TW201349514A - 半導體裝置及其製造方法 - Google Patents

半導體裝置及其製造方法 Download PDF

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TW201349514A
TW201349514A TW102116480A TW102116480A TW201349514A TW 201349514 A TW201349514 A TW 201349514A TW 102116480 A TW102116480 A TW 102116480A TW 102116480 A TW102116480 A TW 102116480A TW 201349514 A TW201349514 A TW 201349514A
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layer
capacitor
metallization layer
metallization
substrate
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TWI531075B (zh
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Chun-Hua Chang
Der-Chyang Yeh
Kuang-Wei Cheng
Yuan-Hung Liu
Shang-Yun Hou
Wen-Chih Chiou
Shin-Puu Jeng
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Taiwan Semiconductor Mfg
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Abstract

本發明揭示一種用於基板(例如,中介片)的電容器設計及其製造方法。在中介片內形成穿孔,以及在下金屬化層與上金屬化層之間形成電容器。電容器可為,例如,帶有雙電容介電層的平面電容器。

Description

半導體裝置及其製造方法
本發明係有關一種半導體裝置,以及一種半導體裝置之製造方法。
半導體裝置已被使用於各種電子應用中,例如個人電腦、行動電話、數位相機、及其他電子設備。半導體工業不斷地使電子元件之最小特徵尺寸縮小而改進各種電子元件之整合密度(例如,電晶體、二極體、電阻器、電容器等),這可容許更多的元件整合在有限的範圍。在一些應用中,相較於以往使用的封裝,這些較小的電子元件亦需要更小的封裝以佔用更少的空間。所開發出的一種更小的封裝為三維(three-dimensional,3D)積體電路(IC),在三維積體電路封裝中,結合兩個晶粒或IC且在中介片上的晶粒與接觸墊(contact pad)之間形成電性連接。
在這種情形下,電源與信號線可能會從中介片之一側上的連線(connections)穿過中介片而傳遞至中介片之另一側上的晶粒或其他電性連接(electrical connections)。中介片可包括被動元件,例如去耦電容器。電流從一電力供應器流過電源線、邏輯閘、最終至地面。在切換邏輯閘的期間,可能會在短時間內發生電流的大改變。去耦電容器被用來吸收這些在電 流切換時產生的短時脈衝波形干擾(glitches)。去耦電容器使供應電壓與地面之間電壓維持固定並防止供應電壓瞬間下降而因此作為電荷貯存器(charge reservoir)。
本發明提供一種半導體裝置的製造方法,包括:形成一導孔,從一基板之一表面延伸至該基板中;形成一第一絕緣層於該基板之該表面上;形成一第一金屬化層於該第一絕緣層中,該第一金屬化層電性連接至該導孔;形成一電容器於該第一金屬化層之上,其中該電容器包括在該第一金屬化層之上的一第一電容介電層及在該第一電容介電層之上的一第二電容介電層;以及形成一第二金屬化層,於該電容器上且電性連接至該電容器。
本發明亦提供一種半導體裝置,包括:一中介片,其包括一導孔伸入至少一部分的該中介片中;一第一金屬化層,位於該中介片之上,且該第一金屬化層電性連接至該導孔;一第二金屬化層,位於該第一金屬化層之上,且該第二金屬化層電性連接至該第一金屬化層;一電容器,置於該第一金屬化層與該第二金屬化層之間。
本發明又提供一種半導體裝置,包括:一基板,其包括一導孔伸入至少一部份的該基板;一第一金屬化層,位於該基板之上,且該第一金屬化層電性連接至該導孔;一第二金屬化層,位於該第一金屬化層之上,且該第二金屬化層電性連接至該第一金屬化層;一電容器,置於該第一金屬化層與該第二金屬化層之間。
10‧‧‧基板
14‧‧‧襯層
16‧‧‧導孔
18‧‧‧第一蝕刻終止層
20‧‧‧第一絕緣層
22‧‧‧第一金屬化層
24‧‧‧第二蝕刻終止層
26a‧‧‧第一電極層
26b‧‧‧第二電極層
26c‧‧‧第三電極層
28I‧‧‧第一電容介電層
28II‧‧‧第二電容介電層
30‧‧‧覆蓋層
32‧‧‧第二絕緣層
34‧‧‧第三蝕刻終止層
36‧‧‧第三絕緣層
38‧‧‧導孔插塞
40‧‧‧第二金屬化層
C1‧‧‧第一電容器
C2‧‧‧第二電容器
第1~7圖係根據本發明實施例中半導體裝置於不同製造階段的剖面示意圖。
以下說明本發明實施例之製作與使用。然而,可輕易了解本發明實施例提供許多合適的發明概念而可實施於廣泛的各種特定背景。所揭示的特定實施例僅僅用於說明以特定方法製作及使用本發明,並非用以侷限本發明的範圍。
本發明的實施例係有關使用中介片作為元件的半導體裝置,例如三維積體電路(3DIC)。在此將討論中介片之製造方法,上述中介片具有電容器形成於其上的,例如金屬-絕緣體-金屬(Metal-Insulator-Metal,MIM)電容器(例如去耦電容器)。
請參照第1圖,其根據一實施例顯示了基板10之剖面示意圖。基板10可為任何合適的基板,例如矽基板、1/2/1貼合基板、4層貼合基板、陶瓷基板等。儘管在此討論的實施例將以用於固定一或多個積體電路在其上的中介片作為特定背景而詳述,其他實施例也可在其他情形下運用本發明之觀點。
在基板10中形成一或多個開口,例如開口12。如以下將被更詳細討論,開口12隨後以導電材料填入而形成導孔(through vias,TVs)。如第1圖所繪示,一實施例中開口12部份延伸至基板10中。可進行後續製程以薄化基板之背面,進而暴 露並形成電性連接至導孔。
開口12可藉由,例如,蝕刻(etching)、研磨(milling)、雷射技術、或上述之組合等凹蝕基板10之上表面10a。例如,一實施例中,可使用微影技術。通常,微影製程包含沉積一光阻材料,隨後將其遮罩、曝光及顯影,進而使部份的基板10成為暴露的開口12。光阻材料經過圖案化後,可進行蝕刻製程以在基板10中形成開口12(如第1圖所繪示)。一實施例中,基板10包括矽中介片,上述蝕刻製程可為溼式或乾式、異向性或同向性的蝕刻製程。形成開口12後,可使用如灰化(ashing)製程的方法移除光阻材料。
形成開口12後,可在基板10之表面上沉積襯層(liner)14,藉由例如化學氣相沉積(chemical vapor deposition,CVD)、原子層沉積(atomic layer deposition,ALD)、物理氣相沉積(physical vapor deposition,PVD)、熱氧化(thermal oxidation)、或上述之組合等方式。襯層可包括氧化物(例如SiO2)、氮化物(例如Si2N4、SiC、SiON、或TiN)、或其他介電材料。
根據一實施例,以導電材料填入開口12,進而形成導孔16。可藉由,例如,在襯層14上且不超過開口12之範圍內沉積一層導電材料的方式形成導孔16。可藉由電化學電鍍(electro-chemical plating)、CVD、ALD、PVD、或上述之組合等方式形成導電材料。導電材料之例子包括銅、鎢、鋁、銀、金、或上述之組合等。舉例來說,可藉由如化學機械研磨(chemical mechanical polishing,CMP)製程的平坦化 (planarization)製程,並以襯層14作為終止層(stop layer),進而形成如第1圖所示的導孔16。
現在請參照第2圖,根據一實施例繪示出在基板10之上形成第一蝕刻終止層18與第一絕緣層20。第一蝕刻終止層18與第一絕緣層20作為介電層,而隨後可在此形成金屬化(metallization)層。第一蝕刻終止層在雷射製程期間提供蝕刻終止,例如形成電性連接至導孔16。一實施例中,第一蝕刻終止層18可由介電材料所組成,介電材料可為含矽材料、含氮材料、含氧材料、含碳材料等。第一絕緣層20可包括介電材料或低介電常數材料等。例如,一實施例中,第一絕緣層係由SiO2、硼磷矽玻璃(borophosphosilicate glass,BPSG)、四乙基矽酸鹽(tetraethylorthosilicate,TEOS)、高密度電漿(high density plasma,HDP)氧化物、旋塗玻璃(spin on glass,SOG)、未摻雜矽玻璃(undoped silica glass,USG)、氟矽玻璃(fluorinated silica glass,FSG),BLACK DIAMONDTM(Applied Materials公司產品)、或其他絕緣材料。
根據一實施例,第2圖亦繪示出與導孔16互連的第一金屬化(M1)層22及/或在基板上形成的元件。一些實施例中,第一金屬化層22可提供電性連接至隨後程序形成的電容器。可使用,例如,雙鑲嵌(dual damascene)製程在第一絕緣層20與第一蝕刻終止層18中形成開口,上述開口對應到第一金屬化層22。在第一絕緣層20與第一蝕刻終止層18上沉積導電材料以填滿開口。多餘的導電材料可使用一或多個蝕刻製程或CMP製程移除,留下第2圖中的結構。一實施例中,用以形成第一 金屬化層22的導電材料可包括,例如,鋁、銅、鎢、或上述之組合等。在形成第一金屬化層前,亦可在開口中形成阻障或襯層。
第3圖根據一實施例繪示出在第一金屬化層22與第一絕緣層20上形成第二蝕刻終止層24與材料層,且隨後材料層經過圖案化以形成MIM電容器(例如,電極層26及電容介電材料層28)。一實施例中,電極層26包括第一電極層26a、第二電極層26b、及第三電極層26c,而電容介電層28包括第一電容介電層28I、第二電容介電層28II。一實施例中,第一電容介電層28I係形成於層26a與26b之間,而第二電容介電層28II系形成於層26b與26c之間。電極層26可包括一層導電金屬,舉例來說,例如TaN、TiN等,然而也可使用其他材料。電容介電材料層28可包括高介電常數材料,高介電常數材料之介電常數高於SiO2的介電常數,舉例來說,例如ZrO、HfO、Si3N4或鈦酸鋇鍶(barium strontium titanate,BST),然而也可使用其他材料。第二蝕刻終止層24在雷射製程(例如形成MIM電容器)期間提供蝕刻終止,也在隨後形成的電容器與第一金屬化層22之間提供附加的隔絕層。一實施例中,第二蝕刻終止層24可由介電材料所組成,介電材料可為,例如含矽材料、含氮材料、含氧材料、含碳材料等。第一蝕刻終止層18與第二蝕刻終止層24可由相同類型的材料或不同類型的材料所組成。
接著,請參照第4圖,藉由一或多道微影製程蝕刻第三電極層26c與第二電容介電層28II,以作為第一圖案。接著,藉由一或多道微影製程蝕刻第二電極層26b與第一電容介 電層28I,以作為第二圖案,如第5圖所示。在此之後,如第6圖所示,藉由一或多道微影製程蝕刻第一電極層26a,以作為第三圖案。根據一實施例,經過圖案化的層26a、28I、與26b形成了第一電容器C1,而經圖案化的層26b、28II、與26c形成了第二電容器C2。第一電容器C1與第二電容器C2之尺寸可為相同或不同。一實施例中,第一圖案小於第二圖案,而第二圖案小於第三圖案。一些實施例中,第一圖案、第二圖案、與第三圖案之尺寸相仿。
在一實施例中,第一電容器C1包括MIM電容器,然而亦可使用其他類型之材料。一實施例中,第二電容器C2包括MIM電容器,然而亦可使用其他類型之材料。第6圖繪示的一實施例中,在第一電容器C1中,底部電極延伸並超出頂部電極的橫向邊界。第6圖繪示的一實施例中,在第二電容器中,底部電極延伸並超出頂部電極的橫向邊界。這種方式下,可能會從上方產生電性接觸至底部電極,如以下之詳述。堆疊的電容器C1與C2形成了帶有雙(dual)電容介電層28I與28II的電容器,其可提升電容量以維持晶片的高效能。
第6圖亦繪示出在電容器C1與C2以及第二蝕刻終止層24上形成的蓋層(capping layer)30。一實施例中,覆蓋層30係由介電材料所組成,介電材料可包括含矽材料、含氮材料、含氧材料、含碳材料等。
現在請參照第7圖,其根據一實施例顯示出在覆蓋層30上形成第二絕緣層32、第三蝕刻終止層34、以及第三絕緣層36。第二絕緣層32、第三蝕刻終止層34、以及第三絕緣層36 作為介電層,隨後可在其中形成一金屬化層。第二絕緣層32與第三絕緣層36可包括介電材料或低介電常數材料。舉例來說,一實施例中,第二絕緣層32與第三絕緣層36可包括SiO2、BPSG、TEOS、HDP氧化物、SOG、USG、FSG、BLACKDIAMONDTM、或其他絕緣材料。第二絕緣層32與第三絕緣層36可由相同材料或不同材料所組成。形成第三蝕刻終止層34的材料可為高蝕刻選擇性(selectivity)的介電材料或形成第二絕緣層32的介電材料。舉例來說,第三蝕刻終止層34可包括氮化物,例如Si3N4、SiC、SiON、TiN或其他介電材料。
接著,根據一實施例,在基板10之上形成第二金屬化(M2)層40及互連元件與第一金屬化層的導孔插塞(plug)38。如第7圖所示,第二金屬化層40與導孔插塞38提供電性連接至電容器C1與C2的電極。一實施例中,導孔插塞38分別與堆疊的電容器C1與C2之電極26a、26b、與26c電性連接。可在第二絕緣層32與第三絕緣層36中形成對應到第二金屬化層40的開口,舉例來說,可使用雙鑲嵌製程形成開口。在第二絕緣層32與第三絕緣層36之上沉積導電材料以填滿開口。多餘的導電材料可使用一或多個蝕刻製程或CMP製程移除,留下第7圖中的結構。一實施例中,用以形成第二金屬化層40與導孔插塞38的導電材料可包括,例如,鋁、銅、鎢、或上述之組合等。亦可使用阻障或襯層(未顯示)。
之後,可進行其他加工程序,例如,形成附加的金屬化層、形成外部接點(contacts)、薄化基板之背面、貼合一或多個晶粒至基板(如,印刷電路板、另一中介片、封裝基板 等)等。
可以理解的是,在此揭示的實施例提供整合於基板上的電容器,例如中介片,其可避免下層金屬特徵部件所造成的厚度差異相關的問題。舉例來說,當在基板上置放電容器時,可取得較平坦的表面,並可在其上形成電容器。金屬化層可以脊部(ridge)作為其特點,而在脊部上形成電容器可能會造成電壓擊穿(voltage breakdown)的衰減,且可能會造成高密度設計下電容器下方的佈線區域不足。在此揭示的實施例提供較平坦的表面(例如,基板本身或在基板上形成均勻的層)可消除或降低這些問題。在此揭示的實施例提供形成於上述基板、及/或導孔之間、及金屬化層上的電容器。
一實施例中,提供一種裝置的製造方法。方法包括提供基板以及在基板之表面上形成一電容器。電容器系形成於最底層金屬化層與上層金屬化層之間。
另一實施例中,提供一種裝置的製造方法。方法包括形成導孔,從基板之一表面延伸至基板中;形成第一絕緣層於基板之表面上;形成金屬化層於第一絕緣層中,第一金屬化層電性連接至導孔;形成電容器於第一金屬化層之上,其中電容器包括在第一金屬化層之上的第一電容介電層及在第一電容介電層之上的第二電容介電層;以及形成第二金屬化層,其電性連接至電容器。
又一實施例中,提供一種裝置。裝置包括一電容器,置於最底層金屬化層與上層金屬化層之間,最底層金屬化層與上層金屬化層之間位於具有導孔的基板之上。
另一實施例中,提供一種裝置。裝置包括中介片,其包括導孔伸入至少一部分的中介片中;第一金屬化層,位於導孔之上,且第一金屬化層電性連接至導孔;第二金屬化層,位於第一金屬化層之上,且第二金屬化層電性連接至第一金屬化層;電容器,置放於第一金屬化層與第二金屬化層之間。
雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作更動、替代與潤飾。舉例來說,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可輕易理解此處所述的許多特徵、功能、製程及材料可在本發明的範圍內作更動。任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可從本發明揭示內容中理解現行或未來所發展出的製程、機器、製造、物質組成、裝置、方法及步驟,只要可以在此處所述實施例中實施大體相同功能或獲得大體相同結果皆可使用於本發明中。因此,本發明之保護範圍包括上述製程、機器、製造、物質組成、裝置、方法及步驟。
10‧‧‧基板
16‧‧‧導孔
18‧‧‧第一蝕刻終止層
20‧‧‧第一絕緣層
22‧‧‧第一金屬化層
24‧‧‧第二蝕刻終止層
30‧‧‧覆蓋層
32‧‧‧第二絕緣層
34‧‧‧第三蝕刻終止層
36‧‧‧第三絕緣層
38‧‧‧導孔插塞
40‧‧‧第二金屬化層

Claims (10)

  1. 一種半導體裝置的製造方法,包括:形成一導孔,從一基板之一表面延伸至該基板中;形成一第一絕緣層於該基板之該表面上;形成一第一金屬化層於該第一絕緣層中,該第一金屬化層電性連接至該導孔;形成一電容器於該第一金屬化層之上,其中該電容器包括在該第一金屬化層之上的一第一電容介電層及在該第一電容介電層之上的一第二電容介電層;以及形成一第二金屬化層,於該電容器上且電性連接至該電容器。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之半導體裝置的製造方法,其中該電容器包括兩個金屬-絕緣體-金屬(Metal-Insulator-Metal,MIM)電容器。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之半導體裝置的製造方法,其中該電容器包括一第一電極層位於該第一金屬層上、一第二電極層位於該第一電極層上、以及一第三電極層位於該第二電極層上。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之半導體裝置的製造方法,更包括在形成該電容器前,形成一介電層在該第一金屬化層上。
  5. 一種半導體裝置,包括:一中介片,其包括一導孔伸入至少一部分的該中介片中;一第一金屬化層,位於該中介片之上,且該第一金屬化層電性連接至該導孔; 一第二金屬化層,位於該第一金屬化層之上,且該第二金屬化層電性連接至該第一金屬化層;以及一電容器,置於該第一金屬化層與該第二金屬化層之間。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之半導體裝置,其中該電容器包括由至少兩個金屬-絕緣體-金屬電容器所堆疊。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之半導體裝置,其中該電容器包括多個雙電容(dual capacitor)介電層。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之半導體裝置,其中該電容器包括一第一電極層、一第二電極層、一第三電極層、一第一電容介電層,位於該第一電極層與該第二電極層之間、以及一第二電容介電層,位於該第二電極層與該第三電極層之間。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之半導體裝置,更包括:一絕緣層,位於該第一金屬化層與該第二金屬化層之間;以及一導孔插塞,形成於該絕緣層內,其中該導孔插塞電性連接至該第一電極層、該第二電極層、與該第三電極層其中至少一者。
  10. 一種半導體裝置,包括:一基板,其包括一導孔伸入至少一部份的該基板;一第一金屬化層,位於該基板之上,且該第一金屬化層電性連接至該導孔;一第二金屬化層,位於該第一金屬化層之上,且該第二金屬化層電性連接至該第一金屬化層;以及 一電容器,置於該第一金屬化層與該第二金屬化層之間。
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US10153338B2 (en) 2018-12-11
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