TW201348376A - 黏著劑及相關產品 - Google Patents
黏著劑及相關產品 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201348376A TW201348376A TW102112400A TW102112400A TW201348376A TW 201348376 A TW201348376 A TW 201348376A TW 102112400 A TW102112400 A TW 102112400A TW 102112400 A TW102112400 A TW 102112400A TW 201348376 A TW201348376 A TW 201348376A
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- Prior art keywords
- adhesive composition
- reactive adhesive
- molecular weight
- nitrogen
- prepolymer
- Prior art date
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title abstract 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 161
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 160
- 239000004823 Reactive adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 157
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 114
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 114
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 B醯Methyl carbitol Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 16
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 11
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolaldehyde Chemical compound OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VSOAQEOCSA-N L-altropyranose Chemical compound OC[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VSOAQEOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940120503 dihydroxyacetone Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLSMFKSTNGKWQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CO XLSMFKSTNGKWQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-CBPJZXOFSA-N D-Gulose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-CBPJZXOFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-IVMDWMLBSA-N D-allopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-IVMDWMLBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LKDRXBCSQODPBY-JDJSBBGDSA-N D-allulose Chemical compound OCC1(O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O LKDRXBCSQODPBY-JDJSBBGDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MNQZXJOMYWMBOU-VKHMYHEASA-N D-glyceraldehyde Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C=O MNQZXJOMYWMBOU-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribofuranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LKDRXBCSQODPBY-AMVSKUEXSA-N L-(-)-Sorbose Chemical compound OCC1(O)OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O LKDRXBCSQODPBY-AMVSKUEXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylglyoxal Chemical compound CC(=O)C=O AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- BJHIKXHVCXFQLS-PQLUHFTBSA-N keto-D-tagatose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C(=O)CO BJHIKXHVCXFQLS-PQLUHFTBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- UOFGSWVZMUXXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Diphenyl-3-thiocarbazone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N=NC(=S)NNC1=CC=CC=C1 UOFGSWVZMUXXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UTLVMFCPERHVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxypropanal Chemical compound O(O)C(C=O)C UTLVMFCPERHVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OXFWZSUJNURRMW-NTSWFWBYSA-N 3-deoxy-keto-D-fructose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CC(=O)CO OXFWZSUJNURRMW-NTSWFWBYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PQSUYGKTWSAVDQ-ZVIOFETBSA-N Aldosterone Chemical compound C([C@@]1([C@@H](C(=O)CO)CC[C@H]1[C@@H]1CC2)C=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1[C@]1(C)C2=CC(=O)CC1 PQSUYGKTWSAVDQ-ZVIOFETBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PQSUYGKTWSAVDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aldosterone Natural products C1CC2C3CCC(C(=O)CO)C3(C=O)CC(O)C2C2(C)C1=CC(=O)CC2 PQSUYGKTWSAVDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002478 aldosterone Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- KKLZOXZZESQNKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,5-trihydroxypentan-2-one Chemical compound OCC(O)CC(=O)CO KKLZOXZZESQNKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002951 idosyl group Chemical class C1([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 94
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- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 9
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- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
- C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J105/00—Adhesives based on polysaccharides or on their derivatives, not provided for in groups C09J101/00 or C09J103/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H5/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium
- C07H5/04—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium to nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J161/00—Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J161/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J161/00—Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J161/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C09J161/22—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/028—Composition or method of fixing a thermally insulating material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
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Abstract
本發明係關於水溶性預反應黏著劑組合物、其製造方法、該預反應黏著劑組合物之用途、製造藉由聚合黏著劑黏著之物質集合之方法、包含該預反應黏著劑組合物之黏著劑溶液或分散液以及包含呈固化狀態之該預反應黏著劑組合物之產物。
Description
本發明係關於水溶性預反應黏著劑組合物、其製造方法、該預反應黏著劑組合物之用途、製造藉由聚合黏著劑黏著之物質集合之方法、包含該預反應黏著劑組合物之黏著劑溶液或分散液以及包含呈固化狀態之該預反應黏著劑組合物之產物。
通常,黏著劑可用於製作物件,此乃因能夠加固非組裝或鬆散組裝物質。舉例而言,黏著劑使得兩個或更多個表面能夠聯合。具體而言,黏著劑可用於產生包含加固纖維之產物。熱固性黏著劑之特徵可在於藉助熱或催化作用轉換成不可溶且可輸注材料。熱固性黏著劑之實例包括多種酚-醛、脲-醛、三聚氰胺-醛及其他縮合-聚合材料(如呋喃及聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂)。含有酚-醛、間苯二酚-醛、酚/醛/脲、酚/三聚氰胺/醛及諸如此類之黏著劑組合物廣泛用於結合纖維、紡織品、塑膠、橡膠及許多其他材料。
礦棉及木板工業在歷史上使用基於酚甲醛之黏著劑,其通常經脲延長。酚甲醛型黏著劑為最終產物提供適宜性質;然而,更大可持續發展及環境考慮因素之需要激勵研發替代黏著劑。一種該替代黏著劑係源自碳水化合物與酸反應之基於碳水化合物之黏著劑,例如,美國公開申請案第2007/0027283號及已公開PCT申請案WO2009/019235。另一替代黏著劑係多羧酸與多元醇反應之酯化產物,例如,美國公開申請案第2005/0202224號。由於該等黏著劑並不利用甲醛作為試劑,故其統稱為無甲醛之黏著劑。
當前研發之一個領域係在大範圍產品(包括建築及汽車部門中之產品(例如礦棉絕熱製品、木板、微粒板、膠合板、辦公室面板及隔聲材料))中尋找酚甲醛型黏著劑之替代物。具體而言,先前研發之無甲醛之黏著劑可不具有所有期望性質。舉例而言,基於丙烯酸及聚(乙烯醇)之黏著劑對於一些(但並非所有)產品已顯示有前景之性能特徵。然而,該等黏著劑比酚甲醛黏著劑相對更昂貴,基本上源自基於石油之資源,且與基於酚甲醛之黏著劑組合物相比具有呈現較低反應速率之趨勢(需要延長固化時間或增加固化溫度)。
基於碳水化合物之黏著劑組合物係由相對較不昂貴前體製得且主要源自可再生資源。然而,該等黏著劑亦可需要實質上不同於固化傳統酚甲醛黏著劑系統之反應條件的反應條件。
特定而言,上述酚甲醛黏著劑之通用替代方案係使用碳水化合物聚胺黏著劑,其係藉由碳水化合物與具有至少一個一級胺基團之聚胺反應獲得之聚合黏著劑。該等碳水化合物聚胺黏著劑係酚甲醛黏著劑之有效替代物,此乃因其具有類似或優異黏著特徵且與已確立方法高度相容。
通常,碳水化合物聚胺黏著劑係製備為溶液(例如水性溶液),且隨後施加至欲黏著之鬆散組裝物質上。隨後(例如)對該潤濕之鬆散組裝物質進行熱處理以固化碳水化合物聚胺黏著劑。
然而,碳水化合物聚胺黏著劑溶液中固體之相當高濃度與多個缺點(例如黏著劑溶液快速膠凝或固化、以及碳水化合物組份重結晶)相關聯。基於相當短之存架壽命,觀察到關於碳水化合物聚胺黏著劑之儲存及運輸之其他問題。
因此,本發明之根本技術問題係提供改良黏著劑,尤其與已確立方法相容、在環境上可接受且克服上文提及之問題之黏著劑。
為解決上述技術問題,作為第一態樣,本發明提供水溶性預反
應黏著劑組合物,其包含以下之反應產物:(i)至少一種碳水化合物組份及(ii)至少一種含氮組份。
預反應黏著劑可呈含有至少20wt.-%(例如至少25% wt.-、30% wt.-、35% wt.-、40% wt.-、45wt.-%、50wt.-%、55wt.-%、60wt.-%、65wt.-%、70wt.-%、75wt.-%或80wt.-%)之該預反應黏著劑組合物及/或不超過85wt.-%(例如不超過80wt.-%、75wt.-%或70wt.-%)之該預反應黏著劑組合物之水性溶液或分散液的形式。
根據本發明,術語「預反應黏著劑組合物」並無特別限制且通常包括可藉由及/或係藉由碳水化合物組份與含氮組份反應獲得之任何化學組合物,其可按原樣或在進一步改良後作為黏著劑用於(例如)黏著鬆散組裝物質。
本發明之較佳實施例之預反應黏著劑組合物係基於碳水化合物組份/含氮組份黏著劑系統,即碳水化合物組份及含氮組份並非僅以少量存於起始材料中以製備本發明之預反應黏著劑組合物,而是起始材料之主要組份。因此,基於預反應之前之黏著劑組合物之總重量,用以製備預反應黏著劑組合物之至少一種碳水化合物組份及至少一種含氮組份於起始材料中之總量可為至少20wt.-%。舉例而言,在預反應之前,至少一種碳水化合物組份及至少一種含氮組份之總量可為至少30wt.-%、40wt.-%、50wt.-%、60wt.-%、70wt.-%、80wt.-%、90wt.-%、95wt.-%或98wt.-%。
根據本發明之一個實施例,基於預反應黏著劑組合物之總重量,(i)至少一種碳水化合物組份與(ii)至少一種含氮組份之反應產物、未反應碳水化合物組份及未反應含氮組份於預反應黏著劑組合物中之總量(即((i)與(ii)之反應產物之量)+(未反應碳水化合物組份之量)+(未反應含氮組份之量)係至少20wt.-%,例如至少30wt.-%、40wt.-%、50wt.-%、60wt.-%、70wt.-%、80wt.-%、90wt.-%、95wt.-
%或98wt.-%。
在最新技術中,溶解碳水化合物及聚胺反應物以形成黏著劑,並將該黏著劑施加至鬆散組裝之物質且隨後藉由施加熱使其交聯以產生聚合黏著劑,與之相比,預反應黏著劑組合物係如下組合物:a)與該等先前技術黏著劑相比,在施加至鬆散組裝物質(尤其在藉由施加熱而交聯之前)時可具有:大量中間反應物質(例如預聚物),及/或根據固體含量降低之黏度及/或增加之平均分子量及/或增加之顏色及/或光(例如UV)吸收;及/或b)與該等先前技術黏著劑相比,在部分或完全交聯後(尤其在施加熱後)可具有顯著較低程度及/或或不同種類之交聯及/或較低黏度。
本文所用術語「預聚物」並無特別限制且包括以下之任何反應產物:(i)至少一種碳水化合物組份及(ii)至少一種含氮組份。
根據本發明之一個實施例,基於預聚物於預反應黏著劑組合物中之總重量,(i)至少一種碳水化合物組份及(ii)至少一種含氮組份之反應產物之量係至少20wt.-%,例如至少30wt.-%、40wt.-%、50wt.-%、60wt.-%、70wt.-%、80wt.-%、90wt.-%、95wt.-%或98wt.-%。根據具體實施例,基於預聚物於預反應黏著劑組合物中之總重量,(i)至少一種碳水化合物組份及(ii)至少一種含氮組份之反應產物之量係100wt.-%。
根據一個實施例,本發明預反應黏著劑組合物包含至少一種分子量在1kDa至500kDa範圍內之預聚物。較佳地,基於黏著劑組合物之總重量,含有如下量之該至少一種預聚物:2wt.-%或更多,例如5wt.-%或更多、10wt.-%或更多、15wt.-%或更多、20wt.-%或更多、25wt.-%或更多、30wt.-%或更多、35wt.-%或更多、40wt.-%或更多、45wt.-%或更多或50wt.-%或更多。
根據又一實施例,本發明預反應黏著劑組合物包含至少一種分
子量在超過80kDa至500kDa範圍內之預聚物(高分子量預聚物)。較佳地,基於黏著劑組合物之總重量,含有如下量之至少一種高分子量預聚物:0.2wt.-%或更多,例如0.5wt.-%或更多、0.75wt.-%或更多、1wt.-%或更多、1.75wt.-%或更多、2.5wt.-%或更多、5wt.-%或更多、10wt.-%或更多、15wt.-%或更多、20wt.-%或更多、30wt.-%或更多、40wt.-%或更多或50wt.-%或更多。
根據又一實施例,本發明預反應黏著劑組合物包含至少一種分子量在超過10kDa至80kDa範圍內之預聚物(中分子量預聚物)。較佳地,基於黏著劑組合物之總重量,含有如下量之至少一種中分子量預聚物:0.3wt.-%或更多,例如0.5wt.-%或更多、1wt.-%或更多、1.5wt.-%或更多、2wt.-%或更多、2.5wt.-%或更多、5wt.-%或更多、10wt.-%或更多、15wt.-%或更多、20wt.-%或更多、30wt.-%或更多、40wt.-%或更多或50wt.-%或更多。
根據又一實施例,本發明預反應黏著劑組合物包含一或多種分子量在10kDa或更少範圍內之化合物(低分子量預聚物),且該等化合物不同於(i)至少一種碳水化合物組份及(ii)至少一種含氮組份。根據具體實施例,低分子量化合物包含以下中之一或多者:羥乙醛、甘油醛、2-側氧基丙醛、丙酮醇、二羥基丙酮、乙醯甲基甲醇、丁二酮、乙醛、葡醛酮糖、1-去氧己酮糖、3-去氧己酮糖、3-去氧戊酮糖、1,4-二去氧己酮糖、乙二醛、甲基乙二醛、聯乙醯及5-(羥基甲基)糠醛。
此外,本文之術語「水溶性」並無特別限制且包括如上文所定義之預反應黏著劑組合物之所有等級之水溶解度。具體而言,術語「水溶性」包括於20℃下之水溶解度為100g/l或更大、150g/l或更大、200g/l或更大或250g/l或更大。舉例而言,術語「水溶」可包括300g/l或更大、400g/l或更大、500g/l或更大或600g/l或更大之如上
文所定義之預反應黏著劑組合物之水溶解度(於20℃下)。實質上無限水溶解度亦視為在本發明範疇內。
在此上下文中,本發明之表述「水不溶」係指如上文所定義之預反應黏著劑組合物於20℃下基本上不溶於水中之情形。舉例而言,術語不溶包括於20℃下50g/l或更小、40g/l或更小、30g/l或更小或20g/l或更小之水溶解度。較佳地,術語水不溶包括水溶解度為10g/l或更小、5g/l或更小、1g/l或更小或0.1g/l或更小之情形。
預反應黏著劑組合物可為水可稀釋的,其中此意指與至少25份數、尤其至少50份數或100份數之去離子水混合的1重量份數之預反應黏著劑組合物在混合時不會形成沈澱。
根據本發明之較佳實施例,含有70wt.-%之本發明預反應黏著劑組合物的水性溶液於20℃下之黏度為至多2000cP。舉例而言,含有70wt.-%之上文定義之預反應黏著劑組合物的水性溶液(即含有70% wt.-%固體之水性溶液)在其製備後初始黏度為100cP至1500cP、150cP至1200cP、200cP至800cP、220cP至600cP或250cP至400cP。自操作角度來看,較佳黏度在280cP至350cP範圍內。可使用LV-Torque布魯克菲爾德(Brookfield)黏度計(轉軸LV-63,以60rpm)量測黏度。
此外,該水性溶液於20℃下靜置12小時、24小時、48小時、72小時或96小時時黏度應較佳增加不超過500cP。根據又一較佳實施例,該水性溶液在1週、10天、12天或2週內黏度應增加不超過500cP。黏度增加不超過500cP之較長時段(例如3週或4週、或甚至2個、3個或更多個月)甚至更佳。
根據又一實施例,在使70wt.-%預反應黏著劑組合物之水性溶液於20℃下靜置時在前12小時內黏度增加之量應較佳不超過450cP或400cP或甚至350cP。較佳黏度增加包括增加300cP或更少、280cP或更少、250cP或更少及200cP或更少。
根據本發明,上文定義之時段及黏度增加並不限於上述實例且可自由組合。舉例而言,較佳地,上述70wt.-%預反應黏著劑組合物之水性溶液的黏度在其製備後前48小時內增加不超過300cP,或在其製備後2週內增加不超過400cP。通常,若各別水性溶液之黏度變得過高(例如,因膠凝引起),則預反應黏著劑組合物可變得不可用。
根據又一實施例,上文定義之預反應黏著劑組合物能夠與交聯劑反應以產生水不溶性組合物,例如產生一或多種呈水不溶性組合物之類黑精。在本發明中,預反應黏著劑組合物可起前體或中間體之作用,其可與交聯劑進一步反應以獲得聚合黏著劑。舉例而言,此聚合黏著劑可含有作為梅納反應(Maillard reaction)產物之基本上不溶於水之高分子量類黑精。
舉例而言,一或多種如上文所定義之類黑精可含有以下一般結構基序:
其中n係至少1之整數。
本文中之術語「交聯劑」並無特別限制且包括進一步使預反應黏著劑組合物交聯以產生適於黏著鬆散組裝物質(例如木質或礦物纖維)之聚合黏著劑的任何化學或物理方式。
根據本發明之具體實施例,交聯劑可為與碳水化合物組份反應之相同含氮組份或可為不同含氮組份。舉例而言,本發明預反應黏著劑組合物可藉由使碳水化合物組份與六亞甲基二胺反應製備。隨後,可向預反應黏著劑組合物中添加其他六亞甲基二胺以達成各別應用中所需之高聚合等級。又一實例包括預反應黏著劑組合物係藉由使碳水化合物組份與氨水溶液反應製備且對於最終固化添加其他六亞甲基二胺的情形。
然而,根據本發明,交聯劑並不限於本文定義之含氮組份且作為實例包括路易士酸(Lewis acid)、異氰酸酯、嵌段異氰酸酯、環氧化物、嵌段環氧化物、含羰基之化合物(醛、酮,即乙二醛)及有機碳酸酯。交聯劑之具體實例包括檸檬酸、多羧酸及酐(例如,琥珀酸、馬來酸酐、四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐及六氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、苯乙烯-馬來酸-酐共聚物)、多羧酸溶液及酐衍生物(例如其銨鹽)。
根據上文定義之預反應黏著劑組合物之又一實施例,碳水化合物組份中之總羰基對含氮組份中之總反應性含氮基團之比率係5:1至1:5。舉例而言,羰基對反應性含氮基團之比率可為5:1至1:4.5、5:1至1:4、5:1至1:3.5、5:1至1:3、5:1至1:2.5、5:1至1:2、5:1至1:1.8、5:1至1:1.5、5:1至1:1.2、5:1至1:1、5:1至1:0.8及5:1至1:0.5。其他實例包括諸如4:1至1:5、3.5:1至1:5、3:1至1:5、2.5:1至1:5、2:1至1:5、1.5:1至1:5、1:1至1:5、0.8:1至1:5及0.5:1至1:5等比率。根據本發明,上述比率之上限及下限可自由組合。
本文中之術語「反應性含氮基團」並無特別限制且包括能夠與
碳水化合物組份反應之含氮組份中之任何含氮基團。特定而言,該等反應性含氮基團之實例包括一級、二級、三級及四級胺基團、醯胺基團、亞胺及醯亞胺基團以及氰酸酯及異氰酸酯基團。
本文中之術語「碳水化合物組份」並無特別限制且通常包括任何能夠與含氮組份反應之任何碳水化合物。
根據上文定義之預反應黏著劑之一個實施例,至少一種碳水化合物組份係選自由以下組成之群:單糖、二糖、多糖或其反應產物。
較佳地,碳水化合物組份係或包含還原糖及/或原位產生還原糖之組份。本文所用術語「還原糖」指示含有醛或酮基團或可異構化(即互變異構化)以含有醛或酮基團之一或多種糖,該等醛或酮基團可經(例如)Cu離子氧化以獲得羧酸。根據本發明,任何該碳水化合物組份皆可視情況經(例如)羥基、鹵基、烷基、烷氧基及諸如此類取代。在任何該碳水化合物組份中,可存在一或多個對掌性中心,且本文所述本發明中包括每一對掌性中心處之兩個可能光學異構物。此外,亦應瞭解,本文所述之一或多個實施例中可使用各種混合物,包括任何該碳水化合物組份之各種光學異構物之外消旋混合物或其他非對映異構物混合物以及其各種幾何異構物。
非還原糖(例如蔗糖)尤其在能夠原位轉化為還原糖及/或經受至還原糖之原位轉化時可用作碳水化合物組份或其一部分。此外,亦應瞭解,單糖、二糖或多糖可與前體部分反應以形成碳水化合物反應產物。就碳水化合物反應產物係源自單糖、二糖或多糖且維持與含氮組份之類似反應以形成類似於單糖、二糖或多糖與含氮組份之反應產物的反應產物而言,碳水化合物反應產物在術語碳水化合物組份之範疇內。較佳地,任何碳水化合物組份之不揮發性應足以使其仍可用於與含氮組份反應之能力最大化。碳水化合物組份可為呈醛糖或酮糖形式之單糖,包括丙糖、丁糖、戊糖、己糖或庚糖;或多糖;或其組合。
舉例而言,在丙糖用作碳水化合物組份或與其他還原糖及/或多糖組合使用時,可利用丙醛糖或丙酮糖,例如分別甘油醛及二羥基丙酮。在丁糖用作碳水化合物組份或與其他還原糖及/或多糖組合使用時,可利用丁醛糖(例如赤蘚糖及蘇糖)及丁酮糖(例如赤鮮酮糖)。在戊糖用作碳水化合物組份或與其他還原糖及/或多糖組合使用時,可利用戊醛糖(例如核糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖及來蘇糖)及戊酮糖(例如核酮糖、阿拉伯酮糖、木酮糖及來蘇酮糖)。在己糖用作碳水化合物組份或與還原糖及/或多糖組合使用時,可利用己醛糖(例如葡萄糖(即,右旋糖)、甘露糖、半乳糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖(altrose)、太洛糖、古洛糖及艾杜糖)及己酮糖(例如果糖、阿洛酮糖、山梨糖及塔格糖)。在庚糖用作碳水化合物組份或與其他還原糖及/或多糖組合使用時,可利用庚酮糖(例如景天庚酮糖)。已知並非天然存在之該等碳水化合物組份之其他立體異構物亦預計可用於製備本文所述之黏著劑組合物。在一個實施例中,碳水化合物組份係高果糖玉米糖漿(HFCS)。
如上文所述,碳水化合物組份可為多糖。舉例而言,碳水化合物組份可為具有低聚合度之多糖且包括(例如)糖蜜、澱粉、纖維素水解產物或其混合物。根據具體實例,碳水化合物組份係澱粉水解產物、麥芽糊精或其混合物。儘管較高聚合度之碳水化合物可不較佳,但其仍然可藉由原位解聚在本發明範疇內有用。
此外,根據本發明,碳水化合物組份可與非碳水化合物多羥基反應物組合使用。可與碳水化合物組份組合使用之非碳水化合物多羥基反應物之實例包括(但不限於)三羥甲基丙烷、甘油、異戊四醇、聚乙烯醇、部分水解聚乙酸乙烯酯、完全水解聚乙酸乙烯酯及其混合物。舉例而言,非碳水化合物多羥基反應物之不揮發性足以使其仍可用於與單體或聚合聚胺反應之能力最大化。此外,根據本發明,非碳水化合物多羥基反應物之疏水性可為測定如本文所述製備之黏著劑之
物理性質的因子。可使用其他共反應化合物(例如,如含羰基化合物-醛、酮、羧酸及酐)。
在上文定義之預反應黏著劑組合物之較佳實施例中,至少一種碳水化合物組份係選自由以下組成之群:核糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、來蘇糖、葡萄糖(右旋糖)、甘露糖、半乳糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖、太洛糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、果糖、阿洛酮糖、山梨糖、二羥基丙酮、蔗糖及塔格糖以及其混合物。
此外,本文中之表述「含氮組份」並無特別限制且包括含有至少一個氮原子且能夠與至少一種碳水化合物組份反應之任何化學化合物或化合物之混合物。
根據一個實施例,在如上文所定義之預反應黏著劑組合物中,至少一種含氮組份係NH3、無機胺或包含至少一個一級胺基團之有機胺以及其鹽。舉例而言,作為含氮組份,可原樣使用NH3(例如呈水性溶液形式)、以及任何類型之無機及有機銨鹽,只要該等鹽能夠與上文定義之碳水化合物組份反應即可。無機銨鹽之具體實例包括硫酸銨(AmSO4)、磷酸銨、氯化銨及硝酸銨。
根據本發明,含氮組份可為聚胺。本文中之術語「聚胺」包括任何具有兩個或更多個可獨立地經取代之胺基團的有機化合物。如本文所用之「一級聚胺」係具有兩個或更多個一級胺基團(-NH2)之有機化合物。可經原位修飾或異構化以產生具有兩個或更多個一級胺基團(-NH2)之化合物的彼等化合物係在術語一級聚胺之範疇內。
舉例而言,聚胺可為一級聚胺。根據本發明之一個實施例,一級聚胺可為具有式H2N-Q-NH2之分子,其中Q係烷基、環烷基、雜烷基或雜環烷基,其各自可視情況經取代。舉例而言,Q可為選自由C2-C24組成之群之烷基、選自由C2-C9組成之群之烷基、選自由C3-C7組成之群之烷基。根據較佳實施例,Q係C6烷基。根據另一實施例,Q可
為環己基、環戊基或環丁基或苄基。
本文所用術語「烷基」包括可視情況具支鏈之碳原子鏈。本文所用術語「烯基」及「炔基」獨立地包括可視情況具支鏈之碳原子鏈,且分別包括至少一個雙鍵或三鍵。應瞭解,炔基亦可包括一或多個雙鍵。應進一步瞭解,烷基有利地具有有限長度,包括C1-C24、C1-C12、C1-C8、C1-C6及C1-C4。應進一步瞭解,烯基及/或炔基各可有利地具有有限長度,包括C2-C24、C2-C12、C2-C8、C2-C6及C2-C4。具體而言,較短烷基、烯基及/或炔基可為化合物增加較小親水性且因此將對碳水化合物組份具有不同反應性且於黏著劑溶液中具有不同溶解性。
本文所用術語「環烷基」包括可視情況具支鏈之碳原子鏈,其中鏈之至少一部分係環狀。此外,根據本發明,應注意,將術語「環烷基烷基」視為環烷基之子集,且術語「環烷基」亦包括多環結構。舉例而言,該等環烷基包括(但不限於)環丙基、環戊基、環己基、2-甲基環丙基、環戊基乙-2-基、金剛烷基及諸如此類。本文所用術語「環烯基」包括可視情況具支鏈之碳原子鏈,且包括至少一個雙鍵,其中鏈之至少一部分係環狀。根據本發明,該至少一個雙鍵可在環烯基之環狀部分及/或環烯基之非環狀部分中。此外,應瞭解,將環烯基烷基及環烷基烯基各自視為環烯基之子集。此外,根據本發明,「環烷基」可為多環。該等環烯基之實例包括(但不限於)環戊烯基、環己基乙烯-2-基、環庚烯基丙烯基及諸如此類。此外,形成環烷基及/或環烯基之鏈有利地具有有限長度,包括C3-C24、C3-C12、C3-C8、C3-C6及C5-C6。根據本發明,形成環烷基及/或環烯基之較短烷基及/或烯基鏈分別可為化合物增加較小親脂性且因此將具有不同行為。
本文所用術語「雜烷基」包括包含碳及至少一個雜原子之原子鏈,且視情況具支鏈。該等雜原子之實例包括氮、氧及硫。在某些變
化形式中,該等雜原子亦包括磷及硒。在一個實施例中,雜烷基係聚醚。包括雜環基及雜環之本文所用術語「雜環烷基」包括包含碳及至少一個雜原子之原子鏈,例如雜烷基,且可視情況具支鏈,其中該鏈之至少一部分係環狀。類似地,雜環烷基之實例包括(但不限於)四氫呋喃基、吡咯啶基、四氫吡喃基、六氫吡啶基、嗎啉基、六氫吡嗪基、高六氫吡嗪基、奎寧環基及諸如此類。
本文中之術語「視情況經取代」包括在視情況經取代之基團上用其他官能基替代氫原子。該等其他官能基闡釋性地包括(但不限於)胺基、羥基、鹵基、硫醇、烷基、鹵代烷基、雜烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、芳基雜烷基、硝基、磺酸及其衍生物、羧酸及其衍生物及諸如此類。任何胺基、羥基、硫醇、烷基、鹵代烷基、雜烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、芳基雜烷基及/或磺酸闡釋性地視情況經取代。
舉例而言,一級聚胺可為二胺、三胺、四胺或五胺。根據一個實施例,聚胺係選自二伸乙基三胺、1-六氫吡嗪乙胺或雙(六亞甲基)三胺之三胺。在另一實施例中,聚胺係四胺,例如三伸乙基四胺。在另一實施例中,聚胺係五胺,例如四伸乙基五胺。
一級聚胺之一個態樣係其可具有低空間位阻。舉例而言,1,2-二胺基乙烷、1,4-二胺基丁烷、1,5-二胺基戊烷、1,6-二胺基己烷、1,12-二胺基十二烷、1,4-二胺基環己烷、1,4-二胺基苯、二伸乙基三胺、三伸乙基四胺、四伸乙基五胺、1-六氫吡嗪-乙胺、2-甲基-戊亞甲基二胺、1,3-戊二胺及雙(六亞甲基)三胺以及1,8-二胺基辛烷具有本發明範疇內之低空間位阻。根據如上文所定義之預反應黏著劑組合物之較佳實施例,含氮組份係一級聚胺1,6-二胺基己烷(六亞甲基二胺,HMDA)。在又一實施例中,含氮組份係1,5-二胺基-2-甲基戊烷(2-甲基-戊亞甲基二胺)。
在另一實施例中,含氮組份係一級聚胺聚醚-聚胺。舉例而言,
根據本發明,該聚醚-聚胺係二胺或三胺。在一個實施例中,聚醚-聚胺係稱作Jeffamine T-403聚醚胺(Huntsman公司)之平均分子量為440的三官能基一級胺。亦可使用EDR-104及EDR-148(Huntsman)。
在又一實施例中,含氮組份可包括聚合聚胺。舉例而言,本發明範疇內之聚合聚胺包括殼聚糖、聚離胺酸、聚乙烯亞胺、聚(N-乙烯基-N-甲基胺)、聚胺基苯乙烯及聚乙烯胺。在具體實例中,含氮組份包含聚乙烯胺。如本文所用聚乙烯胺可為均聚物或共聚物。
本文所用術語「溶劑」並無特別限制且包括任何可在碳水化合物組份與含氮組份之間實施反應之溶劑。舉例而言,溶劑可為水、有機溶劑或其混合物。有機溶劑之實例包括醇、醚、酯、酮、醛、烷烴及環烷烴。較佳地,溶劑由水組成或基本上由水組成。
根據又一實施例,上文定義之預反應黏著劑組合物的平均分子量在200g/mol至5000g/mol範圍內。根據本發明,預反應黏著劑組合物之平均分子量可在300g/mol至4500g/mol、400g/mol至4000g/mol、450g/mol至3500g/mol、500g/mol至300g/mol或600g/mol至1500g/mol範圍內。然而,預反應黏著劑組合物之平均分子量並不限於該等範圍且其上限及下限值可自由組合。
本發明之又一實施例係關於上文定義之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中碳水化合物組份與含氮組份之間之重量比係0.5:1至30:1。其他莫耳濃度比率之實例包括0.7:1至25:1、1:1至22:1、1.5:1至20:1、2:1至15:1、2.5:1至10:1或3:1至8:1之比率。然而,根據本發明,碳水化合物組份對含氮組份之莫耳濃度比率並不限於該等範圍且上述上限及下限可自由組合。
又一實施例係關於如上文所定義之預反應黏著劑組合物,其包含至少10%由碳水化合物組份提供之初始羰基。具體而言,在本發明預反應黏著劑組合物之一些實施例中,碳水化合物組份之初始羰基尚
未與含氮組份反應且仍存於其中。預反應黏著劑組合物中之未反應羰基之數目之其他實例包括在與含氮組份反應之前碳水化合物組份中存在之羰基之至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少50%、至少60%或至少75%。根據具體實施例,初始羰基係以未反應碳水化合物形式存在。
如本文所用表述「未反應碳水化合物」組份係關於以下之任何化合物:(i)至少一種碳水化合物組份,其仍係以其初始形式存在,即其未經歷任何反應。根據一個實施例,基於黏著劑組合物之總重量,預反應黏著劑組合物包含高達80wt.-%未反應碳水化合物,例如高達75wt.-%、高達70wt.-%、高達65wt.-%、高達60wt.-%、高達55wt.-%或高達50wt.-%。
本發明預反應黏著劑組合物端視其化學組成可原樣使用,即藉由將其施加至鬆散組裝物質並對其進行固化,例如經由施加熱及/或輻射以獲得聚合黏著劑。
在又一實施例中,預反應黏著劑組合物可藉由以下方式來使用:隨後添加交聯劑、將混合物施加至鬆散組裝物質上並固化混合物,由此形成相對於已知基於碳水化合物之黏著劑具有類似或甚至改良性質的高度交聯之聚合黏著劑。在此情形下,本申請案之預反應黏著劑組合物可有利地製備、儲存及/或運輸,且藉由添加交聯劑稍後及/或於不同地方使用,以完成最終黏著劑組合物。
若無另外說明,則上述定義中之任一者亦適於下述本發明之其他態樣及實施例。
本發明之又一態樣係關於製造如上文所定義之預反應黏著劑組合物之方法,該方法包含以下步驟:(i)提供至少一種碳水化合物組份,(ii)提供至少一種含氮組份,
(iii)在溶劑中混合碳水化合物組份及含氮組份,及(iv)使碳水化合物組份及含氮組份在步驟(iii)中獲得之溶液或分散液中反應。
根據本發明,製造預反應黏著劑組合物之方法可在相對於預反應黏著劑組合物如上文所定義之相同條件(即組份及比率)實施。
在較佳實施例中,預反應黏著劑組合物之製備係在諸如水等溶劑中實施以直接產生可用於儲存、運輸之黏著劑溶液或作為基礎用於製備最終黏著劑組合物。舉例而言,預反應黏著劑組合物可在碳水化合物組份及含氮組份之濃縮水性溶液中製備。由此獲得之濃縮預反應黏著劑溶液隨後可藉由(例如)稀釋及添加交聯劑在稍後時間及/或在不同地方用作有效黏著劑以加固鬆散組裝物質。
根據本發明之較佳實施例,在實施上述步驟(i)至(iv)時使碳水化合物組份及含氮組份不與欲藉由聚合黏著劑黏著之物質集合接觸。
製造本發明預反應黏著劑組合物之上述方法之步驟(iv)中之溫度並無特別限制且包括10℃至120℃、15℃至110℃、20℃至100℃或25℃至90℃範圍內之溫度。舉例而言,反應溫度可在25℃至85℃、30℃至80℃、35℃至75℃或40℃至70℃範圍內。溫度範圍之具體實例包括40℃至90℃、45℃至85℃及50℃至75℃。根據本發明,製備預反應黏著劑組合物之溫度並不限於上述範圍,且該等範圍之上限值及下限值可自由組合。
根據一個實施例,上述方法之反應步驟(iv)係藉由使碳水化合物組份及含氮組份在至多120℃(例如至多115℃、至多110℃、至多105℃、至多100℃、至多95℃、至多90℃、至多85℃或至多80℃)之溫度下反應來實施。
類似地,上述方法中之反應步驟(iv)中碳水化合物組份及含氮組份的反應持續時間並無特別限制且包括5分鐘至240分鐘、5分鐘至210
分鐘、5分鐘至180分鐘、5分鐘至150分鐘、5分鐘至120分鐘、5分鐘至90分鐘、5分鐘至75分鐘、5分鐘至60分鐘、5分鐘至40分鐘、5分鐘至30分鐘及5分鐘至25分鐘之持續時間。其他實例包括5分鐘至240分鐘、10分鐘至240分鐘、15分鐘至240分鐘、20分鐘至240分鐘、25分鐘至240分鐘、30分鐘至240分鐘、40分鐘至240分鐘、45分鐘至240分鐘、60分鐘至240分鐘、120分鐘至240分鐘及180分鐘至240分鐘之持續時間。然而,高達1天、2天、3天、4天、5天及6天之持續時間以及1週、2週或3週之持續時間在本發明範疇內亦可合理。根據本發明,製備如上文所定義之預反應黏著劑組合物之持續時間並不限於上述實例且該等範圍之上限值及下限值在本文中可自由組合。
根據一個實施例,反應步驟(iv)係藉由使碳水化合物組份及含氮組份反應以下時段來實施:至多96小時,例如至多90小時、至多85小時、至多80小時、至多75小時、至多70小時、至多65小時、至多60小時、至多55小時、至多50小時、至多45小時、至多40小時、至多35小時、至多30小時、至多25小時、至多20小時、至多15小時、至多10小時、至多5小時或至多3小時。反應步驟(iv)可藉由使碳水化合物組份及含氮組份反應以下時段來實施:至少5分鐘、10分鐘、15分鐘、20分鐘、25分鐘、30分鐘、40分鐘、60分鐘、120分鐘或180分鐘。
根據具體實施例,反應步驟(iv)係藉由使碳水化合物組份及含氮組份於40℃至120℃之溫度範圍下反應5分鐘至180分鐘之時段來實施。
根據另一具體實施例,反應步驟(iv)係藉由使碳水化合物組份及含氮組份於20℃至30℃之溫度範圍下反應1小時至96小時之時段來實施。
根據本發明,實施上述方法之反應步驟(iv)之持續時間及溫度並不限於上述實例且該等範圍之上限值及下限值在本文中可自由組合。
根據又一實施例,在碳水化合物組份及含氮組份反應之步驟(iv)期間溶液或分散液之黏度增加不超過300cP,該黏度係於20℃下測定且在該步驟(iv)之前存在之總碳水化合物及含氮組份之起始濃度為70wt.-%。舉例而言,黏度增加不超過275cP、不超過250cP、不超過225cP、不超過200cP、不不超過175cP、不超過150cP、不超過100cP、不超過75cP或不超過50cP。
反應步驟(iv)可於大氣壓力或實質上於大氣壓力下在(例如)開口反應容器中實施。或者,反應步驟(iv)可在密閉反應容器中實施;其可在高於大氣壓力之壓力下實施。
根據另一態樣,本發明係關於可藉由如上文所定義之方法獲得之水溶性預反應黏著劑組合物。
舉例而言,一個實施例係關於如上文所定義之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該黏著劑-組合物可藉由使至少一種碳水化合物組份與至少一種含氮組份在溶劑中於至少10℃之溫度下反應至少5分鐘之時段獲得。
根據另一態樣,本發明係關於如上文所定義之水溶性預反應黏著劑組合物之用途,其用於製造包含藉由聚合黏著劑黏著之物質集合的產物。
本文中之術語「物質集合」並無特別限制且包括任何物質集合,其包含選自由以下組成之群之纖維:礦物纖維(包括渣棉纖維、岩棉纖維、玻璃纖維)、芳族聚醯胺纖維、陶瓷纖維、金屬纖維、碳纖維、聚醯亞胺纖維、聚酯纖維、人造絲纖維及纖維素纖維。物質集合之其他實例包括:微粒,例如煤、砂;纖維素纖維;木屑、鋸屑、木漿、磨木、木片、木質束、木層;其他天然纖維,例如黃麻、亞麻、大麻及秸稈;薄木片;飾面;木飾面、微粒、織造或非織造材料(例如包含尤其上文提及類型之纖維)。
本發明之又一態樣係關於製造藉由聚合黏著劑黏著之物質集合的方法,該方法包含以下步驟:(i)提供物質集合,(ii)在溶劑中提供上文定義之預反應黏著劑組合物或藉由如上文所定義之方法獲得之預反應黏著劑組合物以獲得溶液或分散液,(iii)將步驟(ii)中獲得之溶液或分散液施加至物質集合,及(iv)將能量施加至含有該溶液或分散液之物質集合以固化黏著劑組合物。
如上述方法中所定義之將能量施加至物質集合之步驟(iv)並無特別限制且端視物質之類型、黏著劑之量及其他條件而定,包括(例如)在爐中於100℃至350℃之溫度下加熱。
根據上述方法之一個實施例,在步驟(ii)中,向如上文所定義之預反應黏著劑組合物或藉由如上文所定義之方法獲得之預反應黏著劑組合物或其溶液或分散液中添加交聯劑。
在上文定義之製造物質集合之方法的又一實施例中,在步驟(ii)中添加交聯劑之前,如上文所定義之預反應黏著劑組合物或藉由如上文所定義之方法獲得之預反應黏著劑組合物已老化至少24小時。其他實例包括至少48小時、至少72小時、至少96小時、至少1週、2週或3週或至少1個月或2個月之老化時段。
根據本發明,預反應黏著劑組合物之化學組成可因在碳水化合物組份與含氮組份之間繼續反應而隨時間變化。舉例而言,即使在相對較低溫度(例如室溫(20℃)或以下)下,在碳水化合物組份與含氮組份之間仍可繼續進行梅納型反應而形成類黑精。因此,預反應黏著劑組合物之老化可加快黏著劑之最終固化過程及/或改良結合強度。
根據上文定義之製造物質集合之方法之又一實施例,在將步驟(ii)中獲得之溶液或分散液施加至物質集合之步驟之前,物質集合實
質上無黏著劑。
本發明之又一態樣係關於包含溶劑中之如上文所定義之預反應黏著劑組合物及交聯劑的黏著劑溶液或分散液。
尤其呈施加至欲黏著材料狀態之預反應黏著劑組合物溶液或分散液可包含:●至少5%、10%、15%或18%固體及/或●小於80%、70%或60%(尤其在木板應用之情形下)或小於50%、40%或20%之固體(尤其在礦物纖維絕緣應用之情形下)
此尤其以於140℃下乾燥2小時後以重量計烘乾固體來測定。
根據又一態樣,本發明係關於含有纖維或微粒之產物,其包含一或多種類型之纖維及/或微粒及如上文所定義之呈固化狀態之預反應黏著劑組合物。
本發明之黏著劑可在(例如)選自由以下組成之群之物件中用作黏著劑:隔熱材料;礦棉絕熱製品(包括玻璃棉絕熱製品及岩棉絕熱製品);木板;纖維板;木微粒板;木片板;定向刨花板;中等密度纖維板;膠合板;高壓層板。
尤其在礦棉絕熱製品之情形下,最終產品中黏著劑之量可為:●大於:1%、2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%或4%;及/或●小於:20%、15%、10%或8%
其以最終產品之乾重量測。
礦棉絕熱製品之黏著劑之量通常係藉由灼燒失量(LOI)量測。
尤其在礦物纖維絕緣情形下,產品可具有一或多種下述分離強度(parting strength):普通分離強度
●至少120g/g,較佳至少150g/g;及/或●小於400g/g
經風化之分離強度
●至少120g/g,較佳至少150g/g;及/或●小於400g/g
普通及經風化之分離強度間之損失%
●小於10%,較佳小於5%。
分離強度係以克(grams/gram)表示,其係六個測試試樣之總斷裂荷載除以其總重量。
該測試係針對所接收用於測試(普通分離強度)及如下文所解釋加速風化測試(風化分離強度)後之礦物纖維墊實施。
圖14所示形式與尺寸之第一組六個樣品係自欲測試之礦物纖維墊切割出。尺寸係:r:半徑12.7mm;DC:中心距44.5mm;a:25.4mm;b:121mm。
樣品長軸應平行於輸送機方向且樣品應在礦物墊之整個寬度上獲得。隨後以相同方式獲得第二組六個樣品。
記錄第一組六個樣品之總重量W1(以克表示)。
記錄第二組六個樣品之總重量W2(以克表示);隨後將該等樣品置於預熱高壓釜中且金屬網支架上遠離室底部於35kN/m2下在濕蒸汽下處理1小時。隨後將其移除,在100℃下於爐中乾燥5分鐘並立即測試分離強度。
為測試分離強度,將每一樣品依次安裝於5500 Instron抗伸強度機器之夾具上且記錄最大斷裂荷載(以克或牛頓(Newton)表示)。若所量測斷裂荷載係以牛頓表示,則藉由將其乘以101.9轉化為克數。針對每一組樣品獲得六個結果(以克表示):第一組樣品G1、G2、G3、
G4、G5及G6及第二組樣品G7、G8、G9、G10、G11及G12。
自第一組樣品使用公式普通分離強度=(G1+G2+G3+G4+G5+G6)/W1來計算普通分離強度。
自第二組樣品使用公式風化分離強度=(G7+G8+G9+G10+G11+G12)/W2來計算風化分離強度。
若產品係礦棉絕熱製品,則其可具有一或多個以下特徵:
●密度大於5kg/m3、8kg/m3或10kg/m3;
●密度小於200km/m3、180km/m3或150km/m3;
●包含玻璃棉纖維且密度大於5kg/m3、8kg/m3或10kg/m3及/或小於80kg/m3、60kg/m3或50kg/m3;
●包含石棉纖維且密度大於15kg/m3、20kg/m3或25kg/m3及/或小於220kg/m3、200kg/m3或180kg/m3;
●熱傳導係數λ小於0.05W/mK及/或大於0.02W/mK;
●包含小於99重量%及/或大於80重量%之礦物纖維。
●厚度大於10mm、15mm或20mm及/或小於400mm、350mm或300mm。
若產物係木板產物,則其可具有一或多個以下特徵:
●尺寸為至少50cm×80cm,較佳至少1m×2m
●厚度為至少11mm、12mm或15mm
●固化時間小於25分鐘、15分鐘、12分鐘或10分鐘
●根據EN319所量測之內結合強度為至少:0.4N/mm2或0.45N/mm2(尤其對於微粒板或纖維板),或根據EN300所量測為至少0.28N/mm2(尤其對於定向木片板)
●根據EN317在20℃下於水中24小時後,溶脹厚度小於12%、較佳小於10%
●在20℃下於水中24小時後,吸水率小於40%、較佳小於30%
●根據EN310彈性模數至少為:1800N/mm2(尤其對於微粒板或纖維板)或2500N/mm2(尤其對於定向木片板)或3500N/mm2或4800N/mm2
●彎曲強度(MOR)至少為:14N/m2(尤其對於微粒板或纖維板)或18N/mm2(尤其對於定向木片板)或20N/mm2或28N/mm2
●蠟作為添加劑在(例如)0.1重量%至2重量%、較佳0.5重量%至1重量%範圍內
●黏著劑含量(乾樹脂之重量對乾小木塊之重量)在8重量%至18重量%、較佳10重量%至16重量%、更佳12重量%至14重量%範圍內。
●在壓機中、尤其在板或滾筒之間固化,溫度大於180℃或200℃及/或小於280℃或260℃。
可向黏著劑組合物中納入各種添加劑。該等添加劑給予本發明黏著劑其他期望特徵。舉例而言,黏著劑可包括含矽偶合劑。許多含矽偶合劑可自Dow-Corning公司、Evonik Industries及Momentive Performance Materials購得。含矽偶合劑闡釋性地包括諸如矽烷基醚及烷基矽烷基醚化合物,其各自可視情況經(例如)鹵素、烷氧基、胺基及諸如此類取代。在一種變化形式中,含矽化合物係胺基取代之矽烷,例如γ-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷(SILQUEST A-1101;Momentive Performance Materials,Corporate Headquarters:22 Corporate Woods Boulevard,Albany,NY 12211 USA)。在另一變化形式中,含矽化合物係胺基取代之矽烷,例如胺基乙基胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷(Dow Z-6020;Dow Chemical,Midland,MI;USA)。在另一變化形式中,含矽化合物係γ-縮水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷(SILQUEST A-187;Momentive)。在又一變化形式中,含矽化合物係胺基官能基寡聚矽氧烷(HYDROSIL 2627,Evonik Industries,379 Interpace Pkwy,
Parsippany,NJ 07054)。
含矽偶合劑通常係以基於溶解黏著劑固體約0.1重量%至約1重量%(即,基於添加至水性溶液中之固體之重量約0.05%至約3%)之範圍存於黏著劑中。該等含聚矽氧化合物增強黏著劑黏附至設置有黏著劑之物質(例如玻璃纖維)的能力。增強黏著劑黏附至物質之能力會改良(例如)其在未組裝或鬆散組裝物質中產生或促進內聚的能力。
在另一闡釋性實施例中,本發明黏著劑可包括一或多種腐蝕抑制劑。該等腐蝕抑制劑防止或抑制侵蝕或磨損物質,例如,因由酸帶來之化學分解產生之金屬。在本發明黏著劑中包括腐蝕抑制劑時,與不存在抑制劑之黏著劑之腐蝕性相比,黏著劑之腐蝕性降低。在一個實施例中,可利用該等腐蝕抑制劑來降低本文所述含有礦物纖維之組合物的腐蝕性。腐蝕抑制劑闡釋性地包括以下中之一或多者:防塵油或磷酸單銨、偏矽酸鈉五水合物、三聚氰胺、草酸錫(II)及/或甲基氫聚矽氧流體乳液。腐蝕抑制劑在包括於本發明黏著劑中時通常係以基於溶解黏著劑固體約0.5重量%至約2重量%之範圍存於黏著劑中。
根據一個實施例,如上文所定義之含有纖維或微粒之產物可藉由如上文所定義之製造物質集合之方法獲得。
根據具體實施例,含有纖維或微粒之產物含有一或多種果糖嗪。較佳地,該一或多種果糖嗪係以如下量存在:0.001wt.-%至5wt.-%,例如0.01wt.-%至5wt.-%、0.05wt.-%至5wt.-%、0.1wt.-%至5wt.-%、0.15wt.-%至5wt.-%、0.2wt.-%至5wt.-%、0.25wt.-%至5wt.-%、0.3wt.-%至5wt.-%、0.4wt.-%至5wt.-%、0.5wt.-%至5wt.-%、0.75wt.-%至5wt.-%、1wt.-%至5wt.-%、1.5wt.-%至5wt.-%、2wt.-%至5wt.-%或2.5wt.-%至5wt.-%。其他實例包括以下範圍:0.01wt.-%至4.5wt.-%、0.01wt.-%至4wt.-%、0.01wt.-%至3.5wt.-%、0.01wt.-%至3wt.-%、0.01wt.-%至2.5wt.-%、0.01wt.-%至2wt.-%、
0.01wt.-%至1.5wt.-%、0.01wt.-%至1wt.-%或0.01wt.-%至0.75wt.-%。根據本發明,本發明含有纖維或微粒之產物中含有之一或多種果糖嗪之量並不限於上述範圍,且該等範圍之上限值及下限值可自由組合。
圖顯示:圖1顯示:與氨預反應之右旋糖黏著劑之固化速率及其pH。
圖2顯示:與HMDA預反應之右旋糖黏著劑之固化速率及其pH。
圖3顯示:在不同老化時間下利用右旋糖/果糖+HMDA預反應黏著劑製得之板之平均內結合及溶脹結果。
圖4顯示:在製造板之同一天量測之老化右旋糖/果糖+HMDA預反應黏著劑的黏度及膠凝時間。
圖5顯示:在氙燈下327小時之老化測試儀暴露測試期間,預反應黏著劑(GWE2)之褪色弱於標準黏著劑(GWST)。
圖6顯示:各種預反應黏著劑之黏度演化。
圖7顯示:各種預反應黏著劑之黏度演化。
圖8顯示:各種預反應黏著劑之黏度演化。
圖9顯示:各種預反應黏著劑之pH演化。
圖10顯示:120℃固化溫度下取決於HFCS/氨/HMDA莫耳比率之固化時間。
圖11顯示:120℃下取決於二胺(HMDA對EDR-104)之交聯之HFCS/氨預反應物之固化時間。
圖12顯示:140℃下取決於二胺(HMDA對EDR-104)之交聯之HFCS/氨預反應物之固化時間。
圖13顯示:160℃下取決於二胺(HMDA對EDR-104)之交聯之HFCS/氨預反應物之固化時間。
圖14顯示:礦物纖維測試樣品之平面圖。
圖15顯示:預反應黏著劑組合物之黏度及吸光度。
圖16顯示:GPC裝置之校準。
圖17顯示:不同預反應時間下之預反應黏著劑組合物之GPC層析圖。
圖18顯示:不同預反應溫度下之預反應黏著劑組合物之GPC層析圖。
本發明預反應黏著劑組合物有利地克服自基於碳水化合物之普通黏著劑已知之多個缺點。預反應黏著劑組合物之較佳實施例尤其可儲存或運輸延長時間,而碳水化合物組份不會重結晶或不會發生將會使得黏著劑組合物不可用的膠凝。此外,本發明預反應黏著劑組合物之較佳實施例使(例如)所得纖維產物具有改良固化時間、改良結合強度及減輕褪色。藉由使用本發明預反應黏著劑組合物之較佳實施例,可獲得含有纖維或微粒之產物,其具有減少含量之未反應碳水化合物組份,以使其針對微生物降解更穩定。
以下實例將進一步闡釋本發明,而不限於此。
使右旋糖於100℃下與氨預反應不同時間(t=0h、1h及3h)且隨後與HMDA、檸檬酸或硫酸銨交聯。t=0對應於碳水化合物組份及含氮組份之混合及立刻添加交聯劑,即不為預反應提供任何時間。
利用最佳莫耳濃度當量計算黏著劑,其中糖與半等莫耳濃度之氨基團預反應且與另一半交聯(表1、2及3)。
總體比率係:來自糖之C=O/來自氨之-NH3/來自HMDA或AmSO4之-NH2或來自檸檬酸之-COOH等於2/1/1。
預反應(82.76% DMH+3.92%氨)+13.32% HMDA:
預反應(81.63% DMH+3.87%氨)+14.5%檸檬酸:
預反應(81.22% DMH+3.85% HMDA)+14.93% AmSO4:
預反應黏著劑之固化:如上文所述,於70%固體下製備9種黏著劑且稀釋至7%固體以將其在微纖維濾紙上固化。將濾紙固化5分鐘(充分固化)或2.5分鐘(在水中留下少量萃取物)。亦將黏著劑以22.5%稀釋以跟蹤其固化速率(參
照圖1)。為跟蹤固化速率,將數滴黏著劑放置於玻璃纖維濾紙上並固化不同時間。將固化斑點萃取至水中並使用分光光度計量測浸出液之吸光度。吸光度最初由於可溶性彩色化合物之形成而上升。吸光度隨後由於該等可溶性化合物之交聯而下降。將此固化速度視為吸光度下降至最小值所用之時間。
在此實驗系列中,HMDA係最快交聯劑,其次係硫酸銨及檸檬酸。預反應1小時顯示改良固化速率。在3小時預反應下,與檸檬酸交聯較慢。在1小時或3小時預反應後,硫酸銨及HMDA以相同速率交聯。
右旋糖於60℃下與HMDA預反應0分鐘、15分鐘及60分鐘且與HMDA、檸檬酸或硫酸銨交聯。
基於實例1計算黏著劑:總體比率係:來自糖之C=O/來自HMDA之-NH2/來自HMDA或AmSO4之-NH2或來自檸檬酸之-COOH等於2/0.8/0.8(表4、5及6)。
預反應(80% DMH+10% HMDA)+10% HMDA:
預反應(79.2% DMH+9.9% HMDA)+10.9%檸檬酸:
預反應(78.9% DMH+9.86% HMDA)+11.24% AmSO4:
如實例1部分中所述,將黏著劑在濾紙(於200℃下5分鐘)上及鋁盤中固化。使用實例1關於跟蹤固化速率所述之程序於140℃下比較其固化速率(參照圖2)。
在此實驗系列中,在右旋糖及HMDA預反應時,HMDA仍係最快交聯劑,其次係檸檬酸及硫酸銨。此表明,經由與HMDA預反應形成之聚合物不同於利用氨形成者,因此檸檬酸成為比硫酸銨更有效之交聯劑。
評定預反應黏著劑關於微粒板產生如何隨時間變化。具體而言,提供關於老化預反應黏著劑是否產生更好或更差內結合強度(IB)之板的指示及對溶脹程度之效應對新鮮預反應黏著劑之使用。
自最初生產黏著劑直至其在實驗室或工廠試驗中之使用可耗時數週。此主要係由於運輸時間、製造方案及測試延遲所致。必需知曉黏著劑老化幾週是否會影響自其製得之任何板之性質。據信,預反應黏著劑於室溫(約20℃)下將以顯著較低之速度繼續反應,此可引起i)繼續朝向類黑精之梅納反應,此意味著,最終固化需要完成之反應較少且因此應更快且更容易地達成,ii)該反應可沿略有不同之途徑繼續進行,從而產生在如類黑精一般經黏著時更強或在完全固化時可能較弱之分子,及iii)該等額外反應可產生不期望副產物(例如酸),其可減緩固化。
製造1.8kg預反應黏著劑,其係由以下組成:616g右旋糖,560g果糖,200g HMDA及424g水。
將預反應於60℃至63℃下控制15分鐘。為此,可需要添加額外200g HMDA以製造2kg黏著劑。計算每次混合實際上所需之HMDA之額外量且在需要時添加至所需量之預反應物中。在任何時間皆不向預反應物之主體中添加額外HMDA。
在製造預反應黏著劑當天及自彼時起每7天製造板。在製造板時量測預反應黏著劑之黏度及自其產生之黏著劑之膠凝時間。利用每一混合物藉由在以下條件下在壓機之滾筒之間壓製並固化來製造兩個板;板大小-300mm×300mm×10mm
期望密度-650kg/m3
片之水份-3.1%
黏著劑%-10.0重量%
滾筒溫度-195℃
壓機因子-14s/mm
壓力-504KN
假定第一次混合係於第0天,則在第0、7、14及21天產生板。在第0及14天,僅測試一個板,如在第0天,以12s/mm製造一個板,且在第14天,使用一個板試驗新程序。
在產生後,在測試之前,將板在類似條件下條件化最少3天。測試由以下組成:在Testometric機器上之內結合測試、及在設定於20℃之水浴中之2小時及24小時溶脹測試。
預反應黏著劑組合物可藉由以下程序製造:
1.向所需量之糖中添加所需量之熱水。
2.記錄燒杯、溶液及攪拌棒之總重量。
3.施加熱並攪拌以輔助溶解。熱板及電攪拌器工作良好。此可花費30分鐘或更長時間。確保所有晶體皆溶解且溶液澄清。
4.碳水化合物(例如右旋糖)溶液在溶解時溫度應為約55℃至60℃。否則,則將其進行調節以滿足該溫度。
5.檢查燒杯、溶液及攪拌器之重量並用水加滿至(2.)中之記錄
重量,以慮及蒸發。
6.添加所需量之含氮組份(例如HMDA)並記錄新的總重量,隨後施加攪拌。
7.反應溫度應升至60℃且(若需要)應使用熱板將其維持於60℃至63℃之間。
8.於該溫度下保持15分鐘,用電攪拌器持續攪拌。溶液將變為黃色->褐色->極深褐色。
9.檢查重量並加滿至(6.)中記錄之重量,以慮及蒸發。
10.在鬆散密封之容器中快速冷卻溶液,以避免儘可能多的蒸發。水浴工作良好,將溶液分成多個部分以幫助冷卻亦如此。重要的是,在使用之前冷卻反應混合物,且減少潛在蒸發。
11.在冷卻後,預反應溶液係完全的。20℃下之黏度應在300cp至320cp之範圍內。
在未預反應情況下,在組合含有50%木糖之碳水化合物溶液時,通常在5分鐘內發生膠凝。因此,不可使用該黏著劑製造板。然而,在預反應情況下,可製造成功用於產生木板之穩定黏著劑。
表8顯示預反應黏著劑(木糖:果糖:HMDA 44.44:44.44:11.11重量%之反應物)之測試穩定性之結果。表9顯示在實施預反應以產生木糖:果糖:HMDA/40:40:20之以重量計之總反應物含量後在進一步添加HMDA後(其亦可表示為:預反應之(木糖:果糖:HMDA)+隨後添加之HMDA(40:40:10)+10)的該等預反應黏著劑之測試穩定性之結果。嘗試不同預反應時間。
在此實驗系列中,在自22.5分鐘預反應黏著劑溶液及以上產生之黏著劑中顯示極小差別。可注意,自15分鐘預反應製得之黏著劑膠凝,而其他黏著劑固化。
關於木糖黏著劑穩定性之上述工作顯示22.5分鐘之預反應時間係已知產生穩定黏著劑之最低時間。實際時刻在15分鐘與22.5分鐘之間之某刻。在黏著劑於室溫下在3天內固化時,由木糖黏著劑顯示之固化速度於此處清晰可見。
在此實驗系列中,黏著劑配方係如下:85% DMH(右旋糖單水合物)+15% AmSO4(硫酸銨)+1.25% NH4OH+9%油乳液+0.3% ISI0200(矽烷)
對於預反應黏著劑而言,使DMH及AmSO4於100℃下以65%固體
預反應2小時。在試驗當天,稀釋此黏著劑;向其中添加氨、油乳液及矽烷。
在實驗室中製備240kg預反應黏著劑(65%固體)。在試驗當天,稀釋此黏著劑,亦添加矽烷及油乳液以產生15%之黏著劑固體。
藉由在試驗當天組合該等成份而不加熱製造未反應黏著劑。
黏著劑用於製造25mm厚之礦棉絕熱製品(通用板(universal slab)CS32),密度=32kg/m3,黏著劑含量(wt%,量測為LOI)=7.5%。
發現預反應黏著劑產生比利用標準未預反應黏著劑更具剛性且更髒之產物。含塵量增加可指示黏著劑過固化。利用預反應及未預反應黏著劑之固化及黏著劑含量(重量%,量測為LOI)類似。預反應黏著劑在曝光時褪色亦較弱,其顯示預反應聚合物產生不同發色團(參照圖5)。
下表10顯示:
i)兩種黏著劑皆產生具有類似LOI及分離強度之玻璃棉絕緣產物。預反應黏著劑更具剛性且更髒。塵土增加可能係由利用預反應黏著劑製得之產物之較高密度部分解釋。
ii)斜升水份在墊之地方中變化,其可係由於在成形輸送機下抽吸失衡。
圖5顯示在氙燈下327小時之老化測試儀暴露測試期間,預反應黏著劑(GWE2)之褪色弱於標準黏著劑(GWST)。在英國,此暴露時間代表暴露4個月。
預反應黏著劑顯示所製造產物之剛性之優勢。DMH預反應之其他潛在優勢係在固化爐之前重結晶較少且洗滌水中之細菌含量減少。褪色實驗顯示,預反應黏著劑褪色較弱。
藉由在密封壓力玻璃瓶中於水(以70%固體)中混合DMH(88.89wt.-%,基於無水之黏著劑組合物之總重量)及HMDA(11.11wt.-%,基於無水之黏著劑組合物之總重量)(即5.16莫耳濃度當量之DMH及1莫耳濃度當量之HMDA)製備DMH/HMDA預反應物並於60℃下加熱20min以製備預反應黏著劑組合物。
將預反應黏著劑組合物於60℃下進一步加熱11天,同時跟蹤黏著劑溶液之黏度及吸光度。如圖15中所示,在此實驗系列中,僅預反應物之吸光度在預反應時間內穩定增加,而預反應物之黏度不會增加直
至預反應之最近階段。
使用蔗糖及不同支鏈澱粉(pullulan)對上述GPC裝置進行校準(圖
16)。
在水中混合D-葡萄糖(44.45wt.-%,基於無水之黏著劑組合物之總量)、D-果糖(44.45wt.-%,基於無水之黏著劑組合物之總量)及HMDA(11.1wt.-%,基於無水之黏著劑組合物之總量)以獲得黏著劑組合物。
圖17顯示上述黏著劑組合物在60℃下預反應0min、20min、40min及60min時之GPC層析圖(標準:蔗糖)。
GPC圖清晰顯示具有相對較高分子量之預聚物(GPC滯留約10分鐘至15分鐘)、中分子量預聚物(GPC滯留約15分鐘至20分鐘)及低分子份數之預反應黏著劑組合物(GPC滯留約>20分鐘)的存在。
圖18顯示上述黏著劑組合物在60℃、80℃及100℃下預反應20min時之GPC層析圖(標準:蔗糖)。
GPC圖清晰顯示具有相對較高分子量之預聚物(GPC滯留約10分鐘至15分鐘)、中分子量預聚物(GPC滯留約15分鐘至20分鐘)及低分子份數之預反應黏著劑組合物(GPC滯留約>20分鐘)的存在。
Claims (39)
- 一種水溶性預反應黏著劑組合物,其包含以下組份之反應產物:(i)至少一種碳水化合物組份,及(ii)至少一種含氮組份。
- 如請求項1之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該黏著劑組合物包含至少一種具有在1kDa至500kDa範圍內之分子量的預聚物。
- 如請求項2之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該至少一種預聚物係以基於該黏著劑組合物之總重量2wt.-%或更多之量包含。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該黏著劑組合物包含至少一種具有在超過80kDa至500kDa範圍內之分子量的預聚物(高分子量預聚物)。
- 如請求項4之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該至少一種高分子量預聚物係以基於該黏著劑組合物之總重量0.2wt.-%或更多之量包含。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該黏著劑組合物包含至少一種具有在超過10kDa至80kDa範圍內之分子量的預聚物(中分子量預聚物)。
- 如請求項6之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該至少一種中分子量預聚物係以基於該黏著劑組合物之總重量0.3wt.-%或更多之量包含。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該黏著劑組合物包含一或多種具有10kDa或更小之分子量的化合物(低分子量化合物),且該等化合物不同於(i)該至少一種碳水化合物組份及(ii)該至少一種含氮組份。
- 如請求項8之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該等低分子量化合物包含以下中之一或多者:羥乙醛、甘油醛、2-側氧基丙醛、丙酮醇、二羥基丙酮、乙醯甲基甲醇、丁二酮、乙醛、葡醛酮糖、1-去氧己酮糖、3-去氧己酮糖、3-去氧-戊酮糖、1,4-二去氧己酮糖、乙二醛、甲基乙二醛、聯乙醯及5-(羥基甲基)糠醛。
- 如請求項1之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該黏著劑組合物包含:至少一種具有在1kDa至500kDa範圍內之分子量的預聚物,其係以基於該黏著劑組合物之總重量計2wt.-%或更多之量包含;至少一種具有在超過80kDa至500kDa範圍內之分子量的預聚物(高分子量預聚物);及至少一種具有在超過10kDa至80kDa範圍內之分子量的預聚物(中分子量預聚物)。
- 如請求項1之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該黏著劑組合物包含:至少一種具有在1kDa至500kDa範圍內之分子量的預聚物,其係以基於該黏著劑組合物之總重量計2wt.-%或更多之量包含;至少一種具有在超過80kDa至500kDa範圍內之分子量的預聚物(高分子量預聚物);至少一種具有在超過10kDa至80kDa範圍內之分子量的預聚物(中分子量預聚物);及一或多種具有10kDa或更小之分子量的化合物(低分子量化合物),且該等化合物不同於(i)該至少一種碳水化合物組份及(ii)該至少一種含氮組份。
- 如請求項10或11中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該至少一種高分子量預聚物係以基於該黏著劑組合物之總重量0.2wt.-%或更多之量包含;且該至少一種中分子量預聚物係以基於該黏著劑組合物之總重 量0.3wt.-%或更多之量包含。
- 如請求項1至3、10或11中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中含有70wt.-%該預反應黏著劑組合物之水性溶液於20℃下具有至多2000cP之黏度。
- 如請求項1至3、10或11中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中含有70wt.-%該預反應黏著劑組合物之水性溶液在20℃下靜置12小時時黏度增加不超過500cP。
- 如請求項1至3、10或11中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該預反應黏著劑組合物能夠與交聯劑反應以產生一或多種呈水不溶性組合物之類黑精。
- 如請求項1至3、10或11中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該(等)碳水化合物組份中之總羰基對該(等)含氮組份中之總反應性含氮基團之比率係5:1至1:5。
- 如請求項1至3、10或11中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該至少一種碳水化合物組份係選自由以下組成之群:單糖、二糖、多糖或其反應產物。
- 如請求項1至3、10或11中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該至少一種碳水化合物組份係選自由以下組成之群:還原糖、核糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、來蘇糖、葡萄糖(右旋糖)、甘露糖、半乳糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖(altrose)、太洛糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、果糖、阿洛酮糖、山梨糖、二羥基丙酮、蔗糖及塔格糖以及其混合物。
- 如請求項1至3、10或11中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該至少一種含氮組份係NH3、無機胺或包含至少一個一級胺基團之有機胺以及其鹽。
- 如請求項1至3、10或11中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物,其中該 碳水化合物組份與該含氮組份之間之重量比係0.5:1至30:1。
- 如請求項1至3、10或11中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物,其包含至少10%由該碳水化合物組份提供之初始羰基。
- 一種製造如請求項1至21中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物之方法,該方法包含以下步驟:(i)提供至少一種碳水化合物組份,(ii)提供至少一種含氮組份,(iii)在溶劑中混合該(等)碳水化合物組份及該(等)含氮組份,及(iv)使該(等)碳水化合物組份及該(等)含氮組份在步驟(iii)中獲得之溶液或分散液中反應。
- 如請求項22之方法,其中在實施步驟(i)至(iv)時,該(等)碳水化合物組份及該(等)含氮組份不與欲藉由聚合黏著劑黏著之物質集合接觸。
- 如請求項22或23之方法,其中反應步驟(iv)係藉由使該(等)碳水化合物組份及該(等)含氮組份於至多120℃之溫度下反應來實施。
- 如請求項22或23之方法,其中反應步驟(iv)係藉由使該(等)碳水化合物組份及該(等)含氮組份反應至多96小時之時段來實施。
- 如請求項22或23之方法,其中反應步驟(iv)係藉由使該(等)碳水化合物組份及該(等)含氮組份於40℃至120℃之溫度範圍下反應5分鐘至180分鐘之時段來實施。
- 如請求項22或23之方法,其中反應步驟(iv)係藉由使該(等)碳水化合物組份及該(等)含氮組份於20℃至30℃之溫度範圍下反應1小時至96小時之時段來實施。
- 如請求項22或23之方法,其中在該(等)碳水化合物組份及該(等)含氮組份反應之步驟(iv)期間該溶液或分散液之黏度增加不超過 300cP,該黏度係於20℃下測定且在該步驟(iv)之前存在之總碳水化合物及含氮組份之起始濃度為70wt.-%。
- 一種可藉由如請求項22至28中任一項之方法獲得之水溶性預反應黏著劑組合物。
- 一種如請求項1至21中任一項之水溶性預反應黏著劑組合物之用途,其係用於製造包含藉由聚合黏著劑黏著之物質集合的產物。
- 一種製造藉由聚合黏著劑黏著之物質集合的方法,該方法包含以下步驟:(i)提供物質集合,(ii)在溶劑中提供如請求項1至21中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物或藉由如請求項22至28中任一項之方法獲得之預反應黏著劑組合物,以獲得溶液或分散液,(iii)將步驟(ii)中獲得之該溶液或分散液施加至該物質集合,及(iv)將能量施加至含有該溶液或分散液之該物質集合以固化該黏著劑組合物。
- 如請求項31之方法,其中在步驟(ii)中,將交聯劑添加至如請求項1至21中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物或藉由如請求項22至28中任一項之方法獲得之該預反應黏著劑組合物或其溶液或分散液。
- 如請求項31或32之製造物質集合之方法,其中在步驟(iv)中將能量施加至該物質集合之前,如請求項1至21中任一項之該預反應黏著劑組合物或可藉由如請求項22至28中任一項之方法獲得之該預反應黏著劑已老化至少24小時。
- 如請求項31或32之製造物質集合之方法,其中在將步驟(ii)中獲得之該溶液或分散液施加至該物質集合之該步驟之前,該物質 集合實質上無黏著劑。
- 一種黏著劑溶液或分散液,其包含存於溶劑中之如請求項1至21中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物及交聯劑。
- 一種含有纖維或微粒之產物,其包含一或多種類型之纖維及/或微粒及呈固化狀態之如請求項1至21中任一項之預反應黏著劑組合物。
- 如請求項36之含有纖維或微粒之產物,其可藉由如請求項31至34中任一項之方法獲得。
- 如請求項36或37之含有纖維或微粒之產物,其中該產物含有一或多種果糖嗪(fructosazines)。
- 如請求項38之含有纖維或微粒之產物,其中該一或多種果糖嗪係以基於該固化黏著劑之總質量計0.001wt.-%至5wt.-%之量存在。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106661418A (zh) * | 2014-05-20 | 2017-05-10 | 克瑙夫绝缘私人有限公司 | 粘合剂 |
CN106661418B (zh) * | 2014-05-20 | 2021-07-09 | 克瑙夫绝缘私人有限公司 | 粘合剂 |
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