TW200914077A - Methods and systems for modulating medicants using acoustic energy - Google Patents

Methods and systems for modulating medicants using acoustic energy Download PDF

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TW200914077A
TW200914077A TW097116818A TW97116818A TW200914077A TW 200914077 A TW200914077 A TW 200914077A TW 097116818 A TW097116818 A TW 097116818A TW 97116818 A TW97116818 A TW 97116818A TW 200914077 A TW200914077 A TW 200914077A
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energy
tissue
cell membrane
agent
interest
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TW097116818A
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TWI526233B (zh
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Inder Raj S Makin
Michael H Slayton
Peter G Barthe
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Guided Therapy Systems Llc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0092Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic vibrations, e.g. phonophoresis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00Ultrasound therapy
    • A61N7/02Localised ultrasound hyperthermia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A61B90/37Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
    • A61B2090/378Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation using ultrasound
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/42Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient
    • A61B8/4272Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient involving the acoustic interface between the transducer and the tissue
    • A61B8/4281Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient involving the acoustic interface between the transducer and the tissue characterised by sound-transmitting media or devices for coupling the transducer to the tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M2037/0007Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin having means for enhancing the permeation of substances through the epidermis, e.g. using suction or depression, electric or magnetic fields, sound waves or chemical agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/33Controlling, regulating or measuring
    • A61M2205/3375Acoustical, e.g. ultrasonic, measuring means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00Ultrasound therapy
    • A61N2007/0004Applications of ultrasound therapy
    • A61N2007/0008Destruction of fat cells
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00Ultrasound therapy
    • A61N2007/0043Ultrasound therapy intra-cavitary
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00Ultrasound therapy
    • A61N2007/0056Beam shaping elements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00Ultrasound therapy

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)

Description

200914077 九、發明說明: 【相關申請案】 本申請案主張2007年5月7日申請之美國臨時專 利申請案第60/916,509號之優先權’其名稱為「超音 波處理以強化藥劑之方法及系統(METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ULTRASOUND TREATMENT TO ENHANCE MEDICANTS)」,其整體結合於此作為參 考。 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係傳送如超音波的能量以強化藥劑輸送之 方法及系統的應用。特別的是,本發明調製組織及細 胞膜中的藥物,其乃透過聲波能量至藥物中所施給的 組織。 【先前技術】 新皮膚包含至少四層不同的組織:非活化表皮(即角 質^)、活化表皮、真皮、以及皮下結締組織與脂肪。 系統位於真皮以及真皮下之組織。因為皮膚一般 不止大刀子傳輸至真皮以及真皮下之組織,因此通常 需要針頭來操縱大分子藥劑。 超音波已長久用於診斷顯像應用。然而,近來已 X現4多超音波的新治療應用。在這些超音波應用 200914077 中,強化皮膚滲透藥劑輸送及/或效能已受到相當的關 注。然而,現今超音波強化藥劑輸送及/或效能努力之 較佳部份集中在頻率低於200kHz的超音波,且習知 系統已將超音波導於組織的單層。 【發明内容】 本發明對於習知技術的改良在於,藉由提供獨特 地透過使用能量(例如聲波能量)而能強化藥劑輸送及/ 或效能之方法及系統。例示實施例可預期地破壞 (disrupt)膜且機械地與熱地調整細胞與組織。於例示實 施例中’揭露於此之方法及系統能調整組織的多層(例 如細胞膜與組織内之複數個深度)。 揭露於此之方法及系統考量傳輸經聚焦、未聚 焦、及/或失焦之超音波能量至關注區域,以約100kHz 至500MHz範圍之各種時空能量設定。於例示實施例 中’此能量為聲波能量(例如超音波)。於其他例示實 施例中,此能量為光子基能量(例如IPL·、LED、雷射、 白光等)’或其他能量形式,例如射頻電流,或聲波能 量、電磁能、以及其他能量形式或能量吸收器(例如冷 卻器)之各種組合。 首先藥劑可藉由一些方式如擴散、循環、及/或注 射導入關注區域。於其他實施例,揭露於此之方法及 200914077
系統用以與自然發生於或已存在於體 作用,其形式例如為凝聚、作用、以 =注區域。顯像及/或監測可着_合至本發明所考 里之超音波系統,及/或與其共同容置。 控⑽統及顯示系統亦可包含各種組態以控制探 f與糸統的功能性,在眾多事物中包含如具有軟體之 微處理器以及複數個輸入/輸出裝4、控制轉換器之電 子及/或機械掃描及/❹工m電轉輸系統、監 測系統、感測探針及/或轉換器空間位置之系統、以^ 處理使用者輸入及紀錄處理結果之系統。 根據一例示實施例,利用包含膠體、膏 匕合物至少其中之一的輕合劑,將二 口主病人的身體。於一例示實施例,耦合劑含有藥劑, 且於自探針發射能量期間將藥劑輸送至病人的身^。 【實施方式】 本發明於此可以各種功能性組件以及處理步驟形 200914077 1H。μ了解這些組件以及步驟可藉由用以實施特 Γ二任何數量的硬體元件實現。舉例而言,本發 =了利用各種t藥處理裝置、視覺㈣與顯示裝置、
二:C者’其可在一或多個控制系統或其他 置的控制之下實行多種功能。此外,本發明可 實施!ΓΓ何數量的醫藥背景,且於此所描述關於利用 聲波犯量強化藥劑輸送及/或效能之例示實施例,僅作 為本♦月例示性應用的說明。舉例而言,所討論之原 理、特徵、以及方法,可應用於任何醫藥應用。再者, 本發明各種方面可適當地應用於其他的應用。 所揭露的是調整細胞與組織以強化藥劑輸送及/ 或效能之例示方法,其包含傳輸能量至組織之一或多 層中之關注區域(R〇i)。於一例示實施例,此能量為聲 波能罝(例如超音波’於約l〇〇kHz至約5〇〇MHz之範 圍,較佳於約200kHz至20MHz之範圍)。於其他例示 實施例中’此能量為光子基能量(例如IPL、LED、雷 射、白光等)’或其他能量形式,例如射頻電流,或聲 波能量、電磁能、以及其他能量形式或能量吸收器(例 如冷卻器)之各種組合。 調整細胞與組織之例示方法於關注區域產生許多 可預期的機械與熱生理效應。舉例而言,例示方法就 對準及聚焦能量於細胞膜或組織或複數個細胞膜與組 200914077 了:’以及於各種時空能量設定’其精確性 °舉例而言’因為細胞為微米等 二5胳:膜的厚度為奈米等級,將個別細胞或膜當 成才示的將4非常高或極度高的解,因此於例示實 2:1複二疋有用的。於一例示實施例,提供超音波: 一 土 3射頻(電磁)處理於人工或工程的組織,例 如人工皮膚或n官’或幹細麟生之組織。 提供超音波至細胞膜或組織可於多方面強化藥物 =輸送以及/或越。例如,可調整細胞膜之滲透性及 :、透月ϋ舉例而言,於—些實施例中,增加了細胞 =滲透性及/或透明性。加熱可造絲物透過皮膚組 2 =之Μ擴散。空化(eavitatiGn)純射力涉及氣 =持續的振m運動(亦稱穩定的空化),以及/或氣泡之 ^ 3㈣潰(_慣性(inertial)空化)。所致的流體 田度、剪力、以及震波可破壞細胞膜或組織,並引致 °,媒介的化學變化。氣泡㈣潰可祕地增加氣泡 ^咖度,並引致媒介的化學變化(例如產生高反應物 处例如自由基)。上述各效應可影響藥物的輸送及效 ,,外,其他影響藥物輸送之方式包括溶化載有熱 、感藥劑之脂質體Giposomes),類似於局部輸送。 舉例而言,當氣泡崩潰破壞角質層產生震波而強 化皮膚的芩透性時,強化了藥物的輪送。類似地,當 -10- 200914077 震波瞬間地(transiently)損及細胞膜或組織的完整性 時,或當局部自由基濃度強化藥劑毒性時,強化了藥 物效能。再者,某些藥劑利用能量致能及/或釋出。關 於此點,囊封於載體之藥劑可利用能量(例如超音波能 量)於關注區域釋出。以範例而言,美國專利第 6,623,430號’名稱為「利用顯像、治療、溫度監控超 音波系統安全地輸送藥劑至組織區域之方法與裝置 (Method and Apparatus for Safely Delivring Medicants to a Region of Tissue Using Imaging, Therapy and Temperatire Monitoring Ultrasonic System)」,以及 同審查中之美國專利申請案第〇8/943,728號,名稱為 「利用超音波安全地輸送藥劑至組織區域之方法與裝 置(Method and Apparatus for Safely Delivring
Medicants to a Region of Tissue Using Ultrasonic)」,兩 者皆結合於此作為參考。 於5午多實施例中,關注區域位於以下其中之一 内:非活化表皮(即角質層)、活化表皮 '真皮、皮下 結締組織與脂肪、以及肌肉。深度可於約〇mm至約 60mm、8〇mm、或100mm或更深的範圍。根據一例示 只施例’關注區域位於角質層下約2〇mm至約3〇mm。 再者,雖僅以一個關注區域描述,但可處理複數個關 注區域,且於一些實施例中為同時地處理。舉例而言, 關注區域可由一或多個器官或組織組成,或不論是身 200914077 體表面或深至身體内之組織的組合。 本方法及系統獨特地能破揀 (例如同㈣細顧或_之複數 = ί 膚層之一個聲波能量頻率,當氣泡二可: 生震波以破壞角質層,因而強化皮膚的滲透性。 同皮膚層之;f同聲錢量解可簡單地提供熱,以 過皮膚組織層造成較佳的_擴散。而於不 之不同聲波能量辭可損及細胞贼輯之完整二: 或產生局部自由基以強化或降低藥劑的毒性。於 示實施例,聲波能量以三維設置錄各種深度, 擇性地增加組織滲透性,因而操控或導引藥劑透過电 織到關注區域。 '' 舉例而s,參考圖1A,一例示實施例提供強化藥 劑輸送及/或效能之方法100,其包含以下步驟:提供 聲波能量源102;呈現藥劑至細胞膜或組織1〇4 :以及 聚焦來自聲波能量源之聲波能量至細胞膜或組織内之 複數個深度106,其中聲波能量於約100kHz至約 500MHz之範圍’其中複數個深度各於約〇mm至約 100mm之範圍,其中藥劑之輸送及/或效能因而被強化 108。 200914077 又於另一例示實施例提供輸送藥劑至細胞膜或組 織内之關注區域之方法,其包含以下步驟:提供聲波 能量源;呈現藥劑至細胞膜或組織;聚焦來自聲波能 量源之聲波能量至細胞膜或組織内之第一深度,其中 聲波能量具有第一時空能量輪廓;以及聚焦來自聲波 能量源之聲波能量至細胞膜或組織内之第二深度,其 中聲波能量具有第二時空能量輪廓;且其中藥劑被輸 送至關注區域。 首先藥劑可口服地導入關注區域,或藉由施於皮 膚時藉由擴散,循環後進入循環系統,直接注射,此 為一些舉例說明。亦即,導入可與循環系統發生直接 或非直接的接觸。例如於一些例示實施例中,於此揭 露之方法及系統影響身體内自然發生或既存的化學物 (例如細胞、胺基酸、蛋白質、抗體、礦物質、維生素 等)之如濃度、功能、以及細胞分裂特性。於一例示實 施例,揭露於此之方法及系統「刺激(spur)」或催化細 胞程序,例如細胞生長。 根據例示實施例,利用包含膠體、膏霜、液體、 乳膠或其他化合物至少其中之一的耦合劑,將探針耦 合至病人的身體。於一例示實施例,耦合劑含有藥劑, 且於自探針發射能量期間將藥劑輸送至病人的身體。 -13 200914077 根據例示實施例之一方面,藥劑亦用以耦合探針 至身體。因此藥劑具有多重用途。首先,藥劑用以搞 合探針至皮膚。其次,由於藥劑含有藥物與其他醫藥, 當自探針施加能量時(例如經由皮内給藥程序 (sonophoresis))其亦輸送至皮膚。 於一例示實施例,利用於藥劑中之藥物與醫藥作 為皮膚治療。因此,當施加非燒蝕級能量治療病人時, f' 1 治療藥物亦施予病人以治療皮膚的異常。 提供調整細胞及組織以強化藥劑輸送及/或效能 之例示系統14,並描繪於圖1B。例示系統14包含顯 示器或指示器22、控制系統20、以及探針18。 顯示系統可為傳遞關於系統14或關注區域12之 各種影像之影像或資訊給使用者之任何類型的系統。 i) 因此,於各種例示實施例中,顯示系統22可為電腦監 視器、電視螢幕,或可為簡單的指示系統類型,例如 液晶顯示器、發光二極體顯示器。當系統為手持系統 時,液晶顯示器及發光二極體顯示器尤其有用。 根據本發明另一例示實施例,參考圖2,例示系 統12⑽可組態有及/或結合各種輔助系統,以提供額 外功能。舉例而言,處理關注區域1206之例示處理系 -14 - 200914077 統1200可包含控制系統1202、探針12〇4、以及顯示 器1208。處理系統1200更包含—或多個輔助顯像模 態(modality)1272及/或一或多個輔助監控或感測模態 U74,其可基於以下至少其一:攝影術及其他視覺光 學方法、磁振造影(MRI)、電腦斷層攝影(CT)、光同調 斷層掃瞄(OCT)、電磁、微波或射頻(RF)方法' 正子放 射斷層攝影(PET)、紅外線、超音波、聲波或任何其他 顯像、定位或監控於關注區域12〇6之適用方法,包括 ,像/監控強化。經由探針12〇4與控制系統12〇2之超 音波顯像的顯像/監控強化’在眾多事物中可包含M模 弋持久、過濾、顏色、杜卜勒(Doppler)、以及調和 ,再者,作為主要處理源之超音波處理系統127〇 y結合第二處理源1276,包括射頻(RF)能量、微波能 =、或其他光子基能量方法,包含強脈衝光(IPL)、雷 I、,外線雷射、微波、或其他任何適用的能量源。 子於多模態處理、感測、監控、以及顯像系統而言, ’似於圖1B之多模態搞合器是尤其有用的實施例。 八d。於—例示實施例,參考圖3,例示系統16包含顯 ^器22、控制系統20、轉換器19,其用於輸送能量2、 、6、及/或8到關注區域12並監控關注區域12,豆 <立於以下—或多個之中:肖質層85、活化表皮i 合、皮88、皮下結締組織與脂肪82、以肌肉84。其他 )示系統揭露於同審查中之美國專利申請案第 200914077 10/950,112號,名稱為「結合超音波處理之方法及系 統(Method and System For Combined Ultrasound
Treatment)」,其結合於此作為參考。 繼續參考圖3,例示轉換器19為輸送超音波能量 2、4、6、及/或8至關注區域12之轉換器。於一些實 施例中’流體填塞或膠體之麵合劑用以將轉換器19搞 合至病人身體。於一些實施例中,需要額外的耦合劑, 且/或利用多重流體填塞或膠體之耦合劑,各具有不同 的聲波性質。 根據另一實施例,利用抽吸將轉換器19附接到病 人身體。於此例示實施例’產生了負壓差,而利用抽 吸將轉換器19附接到角質層85。利用真空型裝置以 產生抽吸,且真空裝置可與轉換器19為一體的^可分 離的、或完全分開的。轉換器到角質層85之抽吸附二 以及相關的負壓差,確保轉換器19適當地耦合至角質 層85。再者,抽吸附接亦降低組織厚度使其易於通達 組織的不同層。 再參考圖3,超音波能量2、4、6、及/或8可以 各種能量場發射。能量場可被聚焦、未聚焦、失焦, 且/或由轉換器19造成實質平面以提供複數個不同的 效應。能量可藉由自動或手動移動而以一或多個c面 > 16- 200914077 或c掃描施於一或多個點。例如,實質平面能量場可 提供較強的治療效應,而非聚焦的能量場可提供較緩 和的治療效應。應了解所用之術語「非聚焦」意指涵 蓋未聚焦或失焦的能量。 例示轉換器19發射超音波能量,以顯像、或處 理、或是顯像與處理的組合。於一例示實施例,轉換 ^ 器19用以發射超音波能量於關注區域12中的特定深 度,如下所述。於圖3之例示實施例,轉換器19為處 理之目的,發射未聚焦或失焦的超音波能量於關注區 域12的廣泛區域。 參考圖4A及4B’轉換器19可包令—或多個用以 助於處理之轉換器。轉換器19亦可包含一或多個轉導 元件’例如元件26A或26B。轉導元件可包含壓電活 化材料’例如锆鈦酸鉛(ίΖΤ)、或任何其他壓電活化材 I, 料’例如壓電陶瓷 '水晶、塑料、及/或複合材料、以 及銳酸經、欽酸斜、欽酸鋇、及/或偏銳酸錯(lead metaniobate)。除了或取代壓電活化材料,轉換器 可包含任何產生輻射及/或聲波能量之其他材料。轉換 器19亦可包含一或多個匹配及/或支持層,以與轉導 元件組態,例如|馬合至壓電活化材料。轉換器19亦了 組態有單一或多重阻尼元件沿轉導元件。 -17- 200914077 根據本發明一例示實施例,轉換器19之轉導元件 可組態為一致的。換言之,轉導元件可組態有實質相 同的厚度。根據本發明另一例示實施例,轉導元件亦 可組態成不同厚度及/或作為多重阻尼裝置。舉例而 言,轉換器19之轉導元件可具有第一厚度,係選擇來 提供較低範圍之中心操作頻率,例如約1kHz至 3MHz。轉導元件26可具有第二厚度,係選擇來提供 較高範圍之中心操作頻率,例如約3至100MHz,或 更高。 轉換器19可組態為單一寬頻轉換器,且以至少兩 個或更多頻率激發,以提供適當的輸出來提升關注區 域12内之溫度達所需程度。轉換器19亦可組態有兩 個或更多個別的轉換器,其中各轉換器19包含轉導元 件,其厚度可如上選擇以提供所需的中心操作頻率。 再者,於例示實施例中,任何種類的機械透鏡或 變焦透鏡,例如液體填充透鏡,亦可用以額外地聚焦 及/或失焦能量場。舉例而言,參考圖4A及4B所示 之例示實施例,轉換器19亦可組態有電子聚焦陣列 24,其結合一或多個轉導元件以助於增加處理關注區 域12的彈性。陣列24可以類似於轉換器19之方式組 態。換言之,陣列24可組態成電子孔徑陣列,其可由 各種相對可變電子時間延遲操作,例如Τι ... Tj。藉由 -18 - 200914077 「操作」一詞’電子孔徑陣列24可被 用、及/或組態’以對應電子時間延、、:驅動、利 之方式產生及/或輪送能量。舉例而言,=、之相變化 於輸送失焦束、、平面束、及/或聚焦束,其:二匕:= 合以於關注區域12達到不同生理效應。 、·'σ 轉導元件可組態為凹的、凸的、及/或平面的。例 如於圖4Α之例示實施例,轉導元件26Α及20b組態 為凹的,以提供聚焦能量處理關注區域12。額外的實 施例揭露於美國專利申請案第10/944,500號,名稱為 「可變深度超音波處理之系統及方法(System and Method for Variable Depth Ultrasound Treatment)」,結 合於此作為參考。於圖4A例示實施例之轉導元件24 及關聯的時間或相延遲垂直於圖4A所示者。因此如 此垂直設置之轉導元件24為治療、顯像、或雙模式顯 像-治療元件。 於圖4B所示之另一例示實施例中,轉導元件26A 及26B可組態為實質平的,以提供實質一致的能量至 關注區域12。於圖4B例示實施例之轉導元件24及關 聯的時間或相延遲垂直於圖4B所示者。因此如此垂 直設置之轉導元件24為治療、顯像、或雙模式顯像_ 治療元件。雖然圖4A及4B顯示例示實施例之轉導元 件分別組態為凹的或實質平的,然而轉導元件可組恶 -19- 200914077 為凹的凸的及/或實質平的。此外,轉導元件 態為,、凸的、及/或實質平的結 ,而5,第-轉導元件可組態為 舉 第二轉導元件可_為實好的。賴 多考圖4C及4D,轉換器】 讀供平面的、聚焦的、及/或非聚焦的陣 牛例而δ,根據一例示實施例,環形陣列2 。 數個環30、32、34至.環3〇、32、丁^复 地且電地隔離成個別元件組,且可產生平面σ幾蜮 的及/或非聚焦的波。舉例而言,此類波可藉由士、f焦 對應傳輸及/或接收延遲T1、T2、T3〜TN之方、°s周整 集中於軸上。電子聚焦可適當地沿各種深^而 動,且可致能可變的強度或束的緊度,而電^^移 -、有不同的失焦量。根據一例示實施例,亦可二可 鏡及/或凹的、凸的、及/或實質平的形狀之環形陳逯 28,以助於聚焦或失焦,使得可降低任何時間差異沔 遲。可實施環形陣列28移動於一維、二維、或三〜延 或沿任何路徑,例如透過使用探針及/或任何習知維/ 械手臂機制,以掃描及/或處理關注區域12中^, 空間或任何對應的空間。 量 參考圖4E,例示轉換器570亦可配置如球形聚隹 的單一元件572、環形/多元件574、具有顯像區 -20- 200914077 形陣列576、線聚焦的單一元件578、1-D線性陣列 580、1-D曲形(凸/凹)線性陣列582、及/或2_D陣列 584’具有機械聚焦585、凸透鏡聚焦 586、凹透鏡聚 焦587、化合/多透鏡聚焦588、及/或平面陣列形式 58^’ ^達,顯像及/或治療兩者之聚焦、未聚焦、或 非♦焦音%。其他透鏡形狀仍可用於本發明其他實施 例。類似於球形聚焦的單一元件572將因多環形元件 574及/或顯像區576而組態,治療的線聚焦的單一元 件=78及1-D與2-D陣列580、582、及584之一例示 ,知例乃°又置一或多個顯像元件或顯像陣列於其孔 仫例如沿孔控中心。一般可利用顯像及治療轉換器 或雙模式顯像-治療轉換器之組合。 例示轉換器藉由控制系統而適當地以各種方 式控制及操作。於圖5A_5C所示之實施例中,控制系 統2〇為整個聲波能量系統之協調及控制而組態。例 控制系統20可適當地包含電源組件36、感測及 皿控組件38、冷卻及耦合控制器40、及/或處理及控 制f輯組件42。控制系統20可以多種方式與更多或 ,二子系統及組件組態並最佳化以強化治療、顯像及/ 或I控,且圖5A及5B之實施例僅為說明性目的。 八舉例而言,就電源組件36而言,控制系統20可 ^ 3或多個直流(Dc)電源供應器44,以提供電能給 200914077 整個控制系統20,包括轉換器電子放大器/驅動器48 所需的電力。亦可提供DC電流感測裝置46,為安全 及監控目的而確認流到放大器/驅動器48之電力層級。 放大器/驅動器48可包含多通道或單通道電力放 大态及/或驅動器。根據一例示實施例之轉換器陣列組 怨,放大器/驅動器48亦可組態有成束器(beamformer) 以促進陣列聚焦。例示成束器可由具有相關切換邏輯 之數位控制的波形合成器/振盪器5〇激發。 電源組件36亦可包含各種過濾組態52。舉例而 言,可切換諧波濾波器及/或匹配可用於放大器/驅動器 /成束器48之輸出,以增加驅動頻率及效應。亦可包 含電力偵測組件54,以確認適當的操作及校正。舉例 而言,電力及其他動力偵測組件54亦可用以監控流到 探針18的電力量。 亦可適當地實施各種感測及監控組件於控制系統 20。舉例而言,根據一例示實施例,監控、感測、介 面及控制組件56可操作實施於轉換器19中之各種運 動偵測系統,以接收及處理來自關注區域丨2之資訊, 例如聲波的或其他空間的及/或時間的資訊。感測及監 控組件38亦可包括各種控制、介面及開關58以及/或 電力偵測器54。此類感測及監控組件38玎促進於處 -22- 200914077 理系統14中之開路及/或閉路回饋系統。 於一例示實施例’感測及監控組件38包含感測 器,其連接至聲音或視覺警報系統,以避免系統丨4過 度使用。於此例示實施例,感測器感測轉移至角質層 85、活化表皮86、活化真皮88、皮下結缔組織與脂肪 82、以肌肉84之能量的量,或系統14已活化i也發射 能量的時間。當達到某時間或溫度臨界時,鑿報器發 出聽覺警報或啟動視覺指示器以警告使用者^到^臨 界。如此避免使用者過度使用系統14。於一例示實施 例,感測器可操作地連接到控制系統2〇,且迫使控制 系統20停止自探針18發射超音波能量2、 或8。 卜麻1 物合控㈣統㈣自例示探針18移 二==表面組織介面於組織更深處提供受控溫 “i t 提供聲_合至·區域12。此 類冷郃/耦合控制系統6〇亦可以 操作於開路及/朗路回饋配置。^及回饋組件 及數位^魏2G可更包含各齡統處理器 双世径制邏輯62,例如一或多 58以及關聯的組件,包括上:控制器或介面開關 用者控制及八上:及軟體64,其介面於使 及^電路以及輸人/輪”路及I统,供通 -23- 200914077 訊、顯示、介面、儲存'紀實、及其他有用的功能。 軟體64控制所有初始化、時序、層級設定、監控、安 全監控、及所有其他完成使用者界定處理目的之系統 功能。再者’各種機制66亦可適當地組態以控制操作。 參考圖5C,例示轉換器藉由手持格式控制系統 1000而適當地以各種方式控制及操作。外部充電器 1002可與可充電式電池loo# —起使用,或電池1⑼4 可為單次使用拋棄式,例如AA型電池。電力整流器 (power converter) 1006產生適於提供動力給驅動器/回 饋電路1GG8之電壓,而調整網路驅動轉換器 1012,經由一或多個流體填充或膠體耦合劑1〇14耦合 至病人。於一些實施例中,流體填充或膠體耦合劑以 ,,搞合劑1015耗合至病人。此外,具關聯的軟體及 廣法之微控制器及時序電路1〇16提供控制及使用 者介面,經由顯示器1018、振盪器1〇2〇、及其他輸入 /輸出控制H U)22例如開關及聲音裝置。儲存元件 1024例如EEPR〇M、安全EEpR〇M、防竄改 EEPROM、或類似裝置,存有校正及使用資料。具有 =饋,運動機制1。26可適當地控制以掃描轉換器,如 而要蚪可以線或二維圖案及/或於變化的深度掃描。其 他回饋控制包含f容式、聲波式、他耦合偵測手 段及/或限制控制器、1〇28及熱感測器、酬。安全 EEPROM與流體填充或膠體耦合劑、轉換器ι〇ι2、熱 -24. 200914077 感,1030、輕合谓測器1028、或調整網路1010之 S其之—組合以及塑料或其他殼體,可包含拋棄式 頂端1032。 以於參考圖3 ’例示系統14亦包括顯示系統22 :某-例不實施例中提供關注區域12之影像,其 中自轉換H 19以適於顯像之方式發射超音波能量。顯 =糸統亦可為任何類型的系統,其傳送除關於系統14 ’關注區域12之影像外之影像或資訊給使用者。因 ^ ’於各種例示實施例中,顯示系、統22可為電腦監視 =、電視f幕,或可為簡單的指示系統類型,例如液 曰曰”、、員示态、發光一極體顯示器。當系統為手持系統 時,液晶顯示器及發光二極體顯示器尤其有用。 顯示系統22使得使用者能促進處理區域及周圍 結構之局部化,例如識別細胞膜與組織。於局部化後, 輸送超音波能量2、4、6、及/或8於深度、分佈、時 ^以及能量等級,以達到所需的治療、顯像、及/或 在治療之如、期間、及/或之後,即輸送超音波 能量之前、期間、及/或之後,可進行處理區域及周圍 結構之監控,以進一步計晝及存取結果,及/或提供回 饋給控制系統20並經由顯示系統22給系統操作者。 根據例示貫施例,可透過超音波顯像促進局部化, 其可用以界定於皮膚組織之一或多層中之關注區域 -25 - 200914077 12 就超音波能量輪送而言, 或電子地被掃描’以將處理區置於關,械献/ 區上方。處理深度可調整於約U1〇〇二:申 及/或肌肉84之最切度。此魏量輪賴二St ,目標=,組_像然後施加超音波 ^ =:r延伸區上方之已知深度而無需初始; 來自轉換$ 19之超音波束可為空間地及/或 地控制’其係藉由改變轉換器19之空間參數,例^ J、距,、處理深度、及轉換器19結構,以及藉由改 ^轉換器19之時間參數’例如頻率、驅動振幅、及時 ,而利用控制系統2G處理此魅制。此類時空泉數 亦可適當絲控及/或_於超音波 開^ 及/或閉路回饋系統。 间路 根據本發明另一例示 示監控方法可包含監控溫 他組織參數,例如衰減、 如處理區域之硬度及應變 發射之超音波能量2、4、 間的特性、以及能量等級 實施例’再次參考圖3,例 度輪廓或關注區域12之其 聲音速度、或機械性質,例 ’且適當地調整自轉換器19 6 '及/或8之空間及/或時 °此類監控技術之結果可藉 -26- 200914077 由一維、二維、或三維影像監控結果指示於顯示系統 22’或可簡單地包含成功或失敗型指示器,或其組'入 額外的處理監控技術可基於一或多個溫度、視訊^ 廓(profilometry)、及/或硬度或應變量測器、或任^ 其他合適的感測技術。
可利用任何量的能量只要關注區域12内之組織 不被燒蝕或凝結。於一例示實施例,探針18發射之^ 量為未聚焦或失焦的超音波能量2、4、6、及/或8此 選替地,可自探針18發射聚焦的超音波能量2、\、6、 及/或8,並施於關注區域12。 於某些例示實施例,系統14配備有某些特徵來幫 助使用者。一特徵為使用時覆蓋探針18之可拋棄式頂 端。可拋棄式頂端使超音波能量2、4、6、及/或^可 通過頂端並接觸病人。但是使用後可拋棄式頂端可自 探針18移除並以新的可拋棄式頂端置換,以避免病人 的病菌散播至其他病人,其可能是在接觸病人的角質 層85後駐留於探針18上。可使用不同尺寸的可拋棄 式頂端,且仍落入本發明之範疇中。 於一例示實施例,釋放到關注區域12之能量增加 關/主區域12中之局部溫度超過—般體溫約1(^_25 C。因此於處理時,關注區域12内之溫度約於_6〇 -27- 200914077 c間。於另一例示實施例,溫度被提升超過一般體溫 約rC-l5t:。因此於此實施例,關注區域12内之溫度 約於35°C-49〇C間。於此雖揭示特定的溫度範圍,但應 了解任何溫度考量係落入本發明之範疇。 一於某些實施例,溫度的增加可能非常高但施用夠
短的時間,使得輸送至關注區域12的能量不會造成組 織燒蝕或凝結。於其他狀況,溫度的增加可能相當小 ,施用夠長的時間’使得具有效應但不會造成组織 蝕或凝鈷。 70 日秦溫度輪廓可彻_量觀點來模型化幻 圭=熱劑量,或t43,為於价暴露的時間,其如 任思¥間·溫度加熱輪廓造成 境钱損害於56t:形成於 ^型地 熱劑量-百及24分鐘、。相、劫及,』應於43 ,π , 相问的熱劑量對應至50。(:矣 為一刀鐘。因此’非燒蝕輪 、、 間,及/或低溫度且較長時3有_度且較知日: 組合。舉例而言,可利用;:或各種時間-溫度輪廓白 分鐘之桃。城柯溫度或1 或多個輪廓可結合於單」^^各例^補’其中_ 於一例示實施例 如約50°C或更高且持 p關主區域12提升至高層級,例 ,約數秒。於另一例示實施例, -28- 200914077 關1區域12提升至高層級(例如大於5〇ΐ)且約—秒到 五秒或更多,然後關掉約一秒到五秒或更多,且‘ 以產生脈衝輪靡。 於另一例示實施例,溫度快速提升至高層級(例如 大於5〇。〇,然後掉到較低溫(小於5〇。〇,然後於此溫 度維持給疋時間,例如一秒至數秒或超過一分鐘。 於另—例示實施例,溫度快速增加至高層級 (thigh)’其中Thigh大於4(rc,然後關掉系統14電曰力, 但當溫度掉到較低臨界(τ_)時再打開,τ咖小於 THIG—Η。一旦溫度達到TmGH再次關掉系統14電力,且 重後此程序,效應上類似於溫變自動啟閉裝置 在總處理時間為一秒至-分鐘或更多時
(Ύ 、朴丄 4,日刀口主尚層級
start),其中Tstart大於4(rc,然後關掉,但 可查覺地掉到低於Tstart前(即低了幾度)再打 此在電力再次關閉前溫度可小量增加超 ^ J 了幾度)。於此例示實施例,溫度可快 =後在處理結束前可容許增加到較高溫= 持於非燒蝕或凝結範圍。 仍'隹 -29- 200914077 本發明於此可以各種功能性組件以及處理步驟形 式描述。應了解這些組件以及步驟可藉由用以實施特 定功能之任何數量的硬體元件實現。舉例而言,本發 明可利用各種醫藥處理裝置、視覺顯像與顯示裝置、 輸入終端及類似者,其可在一或多個控制系統或其他 控制震置的控制之下實行多種功能。此外,本發明可 實施於任何數量的醫藥背景,且於此所描述關於利用 采波肖b里強化藥劑輸送及/或效能之例示實施例,僅作 為本發明例示性應用的說明。舉例而言,所討論之原 理、特徵、以及方法,可應用於任何醫藥應用。再者, 本發明各種方面可適當地應用於其他的應用,例如其 他醫藥或工業應用。 【圖式簡單說明】 本發明標的具體指明並明確主張於說明書之最後 部份。然而,本發明之結構與操作方法皆可參照詳細 說明與申請蓴利範圍並伴隨圖式而更加了解,其中圖 式中類似的元件以類似的標號表示,且: 圖1A顯示根據本發明例示實施例調整藥 法之方塊圖; 圖顯示根據本發明例示實施例調整 統之方塊圖; 乐 圖2顯示根據本發明例示實施例處理系統之方 其包含結合額外子㈣之超音波處理子系統 圖, -30- 200914077 及處理監測及/或處理顯像之方法以及第二處理子系 統; 圖3顯示根據本發明例示實施例調整藥劑之系統 之不意圖, 圖4A、4B、4C、4D、以及4E顯示根據本發明各 種實施例之例示轉換器之截面示意圖;以及 圖5A、5B、以及5C顯示根據本發明實施例之例 示控制系統之方塊圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 2 能量 4 能量 6 能量 8 能量 12 關注區域 14 系統 16 糸統 18 探針 19 轉換器 20 控制系統 22 顯示器或指示器 24 電子聚焦陣列 26A 轉導元件 26B 轉導元件 -31 - 200914077 28 環形陣列 30 環 32 環 34 環 36 電源組件 38 感測及監控組件 40 冷卻及耦合控制器 42 處理及控制邏輯組件 44 DC電源供應器 46 DC電流感測裝置 48 放大器/驅動器成束器 50 數位波形合成器/振盪器 52 過滤·組態 54 電力偵測器 56 監控、感測、介面及控制組件 58 控制及介面開關 60 冷卻/耦合控制系統 62 系統處理器及數位控制邏輯 64 韌體及軟體 66 機制 82 皮下結締組織與脂肪 84 肌肉 85 角質層 86 活化表皮 -32- 200914077 88 真皮 570 轉換器 572 球形聚焦的單一元件 574 環形/多元件 576 具有顯像區之環形陣列 578 線聚焦的單一元件 580 1-D線性陣列 582 1-D曲形(凸/凹)線性陣列 584 2-D陣列 585 機械聚焦 586 凸透鏡聚焦 587 凹透鏡聚焦 588 化合/多透鏡聚焦 589 平面陣列形式 1000 持格式控制糸統 1002 外部充電器 1004 電池或可充電式電池 1006 電力整流益 1008 驅動器/回饋電路 1010 調整網路 1012 轉換器 1014 耦合劑 1015 聲波耦合劑 1016 微控制器及時序電路 -33 - 200914077 1018顯示器 1020振盪器 1022輸入/輸出控制器 1024儲存元件 1026具有回饋之運動機制 1028偵測手段 1030熱感測器 1032拋棄式頂端 1200處理系統 1202控制系統 1204探針及耦合 1206關注區域 1208顯示器 1270主要處理系統 1272輔助顯像子系統 1274輔助監控子系統 1276結合/次要處理系統 -34-

Claims (1)

  1. 200914077 十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種強化藥劑輸送及/或效能之方法,包含: 提供一聲波能量源; 呈現一藥劑至一細胞膜或組織;以及 聚焦來自該聲波能量源之聲波能量至該細胞 膜或組織内之複數個深度,其中該聲波能量於約 100kHz至約500MHz之範圍,其中該複數個深度 各於約0mm至約100mm之範圍, 其中該藥劑之輸送及/或效能因而被強化。 2. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該藥劑藉由擴散而呈 現於該細胞膜或組織。 3. 如請求項2所述之方法,更包含以一耦合劑辆合該 聲波能量源至該細胞膜或組織之步驟,其中該耦合 劑包含該藥劑。 4. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該藥劑藉由循環而呈 現於該細胞膜或組織。 5. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該藥劑藉由注射而呈 現於該細胞膜或組織。 6. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該藥劑為自然發生於 -35- 200914077 或已存在於體内之一化學物。 7. 如請求項6所述之方法,其中該化學物為以下之 一:細胞、胺基酸、蛋白質、抗體、礦物質、以及 維生素。 8. 如請求項6所述之方法,其中該細胞膜或組織之滲 透性及/或透明性被增加。 (' · 9. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該聲波能量於約 200kHz至20MHz之範圍。 10. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該複數個深度於約 20mm至約30mm之範圍。 11. 一種輸送藥劑至細胞膜或組織内之關注區域之方 (; 法,包含: 提供一聲波能量源; 呈現一藥劑至該細胞膜或組織; 聚焦來自該聲波能量源之聲波能量至該細胞 膜或組織内之一第一深度,其中該聲波能量具有第 一時空能量輪廓;以及 聚焦來自該聲波能量源之聲波能量至該細胞 膜或組織内之一第二深度,其中該聲波能量具有一 -36- 200914077 第二時空能量輪廓; 其中該藥劑被輸送至該關注區域。 12. —種強化藥劑輸送及/或效能之系統,包含: 一控制系統,用以控制該系統; 一探針,用以輸出聲波能量且因而可預測地破 壞複數個細胞膜或組織,其中該複數個細胞膜或組 織位於一皮膚表面下之複數個深度;以及 Γ. 一顯示系統; 其中該探針以一膠體或膏霜耦合該皮膚表 面,且其中該膠體或膏霜包含該藥劑。 13. 如請求項12所述之系統,其中該探針更用以顯像 及/或監測。 14. 如請求項12所述之系統,其中該聲波能量於約 y 100kHz 至 500MHz 之範圍。 15. 如請求項14所述之系統,其中該聲波能量於約 200kHz至20MHz之範圍。 -37 -
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