TW201330344A - 有機電致發光元件 - Google Patents
有機電致發光元件 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201330344A TW201330344A TW101129382A TW101129382A TW201330344A TW 201330344 A TW201330344 A TW 201330344A TW 101129382 A TW101129382 A TW 101129382A TW 101129382 A TW101129382 A TW 101129382A TW 201330344 A TW201330344 A TW 201330344A
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- carbon atoms
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbazole Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- -1 carbazole compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 70
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 46
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 35
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 20
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 20
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 17
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene sulfoxide Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthene Chemical compound C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 8
- RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzarone Chemical compound CCC=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 6
- FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-naphthyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CN=C21 FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2[34S]C3=C(C=21)C=CC=C3 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N quinidine Chemical group C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl amine Natural products NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001748 luminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000003410 quininyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IBXNCJKFFQIKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentyne Chemical compound CCCC#C IBXNCJKFFQIKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (2S,3S)-3,4-dimethyl-2-phenylmorpholine Chemical compound OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.C[C@H]1[C@@H](OCCN1C)c1ccccc1 VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRQJERFKOCCFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1,3-bis(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2-thione Chemical compound S=C1N(CN2CCCCC2)CN(C)CN1CN1CCCCC1 CRQJERFKOCCFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-thioxanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGPGOSOMRCGTQE-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Al+3].CC1=NC2=C(C=CC=C2C=C1C=1C(=C(C=CC1C1=CC=CC=C1)[O-])C=1C(=NC2=C(C=CC=C2C1)O)C)O.CC1=NC2=C(C=CC=C2C=C1C=1C(=C(C=CC1C1=CC=CC=C1)[O-])C=1C(=NC2=C(C=CC=C2C1)O)C)O.CC1=NC2=C(C=CC=C2C=C1C=1C(=C(C=CC1C1=CC=CC=C1)[O-])C=1C(=NC2=C(C=CC=C2C1)O)C)O Chemical compound [Al+3].CC1=NC2=C(C=CC=C2C=C1C=1C(=C(C=CC1C1=CC=CC=C1)[O-])C=1C(=NC2=C(C=CC=C2C1)O)C)O.CC1=NC2=C(C=CC=C2C=C1C=1C(=C(C=CC1C1=CC=CC=C1)[O-])C=1C(=NC2=C(C=CC=C2C1)O)C)O.CC1=NC2=C(C=CC=C2C=C1C=1C(=C(C=CC1C1=CC=CC=C1)[O-])C=1C(=NC2=C(C=CC=C2C1)O)C)O UGPGOSOMRCGTQE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008425 anthrones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-yne Chemical compound CCC#C KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001788 chalcone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=C21 WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentene Chemical compound C1CC=CC1 LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229940083761 high-ceiling diuretics pyrazolone derivative Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lichenxanthone Natural products COC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C3OC2=C1 QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-SVYQBANQSA-N oxolane-d8 Chemical compound [2H]C1([2H])OC([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C1([2H])[2H] WYURNTSHIVDZCO-SVYQBANQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
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- HGGYAQHDNDUIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichloronickel;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Ni]Cl HGGYAQHDNDUIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- NRNFFDZCBYOZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-quinodimethane Chemical compound C=C1C=CC(=C)C=C1 NRNFFDZCBYOZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQPUONNXJVWHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UQPUONNXJVWHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxathiine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]I(=O)=O JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001230 potassium iodate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006666 potassium iodate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940093930 potassium iodate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VIHDTGHDWPVSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Ru].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VIHDTGHDWPVSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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Abstract
本發明提供一種改善元件之發光效率、充分地確保驅動安定性、且具有簡單構成之有機電致發光元件(有機EL元件)。本發明為一種有機電致發光元件,其為於層合於基板上之陽極與陰極之間具有含發光層之有機層之有機電致發光元件,其中有機層之至少一層含有以下述式(1)表示之咔唑化合物。有利地是,發光層中含有上述咔唑化合物作為主體材料。式(1)中A為直接鍵、或n價之基,E為氧或硫,n為2~4價之整數,□
Description
本發明係關於有機電致發光元件,詳言之,係關於對於有機化合物所成之發光層施加電場而釋出光之薄膜型裝置。
一般,有機電致發光元件(以下稱為有機EL元件)其最簡單之構造係由發光層及夾持該層之一對對向電極所構成。亦即,有機EL元件係利用將電場施加於兩電極間時,自陰極注入電子,且自陽極注入電洞,使該等於發光層中再結合而釋出光之現象。
近年來,已進行使用有機薄膜之有機EL元件之開發。尤其,為提高發光效率,而進行電極種類之最適化以提高來自電極之載體注入效率,藉由於電極間設置由芳香族二胺所成之電洞輸送層與由8-羥基喹啉鋁錯合物(以下稱為Alq3)所成之發光層作為薄膜之元件開發,由於與過去之使用蒽等單結晶之元件相比,大幅改善了發光效率,故以具有自發光.高速應答性之特徵之高性能可撓面板之實用化為目標進展。
又,亦檢討使用非螢光之磷光作為提高元件之發光效率之嘗試。以設置由上述芳香族二胺所成之電洞輸送層與由Alq3所成之發光層之元件為代表大多數元件均為利用螢光發光者,但藉由使用磷光發光,亦即利用自三重態激
發狀態之發光,相較於過去使用螢光(單態)之元件,期待可提高3~4倍左右之效率。為了該目的雖已檢討以香豆素衍生物或二苯甲酮衍生物作為發光層,但僅能獲得極低亮度。另外,雖已檢討使用銪錯合物作為利用三重態狀態之嘗試,但此仍無法達到高效率之發光。近年來,如專利文獻1中所舉例之以銥錯合物等有機金屬錯合物為中心以達發光之高效率化或長壽命化之研究已被大量進行。
[專利文獻1]WO01/041512
[專利文獻2]特開2001-313178號公報
[專利文獻3]WO2009/008100
[專利文獻4]WO2005/057987
[專利文獻5]特開2005-132820號公報
[專利文獻6]特開2004-071500號公報
為獲得高的發光效率,重要的是與前述摻雜物材料一起使用之主體材料。作為主體材料已被提案之代表者列舉為專利文獻2所介紹之咔唑化合物之4,4’-雙(9-咔唑基)聯苯(以下稱CBP)。CBP作為以參(2-苯基吡啶)銥錯合物(以下稱為Ir(ppy)3)為代表之綠色磷光發光材料之主體材料而使用時,CBP容易流過電洞而不易流過電子之特性方面,會使電荷注入均衡瓦解,過量之電洞流出到電子輸送層側,結果使來自Ir(ppy)3之發光效率下降。
如前述,為了以有機EL元件獲得高的發光效率,需要有具有高的三重態激發能量,且兩電荷(電洞.電子)
注入輸送特性之均衡之主體材料。另外,期望具備電化學安定,且同時具備高的耐熱性以及優異之非晶型安定性之化合物,而要求進一步的改良。
專利文獻3中揭示作為有機EL元件之主體材料之如下所示之咔唑化合物。
然而,該咔唑衍生物由於在二苯并呋喃之3,7位上具有苯基,故推測無法獲得充分之發光效率。
專利文獻4中揭示作為有機EL元件之主體材料之如下所示之咔唑化合物。
專利文獻5中揭示作為有機EL元件之主體材料之如
下所示之咔唑化合物。
然而,上述化合物僅揭示咔唑在9位連結之化合物。
專利文獻6中揭示作為有機EL元件之主體材料之如下所示之咔唑化合物。
然而,上述化合物僅揭示於咔唑之9位導入苯基之化合物,並未揭示使用將咔唑導入於二苯并噻吩或二苯并呋喃之1位上之化合物之有機EL元件之有用性。
為了將有機EL元件應用於可撓面板顯示器等顯示元件,有必要改善元件之發光效率同時充分確保驅動時之安定性。本發明鑑於上述現狀,其目的係提供一種具有高效率且高的驅動安定性之實用上有用之有機EL元件及適用其之化合物。
本發明人等積極檢討之結果,發現使用於二苯并噻吩或二苯并呋喃之1位上具有以咔唑之N位鍵結之骨架,且在咔唑之3位之位置處連結2~4個之化合物作為有機EL元件顯示出優異之特性,因而完成本發明。
本發明係關於一種有機電致發光元件,其特徵為於基板上層合陽極、有機層與陰極所成之有機電致發光元件,且由發光層、電洞輸送層、電子輸送層、電洞阻止層及電子阻止層所組成群組選出之至少一層中使用以通式(1)表示之咔唑化合物,
通式(1)中,A為直接鍵、-O-、-S-、-Se-、>N-、>N-R、>Si-(R)2、>Ge-(R)2、碳數1~12之n價脂肪族烴基、碳數3~12之n價脂環式烴基、碳數6~18之n價芳香族烴基、碳數3~17之n價芳香族雜環基、或由碳數6~18之芳香族烴環及碳數3~17之芳香族雜環選出之芳香族環以2~4個連結而成之n價基,其中,上述n價之芳香族烴基、n價之芳香族雜環基、或上述芳香族環可具有取代基。
R各獨立表示碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之環烷基、碳數6~18之芳香族烴基、碳數3~17之芳香族雜環基。
R’各獨立表示氫、碳數1~12之烷基、或碳數1~12之烷氧基。
E表示氧或硫。
n表示2~4之整數。
通式(1)中,A為直接鍵、碳數1~6之n價脂肪族烴基、碳數3~8之n價脂環式烴基、上述n價之芳香族烴基、上述n價之芳香族雜環基、或上述芳香環以2~4個連結而成之n價基之任一者。且,更好為直接鍵、n價之芳香族烴基、n價之芳香族雜環基、或芳香族環以2~4個連結而成之n價之基之任一者。
通式(1)中,n較好為2或3之整數。
又,上述有機電致發光元件較好具有含有以通式(1)表示之咔唑化合物與磷光發光摻雜物之發光層。
本發明之有機電致發光元件係於特定層中含有以前述通式(1)表示之咔唑化合物。通式(1)中,A為直接鍵或n價之基,但n為2、3或4。A為直接鍵、-O-、-S-、-Se-、>N-、>N-R、>Si-(R)2、>Ge-(R)2、碳數1~12較好1~6之n價脂肪族烴基、碳數3~12較好3~8之n價脂環式烴基、碳數6~18之n價芳香族烴基、碳數3~17之n價芳香族雜環基、或由碳數6~18之芳香族烴環、及碳數3~17之芳香族雜環選出之芳香族環以2~4個連結而成之n價基。
此處,上述n價之芳香族烴基、n價之芳香族雜環基、芳香族烴環及芳香族雜環可具有取代基,亦可無取代基。
較好,A為直接鍵、上述n價之脂肪族烴基、上述n價之脂環式烴基、上述n價之芳香族烴基、上述n價之芳香族雜環基、或上述芳香族環以2~4個連結而成之n價基。
A為碳數1~12之n價脂肪族烴基時,其可為飽和亦可為不飽和,可為直鏈,亦可為分支。具體例列舉為自甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烷、丙烯、丙炔、丁烷、丁烯、丁二烯、丁炔、戊烷、戊烯、戊炔、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、壬烷、癸烷等之飽和或不飽和脂肪族烴去除n個氫而成之n價之基等。較好為碳數1~6之n價脂肪族烴基。更
好為自以CmH2m+2表示之脂肪族烴去除2~4個氫生成之2~4價之脂肪族烴基。其中,m為1~6。
A為碳數3~12之n價脂環式烴基時,其可為飽和亦可為不飽和,亦可為分支。具體例列舉為自環丙烷、環丁烷、環丁烯、環丁二烯、環戊烷、環戊烯、環己烷、甲基環己烷、環庚烷、環辛烷等之飽和或不飽和脂環式烴去除n個氫而成之n價基等。較好為碳數3~8之n價脂肪族烴基。更好為自以CmH2m表示之脂環式烴去除2~4個氫生成之2~4價之脂肪族烴基。其中,m為3~8。
A為碳數6~18之n價芳香族烴基、或碳數3~17之n價芳香族雜環基時,該等基具體例列舉為自由苯、萘、茀、蒽、菲、熒蒽(fluoranthene)、芘、(chrysene)、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、吲哚、喹啉、異喹啉、喹寧環、萘啶、咔唑、吖啶(acridine)、菲繞啉、吩嗪(phenazine)、苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、呫噸(xanthene)、苯并對二噁英(oxanthrene)、吩噁嗪(phenoxazine)、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、噻噸(thioxanthene)、噻蒽(thianthrene)、吩噁噻(phenoxathiin)及吩噻嗪(phenothiazine)選出之芳香族化合物去除n個氫生成之n價之基等。較好為由苯、萘、茀、蒽、菲、熒蒽、芘、、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、吲哚、喹啉、異喹啉、喹寧環、萘啶、咔唑、吖啶、苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、吩噁嗪、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、及吩噻嗪選出之芳香族化合物去除n個氫生成之n價之基。更
好為由苯、吲哚、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、咔唑、苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩、及二苯并噻吩選出之芳香族化合物去除n個氫生成之n價之基。
A為由碳數6~18之芳香族烴環、及碳數3~17之芳香族雜環選出之芳香族環以2~4個連結而成之n價基時,作為上述芳香族烴環及芳香族雜環,有針對A係碳數6~18之n價芳香族烴基、或碳數3~17之n價芳香族雜環基之情況中說明之自芳香族化合物以2~4個連結生成之芳香族化合物去除n個氫所生成之n價基。
至於獲得上述芳香族環之芳香族化合物較好為苯、萘、茀、蒽、菲、熒蒽、芘、、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、吲哚、喹啉、異喹啉、喹寧環、萘啶、咔唑、吖啶、苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、吩噁嗪、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩或吩噻嗪。更好為苯、吲哚、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、咔唑、苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩、或二苯并噻吩。
此處,構成芳香族環以2~4個連結而成之芳香族化合物之芳香族烴環或芳香族雜環可為相同,亦可不同,亦可包含芳香族烴環與芳香族雜環二者。上述芳香族環以2~4個連結而成之芳香族化合物之具體例列舉為自聯苯、三聯苯、聯吡啶、聯三嗪、雙三嗪苯、聯萘、苯基吡啶、二苯基吡啶、二苯基嘧啶、二苯基三嗪、苯基咔唑、二苯基咔唑、二咔唑基苯、吡啶咔唑、苯基苯并呋喃、或苯基二苯并呋喃等去除n個氫生成之n價基,鍵結位置並沒有限制,可為末端之環亦可為中央之環均無妨。
上述芳香族烴環或芳香族雜環可具有與上述n價芳香族烴基、及n價芳香族雜環基相同之取代基。n價芳香族烴基、n價芳香族雜環基、芳香族烴環或芳香族雜環具有取代基時,較佳之取代基列舉為碳數1~12之烷基、碳數3~12之環烷基、碳數1~12之烷氧基、碳數2~13之醯基或碳數12~24之二芳基胺基。較好為碳數1~6之烷基、碳數3~8之環烷基、碳數1~6之烷氧基、碳數2~7之醯基或碳數12~20之二芳基胺基。具有取代基時,取代基之總數為1~10。較好為1~6,更好為1~4。又,上述芳香族烴基或芳香族雜環基或芳香環具有2個以上之取代基時,該等可為相同亦可不同。又,上述芳香族烴基或芳香族雜環基或芳香環之碳數之計算中,具有取代基時,並不包含其取代基之碳數。芳香族烴基、芳香族雜環基或芳香族環為經取代之芳香族烴基、經取代之芳香族雜環基或經取代之芳香族環時,其合計之碳數在經取代之芳香族烴基或經取代之芳香族烴基之情況下較好為6~50,更好為6~30。為經取代之芳香族雜環基或經取代之芳香族環時,其合計之碳數較好為3~50,更好為4~30。
此處,由芳香環以2~4個連結而成之芳香族化合物生成之n價基為2價基時,為例如以下述式表示。
(Ar1~Ar4表示芳香族環)。
A為>N-R、>Si-(R)2、或>Ge-(R)2時,R各獨立表示碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之環烷基、碳數6~18之芳香族烴基、或碳數3~17之芳香族雜環基,較好為碳數1~12之烷基、碳數1~12之環烷基、碳數6~12之芳香族烴基、或碳數3~12之芳香族雜環基。
碳數1~20之烷基、環烷基之具體例列舉為甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、環己基、甲基環己基等,可為直鏈,亦可為分支均無妨。較好為甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、環己基。
碳數6~18之芳香族烴基、碳數3~17之芳香族雜環基之具體例列舉為自苯、萘、茀、蒽、菲、熒蒽、芘、、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、吲哚、喹啉、異喹啉、喹寧環、萘啶、咔唑、吖啶、菲繞啉、吩嗪、苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、呫噸、苯并二噁英、吩噁嗪、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、噻噸、噻蒽、吩噁噻、吩噻嗪等去除氫生成之基等。較好為自苯、萘、茀、蒽、菲、熒蒽、芘、、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、吲哚、喹啉、異喹啉、喹寧環、萘啶、咔唑、吖啶、苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、吩噁嗪、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吩噻嗪等去除氫生成之基。更好為自苯、萘、蒽、菲、吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、喹啉去除氫生成之基。
通式(1)中,R’各獨立表示氫、碳數1~12之烷基、或碳數1~12之烷氧基,較好為氫、碳數1~6之烷基、或
碳數1~6之烷氧基。烷基或烷氧基之具體例列舉為甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基等,烷基鏈可為直鏈,亦可為分支均無妨。較好為甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基。
通式(1)中,E表示氧或硫。n表示2~4之整數,較好為2或3。
以通式(1)表示之骨架中,E為以O表示之骨架可參考WO2009-145016號公報所示之合成例,以下述反應式合成。
又,E為以S表示之骨架可藉由以下反應式合成。
以前述反應式所得之各種化合物之碘可例如利用鈴木偶合等之偶合反應,藉由置換成對應之連結基,而合成以通式(1)表示之化合物。
以通式(1)表示之化合物之具體例示於下,但並不限於該等例示之化合物。
以上述通式(1)表示之咔唑化合物藉由含有於在基板上層合陽極、複數層之有機層及陰極而成之有機EL元件之至少一層之有機層中,而獲得優異之有機電致發光元件。至於含有之有機層適用發光層、電洞輸送層、電子輸送層或電洞阻止層。更好,較好作為含有磷光發光摻雜物之發光層之主體材料而含有。
以下,針對本發明之有機EL元件加以說明。
本發明之有機EL元件係在層合於基板上之陽極與陰極之間具有至少一層具有發光層之有機層,且至少一層有
機層含上述之咔唑化合物。有利地是,於發光層中含有磷光發光摻合物與以通式(1)表示之咔唑化合物。
接著,針對本發明之有機EL元件之構造,邊參照圖式邊加以說明,但本發明之有機EL元件之構造並不限於任一圖示者。
圖1為顯示一般之有機EL元件之構造例之剖面圖,分別係1表示基板,2表示陽極,3表示電洞注入層,4表示電洞輸送層,5表示發光層,6表示電子輸送層,7表示陰極。本發明之有機EL元件亦可具有與發光層鄰接之激子阻止層,且,發光層與電洞注入層之間亦可具有電子阻止層。激子阻止層可插入於發光層之陽極側、陰極側之任一側,亦可同時插入於二者。本發明之有機EL元件具有基板、陽極、發光層及陰極作為必要之層,但必要之層以外之層較好具有電洞注入輸送層、電子注入輸送層,另外發光層與電子注入輸送層之間較好具有電洞阻止層。又,電洞注入輸送層意指電洞注入層與電洞輸送層之任一者或二者,電子注入輸送層意指電子注入層與電子輸送層之任一者或二者。
又,與圖1相反之構造,亦即於基板1上以陰極7、電子輸送層6、發光層5、電洞輸送層4、陽極2之順序層合,該情況下,亦可視需要追加層,亦可省略層。
本發明之有機EL元件較好由基板支撐。該基板並無
特別限制,只要是自過去以來之有機EL元件中慣用者即可,例如可使用由玻璃、透明塑膠、石英等所成者。
作為有機EL元件中之陽極,較好使用以功函數大(4eV以上)之金屬、合金、導電性化合物及該等之混合物作為電極物質者。該等電極物質之具體例列舉為Au等金屬、CuI、銦錫氧化物(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等導電性透明材料。又,亦可使用可以IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等非晶質製作透明導電膜之材料。陽極係藉由蒸鍍或濺鍍等方法使該等電極物質形成薄膜,且以光微影法形成期望形狀之圖型,或者在不需要圖型精度之情況下(100μm以上之程度),亦可在上述電極物質之蒸鍍或濺鍍時透過期望形狀之遮罩形成圖型。或者,使用如有機導電性化合物之可塗佈之物質時,亦可使用印刷方式、塗覆方式等濕式成膜法。自該陽極取出發光時,較好透射率大於10%,又作為陽極之薄片電阻較好為數百Ω/□以下。另外膜厚係視材料而定,但通常在10~1000nm,較好在10~200nm之範圍內選擇。
另一方面,作為陰極,係使用以功函數小(4eV以下)之金屬(稱為電子注入性金屬)、合金、導電性化合物及該等之混合物作為電極物質而成者。該等電極物質之
具體例列舉為鈉、鈉-鉀合金、鎂、鋰、鎂/銅混合物、鎂/銀混合物、鎂/鋁混合物、鎂/銦混合物、鋁/氧化鋁(Al2O3)混合物、銦、鋰/鋁混合物、稀土類金屬等。該等中,就電子注入性及對於氧化等之耐久性之觀點而言,較好為電子注入性金屬與功函數值比其大之安定金屬的第二金屬之混合物,例如鎂/銀混合物、鎂/鋁混合物、鎂/銦混合物、鋁/氧化鋁(Al2O3)混合物、鋰/鋁混合物、鋁等較佳。陰極可藉由以蒸鍍或濺鍍等方法使該等電極物質形成薄膜而製作。又,作為陰極之薄片電阻較好為數百Ω/□以下,膜厚通常在10nm~5μm,較好在50~200nm之範圍內選擇。又,為使發光之光透過,有機EL元件之陽極或陰極之任一方若為透明或半透明則可提高發光亮度而較佳。
又,於陰極上以1~20nm之膜厚製作上述金屬後,藉由於其上製作陽極之說明中列舉之導電性透明材料,可製作透明或半透明之陰極,藉由利用其,可製作陽極與陰極二者均具有透射性之元件。
發光層為磷光發光層,包含磷光發光摻雜物與主體材料。至於磷光發光摻雜物材料較好為含有包含由釕、銠、鈀、銀、錸、鋨、銥、鉑及金選出之至少一種金屬之有機金屬錯合物者。具體而言列舉為以下專利公報中所記載之化合物,但並不限於該等化合物。以下列出專利公報等之
編號。
WO2009-073425號公報、WO2009-046266號公報、WO2007-095118號公報、WO2008-156879號公報、WO2008-140657號公報、US2008-261076號公報、特表2008-542203號公報、WO2008-054584號公報、特表2008-505925號公報、特表2007-522126號公報、特表2004-506305號公報、特表2006-513278號公報、特表2006-50596號公報、WO2006-046980號公報、WO2005113704號公報、US2005-260449號公報、US2005-2260448號公報、US2005-214576號公報、WO2005-076380號公報、US2005-119485號公報、WO2004-045001號公報、WO2004-045000號公報、WO2006-100888號公報、WO2007-004380號公報、WO2007-023659號公報、WO2008-035664號公報、特開2003-272861號公報、特開2004-111193號公報、特開2004-319438號公報、特開2007-2080號公報、特開2007-9009號公報、特開2007-227948號公報、特開2008-91906號公報、特開2008-311607號公報、特開2009-19121號公報、特開2009-46601號公報、特開2009-114369號公報、特開2003-253128號公報、特開2003-253129號公報、特開2003-253145號公報、特開2005-38847號公報、特開2005-82598號公報、特開2005-139185號公報、特開2005-187473號公報、特開2005-220136號公報、特開2006-63080號公報、特開2006-104201號公報、特開2006-
111623號公報、特開2006-213720號公報、特開2006-290891號公報、特開2006-298899號公報、特開2006-298900號公報、WO2007-018067號公報、WO2007/058080號公報、WO2007-058104號公報、特開2006-131561號公報、特開2008-239565號公報、特開2008-266163號公報、特開2009-57367號公報、特開2002-117978號公報、特開2003-123982號公報、特開2003-133074號公報、特開2006-93542號公報、特開2006-131524號公報、特開2006-261623號公報、特開2006-303383號公報、特開2006-303394號公報、特開2006-310479號公報、特開2007-88105號公報、特開2007-258550號公報、特開2007-324309號公報、特開2008-270737號公報、特開2009-96800號公報、特開2009-161524號公報、WO2008-050733號公報、特開2003-73387號公報、特開2004-59433號公報、特開2004-155709號公報、特開2006-104132號公報、特開2008-37848號公報、特開2008-133212號公報、特開2009-57304號公報、特開2009-286716號公報、特開2010-83852號公報、特表2009-532546號公報、特表2009-536681號公報、特表2009-542026號公報等。
較佳之磷光發光摻雜物列舉為具有Ir等貴金屬元素作為中心金屬之Ir(ppy)3等錯合物類、Ir(bt)2.acac3等之錯合物類、PtOEt3等之錯合物類。該等錯合物類之具體例示於下,但並不限於下述之化合物。
前述磷光發光摻雜物於發光層中之含量較好為0.1~50重量%,更好為1~30重量%之範圍。
發光層中之主體材料較好使用以前述通式(1)表示之咔唑化合物。然而,於發光層以外之其他任一有機層中使用該咔唑化合物時,發光層中使用之材料亦可為咔唑化合物以外之其他主體材料。且,亦可併用咔唑化合物與其他主體材料。另外,亦可併用複數種類之習知主體材料。
可使用之習知主體化合物較好為具有電洞輸送能、電子輸送能,且防止發光之長波長化,而且具有高的玻璃轉移溫度之化合物。
該等其他主體材料由於已自多數之專利文獻中已知,故可選自該等。主體材料之具體例並無特別限制,列舉為吲哚衍生物、咔唑衍生物、吲哚并咔唑衍生物、三唑衍生物、噁唑衍生物、噁二唑衍生物、咪唑衍生物、聚芳基烷
衍生物、吡唑啉衍生物、吡唑酮衍生物、苯二胺衍生物、芳基胺衍生物、胺基取代之查耳酮(chalcone)衍生物、苯乙烯基蒽衍生物、茀酮(fluorenones)衍生物、腙衍生物、芪(Stilbenes)衍生物、矽氮烷衍生物、芳香族三級胺化合物、苯乙烯胺化合物、芳香族二亞甲基(dimethylidene)系化合物、卟啉(porphyrin)系化合物、蒽醌二甲烷衍生物、蒽酮(anthrone)衍生物、二苯基醌衍生物、硫吡喃二氧化物衍生物、萘苝等之雜環四羧酸酐、酞菁衍生物、8-羥基喹啉衍生物之金屬錯合物,或金屬酞菁、苯并噁唑或苯并噻唑衍生物之金屬錯合物為代表之各種金屬錯合物,聚矽烷系化合物、聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)衍生物、苯胺系共聚物、噻吩寡聚物、聚噻吩衍生物、聚伸苯基衍生物、聚伸苯基伸乙烯衍生物、聚茀衍生物等之高分子化合物等。
所謂注入層係用以降低驅動電壓或提高發光亮度之設在電極與有機層之間之層,有電洞注入層與電子注入層,亦可存在於陽極與發光層或電洞輸送層之間,及陰極與發光層或電子輸送層之間。注入層可視需要設置。
所謂電洞阻止層廣義而言為具有電子輸送層之功能,且可由一方面具有輸送電子之功能,一方面輸送電洞之能
力顯著較小之電洞阻止材料所組成,且一方面可輸送電子一方面藉由阻止電洞而提高電子與電洞之再結合概率。
電洞阻止層較好使用以通式(1)表示之咔唑化合物,但其他任何有機層中使用咔唑化合物時,亦可使用習知之電洞阻止層材料。且,電洞阻止層材料可視需要使用後述之電子輸送層之材料。
所謂電子阻止層係由一方面具有輸送電洞之功能,一方面輸送電子之能力顯著較小之材料所組成,且可藉由一方面輸送電洞一方面阻止電子而提高電子與電洞再結合之概率。
至於電子阻止層之材料可視需要使用後述之電洞輸送層之材料。電子阻止層之膜厚較好為3~100nm,更好為5~30nm。
所謂激子阻止層係用以阻止藉由發光層內之電洞與電子之再結合而產生之激子擴散至電荷輸送層之層,藉由插入該層可使激子有效率地閉鎖在發光層內,可提高激子之發光效率。激子阻止層可插入於與發光層鄰接之陽極側、陰極側之任一側,亦可同時插入於二者中。
激子阻止層之材料列舉為例如1,3-二咔唑基苯(mCP)、或雙(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉基)-4-苯基酚酸鋁
(III)(BAlq)。
所謂電洞輸送層係由具有輸送電洞之功能之電洞輸送材料所組成,且電洞輸送層可設置單層或複數層。
至於電洞輸送材料為具有電洞之注入或輸送、電子之障蔽性之任一種者,可為有機物、無機物之任一種。電洞輸送層較好使用以通式(1)表示之咔唑化合物,但可由過去習知之化合中選擇使用任意者。可使用之習知之電洞輸送材料列舉為三唑衍生物、噁二唑衍生物、咪唑衍生物、聚芳基烷衍生物、吡唑啉衍生物及吡唑酮衍生物、苯二胺衍生物、芳基胺衍生物、胺基取代之查耳酮衍生物、噁唑衍生物、苯乙烯基蒽衍生物、茀酮衍生物、腙衍生物、芪衍生物、矽氮烷衍生物、苯胺系共聚物、或導電性高分子寡聚物,尤其是噻吩寡聚物等,但較好使用三唑衍生物、噁二唑衍生物、咪唑衍生物、芳基胺衍生物,更好使用芳基胺衍生物。
所謂電子輸送層可由具有輸送電子之功能之材料所組成,且電子輸送層可設置單層或複數層。
電子輸送材料(亦有兼具電洞阻止材料之情況)只要是具有將自陰極注入之電子傳達到發光層之功能即可。電子輸送層較好使用本發明之以通式(1)表示之咔唑化合
物,但亦可由過去習知之化合物中選擇使用任意者,列舉為例如硝基取代之茀衍生物、二苯基醌衍生物、硫吡喃二氧化物衍生物、碳二醯亞胺、亞茀基甲烷衍生物、蒽醌二甲烷及蒽酮衍生物、噁二唑衍生物等。另外,上述噁二唑衍生物中,亦可使用將噁二唑環之氧原子置換成硫原子之噻二唑衍生物、已知作為吸電子基之具有喹寧環之喹寧環衍生物作為電子輸送材料。另外於高分子鏈中導入該等材料,或亦可使用以該等材料作為高分子之主鏈之高分子材料。
以下以實施例更詳細說明本發明,但本發明當然不受限於該等實施例,只要不超越其要旨,則可以各種形態實施。
依據以下所示之路徑合成作為磷光發光元件用材料之咔唑化合物。又,化合物編號係對應於上述例示之化合物附加之編號。
在氮氣環境下添加2-甲氧基苯基硼酸18.84g(0.124mol)、1-溴-2,6-二氟苯24.00g(0.124mol)、肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)7.72g(0.00496mol)、甲苯600ml、乙醇100ml,邊在室溫攪拌,邊添加2M氫氧化鈉水溶液200ml。在90℃攪拌5小時後,冷卻至室溫,以蒸餾水(300ml×3)洗淨有機層。有機層以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後,過濾硫酸鎂,且減壓餾除溶劑。所得殘留物以矽膠管柱層析純化,獲得白色固體之中間體(A1)10.01g(0.0455mol,收率38%)。
在氮氣環境下,添加中間體(A1)10.00g(0.0454mol)、二氯甲烷100ml,邊在0℃攪拌邊添加三溴化硼之二氯甲烷溶液20ml。在室溫攪拌6小時後,添加水。有機層以蒸餾水(30ml×3)洗淨。有機層以無水硫
酸鎂乾燥後,過濾硫酸鎂,且減壓餾除溶劑。所得殘留物以矽膠管柱層析純化,獲得白色液體之中間體(A2)8.62g(0.0418mol,收率92%)。
在氮氣環境下添加中間體(A2)8.62g(0.0418mol)、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮230ml,邊在室溫攪拌邊添加碳酸鉀11.56g(0.0836mol)。在180℃攪拌3小時後,冷卻至室溫,並過濾碳酸鉀。將蒸餾水900ml添加於濾液中,在室溫攪拌後,過濾析出之固體。使所得固體溶解於二氯甲烷中,有機層以蒸餾水(30ml×3)洗淨。有機層以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後,過濾硫酸鎂,且減壓餾除溶劑。所得殘留物以矽膠管柱層析純化,獲得白色固體之中間體(A3)7.02g(0.0377mol,收率90%)。
在氮氣環境下添加咔唑35g(0.209mol)、乙酸300ml,邊在室溫攪拌邊添加碘化鉀24.24g(0.146mol)、碘酸鉀31.24g(0.146mol)。在80℃攪拌2小時後,冷卻至室溫。添加亞硫酸氫鈉水溶液300ml、四氫呋喃300ml,且在室溫攪拌。添加甲苯300ml,有機層以蒸餾水(200ml×2)洗淨。有機層以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後,過濾硫酸鎂,且減壓餾除溶劑。所得殘留物以再結晶純化,獲得白色固體之中間體(A4)20.75g(0.0708mol)。
在氮氣環境下添加氫化鈉3.03g(0.0752mol)、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)20ml,邊在室溫攪拌,邊添加溶解有中間體(A4)20.00g(0.682mol)之DNF溶液20ml。在室溫攪拌30分鐘,添加溶解有中間體(A3)7.00g(0.0376mol)之DNF溶液20ml。在120℃攪拌7小時後,冷卻至室溫。添加蒸餾水300ml且在室溫攪拌。過濾析出之固體。所得固體溶解於四氫呋喃中,添加蒸餾水
200ml。以甲苯(100ml×3)萃取後,有機層以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後,過濾硫酸鎂,且減壓餾除容劑。所得殘留物以矽膠管柱層析純化,獲得白色固體中間體(A5)16.74g(0.0364mol,收率97%)。
在氮氣環境下添加氯化鎳(II)6水合物4.16g(0.0152mol)、三苯膦16.34g(0.0623mol)、二甲基甲醯胺50ml,並經脫氣。添加鋅1.29g(0.0198mol),在60℃攪拌20分鐘。添加溶解有中間體(A5)5.84g(0.0127mol)之二甲基甲醯胺溶液50ml,且在90℃攪拌4小時。反應溶液冷卻至室溫,注入水300ml中且在室溫攪拌2小時。過濾析出物,溶解於四氫呋喃中,且添加水150ml。以甲苯50ml×3萃取,有機層以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後,過濾硫酸鎂,且減壓餾除溶劑。所得殘留物以矽膠管柱層析、再結晶純化,獲得白色固體之化合物(1)0.17g(0.000256mol,收率2%)。
APCI-TOFMS,m/z 665[M+1],1H-NMR測定結果(測定溶劑:THF-d8)示於圖2。
在氮氣環境下,添加(A5)18.00g(0.0392mol)、聯硼酸頻那醇酯(Bispinacolatodiboron)11.94g(0.0470mol)、乙酸鉀11.54g(0.1176mol)、二甲基亞碸(DMSO)200ml,在60℃攪拌30分鐘。隨後添加1,1’-雙(二苯基膦醯基)二茂鐵-二氯鈀(II)-二氯甲烷錯合物0.96g(0.00118mol),在80℃攪拌6小時後,冷卻至室溫。將冷卻之反應溶液注入於水中,在室溫攪拌6小時後,過濾所析出之固體。所得固體以矽膠管柱層析純化,獲得白色固體中間體(A7)9.99g(0.0217mol,收率55%)。
在氮氣環境下,添加(A7)9.50g(0.0207mol)、
1,3-二碘苯3.10g(0.0094mol)、肆(三苯膦)鈀0.58g(0.000376mol)、甲苯300ml、乙醇50ml,邊在室溫攪拌,邊添加2M之氫氧化鈉水溶液15ml後,在70℃攪拌9小時。使反應溶液冷卻至室溫,以蒸餾水(100ml×3)洗淨有機層。有機層以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後,過濾硫酸鎂,且減壓餾除溶劑。所得殘留物以矽膠管柱層析、再結晶純化,獲得白色固體之化合物(40)2.08g(0.00281mol,收率30%)。
APCI-TOFMS,m/z 741[M+1],1H-NMR測定結果(測定溶劑:THF-d8)示於圖3。
於形成有由膜厚110nm之ITO基板所成之陽極之玻璃基板上,利用真空蒸鍍法,以真空度4.0×10-5Pa層合各薄膜。首先,以20nm之厚度於ITO上形成CuPc。接著,以20nm之厚度形成作為電洞輸送層之NPB。接著,自不同蒸鍍源,將作為主體材料之化合物(1)與作為摻雜物之Ir(ppy)3共蒸鍍於電洞輸送層上,形成30nm厚度之發光層。此時,Ir(ppy)3之濃度為10wt%。接著,形成厚度40nm之作為電子輸送層之Alq3。接著,於電子輸送層上形成厚度1nm之作為電子注入層之氟化鋰(LiF)。最後,於電子注入層上形成厚度70nm之作為電極之鋁(Al),製作有機EL元件。
將外部電源連接於所得有機EL元件且施加直流電
壓,確認具有如表1所示之發光特性。表1中,亮度、電壓及發光效率為顯示以20mA/cm2驅動時之值。元件發光光譜之極大波長為540nm,可知獲得來自Ir(ppy)3之發光。
除與實施例1同樣合成化合物8、11、17、18、20及31,且使用化合物8、11、17、18、20、31或40代替化合物1作為實施例3之發光層之主體材料以外,餘與實施例3同樣製作有機EL元件。各元件發光光譜之極大波長為540nm,可知獲得來自Ir(ppy)3之發光。
除使用CBP或化合物H-1作為實施例3中之發光層之主體材料以外,餘與實施例3同樣製備有機EL元件。元件發光光譜之極大波長為535nm(例12)或530nm(例13),鑑定出獲得來自Ir(ppy)3之發光。
實施例3相對於實施例12及13(比較)之初期特性獲得提高。據此可知藉由於有機EL元件中使用於二苯并噻吩或二苯并呋喃之1位上具有咔唑且咔唑之2位~7位之位置具有特定取代基之化合物,可改善有機EL元件之特性。同樣地實施例4~11之EL元件特性良好,此處亦顯示以通式(1)表示之咔唑化合物之優異性。
本發明之有機電致發光元件中使用之以通式(1)表示之咔唑化合物藉由於二苯并噻吩或二苯并呋喃之1位上以咔唑之N位鍵結之骨架,以咔唑之3位連結2~4個,藉此認為可控制電洞、電子移動度之微調整、以及離子化電位(IP)、電子親和力(EA)、三重態能量(T1)之各種
能量值。且,該咔唑化合物認為可提高氧化、還原、激發之各活性狀態下之安定性,同時具有良好之非晶型特性。基於上述,可延長驅動壽命,可實現耐久性高之有機EL元件。
本發明之有機EL元件在發光特性、驅動壽命及耐久性方面,處於實用上可滿足之水準,於作為可撓性面板顯示器(行動電話顯示元件、車用顯示元件、OA電腦顯示元件或電視等)、產生作為面發光體特徵之光源(照明、影印機之光源、液晶顯示器或計時類之背光光源)、顯示板或標示燈等之應用中,為具有大的技術價值者。
1‧‧‧基板
2‧‧‧陽極
3‧‧‧電洞注入層
4‧‧‧電洞輸送層
5‧‧‧發光層
6‧‧‧電子輸送層
7‧‧‧陰極
圖1表示有機EL元件之一構造例之剖面圖。
圖2表示咔唑化合物(1)之1H-NMR圖譜。
圖3表示咔唑化合物(40)之1H-NMR圖譜。
1‧‧‧基板
2‧‧‧陽極
3‧‧‧電洞注入層
4‧‧‧電洞輸送層
5‧‧‧發光層
6‧‧‧電子輸送層
7‧‧‧陰極
Claims (4)
- 一種有機電致發光元件,其特徵為於基板上層合陽極、有機層與陰極所成之有機電致發光元件,且由發光層、電洞輸送層、電子輸送層、及電洞阻止層所組成群組選出之至少一層中含有以通式(1)表示之咔唑化合物,
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之有機電致發光元件,其中通式(1)中,A為直接鍵、碳數1~6之n價脂肪族烴基、碳數3~8之n價脂環式烴基、碳數6~18之n價芳香族烴基、碳數3~17之n價芳香族雜環基、或由碳數6~18之芳香族烴環及碳數3~17之芳香族雜環選出之芳香族環以2~4個連結而成之n價基之任一者。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之有機電致發光元件,其中A為直接鍵、n價之芳香族烴基、n價之芳香族雜環基、或連結2~4個芳香族環而成之n價基之任一者,n為2或3。
- 如申請專利範圍第1~3項中任一項之有機電致發光元件,其中含有以通式(1)表示之咔唑化合物之層為含有磷光發光摻雜物之發光層。
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- 2012-08-06 JP JP2013533574A patent/JP5972884B2/ja active Active
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- 2012-08-06 US US14/239,874 patent/US9142785B2/en active Active
- 2012-08-06 CN CN201280044173.2A patent/CN103907217B/zh active Active
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US9142785B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 |
KR101992874B1 (ko) | 2019-06-26 |
JPWO2013038843A1 (ja) | 2015-03-26 |
EP2757608A4 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
EP2757608B1 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
JP5972884B2 (ja) | 2016-08-17 |
EP2757608A1 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
US20140203269A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
CN103907217B (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
TWI559592B (zh) | 2016-11-21 |
WO2013038843A1 (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
KR20140074936A (ko) | 2014-06-18 |
CN103907217A (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
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