TW201604007A - 纖維強化複合材料 - Google Patents
纖維強化複合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201604007A TW201604007A TW104109279A TW104109279A TW201604007A TW 201604007 A TW201604007 A TW 201604007A TW 104109279 A TW104109279 A TW 104109279A TW 104109279 A TW104109279 A TW 104109279A TW 201604007 A TW201604007 A TW 201604007A
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Abstract
本發明提供一種無損剛性、輕量且耐衝擊性、制振性及防飛散性優異之纖維強化複合材料。
本發明之纖維強化複合材料係將僅由無機纖維構成之纖維結構體(1)與含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)積層並於該等中含浸樹脂而成者,其特徵在於:纖維強化複合材料之最外層係僅由無機纖維構成之纖維結構體(1),且含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)存在至少一層,並存在於中心層以外之層。
Description
本發明係關於一種使用全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維強化複合材料。
以往,由無機纖維與基質樹脂構成之纖維強化複合材料由於其機械強度尤其優異,故而被較多地用於運動用途以及輸送機械用途、一般產業用途等。
然而,無機纖維強化複合材料存在如下問題,即:雖然剛性優異,但制振性並不足,於因衝擊而損傷之情形時,複合材料會飛散。
已知若於無機纖維強化複合材料中複合異種纖維,則會對重量、強度、耐衝擊性、制振性帶來變化。因此,提出有為了提高無機纖維強化複合材料之特性而利用各種方法複合異種纖維之方法(參照專利文獻1)。
[專利文獻1]日本特開2012-139841號公報
如上所述,迄今為止,為了不損害剛性、輕量且具有優異之耐衝擊性並且提高制振性及防飛散性而研究了各種複合材料、複合形態。
然而,可充分體現出各種效果之纖維強化複合材料仍未被發現。
本發明之目的在於提供一種無損剛性、輕量且耐衝擊性、制振性及防飛散性優異之纖維強化複合材料。
本發明之目的係藉由如下纖維強化複合材料而達成,該纖維強化複合材料係將僅由無機纖維構成之纖維結構體(1)與含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)積層並於該等中含浸樹脂而成者,其特徵在於:纖維強化複合材料之最外層係僅由無機纖維構成之纖維結構體(1),且含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)存在至少一層,並存在於中心層以外之層。
又,本發明較佳為,於纖維結構體(1)及(2)整體中,含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)為5~40質量%。
又,本發明較佳為,含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)係僅由全芳香族聚酯纖維構成之纖維結構體,且,於纖維結構體(1)及(2)整體中,該纖維結構體(2)為5質量%以上。
進而,本發明之目的係藉由如下預浸體而達成,該預浸體係將樹脂含浸、塗佈或層疊於上述纖維強化複合材料所使用之含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體而成。
又,較佳為於上述預浸體中,全芳香族聚酯纖維之總纖度為15~1100dtex,單紗纖度為5dtex以下,且纖維結構體係單位面積重量50~100g/m2之梭織物。
本發明係與僅由無機纖維構成之複合材料相比,不會較大地損害剛性、輕量、且耐衝擊性、制振性及防飛散性之提高一併體現者。
又,藉由使用全芳香族聚酯纖維,相比於使用芳香族聚醯胺纖維之情形而更有效地體現出上述全部特性。
1‧‧‧紡絲頭
2‧‧‧紡絲盒
3‧‧‧紡絲噴頭
4‧‧‧加熱器
5‧‧‧保溫筒
6‧‧‧油劑賦予裝置
7‧‧‧第一導絲輥
8‧‧‧第二導絲輥
9‧‧‧捲取繞線筒
10‧‧‧實施例之纖維強化複合材料
20‧‧‧比較例之纖維強化複合材料
A‧‧‧預浸體A
B‧‧‧預浸體B
圖1係表示實施例1之纖維強化複合材料之說明圖。
圖2係表示比較例2之纖維強化複合材料之說明圖。
圖3係表示實施例2之纖維強化複合材料之說明圖。
圖4係表示用於本發明之熔融紡絲裝置之一例之概略的說明圖。
本發明之纖維強化複合材料係將僅由無機纖維構成之纖維結構體(1)與含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)積層並於該等中含浸樹脂而成者。
作為本發明所使用之無機纖維,可列舉碳纖維、玻璃纖維、氧化鋁纖維、硼纖維、碳化矽纖維、鈦酸鉀纖維、不鏽鋼纖維、PBO纖維等。該等纖維素材可單獨使用,或者亦可將2種以上之纖維混合使用。
無機纖維之纖度只要可達成本發明之目的即可,並未特別限定。
本發明所使用之全芳香族聚酯纖維係由全芳香族聚酯系聚合物形成。
上述全芳香族聚酯系聚合物係由芳香族二羧酸、芳香族二醇及/或芳香族羥基羧酸或該等之衍生物構成之聚合物,根據情形,亦包含該等與脂環族二羧酸、脂環族二醇、脂肪族二醇或該等之衍生物之共聚物。
此處,作為芳香族二羧酸,可列舉對苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、4,4'-二羧基聯苯、2,6-二羧基萘、1,2-雙(4-羧基苯氧基)乙烷等或該等之烷基、芳基、烷氧基、鹵基之核取代體。
作為芳香族二醇,可列舉對苯二酚、間苯二酚、4,4'-二羥基聯苯、4,4'-二羥基二苯甲酮、4,4'-二羥基二苯甲烷、4,4'-二羥基二苯乙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)丙烷、4,4'-二羥基二苯醚、4,4'-二羥基二苯基碸、4,4'-二羥基二苯硫醚、2,6-二羥基萘、1,5-二羥基萘等或該等之烷基、芳基、烷氧基、鹵基之核取代體。
作為芳香族羥基羧酸,可列舉對羥基苯甲酸、間羥基苯甲酸、2-羥基萘-6-羧酸、1-羥基萘-5-羧酸等或該等之烷基、芳基、烷氧基、鹵基之核取代體。
作為脂環族二羧酸,可列舉反式-1,4-二羧基環己烷、順式-1,4-二羧基環己烷等或該等之烷基、芳基、鹵基之核取代體。
作為脂環族及脂肪族二醇,可列舉反式-1,4-二羥基環己烷、順式-1,4-二羥基環己烷、乙二醇,1,4-丁二醇、苯二甲醇等。
於該等之組合中,作為於本發明中較佳之全芳香族聚酯系聚
合物,例如可列舉:(a)由對羥基苯甲酸殘基40~70莫耳%、上述芳香族二羧酸殘基15~30莫耳%與芳香族二醇殘基15~30莫耳%構成之共聚酯;(b)由對苯二甲酸及/或間苯二甲酸、氯對苯二酚、苯基對苯二酚、及/或對苯二酚構成之共聚酯;及(c)由對羥基苯甲酸殘基20~80莫耳%與2-羥基萘-6-羧酸殘基20~80莫耳%構成之共聚酯等。
為了使用上述起始原料獲得本發明所使用之全芳香族聚酯
系聚合物,直接或者藉由脂肪族或芳香族單羧酸或其等之衍生物、脂肪族醇或酚類或其等之衍生物等所致之酯化而進行聚縮合反應。作為聚縮合反應,可採用已知之塊狀聚合、溶液聚合、懸浮聚合等,所獲得之聚合物可直接或者以粉體狀於不活性氣體中或減壓下進行熱處理而製成紡絲用試樣。或者,亦可利用一次擠出機進行造粒而使用。
成分中亦可於其強力於實質上不會降低之範圍內含有其他
聚合物或者添加劑(顏料、碳、熱穩定劑、紫外線吸收劑、潤滑劑、螢光增白劑等)。
本發明中之全芳香族聚酯系聚合物存在適合紡絲之分子量
範圍。使用「流動起始溫度」作為適合該熔融紡絲條件之分子量所對應之物性值。「流動起始溫度」係由如下溫度而定義,即:使用島津製作所製造之流變儀CFT-500並利用直徑1mm、長度10mm之噴嘴,於壓力100kg/cm2之狀態下將試樣以4℃/分鐘升溫並使試樣通過噴嘴而流動,且賦予4,800帕斯卡秒之表觀黏度的溫度。
於本發明中,適合熔融紡絲之全芳香族聚酯系聚合物之「流動起始溫度」較佳為305~325℃。
本發明中之全芳香族聚酯纖維之總纖度之範圍較佳為15~1100dtex,更佳為100~440dtex。
藉由使用細纖度之纖維,可填埋與含有其他纖維之層之間隙而抑制剛性受損。再者,若纖度過細,則有會損害剛性而難以同時具備較高之剛性、耐震性及防飛散性之傾向。
又,本發明中之全芳香族聚酯纖維之單紗纖度較佳為12.0dtex以下,更佳為5.0dtex以下。又,長絲數之範圍較佳為3~1000,更佳為10~800。
本發明中之全芳香族聚酯纖維之強度較佳為10.0cN/dtex以上,更佳為12.0cN/dtex以上,進而更佳為20.0cN/dtex以上。
又,伸長率較佳為5.0%以下,更佳為3.0%以下。
進而,彈性模數較佳為400cN/dtex以上,更佳為500cN/dtex以上。
本發明中之全芳香族聚酯纖維之製造利用公知之熔融擠出方法進行即可。
例如,藉由使用如圖4所示之熔融紡絲裝置進行。
於圖4中,1係紡絲頭,2係紡絲盒,3係紡絲噴頭,4係加熱器,5係保溫筒。
全芳香族聚酯系聚合物通常會被顆粒化以適合熔融紡絲,且係使用擠壓機型之擠出機。經擠出之聚合物通過配管而被輸送到紡絲頭1,並由齒輪泵等公知之測量裝置(未圖示)測量,於在紡絲盒2內通過過濾器後進入紡絲噴頭3。聚合物配管至紡絲噴頭3之溫度較佳為設為聚合物之熔點以上、熱分解溫度以下。
藉由於紡絲噴頭3之正下方設置加熱器4與保溫筒5而使經噴出之纖維之直徑穩定化,並且抑制因外部氣體而導致之紡絲噴頭之表面溫度及紡絲噴頭下之環境溫度變化,於拉絲下之細化變得均勻而有容易成為無斷頭或起毛產生等之穩定之紡絲之傾向。
又,較佳為將紡絲噴頭孔內之剪斷速度設為104~105sec-1。本發明所提及之剪斷速度γ係藉由下述式而求出。
γ=4Q/π r3
(其中,r為紡絲噴頭孔之半徑(cm),Q為各單孔之聚合物噴出量(cm3/sec))
若為上述範圍,則有纖維之配向變得充分而容易獲得細纖度之纖維,從而容易獲得目標之物性之傾向。
又,於全芳香族聚酯纖維之情形時,難以於紡絲捲取後之後步驟中伸長,故而為了獲得單紗纖度4.0dtex以下之複絲,較佳為將樹脂自儘可能細之細孔噴出。為此,紡絲噴頭之孔徑(直徑)較佳為0.2mm以下,更佳為0.18mm以下。
又,適合熔融紡絲之全芳香族聚酯系聚合物於熔點+30℃、剪斷速度1000sec-1時之熔融黏度較佳為10 Poise以上、50 Poise以下。若為該範圍,則可穩定地製造單紗纖度4.0dtex以下之全芳香族聚酯纖維。即,若熔融黏度未達10 Poise,則有自紡絲噴頭擠出之聚合物容易變成液滴狀而紡絲之穩定性欠佳之傾向。於熔融黏度超過50 Poise之情形時,有隨著使纖度變細而產生單紗斷頭之虞,從而有紡絲之穩定性欠佳之傾向。
再者,熔融黏度係由如下而定義,即:使用Capillograph(東洋精機製
作所製造型號1B)並利用直徑0.5mm、長度5mm之噴嘴,於將試樣於熔點+30℃升溫並使試樣通過噴嘴時施加1000sec-1之剪斷速度時之黏度。
如上述般經紡絲之全芳香族聚酯纖維於利用油劑賦予裝置
6賦予特定之油劑後,由第一導絲輥(godet roll)7及第二導絲輥8捲取並被捲取於捲取繞線筒9(紡絲捲取繞線筒)。
於製造單紗纖度為4.0dtex以下之全芳香族聚酯纖維時,於
第二導絲輥8與捲取繞線筒9之間測定之紡絲捲取張力較佳為5cN以上、60cN以下,更佳為10cN以上、50cN以下,進而較佳為20cN以上、40cN以下。若張力未達5cN,則會因纖維鬆弛而導致絲捲繞於第二導絲輥8或產生捲取繞線筒9之形狀不良。通常,只要為單紗纖度超過4.0dtex之纖維,即便紡絲捲取張力為70~100cN左右,紡絲捲取繞線筒之形狀亦不會崩壞而可穩定地捲取,若單紗纖度為4.0dtex以下,則於紡絲捲取張力超過60cN之情形時,有會產生紡絲中之斷頭或於其後之回捲步驟中產生單紗斷頭或原纖化而損壞絲品質之傾向。
再者,於本發明中,紡絲捲取張力係表示如下者,即:針對於由捲取繞線筒9捲取時所施加之張力進行測定而得者。
若單紗纖度成為4.0dtex以下,則各單紗之強力降低,即便
為稍小之損傷亦容易產生原纖化、單紗斷頭及斷絲。又,全芳香族聚酯纖維與一般之聚酯纖維相比伸長率極低,故而施加於纖維之張力無法吸收亦會成為原纖化或斷絲之原因。進而,若單紗纖度成為4.0dtex以下,則紡絲捲取繞線筒之體密度增高。此時,重疊在一起之單紗彼此容易嵌入,故而於將紡絲捲取繞線筒之纖維解舒時,會因單紗彼此干擾而導致產生原纖化
或單紗斷頭等。因此,於紡絲時將捲取張力設為5cN以上、60cN以下,儘可能減輕紡絲捲取時之絲所受到之負擔,極力降低紡絲捲取繞線筒之體密度而使單紗之嵌入減輕,藉此可防止原纖化、單紗斷頭及斷絲,從而可穩定地製造高品質之單紗纖度4.0dtex以下之全芳香族聚酯纖維。
如上述般獲得之全芳香族聚酯纖維係即便為單紗纖度為4.0
dtex以下之細物纖維,於下述之回捲或熱處理中亦不會產生單紗斷頭或原纖化,且其後之步驟通過性亦優異之高品質者。
利用紡絲而獲得之全芳香族聚酯纖維可直接使用,亦可藉由
進行熱處理而進一步高強度化、高彈性化。於此情形時,較佳為於熱處理前,將紡絲捲取繞線筒之纖維暫時回捲於另一熱處理用繞線筒並製成封裝。
此時,為了製造單紗纖度4.0dtex以下之全芳香族聚酯纖維,藉由將紡絲步驟中之紡絲捲取張力設為5cN以上、60cN以下,可獲得回捲中之纖維之解舒性(reelability)變得良好且無單紗斷頭或斷頭之高品質之絲。
於向熱處理用繞線筒之回捲時,為了均勻地進行固相聚合,
較佳為將封裝之體密度設為0.01g/cc以上、1.0g/cc以下,更佳為設為0.8g/cc以下。
此處,體密度係根據纖維之佔據體積Vf(cc)及纖維之質量Wf(g)並藉由Wf/Vf而計算之值,上述纖維之佔據體積Vf(cc)係根據封裝之外尺寸與成為芯材之熱處理用繞線筒之外尺寸而求出。再者,佔據體積Vf係藉由實際測量封裝之外形尺寸,假設被回捲之繞線筒旋轉對稱並進行計算而求出之值,Wf係根據纖度與捲取長度進行計算所得之值或者根據捲取前後之質量差實際測量所得之值。為了降低體密度,較佳為將回捲速度設為
500m/分鐘以下,更佳為設為400m/分鐘以下。
熱處理較佳為於上述全芳香族聚酯纖維之熔點以下之溫度
下進行。藉此,全芳香族聚酯纖維可進行固相聚合而使強度、彈性模數提高。再者,由於有於熱處理時纖維間容易融著之傾向,故而為了防止纖維間之融著,較佳為自常溫階段性地上升至熔點以下之溫度為止。
於熱處理中,為了使固相聚合穩定地進行,較佳為於不活性
氣體環境下進行。然而,於考慮到成本之方面而使用乾燥空氣之情形時,較理想為預先除濕至露點-40℃以下。即,原因在於存在如下情形,即:若於固相聚合時存在水分,則會誘發水解而導致強度無法充分地上升。
熱處理後之纖維雖亦可直接以封裝之形態作為製品提供,但
為了提高製品搬運效率,較佳為再次回捲於紙管等。於熱處理後之回捲中,回捲速度之上限並未特別限制,但就減輕對纖維之損傷之方面而言,較佳為設為500m/分鐘以下,更佳為設為400m/分鐘以下。
作為本發明所使用之含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體
(2),可列舉僅由全芳香族聚酯纖維構成之纖維結構體或者由全芳香族聚酯纖維與無機纖維構成之纖維結構體等。
於本發明中,較佳使用僅由全芳香族聚酯纖維構成之纖維結構體,可更有效地抑制分散。
又,於製成由全芳香族聚酯纖維與無機纖維構成之纖維結構體之情形時,較佳為將全芳香族聚酯纖維於纖維結構體(2)中設為50質量%以上。
關於本發明所使用之全芳香族聚酯纖維及無機纖維,為了活
用其強度,較佳為作為長纖維而使用。進而較佳為將該等作為無撚之複絲
而使用。
又,亦可根據增強形態而作為短纖維使用。
又,全芳香族聚酯纖維與無機纖維之形態可相同亦可不同。
又,僅由無機纖維構成之纖維結構體(1)與含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)分別較佳為梭織物、針織物、乾式不織布、濕式不織布(包含紙)、向一方向並齊之長纖維集合體或短纖維集合體等纖維結構體。
又,本發明所使用之纖維結構體之單位面積重量較佳為50~100g/m2。例如,若所使用之纖維之總纖度為100dtex,則較佳為50g/m2左右,若為400dtex,則較佳為100g/m2左右。
若為高單位面積重量,則可期待纖維之強化效果,但難以使含有樹脂均勻地充滿,於製成纖維強化複合材料時,有損害剛性之虞。另一方面,若為低單位面積重量,則強化纖維不充足,故而同樣地有損害剛性之虞。
再者,僅由無機纖維構成之纖維結構體(1)與含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)之單位面積重量可相同亦可不同。
本發明之纖維強化複合材料需要纖維強化複合材料之最外層由僅由無機纖維構成之纖維結構體(1)構成。藉由於最外層配置僅由無機纖維構成之纖維結構體(1),可維持剛性,並且可藉內層之含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體來防止飛散。
又,本發明之纖維強化複合材料需要以如下方式而構成,即:含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)存在至少一層,並存在於中心層以外之層。
於本發明中,「存在於中心層以外之層」意指含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)存在於形成纖維強化複合材料之厚度方向之中心部分之層以外之層。
又,將含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)越配置接近於外層,越能賦予較高之制振性。
含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)不限於存在一層,可存在複數層,亦可夾持中心層而於兩側各存在一層或者複數層。
又,亦可設為含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)之層存在於纖維強化複合材料之厚度方向之中心部分,並含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)存在於該中心層以外之層。
於本發明中,較佳為於纖維結構體(1)及(2)整體中,含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)為5~40質量%。
若全芳香族聚酯纖維之比率較低,則難以獲得制振性及防飛散性之效果,相反,若無機纖維之比率較低,則有剛性降低之傾向。
又,於使用僅由全芳香族聚酯纖維構成之纖維結構體(2)作為含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)之情形時,較佳為該纖維結構體(2)於纖維結構體(1)及(2)整體中至少含有5質量%以上。
作為本發明所使用之樹脂,可列舉:酚系樹脂(酚醛清漆型、可溶酚醛型)、環氧樹脂(雙酚A型、酚醛清漆型、溴化型、脂環式型等)、乙烯酯系樹脂(雙酚A型、酚醛清漆型、溴化型等)、不飽和聚酯樹脂、交聯甲基丙烯酸系樹脂、脲樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、鄰苯二甲酸二烯丙酯樹脂、呋喃樹脂、聚矽氧系樹脂等熱硬化性樹脂;及烯烴系樹脂(例如聚乙烯、
聚丙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物等)、聚酯系樹脂(例如聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二酯等)、聚醯胺系樹脂(例如聚醯胺6、聚醯胺66等脂肪族聚醯胺、脂環族聚醯胺、芳香族聚醯胺等)、苯乙烯系樹脂(例如聚苯乙烯等)、(甲基)丙烯酸系樹脂、聚醚系樹脂、聚碳酸酯系樹脂、離子聚合物樹脂(例如烯烴系離子聚合物、氟系離子聚合物等)、熱塑性彈性體(苯乙烯系熱塑性彈性體、胺酯系熱塑性彈性體、烯烴系熱塑性彈性體、氯乙烯系熱塑性彈性體、聚酯系熱塑性彈性體、聚醯胺系熱塑性彈性體等)等熱塑性樹脂。
該等樹脂可單獨使用,或亦可組合兩種以上使用。該等樹脂
之中,較佳為酚系樹脂、環氧樹脂、乙烯酯系樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂、交聯甲基丙烯酸系樹脂等熱硬化性樹脂,尤佳為環氧樹脂。
又,亦可將熱硬化性樹脂與熱塑性樹脂進行複合。或者亦可
於樹脂中包含阻燃劑、耐光劑、紫外線吸收劑、平滑劑、抗靜電劑、抗氧化劑、脫模劑、塑化劑、著色劑、抗菌劑、顏料、導電劑、矽烷偶合劑、無機系塗佈劑等功能劑。
又,纖維結構體每一層之樹脂單位面積重量較佳為30~50
g/m2。於樹脂單位面積重量未達30g/m2之情形時,樹脂不足而層間密接性降低,從而可能會損害剛性。另一方面,於樹脂單位面積重量超過50g/m2之情形時,由於強化纖維不足,故而同樣地可能會損害剛性。
本發明之纖維強化複合材料利用例如以下之方法製造即
可。首先,於由無機纖維構成之纖維結構體(1)及含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)中分別含浸、塗佈或層疊樹脂,而分別製備以由無機纖
維構成之纖維結構體(1)構成之預浸體A與由含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)構成之預浸體B。
具體而言,於使用熱硬化性樹脂之情形時,製備將熱硬化性
樹脂溶解於溶劑中而成之樹脂組成物,並將其含浸或塗佈於上述纖維結構體後,使用棒式塗佈機或軋輥等去除多餘之樹脂組成物,藉此可製備預浸體。
又,於本發明所使用之預浸體中,全芳香族聚酯纖維較佳為
其總纖度為15~1100dtex,單紗纖度為5dtex以下,又,纖維結構體較佳為單位面積重量50~100g/m2之梭織物。
繼而,使用各1個以上之預浸體A與預浸體B,以纖維強化
複合材料之最外層為預浸體A且預浸體B存在至少一層,並存在於中心層以外之層之方式分別將複數個預浸體A與預浸體B積層,並將該等接合而製成纖維強化樹脂複合材料。
作為於積層了複數個預浸體後將該等接合之方法,可採用高
壓釜成形法、壓縮成形法等公知之成形方法,只要根據目標之形狀或熱硬化性樹脂或熱塑性樹脂等所使用之樹脂之種類而應用最佳之成形方法即可。尤佳為高壓釜成形法與壓縮成形法,該等方法可促進與附著於纖維表面之接著劑成分之化學鍵結,從而可更有效地體現出上述纖維結構體與樹脂之接著性提高。
於將使纖維朝一方向並齊之長纖維集合體用作纖維結構體
之情形時,較佳為以預浸體內部所含之纖維之方向相互正交之方式積層。
又,於本發明之纖維強化複合材料除採用上述方法以外,於
使用熱塑性樹脂之情形時亦可採用如下方法,即:將纖維結構體與熱塑性樹脂膜交替地重合複數片並進行加熱加壓之壓縮成形法、或預先將樹脂熔融並使該樹脂附著於纖維結構體之方法。又,於使用熱硬化樹脂之情形時,亦可採用手工塗佈法等。
[實施例]
以下列舉實施例對本發明具體地進行說明。
實施例中之各評價係以如下方式而進行。
1)全芳香族聚酯纖維之強度、伸長率、彈性模數
依據JIS L1013(2010)之標準時試驗,使用拉伸試驗機(島津製作所製造,AGS-500NX),以試樣長度200mm、拉伸速度200mm/分鐘求出斷裂強伸度及彈性模數(初期抗拉伸率)。
2)纖維強化複合材料之彎曲強度
依據JIS K7017以三點彎曲進行測定。
3)纖維強化複合材料之衝擊值
依據JIS K7111進行測定。
4)纖維強化複合材料之振動衰減性
依據JIS G0602算出對數衰減率。
5)纖維強化複合材料之斷裂能
使用夏比衝擊試驗機算出完全斷裂所需之能量。
6)紡絲捲取張力
使用金井工機公司製造之電子式張力計CM-100R,於紡絲捲取中測定3次圖4之第二導絲輥8與捲取繞線筒9間之移行張力,並以其平均值表示。
(實施例1)
製作將環氧樹脂(樹脂單位面積重量40g/m2)塗佈於使用了強度25cN/dtex、伸長率2%及彈性模數600cN/dtex之全芳香族聚酯纖維(KB SEIREN股份有限公司製造之「Zxion(賽昂)」(註冊商標),總纖度220 dT,單紗纖度4.6dtex)之平紋織物(單位面積重量64g/m2,紗織密度經緯均為35條/inch(2.54cm))而成之預浸體片B。
使用將環氧樹脂(樹脂單位面積重量40g/m2)塗佈於碳纖維3K平紋交叉(單位面積重量340g/m2)而成者作為預浸體A,如圖1所示,以A×1層/B×5層/A×16層/B×5層/A×1層之構成進行積層,並利用高壓釜成形法(溫度130℃,時間120分鐘,壓力5MPa)獲得纖維強化複合材料10。
針對所獲得之纖維強化複合材料10進行各評價。將其結果一併示於表1。
(比較例1)
準備將實施例1所使用之預浸體A以成為與實施例1之纖維強化複合材料相同厚度之方式積層22片而成者,並於相同條件下進行高壓釜成形。
針對所獲得之纖維強化複合材料進行各評價。將其結果一併示於表1。
(比較例2)
將實施例1所使用之預浸體A與預浸體B如圖2所示般以A×9層/B×10層/A×9層之構成積層,並以與實施例1同樣之方式製備纖維強化複合材料20。
針對所獲得之纖維強化複合材料20進行各評價。將其結果一併示於表1。
(實施例2)
將實施例1所使用之預浸體A與預浸體B如圖3所示般以A×17層/B×10層/A×1層之構成進行積層,並以與實施例1同樣之方式製備纖維強化複合材料10。
針對所獲得之纖維強化複合材料10進行各評價。將其結果一併示於表1。
(比較例3)
使用將環氧樹脂(單位面積重量40g/m2)塗佈於使用了碳纖維15K之單向材料(單位面積重量60g/m2)而成者作為預浸體C(單位面積重量100g/m2),錯開45°積層為48層,並以與實施例1相同之條件進行高壓釜成形。
針對所獲得之纖維強化複合材料進行各評價。將其結果一併示於表1。
(實施例3)
製作將環氧樹脂(單位面積重量40g/m2)塗佈於使用了強度25cN/dtex、伸長率2%及彈性模數600cN/dtex之全芳香族聚酯纖維(KB SEIREN股份有限公司製造之「Zxion(賽昂)」(登錄商標),單紗纖度2.3dtex)之單向材料(單位面積重量60g/m2)而成之預浸體片D(單位面積重量100g/m2)。
再者,上述全芳香族聚酯纖維係以如下方式而製造。
即,將表現熔融異向性之全芳香族聚酯樹脂(熔點340℃,於熔點+30℃,剪斷速度1000sec-1時之熔融黏度30 Poise)於140℃之真空乾燥機中乾燥24小時而使水分率為5ppm後,於單軸擠出機中熔融擠出,利用齒輪泵測量並將樹脂供給至紡絲盒。此時之擠出機出口至紡絲盒之紡絲溫度設為360℃。自具有48個孔徑0.09mm之孔之紡絲噴頭以噴出量11.6cc/分鐘噴
出樹脂。對所噴出之樹脂賦予油劑並引導至第一導絲輥、繼而第二導絲輥,將48條長絲均以867m/分鐘捲取於捲取繞線筒而獲得全芳香族聚酯纖維。
此時之捲取張力(紡絲捲取張力)為20cN。於大約120分鐘之捲取中未產生斷頭而紡絲操作性良好。繼而,以300m/分鐘進行自紡絲捲取繞線筒向熱處理繞線筒之回捲。於50000m之回捲中未產生單紗斷頭或斷頭而良好地實施回捲,操作性亦良好。將該纖維以310℃於氮氣中處理10小時後,進行自熱處理繞線筒向紙管之回捲。於50000m之回捲中未產生單紗斷頭或斷頭而良好地實施回捲,操作性亦良好。
將預浸體C與預浸體D以C×1層/D×4層/C×30層/D×4層/C×1層之構成錯開45°積層,並以與實施例1同樣之方式製備纖維強化複合材料。
針對所獲得之纖維強化複合材料進行各評價。將其結果一併示於表1。
(比較例4)
將實施例3所使用之預浸體C與預浸體D以C×16層/D×8層/C×16層之構成錯開45°積層,並以與實施例1同樣之方式製備纖維強化複合材料20。
針對所獲得之纖維強化複合材料20進行各評價。將其結果一併示於表1。
根據表1之結果可知,關於彎曲強度,結果為碳纖維含量越
多越不會損害剛性。又,藉由對全芳香族聚酯纖維進行複合,衝擊值、斷裂能上升。進而,藉由如實施例1~3之纖維強化複合材料般將全芳香族聚酯纖維配置於並非中心層而是於外層附近,與全芳香族聚酯纖維為相同複合量之比較例2及4之纖維強化複合材料相比,振動衰減性較大地提高。
本發明之纖維強化複合材料例如可較佳地使用於汽車、電車、船舶、航空機等輸送機械、球棒、網球拍、羽毛球拍、高爾夫球桿、釣竿等運動用品、頭戴式立體聲耳機、音樂播放器等音響機器、土木建築用材料等。
10‧‧‧實施例之纖維強化複合材料
A‧‧‧預浸體A
B‧‧‧預浸體B
Claims (5)
- 一種纖維強化複合材料,其係將僅由無機纖維構成之纖維結構體(1)與含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)積層並於該等中含浸樹脂而成者,其特徵在於:纖維強化複合材料之最外層係僅由無機纖維構成之纖維結構體(1),且含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)存在至少一層,並存在於中心層以外之層。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之纖維強化複合材料,其中,於纖維結構體(1)及(2)整體中,含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)為5~40質量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之纖維強化複合材料,其中,含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體(2)係僅由全芳香族聚酯纖維構成之纖維結構體,且,於纖維結構體(1)及(2)整體中,該纖維結構體(2)為5質量%以上。
- 一種預浸體,其係於申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之纖維強化複合材料所使用之含有全芳香族聚酯纖維之纖維結構體中含浸、塗佈或層疊樹脂而成。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之預浸體,其中,全芳香族聚酯纖維之總纖度為15~1100dtex,單紗纖度為5dtex以下,且纖維結構體係單位面積重量50~100g/m2之梭織物。
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TW104109279A TWI606924B (zh) | 2014-03-31 | 2015-03-24 | Fiber reinforced composites |
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EP (1) | EP3127694B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6587607B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN105555521B (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI606924B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015151919A1 (zh) |
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JP6499029B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-26 | 2019-04-10 | 株式会社クラレ | 振動減衰部材製造用シート状物、このシート状物を用いた振動減衰部材およびその製造方法 |
CN107187138B (zh) * | 2016-03-15 | 2021-04-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种井下工具用高强度复合材料及其制备方法 |
US20180345604A1 (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-06 | Arris Composites Llc | Aligned fiber reinforced molding |
US20200114596A1 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-16 | Arris Composites Inc. | Preform Charges And Fixtures Therefor |
RU2687938C1 (ru) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-05-16 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") | Полимерный композиционный материал с интегрированным вибропоглощающим слоем |
EP4173815A1 (de) | 2021-10-28 | 2023-05-03 | Bond Laminates GmbH | Asymmetrische verbundwerkstoffanordnung |
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JPS6431835A (en) * | 1987-07-28 | 1989-02-02 | Kuraray Co | Fiber-reinforced polymer molded article |
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-
2015
- 2015-03-24 TW TW104109279A patent/TWI606924B/zh active
- 2015-03-24 JP JP2016511559A patent/JP6587607B2/ja active Active
- 2015-03-24 US US15/030,090 patent/US10494494B2/en active Active
- 2015-03-24 EP EP15773493.0A patent/EP3127694B1/en active Active
- 2015-03-24 CN CN201580001923.1A patent/CN105555521B/zh active Active
- 2015-03-24 WO PCT/JP2015/058845 patent/WO2015151919A1/ja active Application Filing
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Publication number | Publication date |
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TWI606924B (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
US20160355651A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
CN105555521B (zh) | 2018-05-18 |
EP3127694A4 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
WO2015151919A1 (ja) | 2015-10-08 |
EP3127694B1 (en) | 2023-08-16 |
EP3127694A1 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
JP6587607B2 (ja) | 2019-10-09 |
JPWO2015151919A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
US10494494B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 |
CN105555521A (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
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