KR20050021019A - 중공 섬유 멤브레인 모듈에서 무결성 손실 효과를최소화하는 방법 - Google Patents
중공 섬유 멤브레인 모듈에서 무결성 손실 효과를최소화하는 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101100298225 Caenorhabditis elegans pot-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100298222 Caenorhabditis elegans pot-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101710112672 Probable tape measure protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710204224 Tape measure protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
- B01D63/022—Encapsulating hollow fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
- B01D65/104—Detection of leaks in membrane apparatus or modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
Abstract
중공 섬유 멤브레인 모듈에서 무결성 손실의 효과를 감소시키기 위한 방법 및 장치이며, 상기 모듈은 복수의 중공 섬유 멤브레인(5)을 포함하고, 상기 멤브레인(5)의 적어도 일단부는 포트(6) 내에서 지지되고, 상기 방법은 포트(6) 구역의 섬유 멤브레인(5)의 루멘(8)을 통한 액체의 유동 저항을 증가시키는 단계를 포함한다.
Description
본 발명은 멤브레인 여과 시스템에 관한 것이고, 특히 멤브레인 무결성 손실(integrity loss)이 여과 성능의 저하로 이어지는 복수의 다공성 중공 섬유 멤브레인을 사용하는 시스템에 관한 것이다.
도1에 도시된 일반적인 중공 섬유 멤브레인 모듈을 고려하기로 한다. 상기 모듈은 길이(L)를 갖는 포트(6)내에 적어도 일단부가 수용된 복수의 중공 섬유 멤브레인(5)으로 구성된다. 개개의 섬유로부터의 유동을 계산하기 위해, TMP(멤브레인간 압력 P1-P2)가 유동 Q를 주도록 전체 모듈 저항(R)에 걸쳐 작용하는 것으로 고려한다.
TMP/R ∝ Q (일정한 온도에서)
이러한 일반적인 모델에서, 저항은 다음과 같이 나눌 수 있다.
R = Rm + Rpot
그리고 Qi ∝ TMP/(Rm + Rpot)
여기서, Qi는 완전한 섬유의 상부로부터 출현하는 유동이고, Rm 은 모듈 저항이고, Rpot 는 포트에 걸친 저항이다.
Rm이 섬유의 길이에 따라 변하지만, 여기서는 Rm이 일정(일종의 평균)하다고 가정한다.
섬유가 상부 포트에서 파단되는 경우를 고려하기로 한다(여과 바이패스에서 최악의 경우임). 이러한 경우에,
Rm = 0
그리고 Qb ∝ TMP/Rpot
여기서, Qb는 파단된 섬유의 상부로부터 출현하는 여과액 유동이다.
파단된 섬유 하부 유동에 대한 완전한 섬유 하부 유동의 비는 다음과 같이 계산된다.
= Qb/Qi = (Rm + Rpot)/Rpot
= 1 + Rm/Rpot
일반적인 경우, Rm >> Rpot - 일반적으로 20. 따라서, 파단된 섬유는 상당한 공급량이 여과액을 오염시키게 하고 여과 성능을 저하시키는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한, d가 루멘 직경이고, L이 포트 길이인 경우에, 섬유의 내경을 증가시키는 것은 일반적으로 Rpot ∝ L/d4 으로서 문제를 매우 악화시킨다.
따라서, 파단된 섬유로부터의 여과액 유동을 감소시키는 것이 바람직하다. (예를 들어, L을 증가시키거나 d를 감소시킴으로써) Rpot를 증가시키는 경우를 고려하자. Qb/Qi 의 한계는 1이 된다. 이는 매우 바람직한 결과다. 포트의 길이를 증가시키는 것은 다른 방법에서는 바람직하지 않다. 이는 모듈의 길이, 모듈 및 공정의 비용을 증가시킨다. 다른 선택은 포트내의 섬유의 내경을 감소시키는 것이다.
본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 단지 예로써 기술하기로 한다.
도1은 완전한 섬유 및 파단된 섬유를 구비한 일반적인 중공 섬유 멤브레인의 개략적인 입단면도이다.
도2는 포트 표면에 추가의 다공성층을 갖는 도1과 유사한 도면이다.
도3의 A 내지 K는 본 발명의 다양한 실시예의 개략적인 확대 입단면도이다.
도4는
본 발명의 목적은 중공 섬유 멤브레인 여과 시스템에서 무결성 손실과 관련된 종래 기술의 문제를 극복 또는 적어도 개선하거나, 적어도 유용한 선택을 제공하는 것이다.
일 태양에 따르면, 본 발명은 적어도 그 일단부가 포트 내에 지지되는 복수의 중공 섬유 멤브레인을 포함하는 중공 섬유 멤브레인 모듈에서 무결성 손실의 효과를 감소시키는 방법을 제공하는 것이고, 상기 방법은 포트 구역 내의 섬유 멤브레인의 루멘을 통한 액체의 유동 저항을 증가시키는 단계를 포함한다.
바람직하게는, 유동 저항을 증가시키는 단계는 포트 구역 내의 섬유 루멘의 내부 단면적을 감소시켜 이루어진다. 바람직하게는, 유동 저항을 증가시키는 단계는 포트 구역 내의 섬유 루멘의 유동 경로에 다공성층을 위치시킴으로써 이루어진다.
제2 태양에 따르면, 본 발명은 포트 내의 적어도 일단부에서 지지된 복수의 중공 섬유 멤브레인을 포함하고 상기 포트 구역 내의 상기 섬유 멤브레인의 루멘에 유동 저항 수단을 갖는 중공 섬유 멤브레인을 제공한다.
바람직하게는, 유동 저항 수단은 포트 구역 내의 섬유 루멘의 내부 단면적을 감소시키기 위한 수단을 포함한다.
도2를 참조하면, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예가 도시된다. 소결층 또는 다공성층(10)이 포트에 대한 추가의 일련의 저항 Rpot2을 제공하도록 포트(6)의 상부에 위치된다. 즉,
Rpot = Rpot1 + Rpot2
적절한 소결체(10)는 미크론 치수의 개구를 가질 수 있고 단지 수 mm의 두께를 갖는다. 이러한 방법은 Qb/Qi를 10 인자만큼 감소시킬 수 있다.
이러한 배열은 바이오-리액터(bio-reactor)의 멤브레인 필터 시스템에서 사용될 때 추가의 이점을 제공한다. 바이오 리액터에 많은 고체 공급은 슬러지가 필터를 실질적으로 막히게 하고 파단된 섬유를 완전히 자가 밀봉시킨다.
이는 소결체를 중공 섬유 멤브레인과 동일한 크기의 구멍을 갖는 멤브레인으로 교체하고 낮은 고체 공급에서도 이러한 자가 막힘 능력의 달성을 가능하게 함으로써 일반적인 경우에까지 확장될 수 있다.
소결체 또는 멤브레인(10)의 여분의 저항은 모듈 여과액 유동을 유지시키기 위한 여분의 압력을 필요로 하지만, 이는 단지 멤브레인 상의 압축성 오염물층에 걸쳐서가 아니라 포트 조립체 전체에서 작동하므로 멤브레인 공정 작동 효율이 아닌 작동 비용인 것이 명백하다.
이러한 멤브레인 소결체의 오염은 염소 또는 다른 적절한 세척제에 의한 정기적인 화학적 세척류에 의해 감소될 수 있다.
멤브레인/소결체(10)는 여과액/공급 바이패스의 측부 유동을 방지하기 위해 포트(6)와 긴밀하게 접촉하는 것이 바람직하다. 이는 또한 교체 가능한 소결체/멤브레인 요소로 달성될 수 있다.
큰 구멍측이 포트(6)와 접촉하는 매우 비대칭의 멤브레인(10)(그래서, 정상적인 여과액 유동에서, 여과액이 구멍 크기가 감소되는 방향으로 유동한다)이 바람직하다.
도3의 B 내지 K에 도시된 바와 같이, 포트 유동 저항을 증가시키기 위해 다양한 방법이 사용될 수 있다.
도3의 A를 참조하면, 변형이 없는 정상 포트(6)가 도시된다. 도3의 B는 포트 유동 저항을 증가시키지만 다른 단점을 갖는 증가된 길이의 포트(6)를 도시한다.
도3의 C는 섬유(5)와 포트(6) 사이의 계면(8)에 인접하여 비다공성 피막(7)을 갖는 섬유(5)를 제공하는 것을 도시한다. 이는 섬유-포트 계면으로부터 이격되게 섬유 파단점을 이동시키면서 포트 유동 저항을 증가시킨다.
도3의 D 및 E는 포트(6)에 의해 포위된 구역의 섬유 루멘(8)의 내부면(11)의 일부 또는 전부에 적용된 재료층(9)을 사용하여 섬유 루멘(8)의 내경을 감소시켜 유동을 감소시키는 다른 방법을 도시하고 있다.
이러한 층(9)을 제공하는 한가지 방법은 이러한 지점에서 섬유 루멘(8)의 직경을 효과적으로 감소시키는 얇은 재료층으로 포트(6) 단부 근처의 루멘(8)의 내측을 코팅하는 것이다. 이는 섬유 루멘(8)의 단부 내로 에폭시와 같은 재료를 흘린 후, 상기 재료가 경화되기 전에 재료가 다시 미끄러지게 하고, 내부 섬유 루멘 벽(12) 상에 얇은 피막(9)을 남긴 후 시간을 경과시켜 얻어진다.
도3의 F에 도시된 실시예는 개구(14)에 인접하는 섬유 루멘(8)의 직경을 포트(6)로부터 감소시키기 위해 적절한 그라우트(grout) 재료(13)를 사용하여 포트의 표면을 칠하는 단계를 도시한다.
도3의 G는 포트(6) 구역 내의 루멘(8)의 단면적을 감소시키기 위해 포트(6) 구역의 섬유 루멘(8)의 단부 내로 중공 환형부(15), 예를 들어, 중공 핀을 삽입하는 것을 도시한다.
도3의 H는 도2의 실시예에 또한 도시된 바와 같이 루멘 개구(14)를 가로질러 다공성 재료층(10)을 사용하는 것을 도시한다.
도3의 I는 마개(16)를 형성하도록 루멘 개구(14) 내로 다공성 재료가 가압되는 실시예를 도시한다. 이는 섬유 루멘 개구(14) 내로 개구를 가로질러 다공성 그라우트를 칠해서 달성된다. 또한, 이는 포트(6) 구역의 섬유 루멘의 유동 저항을 감소시킨다.
도3의 J는 포팅 재료(potting material)를 팽창시키거나 섬유 단부를 제한함으로써 섬유 루멘(8)이 포트(6)의 구역 내에서 좁아지는 본 발명의 실시예를 도시한다.
도3의 K는 포팅 전에 섬유 루멘 단부가 좁아지는 실시예를 도시하고 있다.
도4는 본 발명의 작용을 설명하기 위해 2개의 모듈 상에서 수행된 테스트 결과를 도시하고 있다. 2개의 모듈(A, B)이 테스트에서 사용되었다. 각각의 모듈에서, 하나의 중공 섬유 멤브레인이 포트 내로 넣어졌다. 포트 내에 있지 않은 섬유의 단부는 밀봉되었다. 스텐레스 스틸 메쉬는 도2 및 도3의 H에 도시된 실시예와 유사한 방식으로 여과 동안 공급 바이패스의 측방향 유동을 방지하는 방식으로 포트들 중 하나의 상부에 접착된다. 메쉬는 51미크론의 개구를 갖고 56미크론의 두께를 갖는다. 2개의 모듈의 특성이 표1에 도시된다.
표1 : 모듈의 특성
이름 | 포트 길이Lp(mm) | 섬유 길이Lf(mm) | 다른 특성 |
모듈 A | 56 | 202 | 없음 |
모듈 B | 53 | 205 | 메쉬가 포트 상에 접착됨 |
먼저, 공급수는 35분 동안 모듈 A를 통해 여과되었다. 이러한 여과 동안, 멤브레인간 압력(TMP)이 측정되었다. 그후, 모듈 A의 섬유는 가능한 한 포트에 가깝게 절단되고, 모듈 A는 추가로 35분 동안 동일한 공급수를 여과했다. 이러한 여과 동안, 멤브레인간 압력(TMP)이 측정되었다. 동일한 공급수를 사용하여 동일한 테스트가 모듈 B에서도 실시되었다.
도4에 도시된 그래프는 섬유가 절단되기 전후의 2번의 여과 동안 모듈 A와 B의 TMP를 비교한다. 그래프의 제1 부분은 2개의 곡선이 매우 유사하다는 것을 보여준다. 특히, 2개의 모듈의 TMP는 동일한 비율로 증가된다. 모듈의 섬유는 비슷한 속도로 더러워진다. 2개의 모듈 사이의 TMP 차이가 작은 것은 작은 여분의 저항을 유동에 추가하는 모듈 B상의 메쉬에 기인한다. 모듈의 섬유가 절단된 후 그래프의 제2 부분은, 모듈 A와 B의 TMP가 매우 다른 방식으로 전개되는 것을 보여준다. 모듈 A의 TMP는 낮은 정도로 남아 있는 반면, 모듈 B의 TMP는 급격히 증가되어, 메쉬가 공급 오염물에 의해 차단된 것을 보여준다.
이러한 테스트는 무결성 손실의 감소가 관계되는 메쉬의 효율을 보여준다. 모듈에 메쉬를 추가함으로써, 절단 섬유는 그 자체로 신속하게 밀봉되어, 공급물이 여과액을 오염시키는 것을 방지한다.
매우 다양한 수많은 기술이 포트 구역에서 섬유 루멘 내의 유동을 감소시키기 위해 사용되고, 이러한 기술이 상술한 본 발명의 범위 내에 있음은 당업자에게 명백하다. 또한, 본 발명의 다른 실시예 및 예시가 상술한 본 발명의 기술사상 또는 범위에서 벗어나지 않고 가능함을 이해할 수 있다.
Claims (15)
- 적어도 그 일단부가 포트 내에 지지되는 복수의 중공 섬유 멤브레인을 포함하는 중공 섬유 멤브레인 모듈에서 무결성 손실 효과를 감소시키는 방법이며,포트 구역의 섬유 멤브레인의 루멘을 통한 액체의 유동 저항을 증가시키는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 유동 저항을 증가시키는 단계는 포트 구역 내의 섬유 루멘의 내부 단면적을 감소시켜 이루어지는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 유동 저항을 증가시키는 단계는 포트 구역 내의 섬유 루멘의 유동 경로에 다공성층을 위치시켜 이루어지는 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 섬유 루멘의 내부 단면적을 감소시키는 단계는 포트의 구역 내의 섬유 루멘의 내부 표면의 일부 또는 전부에 피막을 도포하여 이루어지는 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 섬유 루멘의 내부 단면적을 감소시키는 단계는 섬유 루멘 구역 내의 포트 표면을 그라우트 재료로 칠해서 이루어지는 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 섬유 루멘의 내부 단면적을 감소시키는 단계는 중공 환형부를 포트 구역 내의 섬유 루멘으로 삽입하여 이루어지는 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 섬유 루멘의 내부 단면적을 감소시키는 단계는 포트 구역 내의 섬유 루멘의 단부를 제한하여 이루어지는 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 제한은 포트를 형성하도록 사용되는 재료를 팽창시켜 이루어지는 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 섬유 루멘의 내부 단면적을 감소시키는 단계는 섬유 루멘의 단부를 포트의 구역 내에 다공성 재료로 막아서 이루어지는 방법.
- 포트의 적어도 일단부에서 지지되는 복수의 중공 섬유 멤브레인을 포함하고, 상기 포트 구역의 상기 섬유 멤브레인의 루멘 내에 유동 저항 수단을 갖는 중공 섬유 멤브레인 모듈.
- 제10항에 있어서, 유동 저항 수단은 포트 구역 내의 섬유 루멘의 내부 단면적을 감소시키기 위한 수단을 포함하는 중공 섬유 멤브레인 모듈.
- 제10항에 있어서, 유동 저항 수단은 포트 구역 내의 섬유 루멘의 유동 경로에 다공성층을 포함하는 중공 섬유 멤브레인 모듈.
- 제10항에 있어서, 유동 저항 수단은 포트 구역 내의 섬유 루멘의 내부 표면의 일부 또는 전부에 도포된 피막을 포함하는 중공 섬유 멤브레인 모듈.
- 제10항에 있어서, 유동 저항 수단은 섬유 루멘의 구역 내의 포트 표면에 칠해진 그라우트 재료를 포함하는 중공 섬유 멤브레인 모듈.
- 제10항에 있어서, 유동 저항 수단은 포트 구역 내의 섬유 루멘 내로 삽입된 중공 환형부를 포함하는 중공 섬유 멤브레인 모듈.
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- 2003-06-17 WO PCT/AU2003/000755 patent/WO2003106004A1/en active Application Filing
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EP1517742A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
ATE477044T1 (de) | 2010-08-15 |
DE60333755D1 (de) | 2010-09-23 |
IN2004DE03959A (ko) | 2009-12-04 |
CN100503018C (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
AU2003232518B2 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
CA2488895A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
EP1517742A4 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
CN1662295A (zh) | 2005-08-31 |
US7344645B2 (en) | 2008-03-18 |
US20080179249A1 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
AU2003232518A1 (en) | 2003-12-31 |
US20050145556A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
US8182687B2 (en) | 2012-05-22 |
US20060266706A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
WO2003106004A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
US7160463B2 (en) | 2007-01-09 |
EP1517742B1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
NZ537063A (en) | 2006-12-22 |
KR100977323B1 (ko) | 2010-08-20 |
JP2005529731A (ja) | 2005-10-06 |
JP4167222B2 (ja) | 2008-10-15 |
AUPS300602A0 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
CA2488895C (en) | 2012-07-10 |
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