TW550168B - Method of manufacturing a multi-layer packaging laminate and packaging laminate obtained by the method - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing a multi-layer packaging laminate and packaging laminate obtained by the method Download PDF

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Publication number
TW550168B
TW550168B TW090103252A TW90103252A TW550168B TW 550168 B TW550168 B TW 550168B TW 090103252 A TW090103252 A TW 090103252A TW 90103252 A TW90103252 A TW 90103252A TW 550168 B TW550168 B TW 550168B
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Taiwan
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scope
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TW090103252A
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Katarina Flemmer Karlsson
Mikael Berlin
Mats Bentmar
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Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50Multilayers
    • B05D7/52Two layers
    • B05D7/54No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/548No curing step for the last layer
    • B05D7/5483No curing step for any layer
    • B05D7/5485No curing step for any layer the two layers being applied simultaneously
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/007Slide-hopper coaters, i.e. apparatus in which the liquid or other fluent material flows freely on an inclined surface before contacting the work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/30Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by gravity only, i.e. flow coating
    • B05D1/305Curtain coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50Multilayers
    • B05D7/56Three layers or more
    • B05D7/58No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/588No curing step for the last layer
    • B05D7/5883No curing step for any layer
    • B05D7/5885No curing step for any layer all layers being applied simultaneously
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/10Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/80Paper comprising more than one coating
    • D21H19/82Paper comprising more than one coating superposed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/724Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B32B2307/7242Non-permeable
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2317/00Animal or vegetable based
    • B32B2317/12Paper, e.g. cardboard
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2553/00Packaging equipment or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/10Packing paper
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1334Nonself-supporting tubular film or bag [e.g., pouch, envelope, packet, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1341Contains vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1379Contains vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit
    • Y10T428/1383Vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit is sandwiched between layers [continuous layer]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/263Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
    • Y10T428/264Up to 3 mils
    • Y10T428/2651 mil or less
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)

Description

550168 A7 五、發明說明(1 . 本μ月有關I造包裝薄片之裝置以及利用該包裝薄片 形成及充填包裝。 包装薄片概括包含一種具有一或多個塗佈層之基材。塗 佈層可依照其組成而適合以融化塑膠施用、或可以溶液戋 位於:載體液體中之一種散佈物方式濕潤地施用,然後; 行乾燥。至今爲止,已藉由中間乾燥步驟以濕潤方 地施加塗佈層。 濕塗佈層亦適用於相紙製造領域之基材,因此,已知利 用一種滑動式塗佈機或簾幕式塗佈機將數個濕層同時施加 至一基材。 σ人已發現可採用此類技術來製造包裝薄片。 因此,本發明現在提供一種製造包裝薄片之方法,該包 裝薄片包含一基材,此基材具有至少兩個相疊的塗佈層。 該方法包含將兩個或更多個濕塗佈層施加至該基材,以在 基材上設置相疊的濕層,並將該等層加以乾燥。 該等濕塗佈層較佳包含從下列至少兩類選出的至少一層 :黏性層、氣體阻礙層、分離層、氧氣清除層、及熱密封 層。通常採用聚烯烴(較佳爲聚乙烯)作爲熱密封層,但亦可 採用其他種熱塑性塑膠。· 黏性層可在基材與一塗佈層之間、或兩塗佈層之間提供 黏著的作用。常使用乙烯丙烯酸(ΕΑΑ)或乙晞甲基丙晞酸 ΕΜΑΑ ((甲基)丙烯酸-聚烯烴共聚物)作爲黏性層。此類黏 性聚合物亦可作爲熱密封層。 利用氣體阻礙層使得不良氣體或蒸汽滲透通過包裝薄片 -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -ϋ I I 1 11 ϋ H 一. 0, ( ϋ I ·1 I ϋ n ▲ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 550168 五、發明說明(2 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制农 A7 B7 的情形減少,水蒸汽與氧氣係爲食品、醫藥及化妝品包裝 中的此類氣體阻礙層之主要攔截目標,但此類氣體阻礙層 的攔截目標亦可爲其他種氣體或蒸汽。可以濕式或乾式施 用以形成氣體阻礙層的材料係包括:聚乙烯醇(PVOH)、申 乙基乙烯醇(EVOH)及澱粉。 分離層的作用係爲降低由分離層所分隔的兩層之間的氧 氣刀壓力’因此減緩了氧氣通過其他層的擴散速率。 氧氣清除層係包含可與氧氣起反應以免氧氣進一步滲透 通過包裝薄片之氧氣清除物質,譬如,此層中可採用維生 素C作爲一種活性的氧氣清除劑,其他的氧氣清除劑包括維 生素E、鐵及Fe2+。 熱密封層便於利用熱密封將包裝薄片的相同或相對表面 丁以封合,而能夠製成具有剛性或可變形的包裝。 至少一個該等塗佈層較佳爲一種氣體阻礙層,其中包含 一種含有一層流微粒散佈物之聚合物。該等微粒較佳爲一 種剝落的無機層流化合物,此等微粒及其用於形成氣體阻 礙層的用途已經過多方討論,其中包括Ep-A-〇59〇263及左 格等人的參考文件(1)。 較佳利用-種滑動式塗佈機或簾幕式塗佈機來施加該等 濕塗佈層,ϋ兩種不同型的塗佈機係肖述於柯漢等人的未 考文件⑺。簡言之,纟滑動式(或級聯式)塗佈機中,係將 塗佈流體泵送通過通道抵達一斜面卜 ― 丁吗上而沿考此斜面終端的 -個陡峭邊緣流下。-個接受塗佈的網係沿著—塗佈輥盥 該邊緣mi佈材料層係流過μ㈣ -5- 4紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
550168 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 A7 B7 五、發明說明(3 ) 隙而將網加以塗佈。不同的流體層並不會相混合而是互相 重疊流動。在簾幕式塗佈液體中,以相同方式形成流體層 ,但是網並不與斜面邊緣相鄰,而是使得流動層經過斜面 邊緣並落在一簾幕中而抵達位於板底緣後方之一個水平的 網上。 可以預先計量式塗佈技藝中所習知的方式來控制流體層 的黏度,以保持效能並產生最佳效能。一般在滑動式塗佈 中,底層應具有較佳50毫泊(mPas)或更小、更佳5至1〇毫泊 低的黏度。各個較高層的黏度則應略微增大,但另一方面 表面能量則應減小。可依需要以本技藝習知方式使用介面 活性劑’特別是在使用簾幕式塗佈時。 如滑動式塗佈機技藝所習知,可在壓模後方(亦即斜面的 邊緣)施加一種略微的往下壓力,用以拉動薄膜抵住網的表 面,可由靠近塗佈壓模及網輥之小型風扇產生此作用。 基材較佳爲紙、硬紙板或塑膠膜,其各依需要具有一或 多個塗佈層。可藉由分離的濕塗佈及乾燥作業、或是由链 如融$擠製及擠製疊層等熱疊層技術,來構成此類早先成 形的空佈層。由濕塗佈及乾燥製成之一種層的習知應用中 ,因A基材具有受損(基·材較厚(如硬紙板)則較不易發生受 相)或產生乾燥破裂之危險,所以通常這並不是有利的方式 。當基材馬薄紙或塑膠膜時,則較佳先前並未進行濕塗佈 ,故僅承受一次乾燥作業的應力。 本發明包括-種如同上述的方法,該方法進—步包含將 -或多個塗佈層施加至所乾燥層的上方。並且,可藉:一 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ▼裝--------訂--------赢 -6 - 550168 A7
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(4 ) 分離的濕塗佈及乾燥作業、或藉由譬如融化擠製及擠製疊 層等熱疊層技術,來構成此等後續施加的層。譬如可用一 種習知方式將聚乙烯熱密封層設置在濕塗佈層的上方。 上述塗佈方法所施加的層較佳具有約50微米的總濕厚度 。若低於45微米則難以正確地操作塗佈設備。對於本發明 較佳採用的固體含量範圍(亦即約5至25%之間)而言,高的 總厚度可能更難以乾燥並需要更複雜的乾燥設備。因此, 同時塗佈的層一般應該需要45至100微米、更佳45至6〇或45 至55微米的合計厚度(濕潤)。 在此合計厚度範圍内,可自由地選擇各層的厚度。 較佳至少有一層不超過20微米的濕厚度,更佳至少有一 層可能爲2至10微米濕厚度的範圍。 較佳在此薄層中塗佈最昂貴的材料。 這與各別乾燥的連續濕層之習知應用不同,其中各層在 適當施用時至少需具有30至40微米。 基材可使得由薄片構成的包裝(譬如紙或硬紙板包裝)具有 形狀整體性;或可產生用於製造囊或袋或是作爲包覆薄膜 用之撓性薄片。根據本發明的一項較佳實施例,可進一步 在硬紙板包裝薄片中使用譬如WO-A-99/46121號所描述之薄 紙或薄膜載體基材。 本發明包括根據申請專利範圍第i至7項中任一項之方法 所構成之一種多層包裝薄片,該包裝薄片包含具有不超過 20微米濕厚度之至少一層以及(1)具有氧氣阻礙性質之至少 一層,使得薄片的氧氣傳輸在1大氣壓下24小時不超過i 5〇 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ti I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂-------S. 550168 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明(5 丄方A 77 / f方公尺(23度C,83%相對濕度);或(2)至少〆氧 氣清除層。 上述條件下,氧氣傳輸較佳不超過50立方公分/平方公尺 。虱氣傳輸更佳不超過20立方公分/平方公尺、更佳不超過 10乂方公分/平方公尺、最佳不超過1立方公分/平方公尺。 根據本發明的方法可能進一步包含由該包裝材料形成一 包取,且可能進一步包含譬如充填該包裝及關閉該包装等 其他步驟。 可利用根據本發明製成的包裝來包裝食品或飲料產品, 包括牛奶及果汁(包括冷卻或無菌室溫儲存的鮮柑橘汁)或用 於包裝薄片的各種任意習知用途。 現在夺照圖式由較佳實施例的下列描述來進一步説明本 發明,其中·· 圖1頑TF使用一滑動式塗佈機來塗佈一網;及 圖2頭示使用一簾幕式塗佈機來塗佈一網。 如圖1所示,一包裝薄片基材網10 (譬如硬紙板)係以逆時 針别進的方式承載在一塗佈輕12上,塗佈輕12與一滑塊14 相鄰’滑塊14具有一上斜面26,上斜面26的下端係終止於 一個與網1 〇相隔一間隙之邊緣丨6。 滑塊14具有四個通道18、2〇、22、24,其導向斜面26中 的各個槽口以進給四股塗佈材料物流。可設置更多或更少 個通道與槽口,進給通過的塗佈液體係在斜面26上方以相 疊方式流動而不產生混合,並跨過邊緣丨6處的間隙將網加 以jt:佈’然後此網糾往一個乾煤器(未圖示)。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) I - I - · ----— II ^ . — 11 —-- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -8- 550168 A7 B7 五、發明說明(6 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 圖2中,譬如硬紙板等一種包裝薄片基材網1 0係以水平方 式由右往左前進3 —個塗佈材料的簾幕2 8則類似圖1所示方 式從一滑塊14邊緣16落下,相疊的塗佈液體流係沿著滑塊 14的斜面流下到邊緣16,而從邊緣16以簾幕28狀掉落到網 10,然後此網前往一個乾燥器(未圖示)。 範例中,本發明包括一種包裝薄片,該包裝薄片在一面 上含有一種基材(譬如硬紙板),並藉由一或數項作業濕式施 加任何一種下列型式的層: /adh/PVOH/dist/PVOH/adh/ /adh/nano/dist/nano/adh/ / adh/nano/dist/nano/eater/adh/ / adh/P VOH/nano/dist/nano/P VOH/adh/ / adh/P VOH/nano/dist/nano/P VOH/eater/adh/ 其中= PV〇H = PV〇H的氣體阻礙層,其可包括一種額外的少量聚合 物,譬如較佳爲EAA ; adh =黏性層; 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 nano =含有微粒之載體聚合物; eater=含有一氧氣清除劑之載體聚合物: dist=分離層。 具體而言,所施用的此等層可包括下列順序: /EAA/PV0H +微粒/PV0H + EAA/PV0H +微粒/EAA/ 參考文件 I.C.左格,P.瑞闕特,F.戴區,T.英格哈特及R.莫黑特的’’基 -9 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)~ 550168 A7 ______Β7 五、發明說明(7 ) 於層狀矽酸鹽之塑膠及橡膠微複合物’’,塑膠技術2000, 歐洲康司多夫塑膠(Kunstoffe Plast Europe) 1988年10月。 2.柯漢及Ε·高多夫的”現代塗佈及乾燥技術” ρρι Π-122, VCH出版。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 働 — I I I I I , 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ο 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)

Claims (1)

  1. 550168第90103252號專利申請案,' Α8 私 土主申請妻ϋ圍修正本(9〇年uy II 、 申請專利範圍 1.- *ξ|* 種製造多層包裝薄片之〜方龙,
    裝薄片包含位於至 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 少兩個相疊的塗佈層上之一種基材,且特徵在於該方法 包含將兩或更多的濕塗佈層施加至該基材以在該基材上 設置濕的相疊層,並將該等層加以乾燥。 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該濕塗佈層係包括由 從下列各物選出的至少兩類所構成之至少一層:黏性層 、氣體阻礙層、分離層、氧氣清除層、及熱密封層。 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中至少一個該濕塗佈層 係為一種氣體阻礙層,該氣體阻礙層係包含一種含有一 層流微粒散佈物之聚合物。 如申叫專利範圍第3項之方法,其中該等微粒係為一種剝 落的無機性層流化合物。 如申请專利範圍第1項之方法,其中利用一種滑動式塗佈 機或簾幕式塗佈機來施加該濕塗佈層。 如申叫專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該基材為紙、硬紙板 、或塑膠薄膜,其各依需要具有一或多個塗佈層。 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其進一步包含胃將一或多個 塗佈層施加在所乾燥層的上方。 如申请專利範圍第1項之方法,其進一步包含由該包裝材 料形成一種包裝。 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其進一步包含充埴該包 裝。 10. —種多層包裝薄片,其根據申請專利範圍第丨項之方法所 構成,並包含具有不超過20微米濕厚度之至少一層以及 2. 3 4. 6. 7. 9. (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
    打 费』 -11 - 550168 A8 B8 C8 D8 #、申請專利範圍 (1)具有氧氣阻礙性質之至少一層,使得該包裝薄片在i 大氣壓下24小時内的氧化傳輸不超過15〇立方公分/平方 公尺(23度C,83%相對濕度);或(2)至少一氧氣清除層。 11·如申請專利範圍第1〇項之包裝薄片,其在1大氣壓下^斗小 時内具有不超過5〇立方公分/平方公尺的氧氣傳輸(23度〇 ,83%相對濕度)。 12.如申請專利範圍第u項之包裝薄片,其在1大氣壓下μ小 時内具有不超過2 0立方公分/平方公尺的氧氣傳輸(2 3度c ,83%相對濕度)。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印策 -12- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)
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US6845599B2 (en) 2005-01-25
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BR0107904B1 (pt) 2010-10-19
US20030003197A1 (en) 2003-01-02
RU2252825C2 (ru) 2005-05-27
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SE515824C2 (sv) 2001-10-15
CN1419479A (zh) 2003-05-21

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