NO336901B1 - Synergistiske, fungicidisk aktive substanskombinasjoner - Google Patents
Synergistiske, fungicidisk aktive substanskombinasjoner Download PDFInfo
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- NO336901B1 NO336901B1 NO20141329A NO20141329A NO336901B1 NO 336901 B1 NO336901 B1 NO 336901B1 NO 20141329 A NO20141329 A NO 20141329A NO 20141329 A NO20141329 A NO 20141329A NO 336901 B1 NO336901 B1 NO 336901B1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
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Abstract
Det beskrives nye aktive forbindelseskombinasjoner som omfatter karboksamidet N-(3',4'-diklor-5-fluor-1,1'-bifenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluormetyl)-1-metyl-1H-pyrazol-4-karboksamid og triazoler som angitt i beskrivelsen. Disse kombinasjoner viser meget gode fungicide egenskaper.
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår nye aktive forbindelseskombinasjoner omfattende for det første bixafen og for det andre kjente triazoler, hvilke nye aktive forbindelseskombinasjoner er meget egnet for å kontrollere uønskede fytopatogeniske fungi.
Foreliggende søknad er avdelt fra norsk patentsøknad nr. 20062099.
Det er allerede kjent at visse karboksamider har fungicide egenskaper. Således er for eksempel N-( 3 ',4'-diklor-5-fluor-l, 1 '-bifenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluormetyl)-1 -metyl- l//-pyrazol-4-karboksamid kjent fra DE-A 102 15 292, S-CtrifluormetyO-^-IS^fluoM'-^-(metoksyimino)metyl]-l,l'-bifenyl-2-yl}-l-metyl-l//-pyrazol-4-karboksamid er kjent fra WO 02/08197 og^-CS-^^diklor-^r-bifenyl^-ylVS-fluor-l^-dimetyl-l^-pyrazol-4-karboksamid er kjent fra WO 00/14071. Aktiviteten for disse forbindelser er god, imidlertid er de lavere applikasjonsgrader noen ganger utilfredsstillende. Videre er det allerede kjent at tallrike triazolderivater, anilinderivater, dikarboksimider og andre heterosykler kan benyttes for å kontrollere fungi (jfr. EP-A 0 040 345, DE-A 22 01 063, DE-A 23 24 010, Pesticide Manual, 9. utgave (1991), side 249 og 827, EP-A 0 382 375 og EP-A 0 515 901). Imidlertid er virkningen av disse forbindelser sannsynligvis ikke alltid tilstrekkelig ved lave applikasjonsgrader. Videre er det allerede kjent at l-(3,5-dime1ylisoksazol-4-sulfonyl)-2-klor-6,6-difluor-[l,3]-dioksolo-[4,5f]-benzimidazol har fungicide egenskaper (jfr. WO 97/06171). Til slutt er det også kjent at substituerte halopyrimidiner har fungicide egenskaper (jfr. DE-A1-196 46 407, EP-B 0 712 396).
Foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer nå nye aktive forbindelseskombinasjoner med meget gode, fungicide egenskaper, omfattende karboksamidet (1-1) iV-(3',4'-diklor-5-fluor-1,1' -bifenyl-2-yl)-3 -(difluormetyl)-1 -metyl- li/-pyrazol-4-karboksamid (kj ent fra WO 03/070705) og minst en aktiv forbindelse valgt fra gruppe 3 bestående av:
(3-3) propikonazol (kjent fra DE-A 25 51 560) av formel
(3-6) cyprokonazol (kjent fra DE-A 34 06 993) av formel (3-12) epoksikonazol (kjent fra EP-A 0 196 038) av formel (3-15) protiokonazol (kjent fra WO 96/16048) av formel (3-17) tebukonazol (kjent fra EP-A 0 040 345) av formel (3-19) metkonazol (kjent fra EP-A 0 329 397) av formel (3-21) bitertanol (kjent fra DE-A 23 24 010) av formel
I tillegg til karboksamidet (1-1) N-(3\4'-diklor-5-fluor-l,l'-bifenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluormetyl)-l-metyl-li/-pyrazol-4-karboksamid, omfatter den aktive forbindelseskombinasjon B også et triazol, der triazolet er valgt fra listen nedenfor:
(3-3) propikonazol
(3-6) cyprokonazol
(3-12) epoksikonazol
(3-15) protiokonazol
(3-17) tebukonazol
(3-19) metkonazol og
(3-21) bitertanol.
Vekt er lagt på de aktive forbindelseskombinasjoner B som er oppsummert i Tabell 2 nedenfor:
De aktiv forbindelseskombinasjonene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan i tillegg omfatte ytterligere, fungicidisk aktive additiver.
Hvis de aktive forbindelser i de aktive forbindelseskombinasj onene ifølge oppfinnelsen er tilstede innen visse vektforhold, er synergistisk virkning spesielt utpreget. Imidlertid kan vektforholdene for aktive forbindelser i den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen varieres innen relativt vide områder. Generelt omfatter kombinasjonene ifølge oppfinnelsen den aktive forbindelse N-(3',4'-diklor-5-fluor-l,r-bifenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluormetyl)-l-metyl-li/-pyrazol-4-karboksamid og en blandingspartner fra en av gruppe (3) i blandingsforhold som oppsummert som eksempler i Tabell 21 nedenfor.
Blandingsforholdene er basert på vektforhold. Forholdet skal forstås som aktiv forbindelse med formel (I): blandingspartner.
I hvert tilfelle skal blandingsforholdet velges slik at det oppnås en synergistisk blanding. Blandingsforholdene mellom karboksamidet (1-1) N-(3\4'-diklor-5-fluor-l,l'-bifenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluormetyl)-l -metyl- li/-pyrazol-4-karboksamid (Bixafen) og en blandingspartner fra gruppe (3) kan også variere mellom de individuelle forbindelser i en gruppe.
De aktive forbindelseskombinasj onene ifølge oppfinnelsen har meget gode fungicidiske egenskaper og er egnet for å kontrollere fytopatogene fungi som Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes osv.
De aktive forbindelseskombinasjoner ifølge oppfinnelsen er spesielt egnet for å kontrollere Erysiphe graminis, Pyrenophora teres og Leptosphaeria nodorum.
Noen patogener som forårsaker soppsykdommer som kommer under de generiske navn som er oppsummert ovenfor, kan nevnes som eksempel, men ikke som begrensning: Pythium-spesies som f.eks. Pythium ultimum; Phytophthora-spesier som f.eks. Phytophthora infestans; Pseudoperonospora-spesies som f.eks. Pseudoperonospora humuli eller Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Plasmopara-spesies som f. eks. Plasmopara viticola; Bremia-spesies som f.eks. Bremia lactucae; Peronospora-spesies som f.eks. Peronospora pisi eller P. brassicae; Erysiphe-spesies som f. eks. Erysiphe graminis; Sphaerotheca-spesies som f. eks. Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Podosphaera-spesies som f.eks. Podosphaera leucotricha; Venturia-spesies som f.eks. Venturia inaequalis; Pyrenophora-spesies som f.eks. Pyrenophora teres eller P. graminea (conidia form: Drechslera, syn: Helminthosporium); Cochliobolus-spesies som f.eks. Cochliobolus sativus (conidia form: Drechslera, syn: Helminthosporium); Uromyces-spesies som f.eks. Uromyces appendiculatus; Puccinia-spesies som f.eks. Puccinia recondita; Sclerotinia-spesies som f.eks. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Tilletia-spesies som f.eks. Tilletia caries; Ustilago-spesies som f.eks. Ustilago nuda eller Ustilago avenae; Pellicularia-spesies som f.eks. Pellicularia sasakii; Pyricularia-spesies som f.eks. Pyricularia oryzae; Fusarium-spesies som f.eks. Fusarium culmorum; Botrytis-spesies som f.eks. Botrytis cinerea; Septoria-spesies som f.eks. Septoria nodorum; Leptosphaeria-spesies som for eksempel Leptosphaeria nodorum; Cercospora-spesies som f.eks. Cercospora canescens; Alternaria-spesiels som f.eks. Alternaria brassicae; Pseudocercosporella-spesies som f.eks. Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Rhizoctonia-spesies som f.eks. Rhizoctonia solani.
Det faktum at de aktive forbindelseskombinasj onene godt kan tolereres av planter ved de konsentrasjoner som er nødvendige for å kontrollere plantesykdommer tillater en behandling av hele planter (over bakkedeler av planter og røtter), av propageringsstengel og frø, og av jordsmonnet. De aktive forbindelseskombinasj onene i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan benyttes for bladapplikasjon eller også som frøbehandlingsmidler.
De aktive forbindelseskombinasj onene ifølge oppfinnelsen er også egnet for å øke utbyttet av avlinger. I tillegg viser de redusert toksisitet og tolereres godt av plantene.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen er det mulig å behandle alle planter og deler av planter. Planter skal her forstås til å bety alle planter og plantepopulasjoner som er ønskede og uønskede villplanter eller avlingsplanter (inkludert naturlig forekommende avlingsplanter). Avlingsplanter kan plantes og så oppnås ved konvensjonell avling og optimalisering eller ved bioteknologiske og genetiske konstruksjonsmetoder eller kombinasjoner av disse, inkludert transgeniske planter og inkludert plantekultivarer som eventuelt kan beskyttes via planteforedlersertifikater. Deler av planter skal forstås til å bety alle over bakke- eller under bakke-deler og organer av planter som skudd, blader, blomster og røtter og som eksempler kan nevnes blad, nåler, stengler, stammer, blomster, fruktlegemer, frukt og frø og også røtter, rør og rizomer. Deler av planter inkluderer også innhøstet materiale og vegetativt og generativt propargeringsmateriale som stiklinger, rør, rizomer, kutt og frø.
Behandlingen av plantene og delene av platene ifølge oppfinnelsen med de aktive forbindelser gjennomføres direkte eller ved innvirkning på deres omgivelse, habitat eller lagringsareal i henhold til konvensjonelle behandlingsmetoder som for eksempel ved dypping, spray, fordamping, forstøvning, utspredning, påbørsting, når det gjelder propargeringsmateriale, særlig når det gjelder frø, ved en- til flersjikts belegning.
Som allerede nevnt ovenfor er det mulig å behandle alle planter og deres deler i henhold til oppfinnelsen. I en foretrukket utførelsesform behandles villplantespesier og plantekultivarer, eller de som oppnås ved konvensjonell biologisk avling, som krysning eller protoplastfusjon, og deler derav. I en ytterligere foretrukket utførelsesform oppnås transgeniske planter eller plantekultivarer ved genetisk konstruksjon, hvis hensiktsmessig i kombinasjon med konvensjonelle metoder (genetisk modifiserte organismer) og deler derav. Uttrykket "deler" eller "deler av planter" eller "plantedeler" er forklart ovenfor.
Spesielt foretrukket blir planter av plantekultivarer som i hvert tilfelle er kommersielt tilgjengelig eller i bruk, behandlet ifølge oppfinnelsen.
Avhengig av plantespesier eller plantekultivarer, deres lokasjon og vekstbetingelser (jord, klima, vegetasjon, periode og diett) kan behandlingen ifølge oppfinnelsen også resultere i superadditive ("synergistiske") effekter. Således kan for eksempel reduserte applikasjonsmengder og/eller en utbredning av aktivitetsspekteret og en ren økning av aktiviteten av substansen og preparatene som kan benyttes ifølge oppfinnelsen, forbedre plantevekst, øke toleransen til høy- eller lav temperatur, øke toleransen til tørke- eller vann- eller jordsaltinnhold, øket blomsterytelse, lettere innhøsting, akselerert maturering, høyere innhøstingsutbytter, bedre kvalitet og/eller høyere næringsverdi for innhøstede produkter, bedre lagringsstabilitet og/eller prosesserbarhet for innhøstede produkter, alt mulig som overskrider effekten som vanligvis skulle forventes.
De transgene planter eller plantekultivarer (dvs. de som oppnås ved genetisk konstruksjon) som fortrinnsvis skal behandles ifølge oppfinnelsen, inkluderer alle planter som, i den genetiske modifikasjon, mottar genetisk materiale som gir spesielt fordelaktig, brukbare egenskaper ("traits") for plater. Eksempler på slike egenskaper er bedre plantevekst, øket toleranse for høye eller lave temperaturer, øket toleranse mot tørke eller vann eller jordsaltinnhold, øket blomsterytelse, letter innhøsting, akselerert maturering, høyere innhøstingsutbytter, bedre kvalitet og en høyere næringsverdi for de innhøstede produkter, bedre lagringsstabilitet og/eller prosesserbarhet for de ønskede produkter. Ytterligere og spesielt fremhevede eksempler for slike egenskaper er bedre forsvar hos plantene mot dyre- og mikrobielle plager som mot insekter, midd, fytopatogene fungi, bakterier og/eller vimser, og også øket toleranse for planter mot visse herbicide, aktive forbindelser. Eksempler på transgene planter som kan nevnes er de viktige avlingsplanter som cerealier (hvete, ris), mais, soyabønner, poteter, bomull, oljefrø, raps og også fruktplanter (med fruktene epler, bærer, sitrusfrukter og druer) og særlig skal fremheves mais, soyabønner, poteter, bomull og oljefrøraps. Egenskaper "traits" som spesielt skal fremheves er øket forsvar mot planteinsekter, mot toksiner dannet i plantene og særlig de som dannes i planter av det generiske materialet fra Bacillus thuringiensis (for eksempel av genene CrylA(a), CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CryllA, CrylllA, CrymBs, Cry9c, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb og CrylF og også kombinasjoner derav)
(heteretter angitt som "Bt-planter"). Egenskaper "traits" som videre spesielt skal fremheves er den økede toleranse for plantene mot visse herbicidaktive forbindelser
som imidazolinoner, sulfonylureaer, glyfosfater eller fosfinotricin (for eksempel "PAT"-genet). Genene som gir de ønskede "traits" det her er snakk om kan også være tilstede i kombinasjoner med et annet i de transgene planter. Eksempler på "Bt-planter" som kan nevnes er maissorter, bomullssorter, soyabønnesorter og potetsorter, slik det
markedsføres under varemerkene YIELD GARD® (for eksempel mais, bomull, soyabønne), KnockOut® (for eksempel mais), StarLink® (for eksempel mais), Bellogard® (bomull), Nucoton® (bomull) og NewLeaf® (potet). Eksempler på herbicid-tolerante planter som kan nevnes er maissorter, bomullssorter og soyabønnesorter som markedsføres under varemerkene Roundup Ready® (toleranse mot glyfosfater, for eksempel mais, bomull, soyabønne), Liberty Link® (toleranse mot fosfinotricin, for eksempel oljefrøraps), IMI® (toleranse mot imidazolinoner) og STS®
(toleranse mot sulfonylureaer, for eksempel mais). Herbicid-resistente planter (planter avlet på konvensjonelle måte for herbicid toleranse) som kan nevnes inkluderer også sortene som markedsføres under navnet Clearfield® (for eksempel mais). Selvfølgelig gjelder dette også plantekultivarer som har disse genetiske "traits" eller genetiske "traits" som fremdeles må utvikles, og som vil utvikles og/eller markedsføres i fremtiden.
Avhengig av de spesielle fysiske og/eller kjemiske egenskaper kan den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen ifølge oppfinnelsen overføres til vanlige formuleringer som oppløsninger, emulsjoner, suspensjoner, pulver, støv, skum, pastaer, oppløselige pulvere, granuler, aerosoler, suspensjons-emulsjonskonsentrat, naturlige og syntetiske stoffer impregnert med aktiv forbindelse og mikroinnkapslinger i polymersubstanser og i beleggspreparater for frø, og ULV-avkjølings- og varm-dugg formuleringer.
Disse formuleringer fremstilles på i og for seg kjent måte, for eksempel ved å blande de aktive forbindelsene eller de aktive forbindelseskombinasj onene med drøyemidler, dvs. flytende oppløsningsmidler, flytende gasser under trykk og/eller faste bærere, eventuelt under anvendelse av surfaktanter, dvs. emulgatorer og/eller dispersjonsmidler og/eller skummemidler.
Hvis drøyemiddelet er vann er det også mulig å benytte for eksempel organiske oppløsningsmidler som hjelpeoppløsningsmidler. I det vesentlige er egnede flytende oppløsningsmidler: aromater som zylen, toluen eller alkylnaftalen, klorerte aromater eller klorerte, alifatiske hydrokarboner som klorbenzener, kloretylener og metylenklorid, alifatiske hydrokarboner som sykloheksan eller parafin som petroleumfraksjoner, mineral- og vegetabilske oljer, alkoholer som butanol eller glykol og deres etere og estere, ketoner som aceton, metyletylketon, metylisobutylketon eller sykloheksanon, sterkt polare oppløsningsmidler som dimetylformamid og dimetylsulfoksid, eller også vann.
Flytendegjorte, gassformige drøyemidler eller bærere skal forstås å bety væske som er gassformig ved standardtemperatur og under atmosfærisk trykk, for eksempel aerosoldrivmidler som butan, propan, nitrogen og karbondioksid.
Egnede, faste bærere er for eksempel ammoniumsalter, oppmalte naturlige mineraler som kaoliner, leire, talkum, kalk, kvarts, attapulgitt, montmorillonitt og diatomejord, og oppmalte, syntetiske mineraler som finoppdelt silika, alumina og silikater. Egnede faste bærere for granuler er for eksempel knust og fraksjonert naturlig sten som kalcitt, marmor, pimpsten, sepiolitt og dolomitt eller også syntetiske granuler av ikke-organiske og organiske mel og granuler av organiske materialer som sagmugg, kokosnøttskall, maiskolber og tobakkstengler. Egnede emulgatorer og/eller skumdannere er for eksempel ikke-ioniske og anioniske emulgatorer som polyoksyetylenfettsyreestere, polyoksyetylenfettalkoholetere som alkylarylpolyglykoletere, alkylsulfonater, alkylsulfater, arylsulfonater eller også proteinhydrolysater. Egnede dispersjonsmidler er for eksempel lignosulfittavlut og metylcellulose.
Klebriggjørere som karboksymetylcellulose, naturlige og syntetiske polymerer i form av pulvere, granuler eller latekser som gummi arabikum, polyvinylalkohol og polyvinylacetat, eller også naturlige fosfolipider som cefaliner og lecitiner og syntetiske fosfolipider, kan benyttes i formuleringene. Andre mulige additiver er mineral- og vegetabilske oljer.
Det er mulig å benytte fargestoffer som uorganiske pigmenter, for eksempel jernoksid, titanoksid og Prøysisk blått, og organiske fargestoffer som alzarinfargestoffer, azofargestoffer og metallftalaocyaninfargestoffer, og spornæringsmidler som salter av jern, mangan, bor, kobber, kobolt, molybden og sink.
Innhold av aktiv forbindelse i bruksformene som fremstilles fra de kommersielle formuleringer kan varieres innen vide områder. Konsentrasjonen av aktiv forbindelse av bruksformene for å kontrollere dyrepest som insekter eller akarider, kan være fra 0,0000001 til 95 vekt% aktiv forbindelse og er fortrinnsvis fra 0,0001 til 1 vekt%. Bruken og påføringen er på vanlig måte tilpasset bruksformene.
Formuleringene for å kontrollere uønskede fytopatogene fungi omfatter generelt mellom 0,1 og 95 vekt% aktive forbindelser, og særlig mellom 0,5 og 90%.
De aktive forbindelseskombinasjoner ifølge oppfinnelsen kan benyttes som sådanne, i form av deres formuleringer eller som anvendelsesformer som fremstilles fra disse, som oppløsninger som er bruksklare, emulgerbare konsentrater, emulsjoner, suspensjoner, fuktbare pulvere, oppløselige pulvere, støv og granuler. De benyttes på vanlig måte, for eksempel ved vanning, trykk-delegering, spraying, forstøvning, vannspredning, bestøving, skumming eller som pulvere for tørrfrø-behandling, en oppløsning for frøbehandling, et vannoppløselig pulver for frøbehandling, et vannoppløselig pulver for slurrybehandling eller ved innkapsling, eller på en hvilken som helst annen kjent måte. De aktive forbindelseskombinasjoner ifølge oppfinnelsen kan, i kommersielle formuleringer og i bruksformer som fremstilles fra disse, være tilstede i en blanding med andre aktive forbindelser som insekticider, attraktanter, sterilanter, baktericider, akaricider, nematicider, fungicider, vekstregulatorer og herbicider.
Når man benytter aktive forbindelseskombinasjoner ifølge oppfinnelsen kan påføringsmengdene varieres innen relativt frie områder avhengig av påføringstypen. Ved behandling av deler av planter kan påføringsmengdene for aktive forbindelseskombinasjoner generelt ligge mellom 0,1 og 10 000 g/ha, og særlig mellom 10 og 1 000 g/ha. Ved behandling av frø vil påføringsmengdene for aktiv forbindelseskombinasj on generelt ligge mellom 0,001 og 50 g per kilo frø, og særlig mellom 0,01 og 10 g per kilo frø. I behandling av jord, vil behandlingsmengdene av aktiv forbindelseskombinasj on generelt ligge mellom 0,1 og 10 000 g/ha, og særlig mellom 1 og 5 000 g/ha.
Aktive forbindelseskombinasjoner kan benyttes som sådanne, i form av konsentrater eller i form av generelle vanlige formuleringer som pulvere, granuler, oppløsninger, suspensjoner, emulsjoner eller pastaer.
Formuleringene som nevnt kan fremstilles på i og for seg kjent måte, for eksempel ved å blande de aktive forbindelsene med minst et oppløsningsmiddel eller et fortynningsmiddel, emulgator, dispersjonsmiddel og/eller et bindemiddel eller fiksativ, vannavstøtende middel, hvis ønskelig tørkemiddel og UV-stabilisatorer, og hvis ønskelig, fargestoffer og pigmenter og andre prosesshjelpemidler.
Den gode fungicide virkning av de aktive forbindelseskombinasjonene ifølge oppfinnelsen påvises i eksemplene nedenfor. Mens de individuelle, aktive forbindelser viser svakheter i fungicid virkning, viser kombinasjonene en virkning som overskrider den rene sum av virkninger.
En synergistisk effekt i fungicider er alltid tilstede når den fungicide virkning av den aktive forbindelseskombinasjon overskrider summen av virkninger av de aktive forbindelser når de anvendes individuelt.
Den forventete fungicide virkning for en gitt kombinasjon av to aktive forbindelser kan beregnes som følger, i henhold til S.R. Colby ("Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations", Weeds 1967. 15, 20-22):
Hvis
X er effektiviteten når man benytter aktiv forbindelse A i en anvendelsesmengde på
m<g>/ha,
Y er effektivitet når man benytter aktiv forbindelse B i en anvendelsesmengde på n
g/ ha og
E er effktivitet når man benytter aktive forbindelser A og B i anvendelsesmengder
pk m og n g/ ha,
Her bestemmes effektiviteten i %. 0% betyr en effektivitet som tilsvarer den for en kontroll, mens en effektivitet på 100% betyr at det ikke observeres noen infeksjon.
Hvis den virkelige fun<g>icide virkning overskrider den beregnede verdi, er virkningen av kombinasjonen superadditiv, dvs. at en synergistisk effekt er tilstede. I dette tilfellet må den i realiteten observerte effektivitet overskride den verdien som beregnes ved bruk av formelen ovenfor for den forventede effektivitet (E).
Oppfinnelsen skal illustreres nærmere i eksemplene nedenfor. Imidlertid er oppfinnelsen ikke begrenset til eksemplene.
Brukseksempler
I brukseksemplene som er vist nedenfor ble i hvert tilfelle blandinger av karboksamidene med den generelle formel (I) (gruppe 1) nedenfor testet med blandingspartner som gitt i hvert tilfelle (strukturformel er gitt ovenfor).
Karboksamider med formel (I) ble benyttet:
Eksempel A (sammenlikningseksempel)
Pyrenophora teres test (rug) / kurativ
Oppløsningsmiddel: 50 vektdeler N,N-dimetylacetamid Emulgator: 1 vektdel alkylarylpolyglykoleter
For å fremstille et egnet preparat av aktiv forbindelse ble en vektdel av den aktive forbindelse eller den aktive forbindelseskombinasj on blandet med de angitte mengder av oppløsningsmiddelet og emulgator, og konsentratet ble fortynnet med vann til ønsket konsentrasjon.
For å teste med henblikk på kurativ aktivitet ble unge planter sprayet med en conidie-suspensjon av Pyrenophora teres. Plantene forble i et inkuberingskammer ved 20°C og 100% relativ fuktighet i 48 timer. Plantene ble så sprayet med preparatet av aktiv forbindelse i angitt anvendelsesmengde.
Plantene anbriges i et drivhus ved en temperatur på rundt 20°C og en relativ atmosfærisk fuktighet på rundt 80%.
Evalueringen gjennomføres 12 dager etter inokulering. 0% betyr en effektivitet som tilsvarer den til kontrollen, mens en effektivitet på 100% betyr at ingen infeksjon påvises.
Tabellen nedenfor viser klart at aktiviteten som finnes for den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen er høyere enn en beregnet aktivitet, dvs. at det foreligger en synergistisk effekt.
Eksempel B (sammenlikningseksempel)
Erysiphe test (bygg) / besk<y>ttende
Oppløsningsmiddel: 50 vektdeler N,N-dimetylacetamid Emulgator: 1 vektdel alkylarylpolyglykoleter
For å gi et egnet preparat av aktiv forbindelse ble 1 vektdel aktiv forbindelse eller aktiv forbindelseskombinasj on blandet med de angitte mengder av oppløsningsmiddel og emulgator, og konsentratet ble fortynnet med vann til ønsket konsentrasjon.
For å teste den beskyttende aktiviteten ble unge planter sprayet med preparat av aktiv forbindelse i den angitte påføringsmengde. Etter at spraybelegningen var tørket ble plantene bestrødd med sporer av Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei.
Plantene ble anbrakt i et drivhus ved temperatur rundt 20°C og en relativ atmosfærisk fuktighet på rundt 80% ble innstilt for å fremme utvikling av meldugg pustuler.
Evalueringen ble gjennomført 6 dager etter inokulering. 0% betyr en effektivitet som tilsvarer den til kontroll mens en effektivitet på 100% betyr at ingen infeksjon observeres.
Tabellen nedenfor viser klart at den aktivitet som finnes for den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen er høyere enn den beregnede aktivitet, dvs. det er tilstede en synergistisk effekt.
Eksempel C (sammenlikningseksempel)
Puccina test (hvete) / kurativ
Oppløsningsmiddel: 50 vektdeler N,N-dimetylacetamid Emulgator: 1 vektdel alkylarylpolyglykoleter
For å gi et egnet preparat av aktiv forbindelse ble 1 vektdel aktiv forbindelse blandet med de angitte mengder av oppløsningsmiddel og emulgator, og konsentratet ble fortynnet med vann til ønsket konsentrasjon.
For å teste den kurative aktivitet ble unge planter sprayet med en konidiasuspensjon av Puccinia recondita. Plantene ble forble i et inkuberingskammer ved 20°C og 100% relativ fuktighet i 48 timer.
Plantene ble så sprayet med preparatet av aktiv forbindelse i de angitte mengder.
Plantene ble anbrakt i et drivhus ved temperaturen 20°C og en relativ fuktighet på rundt 80% for å gi utvikling av rustpustuler.
Evalueringen ble gjennomført 8 dager etter inokulering. 0% betyr en effektivitet som tilsvarer den til kontrollen, mens en effektivitet på 100% betyr at ingen infeksjon observeres.
Tabellen nedenfor viser klart at aktiviteten som ble funnet for den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen er høyere enn den beregnede aktivitet, dvs. at det er tilstede en synergistisk effekt.
Eksempel D (sammenlikningseksempel)
Gibberella zeae test (bygg) / kurativ
Oppløsningsmiddel: 50 vektdeler N,N-dimetylacetamid Emulgator: 1 vektdel alkylarylpolyglykoleter
For å fremstille et egnet preparat av aktiv forbindelse ble 1 vektdel aktiv forbindelse blandet med de angitte mengder av oppløsningsmiddel og emulgator, og konsentratet ble fortynnet med vann til ønsket konsentrasjon.
For å teste den kurative aktivitet ble unge planter sprayet med en kondidiasuspensjon av Gibberella zeae. Plantene forble i et inkuberingskammer ved 22°C og 100% relativ fuktighet i 24 timer. Plantene ble så besprayet med preparatet av aktiv forbindelse i angitte mengder. Etter at spraybelegningen var tørket forble plantene i et drivhus under gjennomskinnelige inkuberingshetter ved en temperatur ved 22°C og en relativ fuktighet på rundt 100%.
Evalueringen ble gjennomført 6 dager etter inokuleringen. 0% betyr en effektivitet som tilsvarer den til kontrollen, mens en effektivitet på 100% betyr at ingen infeksjon observeres.
Tabellen nedenfor viser klart at aktiviteten som ble funnet for den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen er høyere enn den beregnede aktivitet, dvs. at det er tilstede en synergistisk effekt.
Eksempel E (sammenlikningseksempel)
Sphaerotheca fuliginea test (agurk) / beskyttende
Oppløsningsmidler: 24,5 vektdeler aceton
25,5 vektdeler dimetylacetamid
Emulgator: 1 vektdel alkylarylpolyglykoleter
For å gi et egnet preparat av aktiv forbindelse blandes 1 vektdel aktiv forbindelse med de angitte mengder av oppløsningsmiddel og emulgator, og konsentratet fortynnes med vann til ønsket konsentrasjon.
For å teste den beskyttende aktivitet ble unge planter sprayet med preparater av aktiv forbindelse ved de angitte påføringsmengder. Etter at spraybelegget var tørket, ble plantene inokulert med en vandig sporesuspensjon av Sphaerotheca fuliginea.
Plantene ble så anbrakt i et drivhus ved rundt 23°C og en relativ atmosfærisk fuktighet på rundt 70%.
Evalueringen ble gjennomført 7 dager etter inokuleringen. 0% betyr en effektivitet som tilsvarer den til kontrollen, mens en effektivitet på 100% betyr at ingen infeksjon observeres.
Tabellen nedenfor viser klart at aktiviteten som finnes for den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen er høyere enn for den beregnede aktivitet, dvs. at det er tilstede en synergistisk effekt.
Eksempel F (sammenlikningseksempel)
Alternaria solani test (tomat) / beskyttende
Oppløsningsmidler: 24,5 vektdeler aceton
25,5 vektdeler dimetylacetamid
Emulgator: 1 vektdel alkylarylpolyglykoleter
For å gi et egnet preparat av aktiv forbindelse ble 1 vektdel aktiv forbindelse blandet med de angitte mengder av oppløsningsmiddel og emulgator, og konsentratet fortynnet med vann til ønsket konsentrasjon.
For å teste den beskyttende aktivitet ble unge planter sprayet med preparater av aktiv forbindelse i den angitte mengde. Etter at spraybelegget var tørket, ble plantene inokulert med en vandig sporesuspensjon av Alternaria solani.
Plantene ble så anbrakt i et inkuberingskammer ved rundt 23°C og 100% relativ fuktighet.
Evalueringen ble gjennomført 3 dager etter inokuleringen. 0% betyr en effektivitet som tilsvarer den til kontrollen, mens en effektivitet på 100% betyr at ingen infeksjon observeres.
Tabellen nedenfor viser klart at aktiviteten som finnes for den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen er høyere enn for den beregnede aktivitet, dvs. at det er tilstede en synergistisk effekt.
Eksempel G (sammenlikningseksempel)
Phytophthora infestans test (tomat) / beskyttende
Oppløsningsmidler: 24,5 vektdeler aceton
25,5 vektdeler dimetylacetamid
Emulgator: 1 vektdel alkylarylpolyglykoleter
For å fremstille et nytt egnet preparat av aktiv forbindelse ble 1 vektdel aktiv forbindelse blandet med de angitte mengder av oppløsningsmiddel og emulgator, og konsentratet fortynnet med vann til ønsket konsentrasjon.
For å teste den beskyttende aktivitet ble unge planter sprayet med preparater av aktiv forbindelse i den angitte mengde. Etter at spraybelegget var tørket, ble plantene inokulert med en vandig sporesuspensjon av Phytophthora infestans. Platene ble så anbrakt i et inkuberingskammer ved rundt 20°C og 100% relativ fuktighet.
Evalueringen ble gjennomført 3 dager etter inokuleringen. 0% betyr en effektivitet som tilsvarer den til kontrollen, mens en effektivitet på 100% betyr at ingen infeksjon observeres.
Tabellen nedenfor viser klart at aktiviteten som finnes for den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen er høyere enn for den beregnede aktivitet, dvs. at det er tilstede en synergistisk effekt.
Eksempel H (sammenlikningseksempel)
Botrytis cinerea test (bønner) / beskyttende
Oppløsningsmidler: 24,5 vektdeler aceton
25,5 vektdeler dimetylacetamid
Emulgator: 1 vektdel alkylarylpolyglykoleter
For å gi et egnet preparat av aktiv forbindelse ble 1 vektdel aktiv forbindelse blandet med de angitte mengder av oppløsningsmiddel og emulgator, og konsentratet fortynnet med vann til ønsket konsentrasjon.
For å teste den beskyttende eller protektive aktivitet ble unge planter sprayet med preparater av aktiv forbindelse i de angitte mengder. Etter at spraybelegget var tørket, ble to små stykker av agar, kolonisert med Botrytis cinerea anbrakt på hvert blad. De inokulerte planter ble anbrakt i et mørkt kammer ved rundt 20°C og 100% relativ fuktighet.
Størrelsen av de infiserte områder på bladene ble evaluert 2 dager etter inokuleringen. 0% betyr en effektivitet som tilsvarer den til kontrollen, mens en effektivitet på 100% betyr at ingen infeksjon observeres.
Tabellen nedenfor viser klart at aktiviteten som finnes for den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen er høyere enn for den beregnede aktivitet, dvs. at det er tilstede en synergistisk effekt.
Eksempel I (sammenlikningseksempel)
Alternaria mali test (in vitro) / mikrotiter plater
Mikrotesten gjennomføres i mikrotiterplater ved bruk av potetdekstrosebuljong (PDB) som flytende testmedium. De aktive forbindelsene benyttes som en teknisk kvalitet a.i., oppløst i aceton.
For inokulering benyttes det en sporesuspensjon av Alternaria mali. Etter 5 dagers inkubering i mørke og etter risting (10 Hz) ble lystransmittansen for hver fylte kavitet i mikrotiterplatene bestemt ved hjelp av et spektrofotometer.
0% betyr en effektivitet som tilsvarerer veksten i kontrollene, mens en effektivitet på 100% betyr at ingen fungal vekst observeres.
Tabellen nedenfor viser klart at aktiviteten som finnes for den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen er høyere enn for den beregnede aktivitet, dvs. at det er tilstede en synergistisk effekt.
Eksempel J (sammenlikningseksempel)
Rhizoctonia solani test (in vitro) / mikrotiter plater
Mikrotesten gjennomføres i mikrotiterplater ved bruk av potetdekstrosebuljong (PDB) som flytende testmedium. De aktive forbindelsene benyttes som teknisk kvalitet a.i., oppløst i aceton.
For inokulering benyttes det en myceliumsuspensjon av Rhizoctonia solani. Etter 5 dagers inkubering i mørke og etter risting (10 Hz) ble for hver fylte kavitet i mikrotiterplatene transmittansen bestemt ved hjelp av et spektrofotometer.
0% betyr en effektivitet som tilsvarerer veksten i kontrollene, mens en effektivitet på 100% betyr at ingen soppvekst observeres.
Tabellen nedenfor viser klart at aktiviteten som finnes for den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen er høyere enn for den beregnede aktivitet, dvs. at det er tilstede en synergistisk effekt.
Eksempel K (sammenlikningseksempel)
Septoria tritici test (in vitro) / mikrotiter plater
Mikrotesten gjennomføres i mikrotiterplater ved bruk av potetdekstrosebuljong (PDB) som flytende testmedium. De aktive forbindelsene benyttes som teknisk kvalitet a.i., oppløst i aceton.
For inokulering benyttes det en sporesuspensjon av Septoria tritici. Etter 7 dagers inkubering i mørke og etter risting (10 Hz) ble for hver fylte kavitet i mikrotiterplatene lystransmittansen bestemt ved hjelp av et spektrofotometer.
0% betyr en effektivitet som tilsvarerer veksten i kontrollene, mens en effektivitet på 100% betyr at ingen fungal vekst observeres.
Tabellen nedenfor viser klart at aktiviteten som finnes for den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen er høyere enn for den beregnede aktivitet, dvs. at det er tilstede en synergistisk effekt.
Eksempel L (sammenlikningseksempel)
Sphaerotheca fuliginea test (gerkin = sylteagurk) / beskyttende For å fremstille egnede preparater av aktiv forbindelse ble substansen for testing homogenisert i blanding aceton:Tween:vann. Suspensjonen fortynnes deretter med vann til ønsket konsentrasjon.
Sylteagurkplanter (Vert petit de Paris cultivar) settes opp i startskåler på 50:50 torvjord:pozzolanajordsubstrat og dyrkes ved 20-23°C. På 2-bladstrinnet sprayes plantene med preparatet av aktiv forbindelse i de anvendte påføringsmengder.
For å teste den beskyttende aktivitet blir plantene etter 24 timer sprayet med en vandig sporesuspensjon av Sphaerotheca fuliginea (100 000 sporer/ml). Plantene ble så holdt ved 20-25°C og 60-70% relativ fuktighet.
Evalueringen ble gjennomført 21 dager etter inokulering. 0% betyr en effektivitet som tilsvarerer veksten i kontrollene, mens en effektivitet på 100% betyr at ingen infeksjon observeres.
Tabellen nedenfor viser klart at aktiviteten som finnes for den aktive forbindelseskombinasj onen er høyere enn for den beregnede aktivitet, dvs. at det er tilstede en synergistisk effekt.
Claims (4)
1.
Synergistiske, fungicidisk aktive kombinasjoner av aktive stoffer, omfattende karboksamidet (1 -1) N-( 3' ,4' -diklor-5-fluor-1,1' -bifenyl-2-yl)-3 -(difluormetyl)-1 -metyl-li/-pyrazol-4-karboksamid (gruppe 1) og minst et triazol, valgt fra gruppen bestående av
(3-3) propikonazol,
(3-6) cyprokonazol,
(3-12) epoksikonazol,
(3-15) protiokonazol,
(3-17) tebukonazol,
(3-19) metkonazol og
(3-21) bitertanol.
2.
Anvendelse av kombinasjoner av aktive stoffer ifølge krav 1, for bekjempelse av uønskede fytopatogeniske fungi.
3.
Fremgangsmåte for å bekjempe uønskede fytopatogeniske fungi, hvorved kombinasjonene av aktive forbindelser ifølge krav 1 påføres på de uønskede fytopatogeniske fungi og/eller deres habitat.
4.
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av fungicide sammensetninger, hvorved kombinasjonen av aktive forbindelser ifølge krav 1 blandes med drøyemidler og/eller surfaktanter.
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PCT/EP2004/010830 WO2005034628A1 (de) | 2003-10-10 | 2004-09-28 | Synergistische fungizide wirkstoffkombinationen |
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