻製程中形成一遠端電漿之 前驅物包括含有氟基或是氯基的蝕刻劑。 16 570896 5 如申 製造方法, 前驅物係選 硫或其任意 6.如申 製造方法, 質或矽材質 7·如申 製造方法, 矽酸鹽或介 8. 如申 製造方法, 硼磷矽玻璃 9. 如申 製造方法, 化矽或金屬 1 0 ·如 _ 請專利範圍第彳& Ί項所述之光干涉式顯示單元的 、~遠&電毁麵刻製程中形成一遠端電漿之 自於四氟化碳、三氣化硼、三氟化氮、六氟化 組合所組成之族群。 °月專利圍第1項所述之光干涉式顯示單元的 其中該犧牲層的材質可以為介電材質、金屬材 請專利範圍第1項所述之光干涉式顯示單元的 其中形成該耐熱絕緣無機支撐物的材質可以為 電材質。 請專利範圍第7項所述之光干涉式顯示單元的 其中該梦酸鹽可以為旋塗式玻璃、破石夕玻璃、 或氧化石夕。 清專利範圍第7項所述之光干涉式顯示單元的 其中該介電材質吁以為氧化矽、氮化矽、氮氧 氧化物。 請專利範圍第彳項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 17 570896 的製造方法,其中形成該耐熱絕緣無機支撐物的方法更包 括: 形成一耐熱絕緣無機材質層於該開口之内及該犧牲層 之上;以及 移除位於犧牲層上之部分該耐熱絕緣無機材質層。 11·如申請專利範圍第1〇項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 的製造方法,其中形成該耐熱絕緣無機材質層的方法為旋 塗法。 1 2 ·如申請專利範圍第1 0項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 的製造方法,其中形成該耐熱絕緣無機材質層的方法為化 學氣相沉積法。 13.如申請專利範圍第10項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 的製造方法,其中移除位於犧牲層上之部分該耐熱絕緣無 機材質層可以為一微影蝕刻製程。 1 4 ·如申請專利範圍第1 0項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 的製造方法,其中移除位於犧牲層上之部分該耐熱絕緣無 機材質層可以為一化學機械研磨製程。 1 5.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 18 570896 的製 250 材之 該光 之上 間的 的製 的製 暴露 造方法,其中該遠端電漿蝕刻製程的溫度介於約攝氏 度至攝氏500度。 16. —種光干涉式顯示單元的製造方法,適用於一基 上,該方法至少包含: 形成一第一電極於該基材之上; 形成一犧牲層於該第一電極之上; 形成至少二開口於犧牲層及該第一電極之内並定義出 干涉式顯示單元之位置; 形成一耐熱絕緣無機支撐物於該開口之内; 形成一第二電極於該犧牲層及該耐熱絕緣無機支撐物 :以及 以一遠端電漿蝕刻製程在攝氏250度至攝氏500度之 溫度下移除該犧牲層。 17. 如申請專利範圍第16項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 造方法,其中該第二電極係為一可動電極。 1 8.如申請專利範圍第1 6項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 造方法,其中該第二電極更包括至少一孔洞,該孔洞 出下方之該犧牲層。 1 9.如申請專利範圍第1 6項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 19 570896 的製造方法,其中該遠端電漿蝕刻製程中形成一遠端電漿 之前驅物包括含有氟基或是氣基的蝕刻劑。 20. 如申請專利範圍第16項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 的製造方法,其中該遠端電漿蝕刻製程中形成一遠端電漿 之前驅物係選自於四氟化碳、三氟化硼、三氟化氮、六氟 化硫或其任意組合所組成之族群。 21. 如申請專利範圍第16項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 的製造方法,其中該犧牲層的材質矸以為介電材質、金屬 材質或矽材質。 22·如申請專利範圍第16項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 的製造方法’其中形成該耐熱絕緣無機支撐物的材質可以 為矽酸鹽或介電材質。 23. 如申睛專利範圍第22項戶斤述之光干涉式顯不单元 的製造方法,其中該梦酸鹽可以為旋塗式玻璃、磷矽玻璃、 爛磷矽玻璃或氧化石夕。 24. 如申请專利範圍第22項戶斤述之光干涉式顯示單元 的製造方法,其中該介電材質可以為氧化矽、氮化矽、氮 氧化矽或金屬氧化物。 20 570896 25.如申請專利範圍第16項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 的製造方法,其中形成該耐熱絕緣無機支撐物的方法更包 括: 形成一耐熱絕緣無機材質層於該開口之内及該犧牲層 之上;以及 移除位於犧牲層上之部分該耐熱絕緣無機材質層。 26·如申請專利範圍第25項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 的製造方法,其中形成該耐熱絕緣無機材質層的方法為旋 塗法。 27·如申請專利範圍第25項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 的製造方法,其中形成該耐熱絕緣無機材質層的方法為化 學氣相沉積法。 28·如申請專利範圍第25項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 的製造方法,其中移除位於犧牲層上之部分該耐熱絕緣無 機材質層可以為一微影蝕刻製程。 2 9.如申請專利範圍第25項所述之光干涉式顯示單元 的製造方法,其中移除位於犧牲層上之部分該耐熱絕緣無 機材質層可以為一化學機械研磨製程。 21
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8582040B2 (en) 2008-06-10 2013-11-12 Industrial Technology Research Institute Functional device array with self-aligned electrode structures and fabrication methods thereof

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US7706044B2 (en) 2010-04-27
JP2004354977A (ja) 2004-12-16
US20060257070A1 (en) 2006-11-16
US20050003667A1 (en) 2005-01-06
KR100659687B1 (ko) 2006-12-21
TW200426108A (en) 2004-12-01
US7078293B2 (en) 2006-07-18
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