KR101912143B1 - 시클로알킬 피리딜기를 갖는 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류 및 그 화합물을 함유하는 농원예용 살충제 및 그 사용 방법 - Google Patents
시클로알킬 피리딜기를 갖는 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류 및 그 화합물을 함유하는 농원예용 살충제 및 그 사용 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101912143B1 KR101912143B1 KR1020177017866A KR20177017866A KR101912143B1 KR 101912143 B1 KR101912143 B1 KR 101912143B1 KR 1020177017866 A KR1020177017866 A KR 1020177017866A KR 20177017866 A KR20177017866 A KR 20177017866A KR 101912143 B1 KR101912143 B1 KR 101912143B1
- Authority
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- group
- halo
- alkyl
- acid
- alkyl group
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
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- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 56
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- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 78
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- 125000006700 (C1-C6) alkylthio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004454 (C1-C6) alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004738 (C1-C6) alkyl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004916 (C1-C6) alkylcarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004457 alkyl amino carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004644 alkyl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 18
- 125000004890 (C1-C6) alkylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 36
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- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 32
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 31
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- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 21
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- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 17
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- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 13
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
- C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
- A01N43/52—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
- A01N43/76—1,3-Oxazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-oxazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
- A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
- A61P33/14—Ectoparasiticides, e.g. scabicides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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Abstract
농업 및 원예 등의 작물 생산에 있어서, 해충 등에 의한 피해가 여전히 크다는 점에서, 기존약에 대한 저항성 해충의 발생 등의 요인으로부터 신규 농원예용 살충제를 개발하여, 이를 제공하는 것을 과제로 한다.
[식 1]
{상기 식 중, R1은 에틸기를 나타내며, R2는, 시클로알킬기를 나타내며, R3은 할로알킬기를 나타내며, A, A2, 및 A3은 질소원자 또는 CH기를 나타내며, A1은, N-Me를 나타내고, m은 0, 또는 2를 나타내며, n은 1을 나타낸다}로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류, 이를 유효 성분으로 하는 농원예용 살충제 및 그 사용 방법을 제공한다.
[식 1]
{상기 식 중, R1은 에틸기를 나타내며, R2는, 시클로알킬기를 나타내며, R3은 할로알킬기를 나타내며, A, A2, 및 A3은 질소원자 또는 CH기를 나타내며, A1은, N-Me를 나타내고, m은 0, 또는 2를 나타내며, n은 1을 나타낸다}로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류, 이를 유효 성분으로 하는 농원예용 살충제 및 그 사용 방법을 제공한다.
Description
본 발명은, 시클로알킬 피리딜기를 갖는 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류를 유효 성분으로 하는 농원예용 살충제 및 그 사용 방법에 관한 것이다.
지금까지 농원예용 살충제로서 여러 가지 화합물이 검토되고 있으며, 어떤 종류의 축합 복소환 화합물이 살충제로서 유용하다는 것이 보고되고 있다(예를 들면 특허문헌 1~7 참조). 해당 문헌 중에는, 시클로알킬 피리딜기가 축합 복소환과 결합한 화합물은 일절 개시되어 있지 않다.
농업 및 원예 등의 작물 생산에 있어서, 해충 등에 의한 피해는 여전히 크고, 기존 약에 대한 저항성 해충의 발생 등의 요인으로 인해 신규 농원예용 살충제의 개발이 요구된다.
본 발명자들은 상기 과제를 해결하기 위해 검토한 결과, 일반식(1)으로 나타낸 시클로알킬 피리딜기 등을 갖는 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류가 농원예용 해충에 대해 우수한 방제 효과를 갖는 것을 발견하여, 본 발명에 이르렀다.
즉, 본 발명은,
[1] 화학식 1로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류:
{식 중, R1은,
(a1) (C1-C6)알킬기;
(a2) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기;
(a3) (C2-C6)알케닐기; 또는
(a4) (C2-C6)알키닐기; 를 나타내고,
R2는,
(b1) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기;
(b2) (C3-C6)시클로알킬(C1-C6)알킬기;
(b3) 할로(C3-C6)시클로알킬(C1-C6)알킬기;
(b4) (C1-C6)알킬티오기; 또는
(b5) 동일하거나 상이할 수 있으며,
(a) 할로겐원자,
(b) 시아노기,
(c) 시아노(C1-C6)알킬기,
(d) 포르밀기,
(e) 히드록시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(f) 할로(C1-C6)알킬기,
(g) (C1-C6)알콕시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(h) 할로(C1-C6)알콕시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(i) (C3-C6)시클로알킬(C1-C6)알콕시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(j) (C1-C6)알킬티오(C1-C6)알킬기,
(k) (C1-C6)알킬설피닐(C1-C6)알킬기,
(l) (C1-C6)알킬설포닐(C1-C6)알킬기,
(m) (C1-C6)알킬카보닐기,
(n) 카복실기,
(o) (C1-C6)알콕시카보닐기,
(p) 할로(C1-C6)알콕시카보닐기,
(q) (C3-C6)시클로알킬(C1-C6)알콕시카보닐기,
(r) (C1-C6)알킬카보닐옥시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(s) (C3-C6)시클로알킬카보닐옥시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(t) (C1-C6)알콕시카보닐옥시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(u) R5(R6)N기(식 중, R5 및 R6은, 동일하거나 상이할 수 있으며
수소원자, (C1-C6)알킬기, (C3-C6)시클로알킬기, (C3-C6)시클로알킬(C1-C6)알킬기, 할로(C1-C6)알킬기, (C1-C6)알킬카보닐기, (C1-C6)알콕시카보닐기, 또는 디(C1-C6)알킬아미노카보닐기(여기서, 디(C1-C6)알킬아미노의 알킬기는 동일하거나 상이할 수 있다)를 나타낸다);
(v) R5(R6)N(C1-C6)알킬기(식 중, R5 및 R6은, 상기와 같다)
(w) R5(R6)N카보닐기(식 중, R5 및 R6은, 상기와 같다)
(x) R5(R6)N카보닐옥시(C1-C6)알킬기, (식 중, R5 및 R6은, 상기와 같다) 및
(y) C(R5)=NOR6기(식 중, R5 및 R6은 상기와 같다); 에서 선택되는 1~2의 치환기를 환상에 갖는(C3-C6)시클로알킬기; 를 나타내고,
R3은,
(c1) 할로겐원자;
(c2) 시아노기;
(c3) 니트로기;
(c4) (C1-C6)알킬기;
(c5) (C1-C6)알콕시기;
(c6) (C2-C6)알케닐옥시기;
(c7) (C2-C6)알키닐옥시기;
(c8) 할로(C1-C6)알킬기;
(c9) 할로(C1-C6)알콕시기;
(c10) 할로(C2-C6)알케닐옥시기;
(c11) 할로(C2-C6)알키닐옥시기;
(c12) (C1-C6)알킬티오기;
(c13) (C1-C6)알킬설피닐기;
(c14) (C1-C6)알킬설포닐기;
(c15) 할로(C1-C6)알킬티오기;
(c16) 할로(C1-C6)알킬설피닐기 또는
(c17) 할로(C1-C6)알킬설포닐기를 나타내고,
A, A2 및 A3은, CH, 또는 질소원자를 나타내며,
A1은, O, S, 또는 N-R4를 나타내고(여기서 R4는,
(d1) (C1-C6)알킬기;
(d2) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기;
(d3) (C2-C6)알케닐기; 또는
(d4) (C2-C6)알키닐기; 를 나타낸다),
단, A1이 N-R4인 경우, A2 및 A3이 동시에 질소원자인 경우는 제외되고,
m은 0, 1, 또는 2를 나타내며, n은 1, 또는 2를 나타낸다}
[2] R1이 (a1) (C1-C6)알킬기이며,
R2가 (b1) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기;
(b4) (C1-C6)알킬티오기; 또는
(b5) 동일하거나 상이할 수 있으며,
(b) 시아노기,
(c) 시아노(C1-C6)알킬기,
(d) 포르밀기,
(e) 히드록시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(f) 할로(C1-C6)알킬기,
(g) (C1-C6)알콕시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(h) 할로(C1-C6)알콕시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(i) (C3-C6)시클로알킬(C1-C6)알콕시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(j) (C1-C6)알킬티오(C1-C6)알킬기,
(k) (C1-C6)알킬설피닐(C1-C6)알킬기,
(l) (C1-C6)알킬설포닐(C1-C6)알킬기,
(m) (C1-C6)알킬카보닐기,
(n) 카복실기,
(o) (C1-C6)알콕시카보닐기,
(p) 할로(C1-C6)알콕시카보닐기,
(q) (C3-C6)시클로알킬(C1-C6)알콕시카보닐기,
(r) (C1-C6)알킬카보닐옥시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(s) (C3-C6)시클로알킬카보닐옥시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(t) (C1-C6)알콕시카보닐옥시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(u) R5(R6)N기(식 중, R5 및 R6은, 동일하거나 상이할 수 있으며
수소원자, (C1-C6)알킬기, (C3-C6)시클로알킬기, (C3-C6)시클로알킬(C1-C6)알킬기, 할로(C1-C6)알킬기, (C1-C6)알킬카보닐기, (C1-C6)알콕시카보닐기, 또는 디(C1-C6)알킬아미노카보닐기(여기서, 디(C1-C6)알킬아미노의 알킬기는 동일하거나 상이할 수 있다)를 나타낸다);
(v) R5(R6)N(C1-C6)알킬기(식 중, R5 및 R6은, 상기와 같다)
(w) R5(R6)N카보닐기(식 중, R5 및 R6은, 상기와 같다)
(x) R5(R6)N카보닐옥시(C1-C6)알킬기, (식 중, R5 및 R6은, 상기와 같다) 및
(y) C(R5)=NOR6기(식 중, R5 및 R6은 상기에 같다.); 에서 선택되는 1~2의 치환기를 환상에 갖는 (C3-C6)시클로알킬기이며,
R3이,
(c8) 할로(C1-C6)알킬기;
(c9) 할로(C1-C6)알콕시기;
(c12) (C1-C6)알킬티오기; 또는
(c15) 할로(C1-C6)알킬티오기이며,
A, A2 및 A3이, CH, 또는 질소원자이며,
A1이, O, S, 또는 N-R4이며(여기서 R4는 (d1) (C1-C6)알킬기; 를 나타낸다),
A1이 N-R4인 경우, A2 및 A3이 동시에 질소원자인 경우는 제외되고,
m이 0, 1, 또는 2이며,
n이 1인,
[1]에 기재된 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류.
[3] R1이, (a1) (C1-C6)알킬기를 나타내며,
R2가, (b1) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기; 또는
(b5) 동일하거나 상이할 수 있으며,
(b) 시아노기,
(n) 카복실기,
(o) (C1-C6)알콕시카보닐기,
(t) (C1-C6)알콕시카보닐옥시(C1-C6)알킬기, 혹은
(w) R5(R6)N카보닐기(식 중, R5 및 R6은, 상기와 같다);
에서 선택되는 1~2의 치환기를 환상에 갖는 (C3-C6)시클로알킬기; 를 나타내며,
R3이, (c8) 할로(C1-C6)알킬기; 를 나타내며,
A, A2 및 A3이, 질소원자를 나타내며,
A1이, N-R4를 나타내며(여기서 R4는 (d1) (C1-C6)알킬기를 나타내며, A2 및 A3이 동시에 질소원자인 경우를 제외한다),
m이 0, 또는 2를 나타내며,
n이 1을 나타내는,
[1]에 기재된 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류.
[4] 화학식 2로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물:
{식 중, R1은, (a1) (C1-C6)알킬기; (a2) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기; (a3) (C2-C6)알케닐기; 또는 (a4) (C2-C6)알키닐기; 를 나타내고,
R2는, (b1) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기; (b2) (C3-C6)시클로알킬(C1-C6)알킬기; (b3) 할로(C3-C6)시클로알킬(C1-C6)알킬기; 또는
(b4) (C1-C6)알킬티오기; 를 나타내고,
R3은, (c1) 할로겐원자; (c2) 시아노기; (c3) 니트로기; (c4) (C1-C6)알킬기; (c5) (C1-C6)알콕시기; (c6) (C2-C6)알케닐옥시기; (c7) (C2-C6)알키닐옥시기; (c8) 할로(C1-C6)알킬기; (c9) 할로(C1-C6)알콕시기; (c10) 할로(C2-C6)알케닐옥시기; (c11) 할로(C2-C6)알키닐옥시기; (c12) (C1-C6)알킬티오기; (c13) (C1-C6)알킬설피닐기; (c14) (C1-C6)알킬설포닐기; (c15) 할로(C1-C6)알킬티오기; (c16) 할로(C1-C6)알킬설피닐기; 또는 (c17) 할로(C1-C6)알킬설포닐기를 나타내고,
A 및 A2, A3은, CH, 또는 질소원자를 나타내며, A1은, O, S, 또는 N-R4를 나타내고(여기서 R4는, (d1) (C1-C6)알킬기; (d2) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기; (d3) (C2-C6)알케닐기; 또는 (d4) (C2-C6)알키닐기; 를 나타낸다), 단, A1이 N-R4인 경우, A2 및 A3이 동시에 질소원자인 경우는 제외되고, m은 0, 1, 또는 2를 나타내며, n은 1, 또는 2를 나타낸다.}
[5] R1이, (a1) (C1-C6)알킬기; 를 나타내며, R2가, (b1) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기; 또는 (b4) (C1-C6)알킬티오기; 를 나타내며, R3이, (c8) 할로(C1-C6)알킬기; (c9) 할로(C1-C6)알콕시기; (c12) (C1-C6)알킬티오기; 또는 (c15) 할로(C1-C6)알킬티오기; 를 나타내며,
A 및 A2, A3이, CH, 또는 질소원자를 나타내며, A1이, N-R4를 나타내고(여기서 R4는, (d1) (C1-C6)알킬기; 를 나타낸다), m이 0, 또는 2를 나타내며, n은 1을 나타내는, [4]에 기재된 축합 복소환 화합물.
[6] R1이, (a1) (C1-C6)알킬기; 를 나타내며, R2가, (b1) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기; 를 나타내며, R3이, (c8) 할로(C1-C6)알킬기; 를 나타내고,
A 및 A2, A3이, CH, 또는 질소원자를 나타내며, A1이, O, S, 또는 N-R4를 나타내고(여기서 R4는, (d1) (C1-C6)알킬기; 를 나타낸다), m이 0, 또는 2를 나타내며, n은 1을 나타내는, [4]에 기재된 축합 복소환 화합물.
[7] [1]~[6] 중 어느 하나에 기재된 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류를 유효 성분으로서 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 농원예용 살충제.
[8] [1]~[6] 중 어느 하나에 기재된 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류의 유효량으로 식물 또는 토양을 처리하는 것을 특징으로 하는 농원예용 살충제의 사용 방법.
[9] [1]~[6] 중 어느 하나에 기재된 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류의 유효량을 유효 성분으로서 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 외부 기생충 방제제에 관한 것이다.
본 발명의 시클로알킬 피리딜기를 갖는 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류는 농원예용 살충제로서 우수한 효과를 가질 뿐만 아니라, 개나 고양이와 같은 애완동물, 또는 소나 양 등의 가축의 체내외에 기생하는 해충에 대해서도 효과를 가진다.
본 발명의 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류의 일반식(1)의 정의에 있어서, 「할로」란 「할로겐원자」를 의미하며, 불소원자, 염소원자, 브롬원자, 또는 요오드원자를 나타낸다.
「(C1-C6)알킬기」란, 예를 들면 메틸기, 에틸기, 노말프로필기, 이소프로필기, 노말부틸기, 이소부틸기, 2급 부틸기, 3급 부틸기, 노말펜틸기, 이소펜틸기, 3급 펜틸기, 네오펜틸기, 2, 3-디메틸프로필기, 1-에틸프로필기, 1-메틸부틸기, 2-메틸부틸기, 노말헥실기, 이소헥실기, 2-헥실기, 3-헥실기, 2-메틸펜틸기, 3-메틸펜틸기, 1, 1, 2-트리메틸프로필기, 3, 3-디메틸부틸기 등의 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 형상의 탄소 원자수 1~6개의 알킬기를 나타낸다.
「(C3-C6)시클로알킬기」란, 예를 들면 시클로프로필기, 시클로부틸기, 시클로펜틸기, 시클로헥실기 등의 탄소 원자수 3~6개의 환형상의 알킬기를 나타내며, 「(C1-C6)알콕시기」로서는, 예를 들면, 메톡시기, 에톡시기, 노말프로폭시기, 이소프로폭시기, 노말부톡시기, 2급 부톡시기, 3급 부톡시기, 노말펜틸옥시기, 이소펜틸옥시기, 3급 펜틸옥시기, 네오펜틸옥시기, 2, 3-디메틸프로필옥시기, 1-에틸프로필옥시기, 1-메틸부틸옥시기, 노말헥실옥시기, 이소헥실옥시기, 1, 1, 2-트리메틸프로필옥시기 등의 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 형상의 탄소 원자수 1~6개의 알콕시기를 나타내며, 「(C2-C6)알케닐옥시기」로서는, 예를 들면, 프로페닐옥시기, 부테닐옥시기, 펜테닐옥시기, 헥세닐옥시기 등의 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 형상의 탄소 원자수 2~6개의 알케닐옥시기를 나타내며, 「(C2-C6)알키닐옥시기」로서는, 예를 들면, 프로피닐옥시기, 부티닐옥시기, 펜티닐옥시기, 헥세닐옥시기 등의 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 형상의 탄소 원자수 2~6개의 알키닐옥시기를 나타낸다.
「(C1-C6)알킬티오기」로서는, 예를 들면, 메틸티오기, 에틸티오기, 노말프로필티오기, 이소프로필티오기, 노말부틸티오기, 2급 부틸티오기, 3급 부틸티오기, 노말펜틸티오기, 이소펜틸티오기, 3급 펜틸티오기, 네오펜틸티오기, 2, 3-디메틸프로필티오기, 1-에틸프로필티오기, 1-메틸부틸티오기, 노말헥실티오기, 이소헥실티오기, 1, 1, 2-트리메틸프로필티오기 등의 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 형상의 탄소 원자수 1~6개의 알킬티오기를 나타내며, 「(C1-C6)알킬설피닐기」로서는, 예를 들면, 메틸설피닐기, 에틸설피닐기, 노말프로필설피닐기, 이소프로필설피닐기, 노말부틸설피닐기, 2급 부틸설피닐기, 3급 부틸설피닐기, 노말펜틸설피닐기, 이소펜틸설피닐기, 3급 펜틸설피닐기, 네오펜틸설피닐기, 2, 3-디메틸프로필설피닐기, 1-에틸프로필설피닐기, 1-메틸부틸설피닐기, 노말헥실설피닐기, 이소헥실설피닐기, 1, 1, 2-트리메틸프로필설피닐기 등의 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 형상의 탄소 원자수 1~6개의 알킬설피닐기를 나타내며, 「(C1-C6)알킬설포닐기」로서는, 예를 들면, 메틸설포닐기, 에틸설포닐기, 노말프로필설포닐기, 이소프로필설포닐기, 노말부틸설포닐기, 2급 부틸설포닐기, 3급 부틸설포닐기, 노말펜틸설포닐기, 이소펜틸설포닐기, 3급 펜틸설포닐기, 네오펜틸설포닐기, 2, 3-디메틸프로필설포닐기, 1-에틸프로필설포닐기, 1-메틸부틸설포닐기, 노말헥실설포닐기, 이소헥실설포닐기, 1, 1, 2-트리메틸프로필설포닐기 등의 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 형상의 탄소 원자수 1~6개의 알킬설포닐기를 나타낸다.
상기 「(C1-C6)알킬기」, 「(C2-C6)알케닐기」, 「(C2-C6)알키닐기」, 「(C3-C6)시클로알킬기」, 「(C3-C6)시클로알킬옥시기」, 「(C1-C6)알콕시기」, 「(C2-C6)알케닐옥시기」, 「(C2-C6)알키닐옥시기」, 「(C1-C6)알킬티오기」, 「(C1-C6)알킬설피닐기」, 「(C1-C6)알킬설포닐기」, 「(C2-C6)알케닐티오기」, 「(C2-C6)알키닐티오기」, 「(C2-C6)알케닐설피닐기」, 「(C2-C6)알키닐설피닐기」, 「(C2-C6)알케닐설포닐기」, 「(C2-C6)알키닐설포닐기」, 「(C3-C6)시클로알킬기」, 「(C1-C6)알콕시기」, 「(C2-C6)알케닐옥시기」, 「(C2-C6)알키닐옥시기」, 「(C3-C6)시클로알킬티오기」, 「(C3-C6)시클로알킬설피닐기」 또는 「(C3-C6)시클로알킬설포닐기」의 치환할 수 있는 위치에 1 또는 2 이상의 할로겐원자가 치환될 수 있으며, 치환되는 할로겐 원자가 2 이상인 경우는, 할로겐원자는 동일하거나 상이할 수 있다.
상기 1 또는 2 이상의 할로겐원자가 치환된 치환기는 각각, 「할로(C1-C6)알킬기」, 「할로(C2-C6)알케닐기」, 「할로(C2-C6)알키닐기」, 「할로(C3-C6)시클로알킬기」, 「할로(C3-C6)시클로알킬옥시기」, 「할로(C1-C6)알콕시기」, 「할로(C2-C6)알케닐옥시기」, 「할로(C2-C6)알키닐옥시기」, 「할로(C1-C6)알킬티오기」, 「할로(C1-C6)알킬설피닐기」, 「할로(C1-C6)알킬설포닐기」, 「할로(C2-C6)알케닐티오기」, 「할로(C2-C6)알키닐티오기」, 「할로(C2-C6)알케닐설피닐기」, 「할로(C2-C6)알키닐설피닐기」, 「할로(C2-C6)알케닐설포닐기」, 「할로(C2-C6)알키닐설포닐기」, 「할로(C3-C6)시클로알킬기」, 「할로(C1-C6)알콕시기」, 「할로(C2-C6)알케닐옥시기」, 「할로(C2-C6)알키닐옥시기」, 「할로(C3-C6)시클로알킬티오기」, 「할로(C3-C6)시클로알킬설피닐기」 또는 「할로(C3-C6)시클로알킬설포닐기」로 나타낸다.
「(C1-C6)」, 「(C2-C6)」, 「(C3-C6)」 등의 표현은 각종 치환기의 탄소 원자수의 범위를 나타낸다. 또한, 상기 치환기가 연결한 기에 대해서도 상기 정의를 나타낼 수 있으며, 예를 들면, 「(C1-C6)알콕시(C1-C6)알킬기」인 경우는 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 형상의 탄소수 1~6개의 알콕시기가 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 형상의 탄소수 1~6개의 알킬기에 결합한 것을 나타낸다.
본 발명의 일반식(1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물의 염류로서는, 예를 들면 염산염, 황산염, 질산염, 인산염 등의 무기산염류, 아세트산염, 푸마르산염, 말레산염, 옥살산염, 메탄설폰산염, 벤젠설폰산염, 파라톨루엔설폰산염 등의 유기산염류, 나트륨이온, 칼륨이온, 칼슘이온, 트리메틸암모늄 등의 무기 또는 유기염기의 염류를 예시할 수 있다.
본 발명의 일반식(1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물 및 그 염류는, 그 구조식 중에 1개 또는 복수개의 비대칭 중심을 갖는 경우가 있으며, 2종 이상의 광학 이성체 및 디아스테레오머가 존재하는 경우도 있으며, 본 발명은 각각의 광학 이성체 및 그들이 임의의 비율로 포함되는 혼합물도 모두 포함하는 것이다. 또한, 본 발명의 일반식(1)으로 나타낸 화합물 및 그 염류는, 그 구조식 중에 탄소-탄소 이중 결합에 유래하는 2종의 기하 이성체가 존재하는 경우도 있지만, 본 발명은 각각의 기하 이성체 및 그들이 임의의 비율로 포함되는 혼합물도 모두 포함하는 것이다.
본 발명의 하나의 양태에 있어서, 일반식(1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물 및 그 염류는,
R1이, (a1) (C1-C6)알킬기이며,
R2가, (b1) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기, 또는, (b5) 동일하거나 상이할 수 있으며, (b) 시아노기, (n) 카복실기, (o) (C1-C6)알콕시카보닐기, (t) (C1-C6)알콕시카보닐옥시(C1-C6)알킬기, 혹은 (w) R5(R6)N카보닐기(식 중, R5 및 R6은, 상기와 같다); 에서 선택되는 1~2의 치환기를 환상에 갖는 (C3-C6)시클로알킬기이며,
R3이, (c8)할로(C1-C6)알킬기이며,
A, A2 및 A3이, 질소원자이며,
A1이, N-R4이며(여기서 R4는 (d1) (C1-C6)알킬기를 나타내며, A2 및 A3이 동시에 질소원자인 경우를 제외한다),
m이 0, 또는 2이며, n이 1인 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류인 것이 바람직하다.
본 발명의 복합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류는, 예를 들면 하기 제조 방법에 따라 제조할 수 있지만, 본 발명은 이들로 한정되는 것은 아니다.
제조 방법 1
{식 중, R1, R2, R3, m, n, A, A1, A2, 및 A3은 상기와 같고, X는 할로겐원자, R는 수소원자, 또는 C1~C3알킬기 등을 나타낸다.}
공정[a]의 제조 방법
일반식(1-2)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물은, 일반식(2)으로 나타낸 카복실산과 일반식(3)으로 나타낸 복소환 화합물을 축합제, 염기 및 불활성 용매의 존재하에서 반응시켜, 중간체를 단리 또는 단리하지 않고, 이어서 산성 조건하에서 반응함으로써 제조할 수 있다.
본 반응에서 사용하는 축합제로서는, 예를 들면 시아노인산디에틸(DEPC), 카보닐디이미다졸(CDI), 1, 3-디시클로헥실카보디이미드(DCC), 클로로탄산에스테르류, 요오드화 2-클로로-1-메틸피리디늄 등을 예시할 수 있으며, 그 사용량은 일반식(2)에서 나타낸 화합물에 대해 1배몰~1.5배몰의 범위에서 적절하게 선택하여 사용할 수 있다.
염기로서는, 예를 들면, 수산화나트륨, 수산화칼륨, 탄산나트륨, 탄산칼륨, 탄산수소나트륨, 탄산수소칼륨 등의 무기염기류, 아세트산나트륨, 아세트산칼륨 등의 아세트산염류, 칼륨 t-부톡시드, 나트륨메톡시드, 나트륨에톡시드 등의 알칼리 금속 알콕시드류; 트리에틸아민, 디이소프로필에틸아민, 1, 8-디아자비시클로[5.4.0]운데크-7-엔 등의 제3급 아민류, 피리딘, 디메틸아미노피리딘 등의 함질소 방향족 화합물 등을 들 수 있으며, 그 사용량은 일반식(2)으로 나타낸 화합물에 대해 통상 1배몰~10배몰의 범위에서 사용된다.
본 반응에서 사용하는 불활성 용매로서는, 본 반응의 진행을 현저하게 저해하지 않는 것이면 괜찮고, 예를 들면 벤젠, 톨루엔, 크실렌 등의 방향족 탄화수소류, 염화메틸렌, 클로로포름, 사염화탄소 등의 할로겐화 탄화수소류; 클로로벤젠, 디클로로벤젠 등의 할로겐화 방향족 탄화수소류, 디에틸에테르, 메틸3급 부틸에테르, 디옥산, 테트라히드로푸란 등의 쇄장 또는 환형상 에테르류, 아세트산에틸 등의 에스테르류, 디메틸포름아미드, 디메틸아세트아미드 등의 아미드류, 아세톤, 메틸에틸케톤 등의 케톤류, 디메틸설폭시드, 1, 3-디메틸-2-이미다졸리디논 등의 극성 용매 등의 불활성 용매를 예시할 수 있으며, 이들 불활성 용매는 단독으로 또는 2종 이상 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다.
본 반응은 등몰 반응이므로, 각 반응제를 등몰 사용할 수 있지만, 몇 개의 반응제를 과잉으로 사용할 수도 있다. 반응 온도는 실온부터 사용하는 불활성 용매의 비점역에서 실시할 수 있으며, 반응 시간은 반응 규모, 반응 온도에 의해 일정하지 않지만, 수 분~48시간의 범위에서 실시할 수 있다.
반응 종료 후, 반응계로부터 중간체를 단리 또는 단리하지 않고, 산 및 불활성 용매의 존재하에, 반응시킴으로써 제조할 수 있다.
본 반응에서 사용하는 산으로서는, 예를 들면, 염산, 황산, 아세트산 등의 무기산, 포름산, 아세트산, 프로피온산, 트리플루오로아세트산, 벤조산 등의 유기산, 메탄설폰산, 트리플루오로메탄설폰산 등의 설폰산, 인산 등을 예시할 수 있으며, 그 사용량은 일반식(2-2)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물에 대해 0.01배몰~10배몰의 범위에서 적절하게 선택하여 사용할 수 있다.
본 반응에서 사용하는 불활성 용매로서는, 본 반응의 진행을 현저하게 저해하지 않는 것이면 괜찮고, 예를 들면 벤젠, 톨루엔, 크실렌 등의 방향족 탄화수소류, 염화메틸렌, 클로로포름, 사염화탄소 등의 할로겐화 탄화수소류; 클로로벤젠, 디클로로벤젠 등의 할로겐화 방향족 탄화수소류, 디에틸에테르, 메틸3급 부틸에테르, 디옥산, 테트라히드로푸란 등의 쇄장 또는 환형상 에테르류, 아세트산에틸 등의 에스테르류, 디메틸포름아미드, 디메틸아세트아미드 등의 아미드류, 아세톤, 메틸에틸케톤 등의 케톤류, 디메틸설폭시드, 1, 3-디메틸-2-이미다졸리디논 등의 극성 용매 등의 불활성 용매를 예시할 수 있으며, 이들 불활성 용매는 단독으로 또는 2종 이상 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다.
반응 종료 후, 목적물을 포함한 반응계로부터 목적물을 상법에 따라 단리할 수 있고, 필요에 따라 재결정, 컬럼 크로마토그래피 등으로 정제함으로써 목적물을 제조할 수 있다.
공정[b]의 제조 방법
본 반응은, 일반식(1-2)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물을, 불활성 용매 중, 산화제와 반응시킴으로써 일반식(1-1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물을 제조할 수 있다.
본 반응에서 사용하는 산화제로서는, 과산화수소수, 과산화벤조산, m-클로로과산화벤조산 등의 과산화물 등을 들 수 있다. 이들 산화제는, 일반식(1-2)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물에 대해 0.8배몰~5배몰의 범위에서 적절하게 선택할 수 있다.
본 반응에서 사용할 수 있는 불활성 용매로서는, 본 반응을 현저하게 저해하지 않는 것이면 괜찮고, 예를 들면, 디에틸에테르, 테트라히드로푸란, 디옥산 등의 쇄장 또는 환형상 에테르류; 벤젠, 톨루엔, 크실렌 등의 방향족 탄화수소류; 염화메틸렌, 클로로포름, 사염화탄소 등의 할로겐화 탄화수소류, 클로로벤젠, 디클로로벤젠 등의 할로겐화 방향족 탄화수소류; 아세토니트릴 등의 니트릴류, 아세트산에틸 등의 에스테르류, 포름산, 아세트산 등의 유기산류; N, N-디메틸포름아미드, N, N-디메틸아세트아미드, 1, 3-디메틸-2-이미다졸리디논, 물 등의 극성 용매를 들 수 있으며, 이들 불활성 용매는 단독으로 또는 2종 이상 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다.
본 반응에 있어서의 반응 온도는 -10℃부터 사용하는 불활성 용매의 환류 온도의 범위에서 적절하게 선택할 수 있다. 반응 시간은 반응 규모, 반응 온도 등에 의해 변화하며, 일정하지는 않지만 수 분~48시간의 범위에서 적절하게 선택할 수 있다. 반응 종료 후, 목적물을 포함한 반응계로부터 상법에 따라 목적물을 단리할 수 있고, 필요에 따라 재결정, 컬럼 크로마토그래피 등으로 정제함으로써 목적물을 제조할 수 있다.
공정[c]의 제조 방법
일반식(1-1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물과 일반식(4)으로 나타낸 붕산 화합물, 또는 해당 화합물과 등가의 화합물(예를 들면, 시클로프로필 환형상 트리올보레이트나트륨 등)을 금속 촉매, 염기의 존재하에, 불활성 용매 중에, 문헌 기재된 방법(유기합성화학협회지 Vol.69 No.7 2011; Chem. Rev. 2011, 4475; WO2013/018928호 팜플렛)에 준하여 크로스 커플링 반응을 실시하여, 일반식(1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물을 제조할 수 있다.
본 반응에서 사용할 수 있는 촉매로서는 입수 가능한 0가 또는 2가의 팔라듐 금속이나 염(착체를 포함한다) 등의 팔라듐 화합물을 이용할 수 있으며, 활성탄 등에 담지될 수 있다. 바람직하게 이용되는 것으로서, 팔라듐(0)/탄소, 아세트산팔라듐(II), 염화팔라듐(II), 비스(트리페닐포스핀)팔라듐(II)염화물, 테트라키스(트리페닐포스핀)팔라듐(0) 등을 들 수 있다.
본 반응은 배위자를 첨가하여 반응을 실시할 수도 있다. 배위자로서는, 트리페닐포스핀(PPh3), 메틸디페닐포스핀(Ph2PCH3), 트리푸릴포스핀(P(2-furyl)3), 트리(o-트릴)포스핀(P(o-tol)3), 트리(시클로헥실)포스핀(PCy3), 디시클로헥실페닐포스핀(PhPCy2), 트리(t-부틸)포스핀(PtBu3), 2, 2'-비스(디페닐포스피노)-1, 1'-비나프틸(BINAP), 디페닐포스피노페로센(DPPF), 1, 1'-비스(디-t-부틸포스피노)페로센(DtBPF), N, N-디메틸-1-[2-(디페닐포스피노)페로세닐]에틸아민, 1-[2-(디페닐포스피노)페로세닐]에틸메틸에테르, Xantphos 등의 포스핀계 배위자나, 이미다졸-2-일리덴카르벤류 등의 포스핀 모방체 배위자(Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English) 제36권, 제2163페이지(1997년) 참조) 등을 들 수 있다.
본 반응에서 사용할 수 있는 염기로서는, 예를 들면, 수산화나트륨, 수산화칼륨, 탄산나트륨, 탄산칼륨, 탄산세슘, 탄산수소나트륨, 탄산수소칼륨 등의 무기 염기류; 수소화나트륨, 수소화칼륨 등의 수소화알칼리금속, 나트륨메톡시드, 나트륨에톡시드, 칼륨3급 부톡시드 등의 알콕시드류를 들 수 있다. 염기의 사용량은 일반식(4)으로 나타낸 화합물에 대해 통상 약 1배몰~5배몰의 범위에서 사용된다.
본 반응에서 사용할 수 있는 불활성 용매로서는, 본 반응을 현저하게 저해하지 않는 것이면 괜찮고, 예를 들면, 메탄올, 에탄올, 프로판올, 부탄올, 2-프로판올 등의 알코올류, 디에틸에테르, 테트라히드로푸란, 디옥산 등의 쇄장 또는 환형상 에테르류, 벤젠, 톨루엔, 크실렌 등의 방향족 탄화수소류, 염화메틸렌, 클로로포름, 사염화탄소 등의 할로겐화 탄화수소류, 클로로벤젠, 디클로로벤젠 등의 할로겐화 방향족 탄화수소류, 아세토니트릴 등의 니트릴류, 아세트산에틸 등의 에스테르류, N, N-디메틸포름아미드, N, N-디메틸아세트아미드, 디메틸설폭시드, 1, 3-디메틸-2-이미다졸리디논 등의 극성 용매를 들 수 있으며, 이들 불활성 용매는 단독으로 또는 2종 이상 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다.
본 반응에 있어서의 반응 온도는 통상 약 0℃부터 사용하는 용매의 비점의 범위에서 실시할 수 있고, 반응 시간은 반응 규모, 반응 온도 등에 의해 일정하지 않지만, 수 분~48시간의 범위에서 적절하게 선택할 수 있다. 일반식(4)으로 나타낸 화합물, 또는 해당 화합물과 등가의 화합물은 일반식(1-1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물에 대해 통상 약 1배몰~5배몰의 범위에서 사용된다. 또한 본 반응은, 예를 들면 질소 가스나 아르곤 가스와 같은 불활성 가스의 분위기하에서 실시할 수도 있다. 반응 종료 후, 목적물을 포함한 반응계로부터 상법에 따라 목적물을 단리할 수 있고, 필요에 따라 재결정, 컬럼 크로마토그래피 등으로 정제함으로써 목적물을 제조할 수 있다.
제조 방법 2
{식 중, R1, R2, R3, m, n, A, A1, A2, 및 A3은 상기와 같다.}
또한, 일반식(1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물은, 일반식(2-1)으로 나타낸 카복실산과 일반식(3)으로 나타낸 복소환 화합물과 상기 공정[a] 및 또는 [b]에 기재된 방법으로 준하여 제조할 수 있다.
제조 방법 3
{식 중, R1, R2, R3, m, n, A, A1, A2, 및 A3은 상기와 같다.}
또한, 일반식(1-11)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물은, 문헌에 기재된 방법(Organic Letters, Vol. 9(17), 3469-3472, 2007년, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 54(47), 13975-13979, 2015)에 따라 일반식(1-1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물과 말론산에스테르류를 금속 촉매, 염기의 존재하에, 불활성 용매 중에서 커플링 반응을 실시한 후, 산성 조건하에서 가수분해를 실시하고, 그 후 탈탄산함으로써 제조할 수 있다.
일반식(1-12)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물은, 일반식(1-11)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물을, 문헌에 기재된 방법(국제공개 제2014/113485호 팜플렛, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 57(7), 2963-2988; 2014)에 따라, 제조할 수 있다.
일반식(1-13)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물은, 일반식(1-12)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물을, 통상의 방법으로 가수분해하고, 염화 티오닐 또는 옥살산디클로리드 등의 염소화제와 반응시켜, 카복실산염화물을 생성시키고, 암모니아와 반응시킴으로써 제조할 수 있다.
일반식(1-14)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물은, 일반식(1-13)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물을, 통상의 방법에 따라 옥시염화인 등의 염소화제와 반응시킴으로써 제조할 수 있다.
제조 방법 4
{식 중, R1, R2, R3, m, n, A, A1, A2, 및 A3은 상기와 같다. X는 할로겐원자 등의 이탈기를 나타낸다.}
일반식(1-15)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물은, 일반식(1-1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물을, 문헌에 기재된 방법(Modern Arylation Methods, 221-269, Wiley-VCH)에 따라 제조할 수 있다.
일반식(1-16)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물은, 일반식(1-15)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물을, 문헌에 기재된 방법(국제공개 제2011/115065호 팜플렛)에 따라 제조할 수 있다.
일반식(1-12) 및 (1-16)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물은, 메톡시카보닐기를 갖는다는 점에서, 해당 관능기를 카복실산으로 유도하고, Curtius rearrangement에 의해, 아미노 화합물을 제조할 수 있다. 또한, 메톡시카보닐기를 수소화 알루미늄 등에 의해 환원하여, 알코올 화합물을 제조할 수 있다.
중간체(2)의 제조 방법
(식 중, R1는 상기와 같이 하고, Boc는 3급 부톡시카보닐기, R는 C1~C3의 알킬기, X는 할로겐원자를 나타낸다)
일반식(2)로 표현되는 본 발명 화합물의 제조 중간체는, 이하의 방법에 따라 제조할 수 있다.
입수 가능한 디클로로피리딘카복실산(2-g)을 헥크 반응, 일본특개 2005-272338호에 기재된 방법에 따라, 에스테르기가 도입된 피리딘카복실산(2-f)을 합성할 수 있다.
피리딘디카복실산에스테르(2-e)는, 우선 에스테르기가 도입된 피리딘카복실산(2-f)과 염소화제 등을 불활성 용매하에, 염소화 시킴으로써, 피리딘카복실산 염화물체로 변환할 수 있다.
본 반응에 이용되는 용매로서는, 예를 들면 THF, 에틸렌글리콜디메틸에테르, tert-부틸메틸에테르, 1, 4-디옥산 등의 에테르류, 톨루엔, 크실렌 등의 방향족 탄화수소류, 디클로로메탄, 클로로포름 등의 할로겐화 탄화수소류 및 이들 혼합물을 들 수 있다. 반응에 이용되는 염소화제로서는, 염화티오닐, 2 염화옥살릴 등을 들 수 있다. 본 반응은, 에스테르기가 도입된 피리딘카복실산(2-f) 1배몰에 대해, 염소화제가 통상 1~10배몰의 비율로 사용할 수 있다. 본 반응은, 통상 0~100℃의 범위에서 실시할 수 있고, 반응 시간은 통상 0.1~24시간의 범위이다. 반응 종료 후, 용매, 과잉의 염소화제 등을 유거함으로써, 피리딘카복실산 염화물체를 제조할 수 있다.
이어서 해당 피리딘카복실산 염화물체를 염기 및 불활성 용매의 존재하에, 3급 부틸알코올과 반응시킴으로써 일반식(2-e)으로 나타낸 피리딘의 3급 부틸에스테르 화합물을 제조할 수 있다. 본 반응에 이용되는 용매로서는, 예를 들면 THF, 에틸렌글리콜디메틸에테르, tert-부틸메틸에테르, 1, 4-디옥산 등의 에테르류, 톨루엔, 크실렌 등의 방향족 탄화수소류, 디클로로메탄, 클로로포름 등의 할로겐화 탄화수소류 및 이들 혼합물을 들 수 있다. 본 반응에서 사용하는 염기로서는, 예를 들면, 수산화나트륨, 수산화칼륨, 탄산나트륨, 탄산칼륨, 탄산수소나트륨, 탄산수소칼륨 등의 무기염기류, 아세트산나트륨, 아세트산칼륨 등의 아세트산염류, 칼륨 t-부톡시드, 나트륨메톡시드, 나트륨에톡시드 등의 알칼리 금속 알콕시드류; 트리에틸아민, 디이소프로필에틸아민, 1, 8-디아자비시클로[5.4.0]운데크-7-엔 등의 제3급 아민류, 피리딘, 디메틸아미노피리딘 등의 함질소 방향족 화합물등을 들 수 있으며, 그 사용량은 피리딘카복실산 염화물체에 대해 통상 1배몰~10배몰의 범위에서 사용할 수 있다.
피리딘디카복실산에스테르(2-d)는, 일반식(2-e)으로 나타낸 피리딘의 3급 부틸에스테르 화합물과 일반식(5)로 표현되는 화합물을 불활성 용매하에, 반응시킴으로써, 제조할 수 있다.
본 반응에서 사용하는 염기로서는, 예를 들면, 수산화나트륨, 수산화칼륨, 탄산나트륨, 탄산칼륨, 탄산수소나트륨, 탄산수소칼륨 등의 무기염기류, 아세트산나트륨, 아세트산칼륨 등의 아세트산염류, 칼륨 t-부톡시드, 나트륨메톡시드, 나트륨에톡시드 등의 알칼리 금속 알콕시드류; 트리에틸아민, 디이소프로필에틸아민, 1, 8-디아자비시클로[5.4.0]운데크-7-엔 등의 제3급 아민류, 피리딘, 디메틸아미노피리딘 등의 함질소 방향족 화합물 등을 들 수 있으며, 그 사용량은 일반식(2-e)으로 나타낸 3급 부틸에스테르 화합물에 대해 통상 1배몰~10배몰의 범위에서 사용된다. 또한 일반식(5)로 표현되는 화합물의 알칼리염을 사용하는 경우는, 염기를 사용하지 않아도 괜찮다.
본 반응에서 사용하는 불활성 용매로서는, 본 반응의 진행을 현저하게 저해하지 않는 것이면 괜찮고, 예를 들면 벤젠, 톨루엔, 크실렌 등의 방향족 탄화수소류, 염화메틸렌, 클로로포름, 사염화탄소 등의 할로겐화 탄화수소류; 클로로벤젠, 디클로로벤젠 등의 할로겐화 방향족 탄화수소류, 디에틸에테르, 메틸3급 부틸에테르, 디옥산, 테트라히드로푸란 등의 쇄장 또는 환형상 에테르류, 아세트산에틸 등의 에스테르류, 디메틸포름아미드, 디메틸아세트아미드 등의 아미드류, 아세톤, 메틸에틸케톤 등의 케톤류, 디메틸설폭시드, 1, 3-디메틸-2-이미다졸리디논 등의 극성 용매 등의 불활성 용매를 예시할 수 있으며, 이들 불활성 용매는 단독으로 또는 2종 이상 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다.
본 반응은 등몰 반응이므로, 일반식(5)로 표현되는 화합물과 일반식(2-e)으로 나타낸 피리딘의 3급 부틸에스테르 화합물을 등몰 사용할 수 있지만, 몇 개의 반응제를 과잉으로 사용할 수도 있다. 반응 온도는 -10℃부터 사용하는 불활성 용매의 비점역에서 실시할 수 있으며, 반응 시간은 반응 규모, 반응 온도에 의해 일정하지 않지만, 수 분~48시간의 범위에서 실시할 수 있다. 반응 종료 후, 목적물을 포함한 반응계로부터 목적물을 상법에 따라 단리할 수 있고, 필요에 따라 재결정, 컬럼 크로마토그래피 등으로 정제함으로써 목적물을 제조할 수 있다.
피리딘디카복실산(2-c)은, 일반식(2-d)으로 나타낸 피리딘의 3급 부틸에스테르 화합물을 산 및/또는 불활성 용매하에, 반응시킴으로써 제조할 수 있다.
본 반응에서 사용하는 산으로서는, 예를 들면, 염산, 황산, 아세트산 등의 무기산, 포름산, 아세트산, 프로피온산, 트리플루오로아세트산, 벤조산 등의 유기산, 메탄설폰산, 트리플루오로메탄설폰산 등의 설폰산 등을 예시할 수 있으며, 그 사용량은 일반식(2-d)으로 나타낸 3급 부틸에스테르 화합물에 대해 1배몰~10배몰의 범위에서 적절하게 선택하여 사용할 수 있다. 경우에 따라서는, 해당 산류를 용매로서 사용할 수도 있다.
본 반응에서 사용하는 불활성 용매로서는, 본 반응의 진행을 현저하게 저해하지 않는 것이면 괜찮고, 예를 들면 벤젠, 톨루엔, 크실렌 등의 방향족 탄화수소류, 염화메틸렌, 클로로포름, 사염화탄소 등의 할로겐화 탄화수소류, 클로로벤젠, 디클로로벤젠 등의 할로겐화 방향족 탄화수소류, 디에틸에테르, 메틸3급 부틸에테르, 디옥산, 테트라히드로푸란 등의 쇄장 또는 환형상 에테르류, 아세트산에틸 등의 에스테르류, 디메틸포름아미드, 디메틸아세트아미드 등의 아미드류, 아세톤, 메틸에틸케톤 등의 케톤류, 디메틸설폭시드, 1, 3-디메틸-2-이미다졸리디논 등의 극성 용매 등의 불활성 용매를 예시할 수 있으며, 이들 불활성 용매는 단독으로 또는 2종 이상 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다. 또한 상기 산류를 용매로서 사용하는 경우는 용매를 사용하지 않아도 괜찮다.
반응 온도는 실온부터 사용하는 불활성 용매의 비점역에서 실시할 수 있으며, 반응 시간은 반응 규모, 반응 온도에 의해 일정하지 않지만, 수 분~48시간의 범위에서 실시할 수 있다.
반응 종료 후, 목적물을 포함한 반응계로부터 목적물을 상법에 따라 단리할 수 있고, 필요에 따라 재결정, 컬럼 크로마토그래피 등으로 정제함으로써 목적물을 제조할 수 있다.
피리딘카복실산(2-b)은, 일반식(2-c)으로 나타낸 피리딘카복실산과 DPPA(디페닐린산아지드)를 3급 부틸알코올 존재하에, J.A.Chem.Soc.1972, 94, 6203-6205에 기재된 방법에 따라 제조할 수 있다.
아미노피리딘카복실산(2-a)은, 일반식(2-b)으로 나타낸 피리딘카복실산 화합물을, 산, 불활성 용매하에, 반응시킴으로써 제조할 수 있다.
본 반응에서 사용하는 산으로서는, 예를 들면, 염산, 황산, 아세트산 등의 무기산, 포름산, 아세트산, 프로피온산, 트리플루오로아세트산, 벤조산 등의 유기산, 메탄설폰산, 트리플루오로메탄설폰산 등의 설폰산 등을 예시할 수 있으며, 그 사용량은 일반식(2-d)으로 나타낸 3급 부틸에스테르 화합물에 대해 1배몰~10배몰의 범위에서 적절하게 선택하여 사용할 수 있다. 경우에 따라서는, 용매로서 사용할 수도 있다.
본 반응에서 사용하는 불활성 용매로서는, 본 반응의 진행을 현저하게 저해하지 않는 것이면 괜찮고, 예를 들면 벤젠, 톨루엔, 크실렌 등의 방향족 탄화수소류, 염화메틸렌, 클로로포름, 사염화탄소 등의 할로겐화 탄화수소류, 클로로벤젠, 디클로로벤젠 등의 할로겐화 방향족 탄화수소류, 디에틸에테르, 메틸3급 부틸에테르, 디옥산, 테트라히드로푸란 등의 쇄장 또는 환형상 에테르류, 아세트산에틸 등의 에스테르류, 디메틸포름아미드, 디메틸아세트아미드 등의 아미드류, 아세톤, 메틸에틸케톤 등의 케톤류, 디메틸설폭시드, 1, 3-디메틸-2-이미다졸리디논 등의 극성 용매 등의 불활성 용매를 예시할 수 있으며, 이들 불활성 용매는 단독으로 또는 2종 이상 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다.
반응 온도는 -10℃부터 사용하는 불활성 용매의 비점역에서 실시할 수 있으며, 반응 시간은 반응 규모, 반응 온도에 의해 일정하지 않지만, 수 분~48시간의 범위에서 실시할 수 있다. 반응 종료 후, 목적물을 포함한 반응계로부터 목적물을 상법에 따라 단리할 수 있고, 필요에 따라 재결정, 컬럼 크로마토그래피 등으로 정제함으로써 목적물을 제조할 수 있다.
할로피리딘카복실산(2)은, 일반식(2-a)으로 나타낸 아미노피리딘카복실산 화합물을, 소위 Sandmeyer 반응, Chem.Re.1988, 88, 765에 기재된 방법으로 준하여 제조할 수 있다.
중간체(2-1)의 제조 방법
할로피리딘카복실산에스테르 화합물(2-1)은, 일반식(2)으로 나타낸 피리딘카복실산 화합물을, 통상의 방법으로 에스테르 화합물로 한 후, 상기 공정[C]에 기재한 방법으로 커플링 반응을 실시하여, 통상의 방법으로 가수분해함으로써 제조할 수 있다.
중간체(3)의 제조 방법
일반식(3)로 표현되는 화합물의 제조 중간체는 공지 화합물이며, 예를 들면, WO2012/086848호 팜플렛, WO2014/142135호 팜플렛에 기재되어 있는 방법에 따라 제조할 수 있다.
이어서, 본 발명 화합물의 구체적인 예를 이하에 나타낸다. 하기의 표에 있어서, Me는 메틸기를, Et는 에틸기를, i-Pr는 이소프로필기를, c-Pr는 시클로프로필기를, t-Bu는 3급 부틸기를, c-Bu는 시클로부틸기를, c-Pent는 시클로펜틸기를 나타낸다. Ac는 아세틸기를 나타낸다. 물성은 융점(℃) 또는 NMR를 나타내며, 해당 데이터는 별도표에 기재한다.
본 발명의 일반식(1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류를 유효 성분으로서 함유하는 농원예용 살충제는 수도, 과수, 채소, 그 외의 작물 및 화훼류를 가해하는 각종 농림, 원예, 저곡해충이나 위생해충 혹은 선충류 등의 해충 방제에 적합하다.
상기 해충 또는 선충류 등으로서 이하의 것이 예시된다.
인시목(나비목) 해충으로서 예를 들면, 파라사 콘소시아(Parasa consocia), 아노미스 메소고나(Anomis mesogona), 파필리오 크수토스(Papilio xuthus), 마츠무라에세스 아즈키볼라(Matsumuraeses azukivora), 오스트리니아 스카풀라리스(Ostrinia scapulalis), 스포도프테라 이그젬타(Spodoptera exempta), 하이판트리아 쿠니아(Hyphantria cunea), 오스트리니아 푸르나칼리스(Ostrinia furnacalis), 슈달레티아 세파라타(Pseudaletia separata), 티니아 트란슬루센스(Tinea translucens), 박트라 퍼푸라나(Bactra furfurana), 파르나라 굿타타(Parnara guttata), 마라스미아 이그시구아(Marasmia exigua), 파르나라 굿타타(Parnara guttata), 세사미아 인퍼런스(Sesamia inferens), 브라크미아 트리안눌렐라(Brachmia triannulella), 모네마 플라버센스(Monema flavescens), 트리코프루시아 니(Trichoplusia ni), 플류롭트야 루랄리스(Pleuroptya ruralis), 시스티디아 코우아가리아(Cystidia couaggaria), 람피데스 보에티쿠스(Lampides boeticus), 세포노데스 힐라스(Cephonodes hylas), 헬리코베르파 아르미게라(Helicoverpa armigera), 팔레로돈타 만레이(Phalerodonta manleyi), 유메타 자포니카(Eumeta japonica), 피에리스 브라시카에(Pieris brassicae), 말라코소마 뉴스트리아 테스타케아(Malacosoma neustria testacea), 스타스모포다 마시니싸(Stathmopoda masinissa), 쿠포데스 디오스필로셀라(Cuphodes diospyrosella), 아르칩스 자일로스테아누스(Archips xylosteanus), 아그로티스 세게툼(Agrotis segetum), 테트라모에라 스키스타세아나(Tetramoera schistaceana), 파필리오 마카온 히포크라테스(Papilio machaon hippocrates), 엔도클리타 시넨시스(Endoclyta sinensis), 리오네티아 프루니폴리엘라(Lyonetia prunifoliella), 필로노릭테르 링곤니엘라(Phyllonorycter ringoneella), 시디아 쿠로코이(Cydia kurokoi), 유코에노게네스 애스투오사(Eucoenogenes aestuosa), 로베시아 보트라나(Lobesia botrana), 라토이아 시니카(Latoia sinica), 유조페라 바탄겐시스(Euzophera batangensis), 팔로니디아 메소티파(Phalonidia mesotypa), 스필로소마 임파릴리스(Spilosoma imparilis), 글리포데스 필로아리스(Glyphodes pyloalis), 오레트류테스 모리(Olethreutes mori), 티네올라 비셀리엘라(Tineola bisselliella), 엔도클리타 익스클레센스(Endoclyta excrescens), 네마포곤 글라넬루스(Nemapogon granellus), 시난테돈 헥톨(Synanthedon hector), 시디아 포모넬라(Cydia pomonella), 플루텔라 크실로스텔라(Plutella xylostella), 크나팔로크로시스 메디날리스(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), 세사미아 칼라미스티스(Sesamia calamistis), 스키르포파가 인세르툴라스(Scirpophaga incertulas), 페디아시아 테텔렐루스(Pediasia teterrellus), 프토리마에아 오페르쿨렐라(Phthorimaea operculella), 스타우로푸스 파기 페르시밀리스(Stauropus fagi persimilis), 에티엘라 진케넬라(Etiella zinckenella), 스포도프테라 이그지구아(Spodoptera exigua), 팔피페르 세크노타타(Palpifer sexnotata), 스포도프테라 마우리티아(Spodoptera mauritia), 스키르포파가 이노타타(Scirpophaga innotata), 크세스티아 c-니구럼(Xestia c-nigrum), 스포도프테라 데프라바타(Spodoptera depravata), 데페스티아 쿠에니엘라(Ephestia kuehniella), 안겔로나 프루나리아(Angerona prunaria), 클로스테라 아나스토모시스(Clostera anastomosis), 슈도플루시아 인클루덴스(Pseudoplusia includens), 마츠무라에세스 팔카나(Matsumuraeses falcana), 헬리코베르파 아설타(Helicoverpa assulta), 아우토그라파 니그리시그나(Autographa nigrisigna), 아그로티스 입실론(Agrotis ipsilon), 유프로티스 슈도콘스페르사(Euproctis pseudoconspersa), 아독소페스 오라나(Adoxophyes orana), 칼로프틸리아 티볼라(Caloptilia theivora), 호모나 마그나니마(Homona magnanima), 에페스티아 엘루텔라(Ephestia elutella), 유메타 미누스쿨라(Eumeta minuscula), 클로스테라 아나콜레타(Clostera anachoreta), 헬리오티스 마리티마(Heliothis maritima), 스파르가노티스 필레리아나(Sparganothis pilleriana), 부세올라 푸스카(Busseola fusca), 유프로크티스 서브플라바(Euproctis subflava), 비스톤 로부스툼(Biston robustum), 헬리오티스 제아(Heliothis zea), 아에디아 류코멜라스(Aedia leucomelas), 나로소이듀스 플라비도르살리스(Narosoideus flavidorsalis), 비미니아 루미시스(Viminia rumicis), 부쿨라트릭스 피리보렐라(Bucculatrix pyrivorella), 그라폴리타 몰레스타(Grapholita molesta), 스풀레리나 아스타우로타(Spulerina astaurota), 에크토미엘로이스 피리보렐라(Ectomyelois pyrivorella), 칠로 수프레살리스(Chilo suppressalis), 아크롤레피오프시스 사포렌시스(Acrolepiopsis sapporensis), 플로디아 인테르푼크텔라(Plodia interpunctella), 헬룰라 운달리스(Hellula undalis), 시토트로가 세레알렐라(Sitotroga cerealella), 스포도프테라 리투라(Spodoptera litura), 유코스마 아포레마(Eucosma aporema), 아클레리스 코마리아나(Acleris comariana), 스코펠로데스 콘트라크투스(Scopelodes contractus), 오르기아 티엘리나(Orgyia thyellina), 스포도프테라 플루기페르다(Spodoptera frugiperda), 오스트리니아 자굴리아에비(Ostrinia zaguliaevi), 나란가 아에네센스(Naranga aenescens), 안드라카 비푼크타타(Andraca bipunctata), 파란트레네 레갈리스(Paranthrene regalis), 아코스메릭스 카스타네아(Acosmeryx castanea), 필로크니스티스 토파르카(Phyllocnistis toparcha), 엔도피자 비테아나(Endopiza viteana), 유포에실리아 암비구엘라(Eupoecillia ambiguella), 안티카르시아 겜마탈리스(Anticarsia gemmatalis), 크네파시아 시네레이팔파나(Cnephasia cinereipalpana), 리만트리아 디스파르(Lymantria dispar), 덴드롤리무스 스페크타빌리스(Dendrolimus spectabilis), 레구미니보라 글리시니보렐라(Leguminivora glycinivorella), 마루카 테스툴랄리스(Maruca testulalis), 마츠무라에세스 파세올리(Matsumuraeses phaseoli), 칼로프틸리아 소이엘라(Caloptilia soyella), 필로크니스티스 시트렐라(Phyllocnistis citrella), 오미오데스 인디카타(Omiodes indicata), 아르칩스 프스코쿠프레아누스(Archips fuscocupreanus), 아칸토플루시아 아그나타(Acanthoplusia agnata), 밤발리나(Bambalina sp.), 카르포시나 니포넨시스(Carposina niponensis), 코노게테스 푼크티페랄리스(Conogethes punctiferalis), 시난테돈(Synanthedon sp.), 리오네티아 클레르켈라(Lyonetia clerkella), 파필리오 헬레누스(Papilio helenus), 콜리아스 에라테 폴리오그라푸스(Colias erate poliographus), 팔레라 플라베센스(Phalera flavescens), 피에리스 라파에 크루시보라(Pieris rapae crucivora), 피에리스 라파에(Pieris rapae) 등의 흰색 나비류, 유프로크티스 시밀리스(Euproctis similis), 아크롤레피오프시스 스즈키엘라(Acrolepiopsis suzukiella), 오스트리니아 누빌랄리스(Ostrinia nubilalis), 마메스트라 브라시카에(Mamestra brassicae), 아스코티스 셀레나리아(Ascotis selenaria), 프테오크로이데스 크란데스티나(Phtheochroides clandestina), 호시노아 아둠브라타나(Hoshinoa adumbratana), 오도네스티스 프로니 자포넨시스(Odonestis pruni japonensis), 트리아에나 인테르메디아(Triaena intermedia), 아독소피에스 오라나 파시아타(Adoxophyes orana fasciata), 그라폴리타 이노피나타(Grapholita inopinata), 스필로노타 오셀라나(Spilonota ocellana), 스필로노타 레크리아스피스(Spilonota lechriaspis), 일리베리스 프루니(Illiberis pruni), 아르기레스티아 콘주겔라(Argyresthia conjugella), 칼로프틸라 자크리사(Caloptilia zachrysa), 아르칩스 브레비플리카누스(Archips breviplicanus), 아노미스 플라바(Anomis flava), 페크티노폴라 고시피엘라(Pectinophora gossypiella), 노타르카 데로가타(Notarcha derogata), 디아파니아 인디카(Diaphania indica), 헬리오티스 비레센스(Heliothis virescens), 및 에아리아스 쿠프레오비리디스(Earias cupreoviridis) 등을 들 수 있다.
반시목(노린재목) 해충으로서 예를 들면, 네자라 안테나타(Nezara antennata), 스테노투스 루브로비타투스(Stenotus rubrovittatus), 그라포소마 루브롤리네아툼(Graphosoma rubrolineatum), 트리고노틸루스 코엘레스티아리움(Trigonotylus coelestialium) 등, 아에신텔레스 마쿨라투스(Aeschynteles maculatus), 크레온티아데스 팔리디페르(Creontiades pallidifer), 디스데르쿠스 신굴라투스(Dysdercus cingulatus), 크리솜팔루스 피쿠스(Chrysomphalus ficus), 아오니디엘라 아우란티(Aonidiella aurantii), 그라프토프살트리아 니그로푸스카타(Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata), 블리써슬류코프테루스(Blissusleucopterus), 이세리아 푸르카시(Icerya purchasi), 피에조도루스 히브네리(Piezodorus hybneri), 라시노토무스 엘론가투스(Lagynotomus elongatus), 타이아 수브루파(Thaia subrufa), 스코티노파라 루리다(Scotinophara lurida), 시토비온 이바라에(Sitobion ibarae), 스타리오데스 이와사키(Stariodes iwasakii), 아스피디오투스 데스트루크톨(Aspidiotus destructor), 타일로릴리구스 팔리둘루스(Taylorilygus pallidulus), 미주스무메콜라(Myzusmumecola), 슈다울라카스피스 프루니콜라(Pseudaulacaspis prunicola), 아키르토시폰 피숨(Acyrthosiphon pisum), 아나칸토콜리스 스트리콜니스(Anacanthocoris striicornis), 에크토메토프테로스 미칸툴루스(Ectometopterus micantulus), 아이사르콜리스 레위시(Eysarcoris lewisi), 몰리프테릭스 풀리기노사(Molipteryx fuliginosa), 시카델라 비리디스(Cicadella viridis), 로팔로소품 루피아브도미날리스(Rhopalosophum rufiabdominalis), 사이쎄티아 올레아에(Saissetia oleae), 트리알류로데스 바포라리오룸(Trialeurodes vaporariorum), 아구리아하나 쿠에르쿠스(Aguriahana quercus), 리구스(Lygus spp.), 유셀라피스 푼크티페니스(Euceraphis punctipennis), 안다스피스 카시콜라(Andaspis kashicola), 코쿠스 슈도마그놀리아룸(Coccus pseudomagnoliarum), 카벨레리우스 사카리보루스(Cavelerius saccharivorus), 갈레아투스 스피니프론스(Galeatus spinifrons), 마크로시포니엘라 산보르니(Macrosiphoniella sanborni), 아오니디엘라 시트리나(Aonidiella citrina), 할리오모르파 미스타(Halyomorpha mista), 스테파니티스 파시카리나(Stephanitis fasciicarina), 트리오자 캄포라에(Trioza camphorae), 레프토콜리사 치넨시스(Leptocorisa chinensis), 트리오자 쿠에르시콜라(Trioza quercicola), 울레리테스 라티우스(Uhlerites latius), 엘리트로뉴라 코메스(Erythroneura comes), 파로미우스 익시구스(Paromius exiguus), 두플라스피디오투스 클라비게르(Duplaspidiotus claviger), 네포테틱스 니그로픽투스(Nephotettix nigropictus), 할티시엘루스 인술라리스(Halticiellus insularis), 페르퀸시엘라 사칼리시다(Perkinsiella saccharicida), 싸일라 말리보렐라(Psylla malivorella), 아노모뮤라 모리(Anomomeura mori), 슈도코쿠스 롱기스피니스(Pseudococcus longispinis), 슈다울라카스피스 펜타고나(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona), 풀비나리아 쿠와콜라(Pulvinaria kuwacola), 아폴리구스 루코룸(Apolygus lucorum), 토고 헤미프테루스(Togo hemipterus), 톡소프테라 아우란티(Toxoptera aurantii), 사카리코쿠스 사카리(Saccharicoccus sacchari), 게오이카 루시푸가(Geoica lucifuga), 누마타 무이리(Numata muiri), 콤스톡카스피스 페르니시오사(Comstockaspis perniciosa), 우나스피스 시트리(Unaspis citri), 아울라콜툼 솔라니(Aulacorthum solani), 아이사르콜리스 벤트랄리스(Eysarcoris ventralis), 베미시아 아르겐티폴리(Bemisia argentifolii), 시카델라 스펙트라(Cicadella spectra), 아스피디오투스 헤데라에(Aspidiotus hederae), 리오르히써스 히아리누스(Liorhyssus hyalinus), 칼로피아 니그리도르살리스(Calophya nigridorsalis), 소가텔라 푸르시페라(Sogatella furcifera), 메고우라 크라씨카우다(Megoura crassicauda), 브레비코리네 브라시카에(Brevicoryne brassicae), 아피스 글리시네스(Aphis glycines), 레프토코리사 오라토리우스(Leptocorisa oratorius), 네포테틱스 비레센스(Nephotettix virescens), 우로유콘 포르모사눔(Uroeucon formosanum), 실토펠티스 텐누이스(Cyrtopeltis tennuis), 베미시아 타바시(Bemisia tabaci), 레카니움 페르시카에(Lecanium persicae), 팔라토리아 테아에(Parlatoria theae), 슈다오니디아 파에오니아에(Pseudaonidia paeoniae), 엠포아스카 오누키(Empoasca onukii), 플라우티아 스탈리(Plautia stali), 다이사피스 툴리파에(Dysaphis tulipae), 마크로시품 유포르비아에(Macrosiphum euphorbiae), 스테파니티스 피리오데스(Stephanitis pyrioides), 셀로플라테스 세리페루스(Ceroplastes ceriferus), 팔라토리아 카멜리아에(Parlatoria camelliae), 아폴리구스 스피놀라이(Apolygus spinolai), 네포테틱스 신크티셉스(Nephotettix cincticeps), 글라우시아스 섭푼크타투스(Glaucias subpunctatus), 오르토틸루스 플라보스파르수스(Orthotylus flavosparsus), 로팔로시품 마이디스(Rhopalosiphum maidis), 페레그리누스 마이디스(Peregrinus maidis), 아이사르코리스 파르부스(Eysarcoris parvus), 클리멕스 렉툴라리우스(Cimex lectularius), 싸일라 아비에티(Psylla abieti), 닐라파르바타 루겐스(Nilaparvata lugens), 싸일라 토비라에(Psylla tobirae), 유리데마 루고숨(Eurydema rugosum), 시자피스 피리콜라(Schizaphis piricola), 싸일라 피리콜라(Psylla pyricola), 팔라토레오프시스 피리(Parlatoreopsis pyri), 스테파니티스 나시(Stephanitis nashi), 다이스미코쿠스 위스타리아에(Dysmicoccus wistariae), 레폴류카스피스 자포니카(Lepholeucaspis japonica), 사파피스 피리(Sappaphis piri), 리파피스 에리시미(Lipaphis erysimi), 네오톡소프테라 포르모사나(Neotoxoptera formosana), 로팔로소품 님파에아에(Rhopalosophum nymphaeae), 에드월드시아나로사에(Edwardsianarosae), 핀나스피사스피디스트라에(Pinnaspisaspidistrae), 싸일라 알니(Psylla alni), 스퓨소테틱스 서브풀스쿨루스(Speusotettix subfusculus), 알네토이디아 알네티(Alnetoidia alneti), 소가텔라 파니시콜라(Sogatella panicicola), 아델포콜리스 리네올라투스(Adelphocoris lineolatus), 다이스데르쿠스 포에실루스(Dysdercus poecilus), 팔라토리아 지지피(Parlatoria ziziphi), 울레리테스 데빌레(Uhlerites debile), 라오델팍스 스트리아텔라(Laodelphax striatella), 유리데마 풀크룸(Eurydema pulchrum), 클레투스 트리고누스(Cletus trigonus), 클로비아 푼크타타(Clovia punctata), 엠포아스카(Empoasca sp.), 코쿠스 헤스페리둠(Coccus hesperidum), 파키브락우스 루리두스(Pachybrachius luridus), 플라노코쿠스 크라운히아에(Planococcus kraunhiae), 스테노투스 비노타투스(Stenotus binotatus), 아르보리디아 아피칼리스(Arboridia apicalis), 마크로스텔레스 파시프론스(Macrosteles fascifrons), 돌리콜리스 파카룸(Dolycoris baccarum), 아델포콜리스 트리아눌라투스(Adelphocoris triannulatus), 비테우스 비티폴리(Viteus vitifolii), 아칸토콜리스 소르디두스(Acanthocoris sordidus), 레프토콜리사 아쿠타(Leptocorisa acuta), 마크로페스 오브누빌루스(Macropes obnubilus), 클레투스 푼크티게르(Cletus punctiger), 리프토르투스 클라바투스(Riptortus clavatus), 파라트리오자 코케렐리(Paratrioza cockerelli), 아프로폴라 코스탈리스(Aphrophora costalis), 리구스 디스폰시(Lygus disponsi), 리구스 사운데르시(Lygus saundersi), 크리시코쿠스 피니(Crisicoccus pini), 엠포아스카 아비에티스(Empoasca abietis), 크리시코쿠스 마츠모토이(Crisicoccus matsumotoi), 아피스 크락보라(Aphis craccivora), 메가코프타 푼크타티씨뭄(Megacopta punctatissimum), 아이사르코리스 구티게르(Eysarcoris guttiger), 레피도사페스 벡키(Lepidosaphes beckii), 디아폴리나 시트리(Diaphorina citri), 톡소프테라 시트리시두스(Toxoptera citricidus), 플라노코쿠스 시트리(Planococcus citri), 디아류로데스 시트리(Dialeurodes citri), 알류로칸투스 스피니페루스(Aleurocanthus spiniferus), 슈도코쿠스 시트리쿨루스(Pseudococcus citriculus), 지기넬라 시트리(Zyginella citri), 풀비나리아 시트리콜라(Pulvinaria citricola), 코쿠스 디스크레판스(Coccus discrepans), 슈다오니디아 두플렉스(Pseudaonidia duplex), 풀비나리아 아우란티(Pulvinaria aurantii), 레카니움 콜이니(Lecanium corni), 네자라 비리둘라(Nezara viridula), 스테노데마 칼카라툼(Stenodema calcaratum), 로팔로시품 파디(Rhopalosiphum padi), 시토비온 아케비아에(Sitobion akebiae), 시자피스 그라미눔(Schizaphis graminum), 소르호아누스 트리티시(Sorhoanus tritici), 브라시카우두스 헬리크리시(Brachycaudus helichrysi), 카르포콜리스 푸르푸레이페니스(Carpocoris purpureipennis), 미주스 페르시카에(Myzus persicae), 히알로프테루스 프루니(Hyalopterus pruni), 아피스 파리노스 야나기콜라(Aphis farinose yanagicola), 메타살리스 포풀리(Metasalis populi), 우나스피스 야노넨시스(Unaspis yanonensis), 메소호모토마 캄포라에(Mesohomotoma camphorae), 아피스 스피라에콜라(Aphis spiraecola), 아피스 포미(Aphis pomi), 레피도사페스 울미(Lepidosaphes ulmi), 사일라 말리(Psylla mali), 페테르콜디루스 플라비페스(Heterocordylus flavipes), 미주스 말리수크투스(Myzus malisuctus), 아피도누구이스 말리(Aphidonuguis mali), 오리엔투스 이시다이(Orientus ishidai), 오바투스 말리코렌스(Ovatus malicolens), 에리오소마 라니게룸(Eriosoma lanigerum), 셀로플라스테스 루벤스(Ceroplastes rubens), 및 아피스 고시피(Aphis gossypii) 등을 들 수 있다.
초시목(딱정벌레목) 해충으로서 예를 들면, 자이스트로세라 글로보사(Xystrocera globosa), 파에데루스 푸시페스(Paederus fuscipes), 유세토니아 로엘로프시(Eucetonia roelofsi), 칼로소브루쿠스 치넨시스(Callosobruchus chinensis), 실라스 포르미카리우스(Cylas formicarius), 하이페라 포스티카(Hypera postica), 에키노크네무스 스퀘메우스(Echinocnemus squameus), 오울레마 오리자에(Oulema oryzae), 도나시아 프로보스티(Donacia provosti), 리쏘르호프트루스 오리조필루스(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), 콜라스포소마 다우리쿰(Colasposoma dauricum), 유스케페스 포스트파시아투스(Euscepes postfasciatus), 에필라크나 발리베스티스(Epilachna varivestis), 아칸토셀리데스 오브테크투스(Acanthoscelides obtectus), 디아브로티카 비르기페라 비르기페라(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), 인볼벌러스 쿠프레우스(Involvulus cupreus), 아울라코폴라 페모랄리스(Aulacophora femoralis), 브루쿠스 피소룸(Bruchus pisorum), 에필라크나 비긴티오크토마쿨라타(Epilachna vigintioctomaculata), 카르포필루스 디미디아투스(Carpophilus dimidiatus), 카씨다 네불로사(Cassida nebulosa), 루페로모르파 투네브로사(Luperomorpha tunebrosa), 필로트레타 스트리올라타(Phyllotreta striolata), 싸코테아 힐라리스(Psacothea hilaris), 아에올레스테스 크리소트릭스(Aeolesthes chrysothrix), 쿠르쿨리오 시키멘시스(Curculio sikkimensis), 카르포필루스 헤미프테루스(Carpophilus hemipterus), 옥시켄토니아 주쿤다(Oxycetonia jucunda), 디아브로티카(Diabrotica spp.), 미멜라 스플렌덴스(Mimela splendens), 시토필루스 제아마이스(Sitophilus zeamais), 트리볼리움 카스타네움(Tribolium castaneum), 시토필루스 오리자에(Sitophilus oryzae), 팔로루스 수브데프레서스(Palorus subdepressus), 멜로론타 자포니카(Melolontha japonica), 아노플로포라 말라시아카(Anoplophora malasiaca), 네아투스 피시페스(Neatus picipes), 레프티노타르사 데세밀리네아타(Leptinotarsa decemlineata), 디아브로티카 운데심푼크타타 호와르디(Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi), 슈페노포루스 베나투스(Sphenophorus venatus), 크리오세리스 쿼투오르데심푼크타타(Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata), 코노트라켈루스 네누파르(Conotrachelus nenuphar), 슈토르힌치디우스 알보수투랄리스(Ceuthorhynchidius albosuturalis), 파에돈 브라씨카에(Phaedon brassicae), 라시오데르마 셀리콜이네(Lasioderma serricorne), 시토나 자포니쿠스(Sitona japonicus), 아도레투스 테누이마쿨라투스(Adoretus tenuimaculatus), 테네브리오 몰리톨(Tenebrio molitor), 바실레프타 발리(Basilepta balyi), 히페라 니그리로스트리스(Hypera nigrirostris), 카에토크네마 콘신나(Chaetocnema concinna), 아노말라 쿠프레아(Anomala cuprea), 헤프토필라 피세아(Heptophylla picea), 에필라크나 비긴티오크토푼크타타(Epilachna vigintioctopunctata), 디아브로티카 롱기콜니스(Diabrotica longicornis), 유세토니아 필리페라(Eucetonia pilifera), 아그리오테스(Agriotes spp.), 아타게누스 우니코로르 자포니쿠스(Attagenus unicolor japonicus), 파그리아 시그나타(Pagria signata), 아노말라 루포쿠프레아(Anomala rufocuprea), 팔로루스 라쯔부르기(Palorus ratzeburgii), 알피토비우스 라에비가투스(Alphitobius laevigatus), 안트레누스 베르바시(Anthrenus verbasci), 리크투스 브루뉴스(Lyctus brunneus), 트리볼리움 콘푸숨(Tribolium confusum), 메디티아 니그로빌리네아타(Medythia nigrobilineata), 자일로트레쿠스 필로데루스(Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus), 데피트릭스 쿠쿠메리스(Epitrix cucumeris), 토미쿠스 피니페르다(Tomicus piniperda), 모노카무스 알테르나투스(Monochamus alternatus), 포필리아 자포니카(Popillia japonica), 에피카우타 고르하미(Epicauta gorhami), 시토필루스 제아마이스(Sitophilus zeamais), 린치테스 헤로스(Rhynchites heros), 리스트로데레스 코스티로스트리스(Listroderes costirostris), 칼로소브루쿠스 마쿨라투스(Callosobruchus maculatus), 필로비우스 아르마투스(Phyllobius armatus), 안토노무스 포모룸(Anthonomus pomorum), 리나에이데아 아에네아(Linaeidea aenea), 및 안토노무스 그란디스(Anthonomus grandis) 등을 들 수 있다.
쌍시목(파리목) 해충으로서 예를 들면, 쿨렉스 피피엔스 팔렌스(Culex pipiens pallens), 페고먀 효시아미(Pegomya hyoscyami), 리리오미자 후이도브렌시스(Liriomyza huidobrensis), 무스카 도메스티카(Musca domestica), 클로롭스 오리자에(Chlorops oryzae), 히드렐리아 사사키(Hydrellia sasakii), 아그로미자 오리자에(Agromyza oryzae), 히드렐리아 그리세올라(Hydrellia griseola), 히드렐리아 그리세올라(Hydrellia griseola), 오피오미아 파세올리(Ophiomyia phaseoli), 다쿠스 쿠쿠르비타에(Dacus cucurbitae), 드로소필라 스즈키(Drosophila suzukii), 라코클라에나 자포니카(Rhacochlaena japonica), 무시나 스타불란스(Muscina stabulans), 메가셀리아 스피라쿨라리스(Megaselia spiracularis) 등의 벼룩파리류, 클로그미아 알비푼크타타(Clogmia albipunctata), 티풀라 아이노(Tipula aino), 포르미아 레기나(Phormia regina), 쿨렉스 트리타에니오르힌쿠스(Culex tritaeniorhynchus), 아노펠레스 시넨시스(Anopheles sinensis), 힐레미아 브라시카에(Hylemya brassicae), 아스폰딜리아(Asphondylia sp.), 델리아 플라투라(Delia platura), 델리아 안티쿠아(Delia antiqua), 라골레티스 세라시(Rhagoletis cerasi), 쿨렉스 피펜스 몰레스투스 포르스칼(Culex pipiens molestus Forskal), 세라티티스 카피타타(Ceratitis capitata), 브라디시아 아그레스티스(Bradysia agrestis), 페고미아 쿠니쿨라리아(Pegomya cunicularia), 리리오미자 사티바에(Liriomyza sativae), 리리오미자 브리오니아에(Liriomyza bryoniae), 클로마토미아 포르티콜라(Chromatomyia horticola), 리리오미자 치넨시스(Liriomyza chinensis), 쿨렉스 퀸쿠에파시아투스(Culex quinquefasciatus), 아에데스 아에깁티(Aedes aegypti), 이에데스 알보픽투스(Aedes albopictus), 리리오미자 트리폴리(Liriomyza trifolii), 리리오미자 사티바에(Liriomyza sativae), 다쿠스 도르살리스(Dacus dorsalis), 다쿠스 츠네오니스(Dacus tsuneonis), 시토디플로시스 모셀라나(Sitodiplosis mosellana), 메로무자 니그리벤트리스(Meromuza nigriventris), 아나스트레파 루덴스(Anastrepha ludens), 및 라골레티스 포모넬라(Rhagoletis pomonella) 등을 들 수 있다.
막시목(벌목) 해충으로서 예를 들면, 프리스토미르멕스 푼겐스(Pristomyrmex pungens), 모노모리움 파라오니스(Monomorium pharaonis), 페이돌레 노다(Pheidole noda), 아탈리아 로사에(Athalia rosae), 드라이오코스무스 쿠리필루스(Dryocosmus kuriphilus), 포르미카 푸스카 자포니카(Formica fusca japonica), 말벌류, 아탈리아 인푸마타 인푸마타(Athalia infumata infumata), 아르게 파가나(Arge pagana), 아탈리아 자포니카(Athalia japonica), 아크로미르멕스(Acromyrmex spp.), 솔레노프시스(Solenopsis spp.), 아르게 말리(Arge mali), 및 오케텔루스 글라베르(Ochetellus glaber) 등을 들 수 있다.
직시목(메뚜기목) 해충으로서 예를 들면, 호모로코리푸스 리네오수스(Homorocoryphus lineosus), 그릴로탈파(Gryllotalpa sp.), 옥시아 힐라 인트리카타(Oxya hyla intricata), 옥시아 예조엔시스(Oxya yezoensis), 로쿠스타 미그라토리아(Locusta migratoria), 옥시아 자포니카(Oxya japonica), 호모로코리푸스 제조엔시스(Homorocoryphus jezoensis), 및 텔레오그릴루스 엠마(Teleogryllus emma) 등을 들 수 있다.
총체벌레목 해충으로서 예를 들면, 셀레노트립스 루브로신크투스(Selenothrips rubrocinctus), 스텐카에토트립스 비포르미스(Stenchaetothrips biformis), 하플로트립스 아쿨레아투스(Haplothrips aculeatus), 폰티쿨로트립스 디오스필로시(Ponticulothrips diospyrosi), 트립스 플라부스(Thrips flavus), 아나포트립스 오브스쿠루스(Anaphothrips obscurus), 리오트립스 플로리덴시스(Liothrips floridensis), 트립스 심플렉스(Thrips simplex), 트립스 니그로필로수스(Thrips nigropilosus), 헬리오트립스 하에모로이달리스(Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis), 슈도덴드로트립스 모리(Pseudodendrothrips mori), 미클로세팔로트립스 압도미날리스(Microcephalothrips abdominalis), 류웨니아 파사니(Leeuwenia pasanii), 리토테토트립스 파사니아에(Litotetothrips pasaniae), 시르토트립스 시트리(Scirtothrips citri), 하플로트립스 치넨시스(Haplothrips chinensis), 마이크테로트립스 글리시네스(Mycterothrips glycines), 트립스 세토수스(Thrips setosus), 시르토트립스 도르살리스(Scirtothrips dorsalis), 덴드로트립스 미노와이(Dendrothrips minowai), 하플로트립스 니게르(Haplothrips niger), 트립스 타바시(Thrips tabaci), 트립스 알리오룸(Thrips alliorum), 트립스 아와이엔시스(Thrips hawaiiensis), 하플로트립스 쿠르드주모비(Haplothrips kurdjumovi), 치로트립스 마니카투스(Chirothrips manicatus), 프란클리니엘라 인톤사(Frankliniella intonsa), 트립스 콜로라투스(Thrips coloratus),프란클리넬라 옥시덴탈리스(Franklinella occidentalis), 트립스 팔미(Thrips palmi), 플란클리니엘라 릴리볼라(Frankliniella lilivora), 및 리오트립스 바넥케이(Liothrips vaneeckei) 등을 들 수 있다.
응애목 해충으로서 예를 들면, 렙토트롬비디움 아카무시(Leptotrombidium akamushi), 테트라니쿠스 루데니(Tetranychus ludeni), 데르마센토르 발리아빌리스(Dermacentor variabilis), 테트라니쿠스 트룬카투스(Tetranychus truncatus), 오르니토니수스 바코티(Ornithonyssus bacoti), 데모덱스 카니스(Demodex canis), 테트라니쿠스 비에넨시스(Tetranychus viennensis), 테트라니쿠스 칸자와이(Tetranychus kanzawai), 리피세팔루스 산귀뉴스(Rhipicephalus sanguineus) 등의 진드기류, 케일레투스 말라센시스(Cheyletus malaccensis), 타이로파구스 푸트레센티아에(Tyrophagus putrescentiae), 데르마토파고이데스 파리나에(Dermatophagoides farinae), 라트로덱투스 하셀티(Latrodectus hasseltii), 데르마센토르 타이와니쿠스(Dermacentor taiwanicus), 아카필라 테아바그란스(Acaphylla theavagrans), 폴리파고타르소네무스 라투스(Polyphagotarsonemus latus), 아쿠롭스 리코페르시시(Aculops lycopersici), 오르니토니수스 실바이룸(Ornithonyssus sylvairum), 테트라니쿠스 우르티카에(Tetranychus urticae), 에리오피에스 치바엔시스(Eriophyes chibaensis), 사르코프테스 스카비에이(Sarcoptes scabiei), 하에마피살리스 롱기콜니스(Haemaphysalis longicornis), 익소데스 스카풀라리스(Ixodes scapularis), 타이로파구스 시밀리스(Tyrophagus similis), 케일레투스 에루디투스(Cheyletus eruditus), 파노니쿠스 시트리(Panonychus citri), 케일레투스 무레이(Cheyletus moorei), 브레비팔푸스 포에니시스(Brevipalpus phoenicis), 옥토덱테스 시노티스(Octodectes cynotis), 데르마토파고이데스 트레니스누스(Dermatophagoides ptrenyssnus), 하에마프살리스 플라바(Haemaphysalis flava), 익소데스 오바투스(Ixodes ovatus), 필로코프트루타 시트리(Phyllocoptruta citri), 아쿨루스 슐레크텐달리(Aculus schlechtendali), 파노니쿠스 울미(Panonychus ulmi), 암블리옴마 아메리카눔(Amblyomma americanum), 및 데르마니수스 갈리나에(Dermanyssus gallinae), 리조글리푸스 로비니(Rhyzoglyphus robini), 산카싸니아(Sancassania sp.) 등을 들 수 있다.
흰개미목 해충으로서 예를 들면, 레티쿨리테르메스 미야타케이(Reticulitermes miyatakei), 인시시테르메스 미놀(Incisitermes minor), 코프토테르메스 포르모사누스(Coptotermes formosanus), 호도테르모프시스 자포니카(Hodotermopsis japonica), 레티쿨리테르메스(Reticulitermes sp.), 레티쿨리테르메스 플라비셉스 아마미아누스(Reticulitermes flaviceps amamianus), 글리프토테르메스 쿠시멘시스(Glyptotermes kushimensis), 코프토테르메스 구앙조엔시스(Coptotermes guangzhoensis), 네오테르메스 코슈넨시스(Neotermes koshunensis), 글리프토테르메스 코다마이(Glyptotermes kodamai), 글리프토테르메스 사츠멘시스(Glyptotermes satsumensis), 크라이프토테르메스 도메스티쿠스(Cryptotermes domesticus), 오돈토테르메스 포르모사누스(Odontotermes formosanus), 글리프토테르메스 나카지마이(Glyptotermes nakajimai), 페리카프리테르메스 니토베이(Pericapritermes nitobei), 및 레티쿨리테르메스 스페라투스(Reticulitermes speratus) 등을 들 수 있다.
바퀴목 해충으로서 예를 들면, 페리플라네타 풀리기노사(Periplaneta fuliginosa), 블랏텔라 게르마니카(Blattella germanica), 블랏타 오리엔탈리스(Blatta orientalis), 페리플라네타 브루네아(Periplaneta brunnea), 블랏텔라 리투리콜리스(Blattella lituricollis), 페리플라네타 자포니카(Periplaneta japonica), 및 페리플라네타 아메리카나(Periplaneta americana) 등을 들 수 있다.
벼룩목으로서 예를 들면, 풀렉스 일리탄스(Pulex irritans), 크테노셉할리데스 펠리스(Ctenocephalides felis), 및 세라토필루스 갈리나에(Ceratophyllus gallinae) 등을 들 수 있다.
선충류로서 예를 들면, 노토틸렌쿠스 아크리스(Nothotylenchus acris), 아펠렌초이데스 베세이(Aphelenchoides besseyi), 프라틸렌쿠스 페네트란스(Pratylenchus penetrans), 멜로이도기네 하플라(Meloidogyne hapla), 멜로이도기네 인코그니타(Meloidogyne incognita), 글로보데라 로스토티엔시스(Globodera rostochiensis), 멜로이도기네 자바니카(Meloidogyne javanica), 헤테로데라 글리시네스(Heterodera glycines), 프라틸렌쿠스 코페아에(Pratylenchus coffeae), 프라틸렌쿠스 네그렉투스(Pratylenchus neglectus), 및 틸렌쿠스 세미페네트란스(Tylenchus semipenetrans) 등을 들 수 있다.
연체동물류로서 예를 들면, 포마세아 카날리쿨라타(Pomacea canaliculata), 아차티나 풀리카(Achatina fulica), 메그히마티움 빌리네아툼(Meghimatium bilineatum), 레만니나 발렌티아나(Lehmannina valentiana), 리맥스 플라부스(Limax flavus), 및 아쿠스타 데스펙타 시에볼디아나(Acusta despecta sieboldiana) 등을 들 수 있다.
또한, 본 발명의 농원예용 살충제는, 그 외의 해충으로서 투타 압솔루타(Tuta absoluta)에 대해서도 강한 살충 효과를 갖는 것이다.
또한 방제 대상 중 하나인 동물 기생성의 진드기로서 예를 들면, 부필루스 미클로플루스(Boophilus microplus), 리피세파루스 산귀뉴스(Rhipicephalus sanguineus), 하에마피살리스 롱기콜니스(Haemaphysalis longicornis), 하에마피살리스 플라바(Haemaphysalis flava), 하에마피살리스 캄파눌라타(Haemaphysalis campanulata), 하에마피살리스 콘신나(Haemaphysalis concinna), 하에마피살리스 자포니카(Haemaphysalis japonica), 하에마피살리스 키타오카이(Haemaphysalis kitaokai), 하에마피살리스 이아스(Haemaphysalis ias), 익소데스 오바투스(Ixodes ovatus), 익소데스 니포넨시스(Ixodes nipponensis), 익소데스 페르술카투스(Ixodes persulcatus), 앰블리옴마 테스투디나리움(Amblyomma testudinarium), 하에마피살리스 메가스피노사(Haemaphysalis megaspinosa), 데르마센토르 레티쿨라투스(Dermacentor reticulatus), 및 데르마센토르 타이와네시스(Dermacentor taiwanesis)와 같은 진드기류, 데르마니수스 갈리나에(Dermanyssus gallinae), 오르니토니수스 실비아룸(Ornithonyssus sylviarum), 및 오르니토니수스 부르사(Ornithonyssus bursa)와 같은 나무 구더기 진드기류, 유트롬비쿨라 위치만니(Eutrombicula wichmanni), 레프토트롬비디움 아카무시(Leptotrombidium akamushi), 레프토트롬비디움 팔리둠(Leptotrombidium pallidum), 레프토트롬비디움 후지(Leptotrombidium fuji), 레프토트롬비디움 토사(Leptotrombidium tosa), 테오트롬비쿨라 아우툼날리스(Neotrombicula autumnalis), 유트롬비쿨라 알프레드두게시(Eutrombicula alfreddugesi), 및 헬레니쿨라 미야가와이(Helenicula miyagawai)와 같은 쯔쯔가무시류, 케일레티엘라 야스구리(Cheyletiella yasguri), 케일레티엘라 파라시티볼락스(Cheyletiella parasitivorax), 및 케일레티엘라 블라케이(Cheyletiella blakei)와 같은 발톱 진드기류, 소로프테스 쿠니쿨리(Psoroptes cuniculi), 초리오프테스 보비스(Chorioptes bovis), 오토덱테스 시노티스(Otodectes cynotis), 사르코프테스 스카비에이(Sarcoptes scabiei), 및 노토에드레스 카티(Notoedres cati)와 같은 옴벌레류, 및 데모덱스 카니스(Demodex canis)와 같은 모낭충류 등을 들 수 있다.
다른 방제 대상인 벼룩으로서 예를 들면, 시포나프테라(Siphonaptera)에 속하는 외부 기생성 무시곤충, 보다 구체적으로는, 사람벼룩과(Pulicidae), 및 세라테필루스(Ceratephyllus) 등에 속하는 벼룩류를 들 수 있다. 사람벼룩과에 속하는 벼룩류로서는, 예를 들면, 크테노세팔리데스 카니스(Ctenocephalides canis), 크테노세팔리데스 펠리스(Ctenocephalides felis), 풀렉스 일리탄스(Pulex irritans), 에키드노파가 갈리나세아(Echidnophaga gallinacea), 크세노프실라 케오피스(Xenopsylla cheopis), 레프토싸일라 세그니스(Leptopsylla segnis), 노소싸일러스 파시아투스(Nosopsyllus fasciatus), 및 모노싸일러스 아니서스(Monopsyllus anisus) 등을 들 수 있다.
또 다른 방제 대상인 외부 기생 생물로서는 예를 들면, 하에마토피누스 유리스테르누스(Haematopinus eurysternus), 하에마토피누스 아시니(Haematopinus asini), 달마리니아 오비스(Dalmalinia ovis), 리노그나투스 비툴리(Linognathus vituli), 하에마토피누스 수이스(Haematopinus suis), 프티루스 푸비스(Phthirus pubis), 및 페디쿨러스 카피티스(Pediculus capitis)와 같은 이류, 및 트리초덱테스 카니스(Trichodectes canis)와 같은 긁는이류, 타바누스 트리고누스(Tabanus trigonus), 쿨리코이데스 슐체이(Culicoides schultzei), 및 시물리움 오르나툼(Simulium ornatum)과 같은 흡혈성 쌍시목 해충 등을 들 수 있다. 또한 내부 기생 생물로서는 예를 들면, 폐충, 편충, 결절 형상 웜, 위 내 기생충, 회충, 및 사상충류와 같은 선충류, 만손열두조충, 광절열두조충, 과실촌충, 다두촌충, 단포조충, 및 다포조충과 같은 촌충류, 일본주혈흡충, 및 간충과 같은 흡충류, 및 콕시듐, 말라리아 원충, 장 내 육포자충, 톡소플라스마, 및 크립토스폴리듐과 같은 원생 동물 등을 들 수 있다.
본 발명의 일반식(1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류를 유효 성분으로 하는 농원예용 살충제는, 논작물, 밭작물, 과수, 채소, 그 외의 작물 및 화훼 등에 피해를 주는 상기 해충에 대해 현저한 방제 효과를 가지므로, 해충의 발생이 예측되는 시기에 맞추어, 해충의 발생 전 또는 발생이 확인된 시점에서 육묘 시설, 논, 밭, 과수, 채소, 그 외의 작물, 화훼 등의 종자, 논수, 경엽 또는 토양 등의 재배 담체 등에 처리함으로써 본 발명의 농원예용 살충제의 소기의 효과가 발휘되는 것이다. 그 중에서도, 작물, 화훼 등의 육묘 토양, 이식시 그루터기, 관개수, 수경재배에 있어서의 재배 물 등에 처리하고, 토양을 통해 또는 통하지 않고 뿌리부터 본 발명 화합물을 흡수시키는 것에 의한 이른바 침투 이행성을 이용한 시용이 바람직한 사용 형태이다.
본 발명의 농원예용 살충제를 사용할 수 있는 유용 식물은 특별히 한정되는 것은 아니지만, 예를 들면 곡류(예를 들면, 벼, 보리, 밀, 호밀, 오트밀, 옥수수 등), 콩류(콩, 팥, 잠두콩, 완두콩, 강낭콩, 낙화생 등), 과수·과실류(사과, 감귤류, 배, 포도, 복숭아, 매실, 앵두, 호두, 밤, 아몬드, 바나나 등), 잎·과채류(양배추, 토마토, 시금치, 브로콜리, 양상추, 양파, 파(큰 산파, 실파), 피망, 가지, 딸기, 페파, 고추, 오크라 부추 등), 근채류(당근, 감자, 고구마, 토란, 무, 그루터기, 연근, 우엉, 마늘, 락교 등), 가공용 작물(솜, 삼, 비트, 폽, 사탕수수, 사탕무, 올리브, 고무, 커피, 담배, 차 등), 박류(호박, 오이, 수박, 참외, 멜론 등), 목초류(오처드 그래스, 수수, 티머시, 클로버, 앨팰퍼 등), 잔디류(금잔디, 벤트그래스 등), 향료 등 감상용 작물(라벤더, 로즈마리, 타임, 파슬리, 후추, 생강 등), 화훼류(국화, 장미, 카네이션, 난초, 튤립, 등), 정원수(은행나무, 벚꽃류, 상록수 등), 임목(분비나무류, 가문비나무류, 소나무류, 노송나무, 삼나무, 노송나무, 유칼립투스 등) 등의 식물을 들 수 있다.
상기 「식물」에는, 이소자플루톨 등의 HPPD 저해제, 이마제타필, 티펜설퓨론메틸 등의 ALS 저해제, 글리포세이트 등의 EPSP 합성 효소 저해제, 글루포시네이트 등의 글루타민 합성 효소 저해제, 세톡시딤 등의 아세틸 CoA 카복실라제 저해제, 브로목시닐, 디캄바, 2, 4-D 등의 제초제에 대한 내성을 고전적인 육종법, 혹은 유전자 재조합 기술에 의해 내성이 부여된 식물도 포함된다.
고전적인 육종법에 의해 내성이 부여된 「식물」의 예로서는, 이마제타필 등의 이미다졸리논계 ALS 저해형 제초제에 내성의 유채씨, 밀, 해바라기, 벼가 있어 Clearfield(등록상표)의 상품명으로 이미 판매된다. 마찬가지로 고전적인 육종법에 의한 티펜설퓨론메틸 등의 설포닐우레아계 ALS 저해형 제초제에 내성의 콩이 있어, STS 콩의 상품명으로 이미 판매된다. 마찬가지로 고전적인 육종법에 의해 트리온옥심계, 아릴옥시페녹시프로피온산계 제초제 등의 아세틸 CoA 카복실라제 저해제에 내성이 부여된 식물의 예로서 SR 콘 등이 있다. 또한 아세틸 CoA 카복실라제 저해제에 내성이 부여된 식물은 프로시딘그즈 오브 더 내셔널 아카데미 오브 사이언시즈 오브 더 유나이티드 스테이트 오브 아메리카(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA) 87권, 7175~7179p(1990년) 등에 기재되어 있다. 또한 아세틸 CoA 카복실라제 저해제에 내성의 변이 아세틸 CoA 카복실라제가 위드·사이언스(Weed Science) 53권, 728~746p(2005년) 등에 보고되어 있으며, 이렇게 한 변이 아세틸 CoA 카복실라제 유전자를 유전자 재조합 기술에 의해 식물에 도입하거나 혹은 저항성 부여에 관련된 변이를 식물 아세틸 CoA 카복실라제에 도입함으로써, 아세틸 CoA 카복실라제 저해제에 내성의 식물을 작출할 수 있으며, 또한, 키메라플라스티 기술(Gura T. 1999. Repairing the Genome's Spelling Mistakes. Science 285: 316-318.)로 대표되는 염기 치환 변이 도입 핵산을 식물세포 내에 도입하여 식물의 아세틸 CoA 카복실라제 유전자나 ALS 유전자 등에 부위 특이적 아미노산 치환 변이를 도입함으로써, 아세틸 CoA 카복실라제 저해제나 ALS 저해제 등에 내성의 식물을 작출할 수 있으며, 이들 식물에 대해서도 본 발명의 농원예용 살충제를 사용할 수 있다.
또한 유전자 재조합 식물로 발현되는 독소로서, 바실루스·세레우스나 바실루스·포필리에 유래의 살충성 단백; 바실루스·투링기엔시스 유래의 Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 또는 Cry9C 등의 δ-엔도톡신, VIP1, VIP2, VIP3 또는 VIP3A 등의 살충 단백; 선충 유래의 살충 단백; 전갈 독소, 거미 독소, 벌 독소 또는 곤충 특이적 신경 독소 등 동물에 의해 생산되는 독소; 사상균류 독소; 식물 렉틴; 아글루티닌; 트립신 저해제, 세린프로테아제 저해제, 파타틴, 시스타틴, 파파인 저해제 등의 프로테아제 저해제; 리신, 옥수수-RIP, 아브린, 루핀, 사포린, 브리오딘 등의 리보솜 불활성화 단백(RIP); 3-히드록시스테로이드옥시다아제, 엑디스테로이드-UDP-글루코실트란스페라아제, 콜레스테롤옥시다아제 등의 스테로이드 대사 효소; 엑다이손 저해제; HMG-CoA 리덕타제; 나트륨 채널, 칼슘 채널 저해제 등의 이온 채널 저해제; 유약 호르몬 에스테라아제; 이뇨 호르몬 수용체; 스틸벤 신타아제; 비벤질 신타아제; 키티나아제; 글루카나아제 등을 들 수 있다.
또한 이와 같은 유전자 재조합 식물로 발현되는 독소로서, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1, Cry9C, Cry34Ab 또는 Cry35Ab 등의 δ-엔도톡신단백, VIP1, VIP2, VIP3 또는 VIP3A 등의 살충 단백의 하이브리드 독소, 일부를 결손한 독소, 수식된 독소도 포함된다. 하이브리드 독소는 재조합 기술을 이용하며, 이들 단백이 다른 도메인의 새로운 조합에 의해서 만든다. 일부를 결손한 독소로서는, 아미노산 배열의 일부를 결손한 Cry1Ab가 알려져 있다. 수식된 독소로서는, 천연형 독소의 아미노산 중 하나 또는 복수가 치환된다. 이들 독소의 예 및 이들 독소를 합성할 수 있는 재조합 식물은, EP-A-0 374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 427 529, EP-A-451 878, WO 03/052073 등에 기재되어 있다.
이들 재조합 식물에 포함되는 독소는, 특히, 딱정벌레목 해충, 반시목 해충, 쌍시목 해충, 인시류 해충, 선충류에의 내성을 식물에 부여한다. 본 발명의 농원예용 살충제는 그들 기술과 병용, 혹은 체계화하여 이용할 수도 있다.
본 발명의 농원예용 살충제는 각종 해충을 방제하기 위해 그대로, 또는 물 등으로 적절하게 희석하거나, 혹은 현탁시킨 형태로 해충 혹은 선충 방제에 유효한 양을 해당 해충 및 선충의 발생이 예측되는 식물에 사용할 수 있으며, 예를 들면 과수, 곡류, 채소 등에서 발생하는 해충 및 선충에 대해서는 경엽부에 살포하는 것 외에, 종자의 약제에의 침지, 종자분의, 카르파 처리 등의 종자 처리, 토양 전층 혼화, 이랑시용, 상토혼화, 셀모종 처리, 심을 구덩이 처리, 주원처리, 톱드레싱, 벼의 상자 처리, 수면시용 등, 토양 등에 처리하고 뿌리부터 흡수시켜 사용할 수도 있다. 뿐만아닐라, 양액(수경)재배에 있어서의 양액에의 시용, 훈연 혹은 수간 주입 등에 의한 사용도 할 수 있다. 또한, 본 발명의 농원예용 살충제는, 그대로, 또는 물 등으로 적절하게 희석하거나, 혹은 현탁시킨 형태로 해충 방제에 유효한 양을 해당 해충의 발생이 예측되는 장소에 사용할 수 있으며, 예를 들면 저곡해충, 가옥해충, 위생해충, 삼림해충 등에 살포하는 것 외에, 가옥 건재에의 도포, 훈연, 베이트 등으로서 사용할 수도 있다.
종자 처리의 방법으로서는, 예를 들면, 액상 또는 고체형상의 제제를 희석 또는 희석하지 않고 액체 상태에서 종자를 침지하여 약제를 침투시키는 방법, 고형 제제 또는 액상 제제를 종자와 혼화, 분의 처리하여 종자의 표면에 부착시키는 방법, 수지, 폴리머 등의 부착성 담체와 혼화하여 종자에 코팅하는 방법, 이식과 동시에 종자 부근에 살포하는 방법 등을 들 수 있다. 해당 종자 처리를 실시하는 「종자」란, 식물의 번식에 이용되는 재배 초기의 식물체를 의미하며, 예를 들면, 종자 외에, 구근, 괴경, 씨감자, 주아, 산마주아, 인경, 혹은 꺾꽂이 재배용인 영양 번식용 식물체를 들 수 있다. 본 발명의 사용 방법을 실시하는 경우의 식물의 「토양」 또는 「재배 담체」란, 작물을 재배하기 위한 지지체, 특히 뿌리를 나게 하는 지지체를 나타내는 것이며, 재질은 특별히 제한되지 않지만, 식물이 생육할 수 있는 재질이면 괜찮고, 이른바 토양, 육묘 매트, 물 등이어도 괜찮고, 구체적인 소재로서는 예를 들면, 모래, 경석, 버미큘라이트, 규조토, 한천, 겔형상 물질, 고분자 물질, 록울, 글라스울, 목재칩, 버크 등이어도 괜찮다.
작물경엽부 또는 저곡해충, 가옥해충, 위생해충 혹은 삼림해충 등에의 살포 방법으로서는, 유제, 플로어블제 등의 액체 제제 또는 수화제 혹은 과립 수화제 등의 고형 제제를 물로 적절하게 희석하여, 살포하는 방법, 분제를 살포하는 방법, 또한 훈연 등을 들 수 있다.
토양에의 시용 방법으로서는, 예를 들면, 액체 제제를 물에 희석 또는 희석하지 않고 식물체의 주원 또는 육묘용 묘상 등에 시용하는 방법, 과립제를 식물체의 주원 또는 육묘를 위한 묘상 등에 살포하는 방법, 파종 전 또는 이식 전에 분제, 수화제, 과립 수화제, 과립제 등을 살포하여 토양 전체와 혼화하는 방법, 파종 전 또는 식물체를 심기 전에 심을 구덩이, 고랑 등에 분제, 수화제, 과립 수화제, 과립제 등을 살포하는 방법 등을 들 수 있다.
수도의 육묘상자에의 시용 방법으로서는, 제형은, 예를 들면 파종시 시용, 녹화기 시용, 이식시 시용 등의 시용 시기에 따라 다른 경우도 있지만, 분제, 과립 수화제, 과립제 등의 제형으로 시용할 수 있다. 배토와의 혼화에 따라서도 시용할 수 있으며, 배토와 분제, 과립 수화제 또는 과립제 등과의 혼화, 예를 들면, 상토 혼화, 복토 혼화, 배토 전체에의 혼화 등을 할 수 있다. 단지, 배토와 각종 제제를 교대로 층 형상으로 하여 시용할 수 있다.
논에의 시용 방법으로서는, 점보제, 팩제, 과립제, 과립 수화제 등의 고형 제제, 플로어블, 유제 등의 액체 형상 제제를, 통상은, 담수 상태의 논에 살포한다. 그 외, 모내기 시에는, 적당한 제제를 그대로, 혹은, 비료에 혼화하여 토양에 살포, 주입할 수도 있다. 또한, 수구나 관개 장치 등의 논에의 물의 유입원에 유제, 플로어블 등의 약액을 이용함으로써, 물의 공급에 따라 생력적으로 시용할 수도 있다.
밭작물에 있어서는, 파종으로부터 육묘기에 있어서, 종자 또는 식물체에 근접하는 재배 담체 등으로 처리할 수 있다. 밭에 직접 파종하는 식물에 있어서는, 종자에의 직접 처리 외에, 재배중인 식물의 주원에의 처리가 바직하다. 과립제를 이용하여 살포 처리 또는 물에 희석 혹은 희석하지 않는 약제를 액상으로 관주처리를 실시하는 것 등이 가능하다. 과립제를 파종전의 재배 담체와 혼화시퀸 후, 파종하는 것도 바람직한 처리이다. 이식을 실시하는 재배 식물의 파종, 육묘기의 처리로서는, 종자에의 직접 처리 외에, 육묘용 묘상에의, 액상으로 한 약제의 관주처리 또는 과립제의 살포 처리가 바람직하다. 또한, 정식 시에 과립제를 심을 구덩이에 처리하거나, 이식 장소 부근의 재배 담체에 혼화하는 것도 바람직한 처리이다. 본 발명의 농원예용 살충제는, 농약 제제상의 상법에 따라 사용상 사정이 좋은 형상에 제제하여 사용하는 것이 일반적이다. 즉, 본 발명의 일반식(1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류는 이들을 적당한 불활성 담체에, 또는 필요에 따라 보조제와 함께 적당한 비율로 배합하여 용해, 분리, 현탁, 혼합, 함침, 흡착 혹은 부착시켜 적당의 제형, 예를 들면 현탁제, 유제, 액제, 수화제, 과립 수화제, 과립제, 분제, 정제, 팩제 등으로 제조하여 사용할 수 있다.
본 발명의 조성물(농원예용 살충제 또는 동물 기생 생물 방제제)은, 유효 성분 외에 필요에 따라 농약 제제 또는 동물 기생 생물 방제별로 통상 이용되는 첨가 성분을 함유할 수 있다. 이 첨가 성분으로서는, 고체담체, 액체담체 등의 담체, 계면활성제, 분산제, 습윤제, 결합제, 점착 부여제, 증점제, 착색제, 확전제, 전착제, 동결 방지제, 고결 방지제, 붕괴제, 분해 방지제 등을 들 수 있다. 그 외 필요에 따라, 방부제, 식물편 등을 첨가 성분에 이용할 수 있다. 이들 첨가 성분은 단독으로 이용할 수 있으며, 또한, 2종 이상을 조합하여 이용할 수 있다.
고체담체로서는, 예를 들면 석영, 진흙, 카올리나이트, 파이로필라이트, 세리사이트, 탈크, 벤토나이트, 산성 백토, 아타풀자이트, 제올라이트, 규조토 등의 천연 광물류, 탄산칼슘, 황산암모늄, 황산나트륨, 염화칼륨 등의 무기염류, 합성규산, 합성규산염, 전분, 셀룰로오스, 식물 분말(예를 들면 톱밥, 코코넛 껍질, 옥수수 이삭축, 담배 줄기 등) 등의 유기 고체 담체, 폴리에틸렌, 폴리프로필렌, 폴리염화비닐리덴 등의 플라스틱 담체, 요소, 무기 중공체, 플라스틱 중공체, 흄드 실리카(fumed silica, 화이트 카본) 등을 들 수 있다. 이들은 단독으로 이용할 수 있으며, 또한, 2종 이상을 조합하여 이용할 수 있다.
액체담체로서는, 예를 들면, 메탄올, 에탄올, 프로판올, 이소프로판올, 부탄올 등의 일가 알코올류나, 에틸렌글리콜, 디에틸렌글리콜, 프로필렌글리콜, 헥실렌글리콜, 폴리에틸렌글리콜, 폴리프로필렌글리콜, 글리세린 등의 다가 알코올류와 같은 알코올류, 프로필렌글리콜에테르 등의 다가 알코올 화합물류, 아세톤, 메틸에틸케톤, 메틸이소부틸케톤, 디이소부틸케톤, 시클로헥사논 등의 케톤류, 에틸에테르, 디옥산, 에틸렌글리콜모노에틸에테르, 디프로필에테르, 테트라히드로푸란 등의 에테르류, 노말파라핀, 나프텐, 이소파라핀, 케로신, 광유 등의 지방족 탄화수소류, 벤젠, 톨루엔, 크실렌, 솔벤트나프타, 알킬나프탈렌 등의 방향족 탄화수소류, 디클로로메탄, 클로로포름, 사염화탄소 등의 할로겐화 탄화수소류, 아세트산에틸, 디이소프로필프탈레이트, 디부틸프탈레이트, 디옥틸프탈레이트, 아디핀산디메틸 등의 에스테르류, γ-부틸올락톤 등의 락톤류, 디메틸포름아미드, 디에틸포름아미드, 디메틸아세트아미드, N-알킬피롤리디논 등의 아미드류, 아세토니트릴 등의 니트릴류, 디메틸설폭시드 등의 유황 화합물류, 콩기름, 유채씨유, 면실유, 피마자유 등의 식물유, 물 등을 들 수 있다. 이들은 단독으로 이용할 수 있으며, 또한, 2종 이상을 조합하여 이용할 수 있다.
분산제나 습전제로서 이용하는 계면활성제로서는, 예를 들면 소르비탄 지방산 에스테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 소르비탄 지방산 에스테르, 자당 지방산 에스테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 지방산 에스테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 수지산에스테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 지방산 디에스테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬아릴에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬페닐에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 디알킬페닐에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬페닐에테르 포르말린축합물, 폴리옥시에틸렌 폴리옥시프로필렌 블럭코폴리머, 폴리스틸렌 폴리옥시에틸렌 블록폴리머, 알킬폴리옥시에틸렌 폴리프로필렌 블록코폴리머에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬아민, 폴리옥시에틸렌 지방산 아미드, 폴리옥시에틸렌 지방산 비스페닐에테르, 폴리알킬렌벤질페닐에테르, 폴리옥시알킬렌스티릴페닐에테르, 아세틸렌디올, 폴리옥시알킬렌 부가 아세틸렌디올, 폴리옥시에틸렌에테르형 실리콘, 에스테르형 실리콘, 불소계 계면활성제, 폴리옥시에틸렌 피마자유, 폴리옥시에틸렌경화 피마자유 등의 비이온성 계면활성제, 알킬 황산염, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬에테르 황산염, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬페닐에테르 황산염, 폴리옥시에틸렌 스티릴페닐에테르 황산염, 알킬벤젠 설폰산염, 알킬아릴 설폰산염, 리그닌 설폰산염, 알킬 설포호박산염, 나프탈렌 설폰산염, 알킬나프탈렌 설폰산염, 나프탈렌 설폰산의 포르말린축합물의 염, 알킬나프탈렌 설폰산의 포르말린축합물의 염, 지방산염, 폴리카복실산염, 폴리아크릴산염, N-메틸-지방산 살코시네이트, 수지산염, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬에테르 인산염, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬페닐에테르 인산염 등의 음이온성 계면활성제, 라우릴아민염산염, 스테아릴아민염산염, 올레일아민염산염, 스테아릴아민아세트산염, 스테아릴아미노프로필아민아세트산염, 알킬트리메틸암모늄클로라이드, 알킬디메틸벤잘코늄클로라이드 등의 알킬아민염 등의 양이온 계면활성제, 아미노산형 또는 베타인형 등의 양성 계면활성제 등을 들 수 있다. 이들 계면활성제는 단독으로 이용할 수 있으며, 또한, 2종 이상을 조합하여 이용할 수 있다.
결합제나 점착 부여제로서는, 예를 들면 카복시메틸셀룰로오스나 그 염, 덱스트린, 수용성 전분, 크산탄검, 구아검, 자당, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 아라비아검, 폴리비닐알코올, 폴리비닐아세테이트, 폴리아크릴산나트륨, 평균 분자량 6000~20000의 폴리에틸렌글리콜, 평균 분자량 10만~500만의 폴리에틸렌옥사이드, 인지질(예를 들면 세파린, 레시틴 등)셀룰로오스 분말, 덱스트린, 가공 전분, 폴리아미노카복실산 킬레이트 화합물, 가교 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 말레산과 스틸렌류의 공중합체, (메타)아크릴산계 공중합체, 다가 알코올로 이루어진 폴리머와 디카복실산무수물의 하프 에스테르, 폴리스틸렌 설폰산의 수용성염, 파라핀, 테르펜, 폴리아미드수지, 폴리아크릴산염, 폴리옥시에틸렌, 왁스, 폴리비닐알킬에테르, 알킬페놀 포르말린축합물, 합성수지에멀젼 등을 들 수 있다.
증점제로서는, 예를 들면 크산탄검, 구아검, 디우탄검, 카복시메틸셀룰로오스, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 카복시비닐폴리머, 아크릴계폴리머, 전분 화합물, 다당류와 같은 수용성 고분자, 고순도 벤토나이트, 흄드 실리카(fumed silica, 화이트 카본)과 같은 무기 미분 등을 들 수 있다.
착색제로서는, 예를 들면 산화철, 산화티탄, 프러시안 블루와 같은 무기안료, 아리자린 염료, 아조 염료, 금속 프탈로시아닌 염료와 같은 유기 염료 등을 들 수 있다.
동결 방지제로서는, 예를 들면, 에틸렌글리콜, 디에틸렌글리콜, 프로필렌글리콜, 글리세린 등의 다가 알코올류 등을 들 수 있다.
고결 방지나 붕괴 촉진을 위한 보조제로서는, 예를 들면 전분, 알긴산, 만노오스, 갈락토오스 등의 다당류, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 흄드 실리카(fumed silica, 화이트 카본), 에스테르검, 석유 수지, 트리폴리인산나트륨, 헥사메타인산나트륨, 스테아린산 금속염, 셀룰로오스 분말, 덱스트린, 메타크릴산 에스테르의 공중합체, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 폴리아미노카복실산킬레이트 화합물, 설폰화 스틸렌·이소부틸렌·무수말레산 공중합체, 전분·폴리아크릴로니트릴 그라프트 공중합체 등을 들 수 있다.
분해 방지제로서는, 예를 들면 제올라이트, 생석회, 산화 마그네슘과 같은 건조제, 페놀 화합물, 아민 화합물, 유황 화합물, 인산 화합물 등의 산화 방지제, 살리실산 화합물, 벤조페논 화합물 등의 자외선 흡수제 등을 들 수 있다.
방부제로서는, 예를 들면 소르빈산칼륨, 1, 2-벤조티아졸린-3-온 등을 들 수 있다.
또한 필요에 따라 기능성 전착제, 피페로닐 부톡사이드 등의 대사 분해 저해제 등의 활성 증강제, 프로필렌글리콜 등의 동결 방지제, BHT 등의 산화 방지제, 자외선 흡수제 등 그 외의 보조제도 사용할 수 있다.
유효 성분 화합물의 배합 비율은 필요에 따라 가감할 수 있으며, 본 발명의 농원예용 살충제 100중량부 중, 0.01~90중량부의 범위에서 적절하게 선택하여 사용할 수 있으며, 예를 들면, 분제, 과립제, 유제 또는 수화제로 하는 경우는 0.01~50중량부(농원예용 살충제 전체의 중량에 대해 0.01~50중량%)가 적당하다.
본 발명의 농원예용 살충제의 사용량은 여러 가지 인자, 예를 들면 목적, 대상 해충, 작물의 생육 상황, 해충의 발생 경향, 기후, 환경조건, 제형, 시용 방법, 시용 장소, 시용 시기 등에 따라 변동되지만, 유효 성분 화합물로서 10아르당 0.001g~10kg, 바람직하게는 0.01g~1kg의 범위에서 목적에 따라 적절하게 선택할 수 있다.
본 발명의 농원예용 살충제는, 방제 대상 병해충, 방제 적기의 확대를 위해, 혹은 약량의 저감을 도모하는 목적으로 다른 농원예용 살충제, 살진드기제, 살선충제, 살균제, 생물 농약 등과 혼합하여 사용하는 것도 가능하고, 또한, 사용 장면에 따라 제초제, 식물 성장 조절제, 비료 등과 혼합하여 사용하는 것도 가능하다.
해당 목적에서 사용하는 다른 농원예 살충제, 살진드기제, 살선충제로서 예를 들면, 3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate(XMC), Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bacillus thuringiensis japonensis, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis 등의 Bacillus thuringiensis종이 생성하는 결정 단백 독소, BPMC, Bt톡신계 살충성 화합물, CPCBS(chlorfenson), DCIP(dichlorodiisopropyl ether), D-D(1, 3-Dichloropropene), DDT, NAC, O-4-dimethylsulfamoylphenyl O, O-diethyl phosphorothioate(DSP), O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate(EPN), tripropylisocyanurate(TPIC), 아크리나트린(acrinathrin), 아자디라크틴(azadirachtin), 아진포스·메틸(azinphos-methyl), 아세퀴노실(acequinocyl), 아세타미프리드(acetamiprid), 아세토플로르(acetoprole), 아세페이트(acephate), 아바멕틴(abamectin), 아이버멕틴(avermectin-B), 아미도플루메트(amidoflumet), 아미트라즈(amitraz), 알라니카브(alanycarb), 알디카브(aldicarb), 알독시카브(aldoxycarb), 알드린(aldrin), 알파엔도설판(alpha-endosulfan), 알파싸이퍼메트린(alpha-cypermethrin), 알벤다졸(albendazole), 알레스린(allethrin), 이사조포스(isazofos), 이사미도포스(isamidofos), 이소아미도포스(isoamidofos), 이속사티온(isoxathion), 이소펜포스(isofenphos), 이소프로카브(isoprocarb:MIPC), 이베르멕틴(ivermectin), 이미시아포스(imicyafos), 이미다클로프리드(imidacloprid), 이미프로스린(imiprothrin), 인독사카브(indoxacarb), 에스펜발러레이트(esfenvalerate), 에티오펜카브(ethiofencarb), 에티온(ethion), 에티프롤(ethiprole), 에톡사졸(etoxazole), 에토펜프록스(ethofenprox), 에토프로포스(ethoprophos), 에트림포스(etrimfos), 에마멕틴(emamectin), 에마멕틴-벤조에이트(emamectin-benzoate), 엔도설판(endosulfan), 엠펜트린(empenthrin), 옥사밀(oxamyl), 옥시디메톤·메틸(oxydemeton-methyl), 옥시데프로포스(oxydeprofos:
ESP), 옥시벤다졸(oxibendazole), 옥스펜다졸(oxfendazole), 올레산칼륨(Potassium oleate), 올레산나트륨(sodium oleate), 카두사포스(cadusafos), 카르탑(cartap), 카바릴(carbaryl), 카보설판(carbosulfan), 카보푸란(carbofuran), 감마-사이할로트린(gamma-cyhalothrin), 크실릴카브(xylylcarb), 퀴날포스(quinalphos), 키노프렌(kinoprene), 치노메티오네이트(chinomethionat), 클로에트카브(cloethocarb), 클로티아니딘(clothianidin), 클로펜테진(clofentezine), 크로마페노자이드(chromafenozide), 클로란트라닐리프롤(chlorantraniliprole), 클로르에톡시포스(chlorethoxyfos), 클로르디메폼(chlordimeform), 클로르데인(chlordane), 클로르피리포스(chlorpyrifos), 클로르피리포스-메틸(chlorpyrifos-methyl), 클로르페나필(chlorphenapyr), 클로르펜손(chlorfenson), 클로르펜빈포스(chlorfenvinphos), 클로르플루아주론(chlorfluazuron), 클로르벤질레이트(chlorobenzilate), 클로로벤조에이트(chlorobenzoate), 켈센(디코폴:dicofol), 살리티온(salithion), 시아노포스(cyanophos:CYAP), 디아펜티우론(diafenthiuron), 다이아미다포스(diamidafos), 시안트라닐리프롤(cyantraniliprole), 데타-싸이퍼메트린(theta-cypermethrin), 디에노클로르(dienochlor), 사이에노피라펜(cyenopyrafen), 디옥사벤조포스(dioxabenzofos), 디오페놀란(diofenolan), 시그마-싸이퍼메트린(sigma-cypermethrin), 디클로펜티온(dichlofenthion:ECP), 시클로프로스린(cycloprothrin), 디클로르보스(dichlorvos:DDVP), 디설포톤(disulfoton), 디노테퓨란(dinotefuran), 사이할로트린(cyhalothrin), 시페노트린(cyphenothrin), 사이플루트린(cyfluthrin), 디플루벤주론(diflubenzuron), 사이플루메토펜(cyflumetofen), 디플로비다진(diflovidazin), 사이헥사틴(cyhexatin), 싸이퍼메트린(cypermethrin), 디메틸빈포스(dimethylvinphos), 디메토에이트(dimethoate), 디메플루트린(dimefluthrin), 실라플루오펜(silafluofen), 사이로마진(cyromazine), 스피네토람(spinetoram), 스피노사드(spinosad), 스피로디클로펜(spirodiclofen), 스피로테트라맷(spirotetramat), 스피로메시펜(spiromesifen), 설플루라미드(sulfluramid), 설프로포스(sulprofos), 설폭사플로르(sulfoxaflor), 제타-싸이퍼메트린(zeta-cypermethrin), 다이아지논(diazinon), 타우-플루발리네이트(tau-fluvalinate), 다조멧(dazomet), 티아클로프리드(thiacloprid), 티아메톡삼(thiamethoxam), 티오디카브(thiodicarb), 티오사이크람(thiocyclam), 티오설탑(thiosultap), 티오설탑-나트륨(thiosultap-sodium), 티오나진(thionazin), 티오메톤(thiometon), 디트(deet), 디엘드린(dieldrin), 테트라클로르빈포스(tetrachlorvinphos), 테트라디폰(tetradifon), 테트라메틸플루트린(tetramethylfluthrin), 테트라메트린(tetramethrin), 테부피림포스(tebupirimfos), 테부페노자이드(tebufenozide), 테부펜피라드(tebufenpyrad), 테플루트린(tefluthrin), 테플루벤주론(teflubenzuron), 데메톤-S-메틸(demeton-S-methyl), 테메포스(temephos), 델타메트린(deltamethrin), 터부포스(terbufos), 트랄로피릴(tralopyril), 트랄로메트린(tralomethrin), 트란스플루트린(transfluthrin), 트리아자메이트(triazamate), 트리아주론(triazuron), 트리클라미드(trichlamide), 트리클로르폰(trichlorphon:DEP), 트리플루뮤론(triflumuron), 톨펜피라드(tolfenpyrad), 날레드(naled:
BRP), 니티아진(nithiazine), 니텐피람(nitenpyram), 노발루론(novaluron), 노비플루뮤론(noviflumuron), 하이드로프렌(hydroprene), 바닐리프롤(vaniliprole), 바미도티온(vamidothion), 파라티온(parathion), 파라티온-메틸(parathion-methyl), 할펜프록스(halfenprox), 할로페노자이드(halofenozide), 비스트리플루론(bistrifluron), 비설탑(bisultap), 히드라메틸논(hydramethylnon), 히드록시프로필전분(hydroxy propyl starch), 바이나파크릴(binapacryl), 비페나제이트(bifenazate), 비펜트린(bifenthrin), 피메트로진(pymetrozine), 피라클로포스(pyraclorfos), 피라플루프롤(pyrafluprole), 피리다펜티온(pyridafenthion), 피리다벤(pyridaben), 피리달릴(pyridalyl), 피리플루퀴나존(pyrifluquinazon), 피리프롤(pyriprole), 피리프록시펜(pyriproxyfen), 피리미카브(pirimicarb), 피리미디펜(pyrimidifen), 피리미포스메틸(pirimiphos-methyl), 피레트린(pyrethrins), 피프로닐(fipronil), 페나자퀸(fenazaquin), 페나미포스(fenamiphos), 페니소브로모레이트(phenisobromolate), 페니트로티온(fenitrothion:MEP), 페녹시카브(fenoxycarb), 페노티오카브(fenothiocarb), 페노트린(phenothrin), 페노브카브(fenobucarb), 펜설포티온(fensulfothion), 펜티온(fenthion:MPP), 펜토에이트(phenthoate:
PAP), 펜발레레이트(fenvalerate), 펜피록시메이트(fenpyroximate), 펜프로파트린(fenpropathrin), 펜벤다졸(fenbendazole), 포스티아제이트(fosthiazate), 포르메타네이트(formetanate), 부타티오포스(butathiofos), 부프로페진(buprofezin), 푸라티오카브(furathiocarb), 프라레트린(prallethrin), 플루아크리피림(fluacrypyrim), 플루아지남(fluazinam), 플루아주론(fluazuron), 플루엔설폰(fluensulfone), 플루시클록수론(flucycloxuron), 플루시트리네이트(flucythrinate), 플루발리네이트(fluvalinate), 플루피라조포스(flupyrazofos), 플루페네림(flufenerim), 플루페녹수론(flufenoxuron), 플루펜진(flufenzine), 플루펜프록스(flufenoprox), 플루프록시펜(fluproxyfen), 플루브로시트리네이트(flubrocythrinate), 플루벤디아미드(flubendiamide), 플루메트린(flumethrin), 플루림펜(flurimfen), 프로티오포스(prothiofos), 프로트리펜부트(protrifenbute), 플로니카미드(flonicamid), 프로파포스(propaphos), 프로파자이트(propargite:BPPS), 프로페노포스(profenofos), 프로플루트린(profluthrin), 프로폭수르(propoxur:PHC), 브로모프로필레이트(bromopropylate), 베타-사이플루트린(beta-cyfluthrin), 헥사플루뮤론(hexaflumuron), 헥시티아족스(hexythiazox), 헵테노포스(heptenophos), 페르메트린(permethrin), 벤클로티아즈(benclothiaz), 벤디오카브(bendiocarb), 벤설탑(bensultap), 벤즈옥시메이트(benzoximate), 벤푸라카브(benfuracarb), 폭심(phoxim), 포살론(phosalone), 포스티아제이트(fosthiazate), 포스티에탄(fosthietan), 포스파미돈(phosphamidon), 포스포카브(phosphocarb), 포스멧트(phosmet:PMP), 폴리나크틴 복합체(polynactins), 포르메타네이트(formetanate), 포르모티온(formothion), 포레이트(phorate), 머신오일(machine oil), 말라티온(malathion), 밀베마이신(milbemycin), 밀베마이신 A(milbemycin-A), 밀베멕틴(milbemectin), 메카르밤(mecarbam), 메설펜포스(mesulfenfos), 메소밀(methomyl), 메타알데히드(metaldehyde), 메타플루미존(metaflumizone), 메타미드포스(methamidophos), 메탐-암모늄(metam-ammonium), 메탐-나트륨(metam-sodium), 메티오카브(methiocarb), 메티다티온(methidathion:DMTP), 메틸이소티오시아네이트(methylisothiocyanate), 메틸네오데카나미드(methylneodecanamide), 메틸파라티온(methylparathion), 메톡사디아존(metoxadiazone), 메톡시크롤(methoxychlor), 메톡시페노자이드(methoxyfenozide), 메트플루트린(metofluthrin), 메토프렌(methoprene), 메톨카브(metolcarb), 메페르플루트린(meperfluthrin), 메빈포스(mevinphos), 모노크로토포스(monocrotophos), 모노설탑(monosultap), 람다-사이할로트린(lambda-cyhalothrin), 리아노딘(ryanodine), 르페누론(lufenuron), 레스메트린(resmethrin), 레피멕틴(lepimectin), 로테논(rotenone), 염산 레바미솔(levamisol hydrochloride), 산화펜부타주석(fenbutatin oxide), 주석산 모란텔(morantel tartarate), 브롬화 메틸(methyl bromide), 수산화 트리시클로헥실 주석(cyhexatin), 석회질소(calcium cyanamide), 석회유황합제(calcium polysulfide), 유황(sulfur), 및 황산니코틴(nicotine-sulfate) 등을 예시할 수 있다.
동일한 목적으로 사용하는 농원예용 살균제로서 예를 들면, 아우레오훈긴(aureofungin), 아자코나졸(azaconazole), 아지티람(azithiram), 아시페탁스(acypetacs), 아시벤조랄(acibenzolar), 아시벤조랄-S-메틸(acibenzolar-S-methyl), 아즈옥시스트로빈(azoxystrobin), 아닐라진(anilazine), 아미설브롬(amisulbrom), 암프로필포스(ampropylfos), 아메톡트라딘(ametoctradin), 아릴알코올(allyl alcohol), 알디모르프(aldimorph), 아모밤(amobam), 이소티아닐(isotianil), 이소발레디온(isovaledione), 이소피라잠(isopyrazam), 이소프로티오란(isoprothiolane), 이프코나졸(ipconazole), 이프로디온(iprodione), 이프로발리카브(iprovalicarb), 이프로벤포스(iprobenfos), 이마잘릴(imazalil), 이미녹타딘(iminoctadine), 이미녹타딘-알베실산염(iminoctadine-albesilate), 이미녹타딘-아세트산염(iminoctadine-triacetate), 이미벤코나졸(imibenconazole), 우니코나졸(uniconazole), 우니코나졸-P(uniconazole-P), 에클로메졸(echlomezole), 에디펜포스(edifenphos), 에타코나졸(etaconazole), 에타복삼(ethaboxam), 에티리몰(ethirimol), 에템(etem), 에톡시퀸(ethoxyquin), 에트리디아졸(etridiazole), 에네스트로부린(enestroburin), 에폭시코나졸(epoxiconazole), 옥사딕실(oxadixyl), 옥시카복신(oxycarboxin), 옥시퀴놀린구리(copper-8-quinolinolate), 옥시테트라사이클린(oxytetracycline), 옥신구리(copper-oxinate), 옥스포코나졸(oxpoconazole), 옥스포코나졸-푸마르산염(oxpoconazole-fumarate), 옥솔리닉산(oxolinic acid), 옥틸리논(octhilinone), 오퓨레이스(ofurace), 오리사스트로빈(orysastrobin), 메탐소듐(metam-sodium), 카스가마이신(kasugamycin), 카바모르프(carbamorph), 카르프로파미드(carpropamid), 카르벤다짐(carbendazim), 카복신(carboxin), 카르본(carvone), 퀴나자미드(quinazamid), 퀴나세톨(quinacetol), 퀴녹시펜(quinoxyfen), 퀴노메티오네이트(quinomethionate), 캡타폴(captafol), 캡탄(captan), 키랄락실(kiralaxyl), 퀸코나졸(quinconazole), 퀸토젠(quintozene), 구아자틴(guazatine), 쿠푸라네브(cufraneb), 쿠프로밤(cuprobam), 글리오딘(glyodin), 그리세오풀빈(griseofulvin), 크림바졸(climbazole), 크레솔(cresol), 크레속심메틸(kresoxim-methyl), 클로졸리네이트(chlozolinate), 클로트리마졸(clotrimazole), 클로벤티아존(chlobenthiazone), 클로라니포르메탄(chloraniformethan), 클로라닐(chloranil), 클로르퀴녹스(chlorquinox), 클로르피크린(chloropicrin), 클로르페나졸(chlorfenazole), 클로로디니트로나프탈렌(chlorodinitronaphthalene), 클로로탈로닐(chlorothalonil), 클로로네브(chloroneb), 자릴라미드(zarilamid), 살리실아닐리드(salicylanilide), 시아조파미드(cyazofamid), 디에틸피로카보네이트(diethyl pyrocarbonate), 디에토펜카브(diethofencarb), 시클라푸라미드(cyclafuramid), 시클로시멧트(diclocymet), 디클로졸린(dichlozoline), 디클로부트라졸(diclobutrazol), 디클로플루아니드(dichlofluanid), 시클로헥시미드(cycloheximide), 디클로메진(diclomezine), 디클로란(dicloran), 디클로로펜(dichlorophen), 디클론(dichlone), 디설피람(disulfiram), 디타림포스(ditalimfos), 디티아논(dithianon), 디니코나졸(diniconazole), 디니코나졸-M(diniconazole-M), 지네브(zineb), 디노캅(dinocap), 디녹톤(dinocton), 디노설폰(dinosulfon), 디노테르본(dinoterbon), 디노부톤(dinobuton), 디노펜톤(dinopenton), 디피리티온(dipyrithione), 디페닐아민(diphenylamine), 디페노코나졸(difenoconazole), 사이플루페나미드(cyflufenamid), 디플루메토림(diflumetorim), 시프로코나졸(cyproconazole), 시프로디닐(cyprodinil), 시프로푸람(cyprofuram), 시펜다졸(cypendazole), 시메코나졸(simeconazole), 디메티리몰(dimethirimol), 디메토모르프(dimethomorph), 시목사닐(cymoxanil), 디목시스트로빈(dimoxystrobin), 브롬화 메틸(methyl bromide), 지람(ziram), 실티오팜(silthiofam), 스트렙토마이신(streptomycin), 스피록사민(spiroxamine), 설트로펜(sultropen), 세닥산(sedaxane), 족사미드(zoxamide), 다조멧(dazomet), 티아디아진(thiadiazin), 티아디닐(tiadinil), 티아디플루오르(thiadifluor), 티아벤다졸(thiabendazole), 티옥시미드(tioxymid), 티오클로르펜핌(thiochlorfenphim), 티오파네이트(thiophanate), 티오파네이트-메틸(thiophanate-methyl), 티시오펜(thicyofen), 티오퀴녹스(thioquinox), 치노메티오네이트(chinomethionat), 티플루자미드(thifluzamide), 티람(thiram), 데카펜틴(decafentin), 테크나젠(tecnazene), 테클로프탈람(tecloftalam), 테코람(tecoram), 테트라코나졸(tetraconazole), 데바카브(debacarb), 데히드로아세트산(dehydroacetic acid), 테부코나졸(tebuconazole), 테부플로퀸(tebufloquin), 도디신(dodicin), 도딘(dodine), 도데실벤젠설폰산비스에틸렌디아민구리착염(II)(DBEDC), 도데모르프(dodemorph), 드라족소론(drazoxolon), 트리아디메놀(triadimenol), 트리아디메폰(triadimefon), 트리아즈부틸(triazbutil), 트리아즈옥시드(triazoxide), 트리아미포스(triamiphos), 트리아리몰(triarimol), 트리클라미드(trichlamide), 트리시클라졸(tricyclazole), 트리티코나졸(triticonazole), 트리데모르프(tridemorph), 트리부틸틴옥시드(tributyltin oxide), 트리플루미졸(triflumizole), 트리플록시스트로빈(trifloxystrobin), 트리포린(triforine), 톨릴플루아니드(tolylfluanid), 톨클로포스-메틸(tolclofos-methyl), 나타마이신(natamycin), 나밤(nabam), 니트로탈-이소프로필(nitrothal-isopropyl), 니트로스틸렌(nitrostyrene), 누아리몰(nuarimol), 노닐페놀설폰산구리(copper nonylphenol sulfonate), 할라크리네이트(halacrinate), 발리다마이신(validamycin), 발리페날레이트(valifenalate), 하핀 단백(harpin protein), 빅사펜(bixafen), 피콕시스트로빈(picoxystrobin), 피코벤자미드(picobenzamide), 비티오놀(bithionol), 비테르타놀(bitertanol), 히드록시이속사졸(hydroxyisoxazole), 히드록시이속사졸칼륨(hydroisoxazole-potassium), 비나파크릴(binapacryl), 비페닐(biphenyl), 피페라린(piperalin), 히멕사졸(hymexazol), 피라옥시스트로빈(pyraoxystrobin), 피라카볼리드(pyracarbolid), 피라클로스트로빈(pyraclostrobin), 피라조포스(pyrazophos), 피라메토스트로빈(pyrametostrobin), 피리오페논(pyriofenone), 피리디니트릴(pyridinitril), 피리페녹스(pyrifenox), 피리벤카브(pyribencarb), 피리메타닐(pyrimethanil), 피록시클로르(pyroxychlor), 피록시풀(pyroxyfur), 피로퀴론(pyroquilon), 빈클로졸린(vinclozolin), 파목사돈(famoxadone), 페나파닐(fenapanil), 페나미돈(fenamidone), 페나미노설프(fenaminosulf), 페나리몰(fenarimol), 페니트로판(fenitropan), 페녹사닐(fenoxanil), 페림존(ferimzone), 페르밤(ferbam), 펜틴(fentin), 펜피클로닐(fenpiclonil), 펜피라자민(fenpyrazamine), 펜부코나졸(fenbuconazole), 펜푸람(fenfuram), 펜프로피딘(fenpropidin), 펜프로피모르프(fenpropimorph), 펜헥사미드(fenhexamid), 프탈리드(phthalide), 부티오베이트(buthiobate), 부틸아민(butylamine), 부피리메이트(bupirimate), 푸베리다졸(fuberidazole), 블라스트사이딘-S(blasticidin-S), 푸라메트필(furametpyr), 푸랄락실(furalaxyl), 플루아크리피림(fluacrypyrim), 플루아지남(fluazinam), 플루옥사스트로빈(fluoxastrobin), 플루오트리마졸(fluotrimazole), 플루오피콜리드(fluopicolide), 플루오피람(fluopyram), 플루오로이미드(fluoroimide), 푸르카바닐(furcarbanil), 플룩사피록사드(fluxapyroxad), 플루퀸코나졸(fluquinconazole), 푸르코나졸(furconazole), 푸르코나졸-시스(furconazole-cis), 플루디옥소닐(fludioxonil), 플루실라졸(flusilazole), 플루설파미드(flusulfamide), 플루티아닐(flutianil), 플루톨라닐(flutolanil), 플루트리아폴(flutriafol), 푸르푸랄(furfural), 푸르메시클록스(furmecyclox), 플루멧토벨(flumetover), 플루모르프(flumorph), 프로퀴나지드(proquinazid), 프로클로라즈(prochloraz), 프로시미돈(procymidone), 프로티오카브(prothiocarb), 프로티오코나졸(prothioconazole), 프로파모카브(propamocarb), 프로피코나졸(propiconazole), 프로피네브(propineb), 푸로파네이트(furophanate), 프로베나졸(probenazole), 브로무코나졸(bromuconazole), 헥사클로로부타디엔(hexachlorobutadiene), 헥사코나졸(hexaconazole), 헥실티오포스(hexylthiofos), 베톡사진(bethoxazin), 베날락실(benalaxyl), 베날락실-M(benalaxyl-M), 베노다닐(benodanil), 베노밀(benomyl), 페푸라조에이트(pefurazoate), 벤퀴녹스(benquinox), 펜코나졸(penconazole), 벤자모르프(benzamorf), 펜시클로(pencycuron), 벤조히드록삼산(benzohydroxamic acid), 벤탈루론(bentaluron), 벤티아졸(benthiazole), 벤티아발리카브-이소프로필(benthiavalicarb-isopropyl), 펜티오피라드(penthiopyrad), 펜플루펜(penflufen), 보스칼리드(boscalid), 포스디펜(phosdiphen), 포세틸(fosetyl), 포세틸-알루미늄(fosetyl-Al), 폴리옥신(polyoxins), 폴리옥소림(polyoxorim), 폴리카바메이트(polycarbamate), 폴펫(folpet), 포름알데히드(formaldehyde), 머신오일(machine oil), 마네브(maneb), 만코제브(mancozeb), 만디프로파미드(mandipropamid), 미클로졸린(myclozolin), 미클로부타닐(myclobutanil), 밀디오마이신(mildiomycin), 밀네브(milneb), 메카빈지드(mecarbinzid), 메타설포카브(methasulfocarb), 메타족소론(metazoxolon), 메탐(metam), 메탐나트륨염(metam-sodium), 메타락실(metalaxyl), 메타락실-M(metalaxyl-M), 메티람(metiram), 메틸이소티오시아네이트(methyl isothiocyanate), 멥틸디노캅(mepthyldinocap), 메트코나졸(metconazole), 메트설포박스(metsulfovax), 메트푸록삼(methfuroxam), 메트미노스트로빈(metominostrobin), 메트라페논(metrafenone), 메파니피림(mepanipyrim), 메페녹삼(mefenoxam), 메프틸디노캅(meptyldinocap), 메프로닐(mepronil), 메베닐(mebenil), 요오드화 메틸(iodomethane), 라벤자졸(rabenzazole), 염화 벤잘코늄(benzalkonium chloride), 염기성 염화구리(basic copper chloride), 알칼리성 황산구리(basic copper sulfate), 금속은(silver) 등의 무기 살균제, 차아염소산나트륨(sodium hypochlorote), 수산화제2구리(cupric hydroxide), 수화 유황제(wettable sulfur), 석회 유황 합제(calcium polysulfide), 탄산수소칼륨(potassium hydrogen carbonate), 탄산수소나트륨(sodium hydrogen carbonate), 무기 유황(sulfur), 무수 황산동(copper sulfate anhydride), 디메틸디티오카바미드산 니켈(nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate), 8-히드록시퀴놀린구리(oxine copper)와 같은 구리계 화합물, 황산아연(zinc sulfate), 황산구리 5수염(copper sulfate pentahydrate) 등을 예시할 수 있다.
마찬가지로 제초제로서 예를 들면, 1-나프틸아세트아미드, 2, 4-PA, 2,3,6-TBA, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TB, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, 3,4-DA, 3,4-DB, 3,4-DP, 4-CPA, 4-CPB, 4-CPP, MCP, MCPA, MCPA 티오 에틸, MCPB, 아이옥시닐(ioxynil), 아클로니펜(aclonifen), 아자페니딘(azafenidin), 아시플루오르펜(acifluorfen), 아지프로트린(aziprotryne), 아짐설푸론(azimsulfuron), 아설람(asulam), 아세토클로르(acetochlor), 아트라진(atrazine), 아트라톤(atraton), 아니수론(anisuron), 아닐로포스(anilofos), 아비 글리신(aviglycine), 아브시스산(abscisic acid), 아미카바존(amicarbazone), 아미드설푸론(amidosulfuron), 아미트롤(amitrole), 아미노시클로피라클로르(aminocyclopyrachlor), 아미노피랄리드(aminopyralid), 아미부진(amibuzin), 아미프로포스-메틸(amiprophos-methyl), 아메트리디온(ametridione), 아메트린(ametryn), 아라클로르(alachlor), 알리도클로르(allidochlor), 알록시딤(alloxydim), 알로락크(alorac), 이소우론(isouron), 이소카바미드(isocarbamid), 이속사클로르톨(isoxachlortole), 이속사피리폽(isoxapyrifop), 이속사플루톨(isoxaflutole), 이속사벤(isoxaben), 이소실(isocil), 이소노루론(isonoruron), 이소프로투론(isoproturon), 이소프로팔린(isopropalin), 이소폴리네이트(isopolinate), 이소메티오진(isomethiozin), 이나벤파이드(inabenfide), 이파진(ipazine), 입펜카바존(ipfencarbazone), 이프리미담(iprymidam), 이마자퀸(imazaquin), 이마자픽(imazapic), 이마자필(imazapyr), 이마자메타필(imazamethapyr), 이마자메타벤즈(imazamethabenz), 이마자메타벤즈-메틸(imazamethabenz-methyl), 이마자목스(imazamox), 이마제타필(imazethapyr), 이마조설푸론(imazosulfuron), 인다지푸람(indaziflam), 인다노판(indanofan), 인돌부티르산(indolebutyric acid), 우니코나졸-P(uniconazole-P), 에글리나진(eglinazine), 에스프로카브(esprocarb), 에타멧설푸론(ethametsulfuron), 에타멧설푸론-메틸(ethametsulfuron-methyl), 에탈플루랄린(ethalfluralin), 에티올레이트(ethiolate), 에티클로제이트 에틸(ethychlozate ethyl), 에티딤론(ethidimuron), 에티노펜(etinofen), 에테폰(ethephon), 에톡시설푸론(ethoxysulfuron), 에톡시펜(ethoxyfen), 에트니프로미드(etnipromid), 에토푸메세이트(ethofumesate), 에토벤자니드(etobenzanid), 에프로나즈(epronaz), 에르본(erbon), 엔도탈(endothal), 옥사디아존(oxadiazon), 옥사디아르길(oxadiargyl), 옥사디클로메폰(oxaziclomefone), 옥사설푸론(oxasulfuron), 옥사피라존(oxapyrazon), 옥시플루오르펜(oxyfluorfen), 오리잘린(oryzalin), 오르소설파무론(orthosulfamuron), 오르벤카브(orbencarb), 카펜스트롤(cafenstrole), 캄벤디클로르(cambendichlor), 카바설람(carbasulam), 카르펜트라존(carfentrazone), 카르펜트라존-에틸(carfentrazone-ethyl), 카르부틸레이트(karbutilate), 카르베타미드(carbetamide), 카복사졸(carboxazole), 퀴잘로폽(quizalofop), 퀴잘로폽-P(quizalofop-P), 퀴잘로폽-에틸(quizalofop-ethyl), 자일라클로르(xylachlor), 퀴노크라민(quinoclamine), 퀴노나미드(quinonamid), 퀸클로락크(quinclorac), 퀸메락크(quinmerac), 쿠밀루론(cumyluron), 클리오디네이트(cliodinate), 글리포세이트(glyphosate), 글루포시네이트(glufosinate), 클루포시네이트-P(glufosinate-P), 크레다진(credazine), 클레토딤(clethodim), 크록시포나크(cloxyfonac), 클로디나폽(clodinafop), 클로디나폽-프로파르길(clodinafop-propargyl), 클로로토루론(chlorotoluron), 클로피랄리드(clopyralid), 클로프록시딤(cloproxydim), 클로프롭(cloprop), 클로브롬론(chlorbromuron), 클로폽(clofop), 클로마존(clomazone), 클로메톡시닐(chlomethoxynil), 클로메톡시펜(chlomethoxyfen), 검은자위 프롭(clomeprop), 클로라지폽(chlorazifop), 클로라진(chlorazine), 클로라설람(cloransulam), 클로라노크릴(chloranocryl), 클로람벤(chloramben), 클로란설람-메틸(cloransulam-methyl), 클로리다존(chloridazon), 쿠로림론(chlorimuron), 크로림론에틸(chlorimuron-ethyl), 클로르설푸론(chlorsulfuron), 클로르타르(chlorthal), 클로르티아미드(chlorthiamid), 클로르트르론(chlortoluron), 클로르니트로 펜(chlornitrofen), 클로르페낙크(chlorfenac), 클로르펜 프롭(chlorfenprop), 클로르브팜(chlorbufam), 클로르플루라졸(chlorflurazole), 클로르플루레놀(chlorflurenol), 클로르프로카브(chlorprocarb), 클로르프로팜(chlorpropham), 클로르메쿼트(chlormequat), 크로레트론(chloreturon), 클로록시닐(chloroxynil), 클로록수론(chloroxuron), 클로로폰(chloropon), 사플루페나실(saflufenacil), 시아나진(cyanazine), 시아나트린(cyanatryn), 디-알레이트(di-allate), 디우론(diuron), 디에탐쿼트(diethamquat), 디캄바(dicamba), 시클루론(cycluron), 시클로에이트(cycloate), 시클록시딤(cycloxydim), 디클로설람(diclosulam), 시클로설팜론(cyclosulfamuron), 디클로프롭(dichlorprop), 디클로프롭-P(dichlorprop-P), 디클로베닐(dichlobenil), 디클로폽(diclofop), 디클로폽-메틸(diclofop-methyl), 디클로메이트(dichlormate), 디클로랄우레아(dichloralurea), 디쿼트(diquat), 시사닐리드(cisanilide), 디술(disul), 시두론(siduron), 디티오필(dithiopyr), 디니트라민(dinitramine), 시니돈-에틸(cinidon-ethyl), 디노삼(dinosam), 시노설푸론(cinosulfuron), 디노세브(dinoseb), 디노테브(dinoterb), 디노페네이트(dinofenate), 디노프롭(dinoprop), 시할로폽-부틸(cyhalofop-butyl), 디페나미드(diphenamid), 디페녹수론(difenoxuron), 디페노펜텐(difenopenten), 디펜조쿼트(difenzoquat), 시부트린(cybutryne), 시프라진(cyprazine), 시프라졸(cyprazole), 디플루페니칸(diflufenican), 디플루펜조필(diflufenzopyr), 디프로페트린(dipropetryn), 시프로미드(cypromid), 시페르쿼트(cyperquat), 기베렐린(gibberellin), 시마진(simazine), 디멕사노(dimexano), 디메타클로르(dimethachlor), 디메다존(dimidazon), 디메타메트린(dimethametryn), 디메테나미드(dimethenamid), 시메트린(simetryn), 시메톤(simeton), 디메피페레이트(dimepiperate), 디메푸론(dimefuron), 신메틸린(cinmethylin), 스엡(swep), 설글리카핀(sulglycapin), 설코트리온(sulcotrione), 설파레이트(sulfallate), 설펜트라존(sulfentrazone), 설포설푸론(sulfosulfuron), 설포메트론(sulfometuron), 설포메트론-메틸(sulfometuron-methyl), 세크부메톤(secbumeton), 세톡시딤(sethoxydim), 세부틸라진(sebuthylazine), 테르바실(terbacil), 다이무론(daimuron), 다조멧(dazomet), 달라폰(dalapon), 티아자플루론(thiazafluron), 티아조필(thiazopyr), 티엔카바존(thiencarbazone), 티엔카바존-메틸(thiencarbazone-methyl), 티오카바질(tiocarbazil), 티오클로림(tioclorim), 티오벤카브(thiobencarb), 티디아지민(thidiazimin), 티디아주론(thidiazuron), 치펜설푸론(thifensulfuron), 티펜설퓨론-메틸(thifensulfuron-methyl), 데스메디팜(desmedipham), 데스메트린(desmetryn), 테트라플루론(tetrafluron), 테닐클로르(thenylchlor), 테부탐(tebutam), 테부티우론(tebuthiuron), 테브메톤(terbumeton), 테프라록시딤(tepraloxydim), 테푸릴트리온(tefuryltrione), 템보트리온(tembotrione), 데라클로르(delachlor), 테르바실(terbacil), 테부카브(terbucarb), 테부클로르(terbuchlor), 테부틸라진(terbuthylazine), 테부트린(terbutryn), 토프라메존(topramezone), 트랄콕시딤(tralkoxydim), 트리아지플람(triaziflam), 트리아설푸론(triasulfuron), 트리-알레이트(tri-allate), 트리에타진(trietazine), 트리캄바(tricamba), 트리클로필(triclopyr), 트리디판(tridiphane), 트리탁(tritac), 트리토설푸론(tritosulfuron), 트리플루설푸론(triflusulfuron), 트리플루설푸론-메틸(triflusulfuron-methyl), 트리플루랄린(trifluralin), 트리플록시설푸론(trifloxysulfuron), 트리프로핀단(tripropindan), 트리베누론-메틸(tribenuron-methyl), 트리베누론(tribenuron), 트리폽(trifop), 트리폽시메(trifopsime), 트리메투론(trimeturon), 나프탈람(naptalam), 나프로아닐리드(naproanilide), 나프로파미드(napropamide), 니코설푸론(nicosulfuron), 니트랄린(nitralin), 니트로펜(nitrofen), 니트로플루오르펜(nitrofluorfen), 니피라클로펜(nipyraclofen), 네부론(neburon), 노르플루라존(norflurazon), 노루론(noruron), 바반(barban), 파클로부트라졸(paclobutrazol), 파라쿼트(paraquat), 파라플루론(parafluron), 할록시딘(haloxydine), 할록시폽(haloxyfop), 할록시폽-P(haloxyfop-P), 할록시폽-메틸(haloxyfop-methyl), 할로사펜(halosafen), 할로설푸론(halosulfuron), 할로설푸론메틸(halosulfuron-methyl), 피클로람(picloram), 피콜리나펜(picolinafen), 비시클로피론(bicyclopyrone), 비스피리박(bispyribac), 비스피리박-나트륨(bispyribac-sodium), 피다논(pydanon), 피녹사덴(pinoxaden), 비페녹스(bifenox), 피페로포스(piperophos), 히멕사졸(hymexazol), 피라클로닐(pyraclonil), 피라설포톨(pyrasulfotole), 피라즈옥시펜(pyrazoxyfen), 피라조설푸론(pyrazosulfuron), 피라조설푸론-에틸(pyrazosulfuron-ethyl), 피라조레이트(pyrazolate), 빌라나포스(bilanafos), 피라플루펜-에틸(pyraflufen-ethyl), 피리클로르(pyriclor), 피리다폴(pyridafol), 피리티오박(pyrithiobac), 피리티오박-나트륨(pyrithiobac-sodium), 피리데이트(pyridate), 피리프탈리드(pyriftalid), 피리부티카브(pyributicarb), 피리벤족심(pyribenzoxim), 피리미설판(pyrimisulfan), 피리미설푸론(primisulfuron), 피리미노박-메틸(pyriminobac-methyl), 피록사설폰(pyroxasulfone), 피록설람(pyroxsulam), 페나설람(fenasulam), 페니소팜(phenisopham), 페누론(fenuron), 페녹사설폰(fenoxasulfone), 페녹사프롭(fenoxaprop), 페녹사프롭-P(fenoxaprop-P), 페녹사프롭-에틸(fenoxaprop-ethyl), 페노티올(phenothiol), 페노프롭(fenoprop), 페노벤주론(phenobenzuron), 펜티아프롭(fenthiaprop), 펜테라콜(fenteracol), 펜트라자미드(fentrazamide), 펜메디팜(phenmedipham), 펜메디팜-에틸(phenmedipham-ethyl), 부타클로르(butachlor), 부타페나실(butafenacil), 부타미포스(butamifos), 부티우론(buthiuron), 부티다졸(buthidazole), 부틸레이트(butylate), 부투론(buturon), 부테나클로르(butenachlor), 부트록시딤(butroxydim), 부트랄린(butralin), 플라자설푸론(flazasulfuron), 플람프롭(flamprop), 푸릴옥시펜(furyloxyfen), 프리나클로르(prynachlor), 프리미설푸론-메틸(primisulfuron-methyl), 플루아지폽(fluazifop), 플루아지폽-P(fluazifop-P), 플루아지폽-부틸(fluazifop-butyl), 플루아조레이트(fluazolate), 플루록시필(fluroxypyr), 플루오티우론(fluothiuron), 플루오메트론(fluometuron), 플루오로글리코펜(fluoroglycofen), 플루로크롤리돈(flurochloridone), 플루오로디펜(fluorodifen), 플루오로니트로펜(fluoronitrofen), 플루오로미딘(fluoromidine), 플루카바존(flucarbazone), 플루카바존-나트륨(flucarbazone-sodium), 플루크롤라린(fluchloralin), 플루세토설푸론(flucetosulfuron), 플루티아셋(fluthiacet), 플루티아셋-메틸(fluthiacet-methyl), 플루필설푸론(flupyrsulfuron), 플루페나셋(flufenacet), 플루페니칸(flufenican), 플루펜필(flufenpyr), 플루프로파실(flupropacil), 플루프로파네이트(flupropanate), 플루폭삼(flupoxam), 플루미옥사진(flumioxazin), 플루미클로락(flumiclorac), 플루미클로락-펜틸(flumiclorac-pentyl), 플루미프로핀(flumipropyn), 플루메진(flumezin), 플루오메투론(fluometuron), 플루멧설람(flumetsulam), 플루리돈(fluridone), 플루르타몬(flurtamone), 플루록시필(fluroxypyr), 프레틸라클로르(pretilachlor), 프록산(proxan), 프로글리나진(proglinazine), 프로시아진(procyazine), 프로디아민(prodiamine), 프로설파린(prosulfalin), 프로설푸론(prosulfuron), 프로설포카브(prosulfocarb), 프로파퀴자폽(propaquizafop), 프로파클로르(propachlor), 프로파진(propazine), 프로파닐(propanil), 프로피자미드(propyzamide), 프로피소클로르(propisochlor), 프로히드로쟈스몬(prohydrojasmon), 프로피리설푸론(propyrisulfuron), 프로팜(propham), 프로플루아졸(profluazol), 프로플루라린(profluralin), 프로헥사디온-칼슘(prohexadione-calcium), 프로폭시카바존(propoxycarbazone), 프로폭시카바존-나트륨(propoxycarbazone-sodium), 프로폭시딤(profoxydim), 브로마실(bromacil), 브롬피라존(brompyrazon), 프로메트린(prometryn), 프로메톤(prometon), 브로목시닐(bromoxynil), 브로모페녹심(bromofenoxim), 브로모부티드(bromobutide), 브로모보닐(bromobonil), 플로라설람(florasulam), 헥사클로로아세톤(hexachloroacetone), 헥사지논(hexazinone), 페톡사미드(pethoxamid), 베나졸린(benazolin), 페녹설람(penoxsulam), 페부레이트(pebulate), 베플루부타미드(beflubutamid), 베르노레이트(vernolate), 페르플루이돈(perfluidone), 벤카바존(bencarbazone), 벤자족스(benzadox), 벤지프람(benzipram), 벤질아미노푸린(benzylaminopurine), 벤즈티아주론(benzthiazuron), 벤즈펜디존(benzfendizone), 벤설리드(bensulide), 벤설푸론-메틸(bensulfuron-methyl), 벤조일프롭(benzoylprop), 벤조비시클론(benzobicyclon), 벤조페납(benzofenap), 벤조플루오르(benzofluor), 벤타존(bentazone), 펜타노클로르(pentanochlor), 벤티오카브(benthiocarb), 펜디메탈린(pendimethalin), 펜톡사존(pentoxazone), 벤플루랄린(benfluralin), 벤푸레세이트(benfuresate), 포사민(fosamine), 포메사펜(fomesafen), 포람설푸론(foramsulfuron), 포르클로르페뉴론(forchlorfenuron), 말레산히드라지드(maleic hydrazide), 메코프롭(mecoprop), 메코프롭-P(mecoprop-P), 메디노테브(medinoterb), 메소설푸론(mesosulfuron), 메소설푸론-메틸(mesosulfuron-methyl), 메소트리온(mesotrione), 메소프라진(mesoprazine), 메소프로트린(methoprotryne), 메타자클로르(metazachlor), 메타졸(methazole), 메타조설푸론(metazosulfuron), 메타벤즈티아주론(methabenzthiazuron), 메타미트론(metamitron), 메타미폽(metamifop), 메탐(metam), 메탈프로팔린(methalpropalin), 메티우론(methiuron), 메티오졸린(methiozolin), 메티오벤카브(methiobencarb), 메틸다임론(methyldymron), 메톡설론(metoxuron), 메토설람(metosulam), 메트설푸론(metsulfuron), 메트설푸론-메틸(metsulfuron-methyl), 메트플루라존(metflurazon), 메트브로무론(metobromuron), 메토벤주론(metobenzuron), 메토메톤(methometon), 메톨라클로르(metolachlor), 메트리부진(metribuzin), 메피쿼트-클로라이드(mepiquat-chloride), 메페나셋(mefenacet), 메플루이디드(mefluidide), 모날리드(monalide), 모니소우론(monisouron), 모누론(monuron), 모노클로르 아세트산(monochloroacetic acid), 모놀리누론(monolinuron), 모리네이트(molinate), 모르팜쿼트(morfamquat), 요오드설푸론(iodosulfuron), 요오드설푸론-메틸-나트륨(iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium), 요오드보닐(iodobonil), 요오드메탄(iodomethane), 락토펜(lactofen), 리누론(linuron), 림설푸론(rimsulfuron), 레나실(lenacil), 로데타닐(rhodethanil), 과산화칼슘(calcium peroxide), 브롬화 메틸(methyl bromide) 등을 예시할 수 있다.
또한, 생물 농약으로서 예를 들면, 핵다각체 바이러스(Nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV), 과립병 바이러스(Granulosis virus, GV), 세포질 다각체병 바이러스(Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, CPV), 곤충폭스 바이러스(Entomopoxi virus, EPV) 등의 바이러스 제제, 모나크로스포륨·피마토파검(Monacrosporium phymatophagum), 스테이네르네마·카포카프사에(Steinernema carpocapsae), 스테이네르네마·쿠시다이(Steinernema kushidai), 파스튜리아·페네트란스(Pasteuria penetrans) 등의 살충 또는 살선충제로서 이용되는 미생물 농약, 트리코데르마·리그노럼(Trichoderma lignorum), 아그로박테리움·라디오박터(Agrobacterium radiobactor), 비병원성 에르위니아·카로토보라(Erwinia carotovora), 바실루스·서브틸리스(Bacillus subtilis) 등의 살균제로서 사용되는 미생물 농약, 크산토모나스·캄페스트리스(Xanthomonas campestris) 등의 제초제로서 이용되는 생물 농약 등과 혼합하여 사용함으로써, 같은 효과를 기대할 수 있다.
또한, 생물 농약으로서 예를 들면, 온실가루이좀벌(Encarsia formosa), 콜레마니진디벌(Aphidius colemani), 진디혹파리(Aphidoletes aphidimyza), 굴파리좀벌(Diglyphus isaea), 잎굴파리고치벌(Dacnusa sibirica), 칠레이리응애(Phytoseiulus persimilis), 오이이리응애(Amblyseius cucumeris), 애꽃노린재(Orius sauteri) 등의 천적 생물, 브베리아·브롱니아티(Beauveria brongniartii) 등의 미생물 농약, (Z)-10-테트라데세닐=아세테이트, (E, Z)-4, 10-테트라데카디에닐=아세테이트, (Z)-8-도데세닐=아세테이트, (Z)-11-테트라데세닐=아세테이트, (Z)-13-아이코센-10-온, 14-메틸-1-옥타데센 등의 페로몬제와 병용하는 것도 가능하다.
이하에 본 발명의 대표적인 화합물, 및 제조 중간체의 제조예에 의해 더욱 자세하게 설명하지만, 본 발명은 이들 예만으로 한정되는 것은 아니다.
[참고예]
중간체(2)의 제조예
5-클로로-6-에톡시카보닐니코틴산의 제조 방법
오토클레이브 중, 5, 6-디클로로니코틴산(10g, 52mmol)의 에탄올(60mL) 용액에 DPPB(1,4-비스(디페닐포스피노)부탄) (2.2g, 10mol%), 트리에틸아민(14g, 2.5eq.), PdCl2(PPh3)2(911mg, 2.5mol%)를 첨가하여 반응계를 일산화탄소 치환하고(CO압, 4.0MPa), 135℃에서 4시간 동안 교반했다. 반응 혼합물에 물, 3N 염산을 첨가하여 수층을 산성으로 한 후에, 아세트산에틸로 여러 번 추출했다. 유기층을 황산나트륨으로 건조한 후에 농축하고, 수득한 고체를 헥산-아세트산에틸=2:1(v/v)의 용액으로 씻고, 목적한 5-클로로-6-에톡시카보닐니코틴산(10.9g, 76%)을 얻었다.
물성: 1H-NMR(CDCl3):9.02(d, 1H), 8.44(d, 1H), 4.42(dd, 2H), 1.33(t, 3H)
5-클로로-6-에톡시카보닐니코틴산 t-부틸에스테르의 제조 방법
이전 공정으로 수득한 5-클로로-6-에톡시카보닐니코틴산(10.9g, 47.6mmol)을 톨루엔(30mL)에 용해시키고, DMF(N,N-디메틸포름아미드)(4mL)를 첨가했다. 이어서, 염화티오닐(11g, 2eq.)을 첨가하여 90℃에서 3시간 가열교반했다. 반응 용액을 실온으로 되돌려, 농축했다. 다른 용기에 t-부탄올(35mL, 10당량), THF(테트라히드로푸란)(100mL), 디이소프로필에틸아민(50mL, 7eq.), DMAP(N,N-디메틸-4-아미노피리딘) (6g, 1당량)의 혼합 용액에 빙랭 하에서, 상술한 농축 나머지를 천천히 첨가했다. 반응 혼합물을 3시간 가열 환류하고, 실온까지 냉각한 후, 물, 아세트산에틸을 첨가하여 여러 번 추출했다. 유기층을 황산나트륨으로 건조한 후, 농축하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피(헥산-아세트산에틸=5:1(v/v))를 수행하여, 목적한 5-클로로-6-에톡시카보닐니코틴산 t-부틸에스테르(8.43g, 62%)를 얻었다.
물성: 1H-NMR(CDCl3):9.05(d, 1H), 8.30(d, 1H), 4.50(dd, 2H), 1.61(s, 9H), 1.44(t, 3H)
5-에틸티오-6-에톡시카보닐니코틴산 t-부틸에스테르의 제조 방법
5-클로로-6-에톡시카보닐니코틴산 t-부틸에스테르(8.43g, 21.65mmol)를 DMF(100mL)에 용해했다. 빙냉하에, 나트륨에탄티올레이트(2.27g, 1당량)를 천천히 첨가하고, 5분 교반한 후, 물을 첨가하고, 이어서 0.5N 염산을 첨가했다. 아세트산에틸로 여러 번 추출한 후, 유기층을 황산나트륨으로 건조한 후, 농축하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피(헥산-AcOEt=5:1(v/v))를 수행하여, 목적한 5-에틸티오-6-에톡시카보닐니코틴산 t-부틸에스테르(6.17g, 92%)를 얻었다.
물성: 1H-NMR(CDCl3):8.91(d, 1H), 8.22(d, 1H), 4.49(dd, 2H), 2.99(dd, 2H), 1.61(s, 9H), 1.45(t, 3H), 1.40(t, 3H)
3-에틸티오-5 -t-부톡시카보닐아미노피콜린산 에틸에스테르의 제조 방법
5-에틸티오-6-에톡시카보닐니코틴산 t-부틸에스테르(6.17g, 19.9mmol)를 트리플루오로아세트산(30mL)에 용해시키고, 30분간 가열 환류했다. 반응 용액을 농축하고, 톨루엔 및 아세트산에틸을 첨가하여 재차 농축했다. 나머지에 t-부탄올(100mL), 트리에틸아민(6.5g, 3eq.), 디페닐포스포릴아자이드(DPPA)(11.74g, 2eq.)를 첨가하고, 실온에서 1시간 동안 교반한 후에 4시간 환류했다. 반응 용액을 농축하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피(헥산-아세트산에틸=2:1(v/v))를 수행하여, 목적한 3-에틸티오-5 -t-부톡시카보닐아미노피콜린산 에틸에스테르(3.63g, 56%)를 얻었다.
물성: 1H-NMR(CDCl3):8.25(d, 1H), 8.09(d, 1H), 6.74(s, 1H), 4.46(dd, 2H), 2.97(dd, 2H), 1.53(s, 9H), 1.44(t, 3H), 1.41(t, 3H)
5-아미노-3-에틸티오피콜린산 에틸에스테르의 제조 방법
3-에틸티오-5-t-부톡시카보닐아미노피콜린산 에틸에스테르(670mg, 2.06mmol)를 트리플루오로아세트산(30mL)에 용해시키고, 30분간 실온에서 교반했다. 반응 용액을 농축하고, 물 및 아세트산에틸, 탄산칼륨을 첨가했다. 아세트산에틸로 여러 번 추출한 후, 유기층을 황산나트륨으로 건조한 후, 농축하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피(헥산-AcOEt=1:3(v/v))를 수행하여, 목적한 5-아미노-3-에틸티오피콜린산 에틸에스테르(358mg, 77%)를 얻었다.
물성: 1H-NMR(CDCl3):7.89(d, 1H), 6.80(s, 1H), 4.43(dd, 2H), 4.08(s, 2H), 2.88(dd, 2H), 1.56(s, 9H), 1.42(t, 3H), 1.40(t, 3H)
3-에틸티오-5-요오드피콜린산 에틸에스테르의 제조 방법
5-아미노-3-에틸티오피콜린산 에틸에스테르(1g, 4.44mmol)를 아세토니트릴(10mL)에 용해시키고, 트리플루오로아세트산(500mg, 1당량) 및 p-톨루엔설폰산(2.6g, 3당량)을 첨가하여 5℃ 정도의 수욕으로 냉각했다. 다른 용기에 조정한 요오드화 칼륨(2.25g, 3당량)과 아초산 나트륨(612mg, 2eq.)의 수용액(10mL)을 상술한 반응액에 천천히 첨가했다. 그대로 30분 교반하고, 다시 실온에서 30분 교반했다. 반응 용액에 하이포 워터(hypo water)를 첨가하여 아세트산에틸로 여러 번 추출한 후에 유기층을 건조, 농축하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, 목적한 3-에틸티오-5-요오드피콜린산 에틸에스테르(761mg, 51%)를 얻었다.
물성: 1H-NMR(CDCl3):8.61(s, 1H), 7.95(s, 1H), 4.45(dd, 2H), 2.91(dd, 2H), 1.43(t, 3H), 1.39(t, 3H)
3-에틸티오-5-요오드피콜린산의 제조 방법
3-에틸티오-5-요오드-2-피리딘카복실산 에틸에스테르(761mg, 2.26mmol)를 에탄올(5mL)에 용해시키고, 3M수산화나트륨 수용액(1.2mL, 1.5eq.)을 첨가했다. 실온에서 5분 교반하고, 물 및 3N염산을 첨가했다. 아세트산에틸로 여러 번 추출한 후에 유기층을 건조, 농축하여, 목적한 3-에틸티오-5-요오드피콜린산을 정량적인 수율로 얻었다.
물성: 1H-NMR(CDCl3):13.30(brs, 1H), 8.60(d, 1H), 8.16(d, 1H), 3.00(dd, 2H), 1.24(t, 3H)
3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피콜린산의 제조 방법
3-에틸티오-5-요오드피콜린산 에틸에스테르(2g, 5.9mmol), 시클로프로필보론산(1.0g, 2당량), 인산칼륨(트리베이직) (6.3g, 5당량), PdCl2(dppf)아세톤 복합체(1.0g, 0.2당량)를 톨루엔(40mL)과 물(10mL)의 혼합 용매에 용해시키고, 2시간 가열 환류했다. 냉각 후, 1NHCl로 ?치하고, 아세트산에틸로 추출 후, 무수황산나트륨으로 건조하고, 농축하여 수득한 나머지를 컬럼 크로마토그래피로 정제하여, 3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피콜린산 에틸에스테르를 얻었다(1.32g, 89%).
1H-NMR; 8.19 (d, 1H), 7.27 (d, 1H), 4.46 (q, 2H), 2.92 (q, 2H), 1.97-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.37 (m, 6H), 1.13-1.10 (m, 2H), 0.82-0.78 (m, 2H)
마찬가지로 메틸에스테르체, 이소프로필에스테르체, 노말부틸에스테르체, 아미드체, 메틸아미드체를 합성했다.
메틸에스테르체
1H-NMR; 8.18 (d, 1H), 7.263 (s, 1H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 3.93 (2H, q), 1.97-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.39 (t, 3H), 1.17-1.12 (m, 2H), 0.84-0.80 (m, 2H)
이소프로필에스테르체
1H-NMR; 8.20 (d, 2H), 2.27 (d, 2H), 5.33(m, 1H), 2.97-2.89(m, 2H), 1.96-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.37 (m, 9H), 1.14-1.10 (m, 2H), 0.92-0.82 (m, 2H)
노말부틸에스테르체
1H-NMR; 8.19 (d, 2H), 7.27 (d, 1H), 4.40 (t, 2H), 2.92 (q, 2H), 1.94-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.46-1.39 (m, 5H), 1.15-1.10 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, 3H), 0.83-0.78 (m, 2H)
아미드체
1H-NMR; 8.00 (d, 1H), 7.77 (brs, 1H), 5.41 (brs, 1H), 2.90 (q, 2H), 1.944 (m, 1H), 1.41 (t, 3H), 1.13-1.11 (m, 2H), 0.81-0.80 (m, 2H)
메틸아미드체
1H-NMR; 7.97 (d, 2H), 7.92 (brs, 1H), 7.23 (s, 2H), 3.00 (d, 3H), 2.88(q, 2H), 1.96-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.39 (t, 3H), 1.12-1.08 (m, 2H), 0.81-0.77 (m, 2H)
3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피콜린산 에틸에스테르(1.12g, 4.5mmol)를 에탄올(10mL)에 용해시키고, 15%NaOH 수용액(2.4g, 2eq)을 첨가했다. 실온에서 3시간 동안 교반 후 에탄올을 제거하고, 물을 첨가하여 나머지를 완전하게 용해시키고, 1N HCl를 적가하고, pH3~4로 조제했다. 생성된 고체를 취하고, 아세트산에틸에 용해시켜 무수황산나트륨으로 건조하고, 농축하여 3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피콜린산을 얻었다(0.91g, 91%).
1H-NMR; 8.01 (d, 1H), 7.31 (d, 1H), 2.95 (q, 2H), 2.00-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.42 (t, 3H), 1.21-1.16 (m, 2H), 0.87-0.84 (m, 2H)
중간체(3)의 제조예
N-메틸-(5-트리플루오로메틸-피리딘-2-일)-아민 3.48g 및 DMF20mL의 혼합물에, N-브로모숙신이미드 4.27g을 첨가하고, 실온에서 1시간 교반했다. 반응 혼합물에 포화 염화암모늄 수용액을 주가하고, 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 유기층을 황산나트륨으로 건조시퀸 후, 감압하 농축했다. 수득한 나머지를 실리카겔 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, N-메틸-(3-브로모-5-트리플루오로메틸-피리딘-2-일)-아민 4.8g을 얻었다.
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:3.08(3H, d), 5.40(1H, brs), 7.78(1H, d), 8.34(1H, s).
내압 반응 용기에, N-메틸-(3-브로모-5-트리플루오로메틸-피리딘-2-일)-아민 0.51g, 아세틸아세톤구리(II) 0.11g, 아세틸아세톤 0.20g, 탄산세슘 1.30g, NMP(N-메틸피롤리돈) 2mL 및 28% 암모니아수 1mL를 첨가하고, 120℃에서 7시간 및 130℃에서 3시간 교반했다. 실온까지 방랭한 후에 포화 염화암모늄 수용액을 주가하고, 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 유기층을 황산나트륨으로 건조시퀸 후, 감압하 농축했다. 수득한 나머지를 실리카겔 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, N2-메틸-5-트리플루오로메틸피리딘-2, 3-디아민 0.28g을 얻었다.
참고예 1
2-(3-에틸티오-5-요오드피리딘-2-일)-3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3 H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘의 제조
피리딘카복실산(856mg, 2.8mmol)과 3-아미노-2-메틸아미노-5-트리플루오로메틸피리딘(690mg)을 THF(5mL)에 용해시키고, 트리에틸아민(1mL), 4-디메틸아미노피리딘(683mg) 및 1-메틸-2-클로로피리디늄아이오다이드(1.1 g)를 순차적으로 첨가했다. 반응 용액을 실온에서 30분 교반한 후에, 3시간 가열 환류했다. 실온까지 냉각한 후에 물을 첨가하고, 아세트산에틸로 여러 번 추출한 후에 유기층을 건조, 농축했다. 수득한 나머지를 NMP(5mL)에 용해시키고, p-톨루엔설폰산(1.5g)을 첨가하고, 150℃에서 1시간 동안 교반했다. 반응 용기를 실온까지 냉각하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, 목적한 이미다조피리딘(411mg, 32%, mp: 89-90℃)을 얻었다.
동일한 방법으로, 2-(3-에틸티오-5-요오드피리딘-2-일)-3-메틸-6-테트라플루오로에틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘을 합성했다(mp: 110-112℃).
참고예 2
2-(3-에틸설포닐-5-요오드피리딘-2-일)-3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘의 제조
상기 반응으로 수득한 이미다조피리딘(361mg, 0.776mmol)을 아세트산에틸(5mL)에 용해시키고, 메타클로로과산화벤조산(455mg)을 첨가하고, 실온에서 2시간 동안 교반했다. 반응 용액에 FAMSO(메틸(메틸설피닐)메틸설피드) 몇 방울 및 트리에틸아민(1mL)을 첨가하고, 농축한 후에 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, 목적한 설폰체(378mg, 98%, mp: 174-175℃)를 얻었다.
동일한 방법으로, 2-(3-에틸설포닐-5-요오드피리딘-2-일)-3-메틸-6-테트라플루오로에틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘을 합성했다(mp: 138-140℃).
실시예
1
2-(3-
에틸설포닐-
5-
시클로프로필피리딘-
2-일)-3-
메틸-
6-
펜타플루오로에
틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-C]피리딘(화합물 번호 1-15)의 제조
상기 반응으로 수득한 설폰체(110mg, 0.22mmol), 시클로프로필 환형상 트리올 보레이트 나트륨(127 mg)을 DMF(2mL)에 용해시키고, 물(400μL)을 첨가했다. 아르곤하에, 디클로로디페닐포스피노페로센팔라듐(18 mg)을 첨가하고, 100℃에서 1시간 가열 교반했다. 반응 용액을 실온까지 냉각 후, 농축하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, 목적한 시클로프로판체(75mg, 82%)를 얻었다.
참고예 3
N-(5-트리플루오로메틸-2-아미노메틸페닐)-3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필-피콜린산아미드의 제조
3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피콜린산(230 mg)을 피리딘(2mL)에 용해시키고, 1-히드록시벤조트리아졸(13mg, 0.1당량)과 EDC(1-에틸-3-(3-디메틸아미노프로필)카보디이미드염산염)(400mg, 2.0당량)를 첨가했다. 실온에서 10분간 교반한 후, 2-메틸아미노-6-트리플루오로메틸아닐린(200mg, 1.0당량)을 첨가하고, 다시 2.5시간 동안 교반했다. 그 후, 염화암모늄 수용액을 첨가하여 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 유기상을 황산나트륨으로 건조시키고, 용매를 감압하에 제거하고, N-(5-트리플루오로메틸-2-아미노메틸페닐)-3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필-피콜린산아미드(470mg, 정량적)를 얻었다.
제조예 1
2-(3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-1-메틸-5-트리플루오로메틸-1H-벤조이미다졸의 제법(화합물 번호7-13)
N-(5-트리플루오로메틸-2-아미노메틸페닐)-3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필-피콜린산아미드(470mg)를 톨루엔(1.5mL)에 용해시키고, 아세트산(1.5mL)을 첨가했다. 100℃에서 1.5시간 동안 교반했다. TLC 로 원료의 소실을 확인하고, 물을 첨가하여 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 황산나트륨을 첨가하고 탈수, 실리카겔을 첨가하여 용매를 제거하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피에서 정제하여, 2-(3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-1-메틸-5-트리플루오로메틸-1H-벤조이미다졸(395mg, 81%)을 얻었다.
제조예 2
2-(3-에틸설피닐-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-1-메틸-5-트리플루오로메틸-1H-벤조이미다졸(화합물 번호7-14), 및 2-(3-에틸설포닐-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-1-메틸-5-트리플루오로메틸-1H-벤조이미다졸(화합물 번호7-15)의 제조
2-(3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-1-메틸-5-트리플루오로메틸-1H-벤조이미다졸(190mg)을 아세트산에틸(2mL)에 용해시키고, m-CPBA(메타클로로과산화벤조산)(185mg, 1.5당량)를 첨가했다. 실온에서 1시간 동안 교반했다. TLC로 원료의 소실을 확인하고, 티오황산나트륨 수용액을 첨가하여 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 황산나트륨을 첨가하고 탈수, 실리카겔을 첨가하여 용매를 제거하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피에서 정제하여, 2-(3-에틸설피닐-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-1-메틸-5-트리플루오로메틸-1H-벤조이미다졸(55mg, 30%), 2-(3-에틸설포닐-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-1-메틸-5-트리플루오로메틸-1H-벤조이미다졸(84mg, 45%)을 얻었다.
참고예 4
5-트리플루오로메틸피리딘-3-니트로-2-올의 제조
5-트리플루오로메틸피리딘-2-올(500 mg)을 황산(6mL)에 용해시키고, 빙랭하면서 아세트산을 첨가했다. 실온으로 승온하고, 1.5시간 동안 교반한 후, 70℃로 가열하고 4시간 동안 교반했다. 물을 첨가하고, 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 황산나트륨을 첨가하여 탈수, 용매 제거함으로써 5-트리플루오로메틸피리딘-3-니트로-2-올(426mg, 순도 약 50%)을 얻었다.
참고예 5
3-아미노-5-트리플루오로메틸피리딘-2-올의 제조
5-트리플루오로메틸피리딘-3-니트로-2-올(420 mg)을 에탄올(4mL)에 용해시키고, 물(1mL)에 녹인 염화암모늄(110mg, 1.0당량)을 첨가했다. 실온에서 교반하면서, 철분(560mg, 5.0당량)을 첨가하고, 가열 환류 조건으로 1.5시간 동안 교반했다. 원료의 소실을 확인하고, 세라이트 여과에 의해 금속 등을 제거했다. 용매를 제거하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피에서 정제했다. 3-아미노-5-트리플루오로메틸피리딘-2-올(102mg, 19%)을 얻었다.
참고예 6
N-(5-트리플루오로메틸-2-히드록시피리딘-3-일)-3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필-피콜린산아미드의 제법
3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피콜린산(140 mg)을 피리딘(2mL)에 용해시키고, 1-히드록시벤조트리아졸(8mg, 0.1당량)과 EDC(215mg, 2.0당량)를 첨가했다. 실온에서 10분간 교반한 후, 3-아미노-5-트리플루오로메틸피리딘-2-올(100mg, 1.0당량)을 첨가하고, 다시 2.5시간 동안 교반했다. 원료의 소실을 확인하고, 염화암모늄 수용액을 첨가하여 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 유기상을 황산나트륨으로 건조시키고, 용매를 감압하 제거하여, N-(5-트리플루오로메틸-2-히드록시피리딘-3-일)-3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필-피콜린산아미드(132mg, 62%)를 얻었다.
실시예
2
2-(3-
에틸티오-
5-
시클로프로필피리딘-
2-일)-5-
트리플루오로메틸-옥사졸
로[5,4-b]피리딘(화합물 번호 3-13)의 제조
N-(5-트리플루오로메틸-2-히드록시피리딘-3-일)-3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필-피콜린산아미드(130mg)를 톨루엔(1mL)에 용해시키고, 실온에서 트리페닐포스핀(270mg, 3.0당량), 아조디카복실산비스(2-메톡시에틸)(240mg, 3.0당량)를 첨가하고, 50℃로 가열하면서 3시간 동안 교반했다. TLC로 원료가 소실한 것을 확인하고, 물을 더하고, 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 황산나트륨을 첨가하여 탈수, 실리카겔을 첨가하여 용매를 제거하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피에서 정제했다. 목적물(64mg, 52%)을 얻었다.
실시예
3
2-(3-
에틸설포닐-
5-
시클로프로필피리딘-
2-일)-5-
트리플루오로메틸-옥사
졸로[5,4-b]피리딘의 제법(화합물 번호 3-15)
2-(3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-5-트리플루오로메틸-옥사졸로[5,4-b]피리딘(130mg, 1.0당량)을 아세트산에틸(1mL)에 용해시키고, m-CPBA(106mg, 2.5당량)를 첨가했다. 실온에서 3.5시간 동안 교반했다. TLC로 원료의 소실을 확인하고, 티오황산나트륨 수용액을 첨가하고, 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 황산나트륨을 첨가하여 탈수, 실리카겔을 첨가하여 용매를 제거하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피에서 정제했다. 2-(3-에틸설포닐-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-5-트리플루오로메틸-옥사졸로[5,4-b]피리딘(60mg, 94%)을 얻었다.
공지의 2-아미노-4-(트리플루오로메틸티오)페놀, 2-아미노-4-트리플루오로메틸페놀, 2-아미노-4-펜타플루오로에틸페놀, 또는 N3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸피리딘-3,4-디아민으로부터 상기 실시예와 동일한 방법으로, 화합물 번호8-12, 8-15, 8-18, 및 2-15를 제조했다.
참고예 7
5-트리플루오로메틸-2-메르캅토-3-니트로피리딘의 제조
2-클로로-5-트리플루오로메틸-3-니트로피리딘(500mg)을 DMF(4mL)에 용해시키고, 수황화나트륨(150mg, 1.2당량)을 첨가했다. 실온에서 3시간 동안 교반하고, TLC로 원료의 소실을 확인 후, 물을 첨가하여 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 황산나트륨을 첨가하여 탈수, 실리카겔을 첨가하여 용매를 제거하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피에서 정제했다. 5-트리플루오로메틸-2-메르캅토-3-니트로피리딘(193mg, 39%)을 얻었다.
참고예 8
3-아미노-5-트리플루오로메틸-2-메르캅토피리딘의 제조
5-트리플루오로메틸-2-메르캅토-3-니트로피리딘(190 mg)을 에탄올(2mL)에 용해시키고, 물(0.5mL)에 녹인 염화암모늄(45mg, 1당량)을 첨가했다. 실온에서 교반하면서, 철분(240mg, 5.0당량)을 첨가하여 환류하에서 5.5시간 동안 교반했다. TLC로 원료의 소실을 확인하고, 세라이트 여과에 의해 금속을 제거했다. 실리카겔을 첨가하여 용매를 제거하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피에서 정제하여, 3-아미노-5-트리플루오로메틸-2-메르캅토피리딘(70mg, 46%)을 얻었다.
참고예 9
N-(5-트리플루오로메틸-2-메르캅토피리딘-3-일)-3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필-피콜린산아미드의 제법
3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피콜린산(96mg)을 피리딘(1.5mL)에 용해시키고, 1-히드록시벤조트리아졸(5mg, 0.1당량), EDC(165mg, 2.4당량)을 첨가하고, 실온에서 20분간 교반했다. 피리딘(2mL)에 녹인 3-아미노-5-트리플루오로메틸-2-메르캅토피리딘(70mg, 1.0당량)을 적가하고, 실온에서 4시간 동안 교반했다. TLC로 원료의 소실을 확인하고, 물을 첨가하여 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 황산나트륨을 첨가하여 탈수, 용매를 제거하고, 크루드의 N-(5-트리플루오로메틸-2-메르캅토피리딘-3-일)-3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필-피콜린산아미드(160 mg)를 얻었다.
실시예
4
2-(3-
에틸티오-
5-
시클로프로필피리딘-
2-일)-5-
트리플루오로메틸-티아
졸[5,4-b]피리딘의 제법(화합물 번호 5-13)
크루드(crude)의 N-(5-트리플루오로메틸-2-메르캅토피리딘-3-일)-3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필-피콜린산아미드(160 mg)를 NMP(1mL)에 용해시키고, P-톨루엔설폰산(115 mg)을 첨가하여 150℃에서 2시간 동안 교반했다. TLC로 원료의 소실을 확인하고, 물을 첨가하여 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 황산나트륨을 첨가하여 탈수, 실리카겔을 첨가하여 용매를 제거하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피에서 정제하여, 2-(3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-5-트리플루오로메틸-티아졸[5,4-b]피리딘(64mg, 47%)을 얻었다.
실시예
5
2-(3-
에틸설포닐-
5-
시클로프로필피리딘-
2-일)-5-
트리플루오로메틸-티아
졸[5,4-b]피리딘의 제조(화합물 번호 5-15)
2-(3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-5-트리플루오로메틸-티아졸[5,4-b]피리딘(55 mg)을 아세트산에틸(1mL)에 용해시키고, m-CPBA(82mg, 2.2당량)을 첨가했다. 실온에서 1.5시간 동안 교반했다. 원료의 소실을 확인하고, 티오황산나트륨 수용액을 첨가하여 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 황산나트륨을 첨가하여 탈수, 실리카겔을 첨가하여 용매를 제거하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피에서 정제했다. 2-(3-에틸설포닐-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-5-트리플루오로메틸-티아졸[5,4-b]피리딘(15mg, 28%)을 얻었다.
참고예 10
6, 6-디설판디일비스(3-트리플루오로메틸아닐린)의 제법
4-트리플루오로메틸-2-니트로클로로벤젠(2.0g)을 DMF(15mL)에 용해시키고, 수황화나트륨(1.0g, 2.0당량)을 실온에서 첨가했다. 5시간 동안 교반하고, TLC로 원료의 소실을 확인하고, 물을 첨가하여 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 나머지 생성물(1.65g, 순도<50%)을 얻었다. 수득한 나머지 생성물을 에탄올(15mL)에 용해시키고, 물(5mL)에 녹인 염화암모늄(200 mg)을 첨가했다. 실온에서 교반하면서, 철분(2.1g, 과잉량)을 첨가하고, 가열 환류 조건으로 2시간 동안 교반했다. 그 후 세라이트 여과에 의해 금속을 제거했다. 실리카겔을 첨가하여 용매를 제거하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피에서 정제하여, 6, 6-디설판디일비스(3-트리플루오로메틸아닐린)(274mg, 16%)를 얻었다.
참고예 11
3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피콜린산 염화물의 제법
3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피콜린산(220 mg)을 THF(1mL)에 용해시키고, DMF를 촉매량으로 첨가했다. 그 용액에 염화옥살릴(150mg, 1.2당량)을 적가하고, 실온에서 5시간 동안 교반했다. 용매를 제거하고 3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피콜린산 염화물을 얻었다.
참고예 12
N-(2-((2-아미노-4-트리플루오로메틸페닐)디설파닐)-5-트리플루오로페닐)-5-시클로프로필-3-에틸티오피콜린산아미드의 제법
150mg의 6,6-디설판디일비스(3-트리플루오로메틸아닐린)를 THF(1mL)에 용해시키고, 트리에틸아민(158mg, 4.0당량)을 첨가했다. 또한 3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피콜린산 염화물을 조금씩 첨가하고, 실온에서 3시간 동안 교반했다. 물을 첨가하여, 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 황산나트륨을 첨가하여 탈수, 실리카겔을 첨가하여 용매를 제거하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피에서 정제하여, N-(2-((2-아미노-4-트리플루오로메틸페닐)디설파닐)-5-트리플루오로페닐)-5-시클로프로필-3-에틸티오피콜린산아미드(134mg, 58%)를 얻었다.
실시예
6
2-(3-
에틸티오-
5-
시클로프로필피리딘-
2-일)-5-
트리플루오로메틸-벤조티
아졸의 제조(화합물 번호 9-10)
이전 공정으로 제조한 피콜린산아미드(130 mg)를 NMP(2mL)에 용해시키고, 아르곤 분위기하에, 롱갈리트(51mg, 1.5당량)를 첨가했다. 또한 P-톨루엔설폰산 일수화물(63mg, 1.5당량)을 첨가하고, 150℃에서 1시간 동안 교반했다. 그 후, 물을 첨가하여 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 황산나트륨을 첨가하여 탈수, 실리카겔을 첨가하여 용매를 제거하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피에서 정제하여, 2-(3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-5-트리플루오로메틸-벤조티아졸(66mg, 79%)을 얻었다.
실시예
7
2-(3-
에틸설포닐-
5-
시클로프로필피리딘-
2-일)-5-
트리플루오로메틸-벤조
티아졸의 제조(화합물 번호 9-12)
2-(3-에틸티오-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-5-트리플루오로메틸-벤조티아졸(50 mg)을 아세트산에틸(1mL)에 용해시키고, mCPBA(76mg, 2.2당량)을 첨가하고, 실온에서 2.5시간 동안 교반했다. TLC로 원료의 소실을 확인하고, 티오황산나트륨 수용액을 첨가하여 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 황산나트륨을 첨가하여 탈수, 실리카겔을 첨가하여 용매를 제거하고, 컬럼 크로마토그래피에서 정제하여, 2-(3-에틸설포닐-5-시클로프로필피리딘-2-일)-5-트리플루오로메틸-벤조티아졸(15mg, 28%)를 얻었다.
참고예 13
1-(4-메톡시벤질)-3-메틸 2-(5-에틸티오-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘-3-일)말로네이트의 제법
2-(3-에틸티오-5-요오드피리딘-2-일)-3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘(1.1g, 2.4mmol), 요오드화구리(I)(0.09g, 0.2당량), 피콜린산(0.12g, 0.4당량), 말론산메틸파라메톡시벤질(0.68g, 1.2당량), 탄산세슘(3.1g, 4당량)을 THF(48mL)에 용해시키고, 60℃에서 1시간 동안 교반했다.
반응 종료 후, 포화 염화암모늄 수용액을 첨가 후, 아세트산에틸로 추출했다. 무수황산나트륨으로 건조한 후, 감압 농축했다. 수득한 나머지를 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, 1-(4-메톡시벤질)-3-메틸 2-(5-에틸티오-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘-3-일)말론산에스테르(1.4g)를 얻었다.
참고예 14
메틸 2-(5-에틸티오-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘-3-일)아세테이트의 제법
이전 공정으로 제조한 말론산에스테르(1.4g, 2.4mmol)를 트리플루오로아세트산(10mL)에 용해시키고, 50℃에서 2시간 동안 교반했다. 농축 후, 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, 메틸 2-(5-에틸티오-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘-3-일)아세테이트(818mg, 82%)를 얻었다.
참고예 15
메틸 1-(5-에틸티오-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카복실레이트
이전 공정으로 제조한 아세트산에스테르(818mg, 2.0mmol)를 DMF(20mL)에 용해시키고, 1, 2-디브로모에탄(1.5g, 4당량)을 첨가했다. 그 후, 0℃까지 냉각하고, 60% NaH(160mg, 2당량)을 첨가했다. 0℃에서 1시간, 실온에서 3시간 동안 교반 후, 1 노르말 HCl 수용액 중에 반응액을 적가했다. 아세트산에틸로 추출 후, 무수황산나트륨으로 건조했다. 감압 농축하여 수득한 나머지를 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, 메틸 1-(5-에틸티오-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카복실레이트(700mg, 80%)를 얻었다.
실시예
8
메틸
1-(5-
에틸설포닐-
6-(3-
메틸-
6-
트리플루오로메틸-
3H-
이미다조[4,5-
b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카복실레이트(화합물 번호 11-2)
이전 공정으로 수득한 시클로프로판카복실산에스테르(510mg, 1.1mmol)를 아세트산에틸(10mL)에 용해시키고, 65% mCPBA(670mg, 2당량)을 첨가했다. 3시간 실온에서 교반 후, FAMSO, 트리에틸아민을 첨가하고, 용매를 농축하여 수득한 나머지를 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, 메틸 1-(5-에틸설포닐-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카복실레이트(530mg, 97 %)를 얻었다.
실시예
9
1-(5-
에틸설포닐-
6-(3-
메틸-
6-
트리플루오로메틸-
3H-
이미다조[4,5-b]피
리딘-2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카복실산의 제법(화합물 번호 11-1)
이전 공정으로 수득한 시클로프로판카복실산에스테르(530mg, 1.1mmol)를 메탄올(10mL)에 용해시키고, 15% 수산화나트륨 수용액(0.3g, 1.1당량)을 첨가했다. 40℃에서 2시간 동안 교반하고, 물을 첨가했다. 메탄올을 제거한 후, 1 노르말 HCl로 pH4로 조정했다. 아세트산에틸로 추출 후, 무수황산나트륨으로 건조하고, 용매를 제거하여 1-(5-에틸설포닐-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카복실산(510mg, 99%)을 얻었다.
실시예
10
1-(5-
에틸설포닐-
6-(3-
메틸-
6-
트리플루오로메틸-
3H-
이미다조[4,5-b]피
리딘-2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카복실산아미드의 제법(화합물 번호 11-6)
이전 공정으로 수득한 시클로프로판카복실산(530mg, 1.1mmol)을 THF(10mL)에 용해시키고, 염화 옥살릴(160mg, 1.1당량)을 첨가했다. 실온에서 1시간 동안 교반 후 용액을 농축하고, 산클로라이드를〈500mg, 90%〉얻었다. 해당 산클로라이드(360mg, 0.76mmol)를 28% 암모니아수(5mL)에 소량씩 첨가했다. 1시간 실온에서 교반 후, 아세트산에틸로 추출 후, 무수황산나트륨으로 건조하고, 농축하여 수득한 나머지를 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, 1-(5-에틸설포닐-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카복실산아미드(300mg, 87%)를 얻었다.
실시예
11
1-(5-
에틸설포닐-
6-(3-
메틸-
6-
트리플루오로메틸-
3H-
이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-
2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카보니트릴의 제법(화합물 번호
11
-13)
이전 공정으로 수득한 시클로프로판카복실산아미드(300mg, 0.66mmol)를 DMF(2mL)에 용해시키고, 옥시염화인(41mg, 0.4당량)을 첨가했다. 실온에서 1시간 동안 교반 후, 포화 중조수를 첨가하고, 아세트산에틸로 추출 후, 무수황산나트륨으로 건조하고, 농축하여 수득한 나머지를 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, 1-(5-에틸설포닐-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카보니트릴(150mg, 52 %)을 얻었다.
공지의 2-아미노-4-(트리플루오로메틸티오)페놀, 또는 N3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸피리딘-3,4-디아민으로부터 상기 실시예와 같은 방법으로, 화합물 번호 18-173, 및 2-13을 제조했다.
참고예 16
메틸 3-(5-에틸티오-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘-3-일)아크릴레이트의 제법
2-(3-에틸티오-5-요오드피리딘-2-일)-3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘(1700 mg)에, 아크릴산 메틸(630 mg), 아세트산 팔라듐(II)(82 mg), 트리(o-트릴)포스핀(220 mg), N,N-디이소프로필에틸아민(940 mg), 디메틸포름아미드(36mL)를 첨가하여 아르곤 치환한 후, 90℃에서 3시간 동안 교반했다. 반응 혼합물을 실온까지 냉각한 후, 물을 주가하고, 아세트산에틸로 추출, 포화 식염수로 유기층을 세정했다. 유기층을 무수황산나트륨으로 건조하고, 감압하에서 농축했다. 수득한 나머지를 실리카겔 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, 메틸 3-(5-에틸티오-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘-3-일)아크릴레이트(1100 mg)를 얻었다.
물성: 융점 159-161℃
참고예 17
메틸 2-(5-에틸티오-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카복실레이트의 제조
트리메틸설폭소늄아이오다이드(26 mg), DMSO(디메틸설폭시드)(0.6mL)의 혼합 용액에, 수소화 나트륨(6 mg)을 첨가하고, 실온하에서 30분간 교반했다. 혼합 용액에 이전 공정으로 제조한 에스테르(50mg), THF(0.6mL)의 혼합 용액을 0℃에서 첨가하고, 20분간 교반한 후, 실온에서 3시간 동안 교반했다. 빙수를 주가하고, 아세트산에틸로 추출, 포화 식염수로 유기층을 세정했다. 유기층을 무수황산나트륨으로 건조하고, 감압하에서 농축했다. 수득한 나머지를 실리카겔 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, 메틸 2-(5-에틸티오-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카복실레이트(16 mg)를 얻었다.
물성: 융점 118-120℃
실시예
12
메틸 2-(5-에틸설포닐-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카복실레이트의 제조(화합물 번호11-82)
이전 공정으로 수득한 시클로프로판카복실산메틸에스테르(16 mg), 아세트산에틸(0.4mL)의 혼합 용액에 0℃에서 m-CPBA(23 mg)를 첨가하고, 실온에서 2시간 교반했다. 반응 혼합물에 포화 티오황산수소나트륨 용액을 주가하고, 아세트산에틸로 추출하고, 포화 중층수, 포화 식염수로 유기층을 세정했다. 유기층을 무수황산나트륨으로 건조하고, 감압하에서 농축했다. 수득한 나머지를 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여, 메틸 2-(5-에틸설포닐-6-(3-메틸-6-트리플루오로메틸-3H-이미다조[4,5-b]피리딘-2-일)피리딘)-3-일)시클로프로판카복실레이트(8.0 mg)를 얻었다.
이하에, 제제의 실시예를 나타내지만, 이들로 한정되는 것은 아니다. 제제예 중, 부는 중량부를 나타낸다.
제제예 1.
본 발명 화합물 10부
크실렌 70부
N-메틸피롤리돈 10부
폴리옥시에틸렌노닐페닐에테르와
알킬벤젠설폰산칼슘의 혼합 10부
이상을 균일하게 혼합 용해하여 유제로 한다.
제제예 2.
본 발명 화합물 3부
클레이 분말 82부
규조토 분말 15부
이상을 균일하게 혼합 분쇄하여 분제로 한다.
제제예 3.
본 발명 화합물 5부
벤토나이트와 클레이의 혼합 분말 90부
리그닌설폰산칼슘 5부
이상을 균일하게 혼합하고, 적당량의 물을 첨가하여 혼련하고, 조립, 건조하여 과립제로 한다.
제제예 4.
본 발명 화합물 20부
카올린과 합성고분산 규산 75부
폴리옥시에틸렌노닐페닐에테르와
알킬벤젠설폰산칼슘의 혼합 5부
이상을 균일하게 혼합 분쇄하여 수화제로 한다.
이어서 본 발명의 시험예를 나타내지만, 이들로 한정되는 것은 아니다.
시험예
1.
미주스
페르시카에(Myzus persicae)에
대한 방제가 시험
직경 8cm, 높이 8cm의 플라스틱 포트에 배추를 심고 미주스 페르시카에를 번식시켜, 각각 포트의 기생충 수를 조사했다. 본 발명의 일반식(1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류를 물에 분산시켜 500ppm의 약액에 희석하고, 그 약액을 포트에 심은 배추의 경엽에 살포하여 풍건 후, 포트를 온실에 보관하고, 약제 살포 후 6일째에 각각의 배추에 기생하는 미주스 페르시카에의 기생충 수를 조사하고, 하기 식으로부터 방제가를 산출하여, 하기 판정 기준에 따라 판정했다.
Ta: 처리구의 살포 전 기생충 수
T: 처리구의 살포 후 기생충 수
Ca: 무처리구의 살포 전 기생충 수
C: 무처리구의 살포 후 기생충 수
판정 기준
A···방제가 100%
B···방제가 99%~90%
C···방제가 89%~80%
D···방제가 79%~50%
그 결과, 본 발명 화합물의 1-15, 1-16, 1-18, 2-15, 3-13, 3-15, 5-13, 5-15, 7-13, 7-14, 7-15, 8-10, 8-12, 8-15, 8-16, 8-18, 9-10, 9-12, 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-6, 11-10, 11-13, 11-14, 11-16, 11-27, 11-50, 11-53, 11-60, 11-68, 11-73, 11-80, 11-81, 11-82, 11-86, 11-93, 11-94, 11-96, 11-131, 11-140, 11-141, 11-148, 12-1, 12-2, 12-6, 12-13, 18-1, 18-2, 18-6, 18-13, 18-161, 18-162, 18-166, 18-173, 18-174, 18-176, 18-187, 18-210, 18-211, 18-213, 18-220, 18-221, 18-228, 18-233, 18-234, 20-2, 20-21, 20-22, 20-24, 20-26, 20-39, 20-41, 20-42, 20-44, 20-45, 20-46 및 20-53은, A의 활성을 나타냈다.
시험예
2.
라오델팍스
스트리아텔라
(
Laodelphax
striatella
)에 대한 살충 시험
본 발명의 일반식(1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류를 물에 분산시켜 500ppm의 약액에 희석하고, 그 약액에 벼 실생(품종: 니혼바레)을 30초간 침지하고, 풍건한 후에 유리 시험관에 넣고, 라오델팍스 스트리아텔라 3령을 각 10마리씩 접종한 후에 솜마개로 막고, 접종 8일 후에 생사충 수를 조사하고, 보정사충률을 하기 식으로부터 산출하여, 시험예 1의 판정 기준에 따라 판정을 실시했다.
그 결과, 본 발명 화합물의 1-15, 1-16, 1-18, 2-15, 3-13, 3-15, 5-13, 5-15, 7-13, 7-14, 7-15, 8-10, 8-12, 8-15, 8-16, 8-18, 9-10, 9-12, 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-6, 11-10, 11-13, 11-14, 11-16, 11-27, 11-50, 11-53, 11-60, 11-68, 11-73, 11-80, 11-81, 11-82, 11-86, 11-93, 11-94, 11-96, 11-131, 11-140, 11-141, 11-148, 12-1, 12-2, 12-6, 12-13, 18-1, 18-2, 18-6, 18-13, 18-161, 18-162, 18-166, 18-173, 18-174, 18-176, 18-187, 18-210, 18-211, 18-213, 18-220, 18-221, 18-228, 18-233, 18-234, 20-2, 20-21, 20-22, 20-24, 20-26, 20-39, 20-41, 20-42, 20-44, 20-45, 20-46 및 20-53은, A의 활성을 나타냈다.
시험예
3.
플루텔라
크실로스텔라
(
Plutella
xylostella
)에 대한 살충 시험
배추 실생에 플루텔라 크실로스텔라의 성충을 방사하여 산란시키고, 방사 2일 후에 산란 알이 붙은 배추 실생을 본 발명의 일반식(1)으로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물을 유효 성분으로 하는 약제를 500ppm에 희석한 약액에 약 30초간 침지하고, 풍건 후에 25℃의 항온실에 정치했다. 약액 침지 6일 후에 부화충 수를 조사하고, 하기 식에 의해 사충율을 산출하여, 시험예 1의 판정 기준에 따라 판정을 실시했다. 1구 10마리 3연제(連制).
그 결과, 본 발명 화합물의 1-15, 1-16, 1-18, 2-15, 3-13, 3-15, 5-13, 5-15, 7-13, 7-14, 7-15, 8-10, 8-12, 8-15, 8-16, 8-18, 9-10, 9-12, 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-6, 11-10, 11-13, 11-14, 11-16, 11-27, 11-50, 11-53, 11-60, 11-68, 11-73, 11-80, 11-81, 11-86, 11-93, 11-94, 11-96, 11-131, 11-140, 11-141, 11-148, 12-1, 12-2, 12-6, 12-13, 18-1, 18-2, 18-6, 18-13, 18-161, 18-162, 18-166, 18-173, 18-174, 18-176, 18-187, 18-210, 18-211, 18-213, 18-220, 18-221, 18-228, 18-233, 18-234, 20-2, 20-21, 20-22, 20-24, 20-26, 20-39, 20-41, 20-42, 20-44, 20-45, 20-46 및 20-53은, A의 활성을 나타냈다.
본 발명에 관한 화합물은, 폭넓은 농원예용 해충에 대해 우수한 방제 효과를 가지며, 유용하다.
Claims (9)
- 하기 식 1로 나타낸, 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류:
[식 1]
상기 식 중, R1은, (a1) (C1-C6)알킬기를 나타내고;
R2는,
(b1) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기; 또는
(b5) 동일하거나 상이할 수 있으며,
(b) 시아노기,
(c) 시아노(C1-C6)알킬기,
(d) 포르밀기,
(e) 히드록시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(n) 카복실기,
(o) (C1-C6)알콕시카보닐기,
(u) R5(R6)N기(식 중, R5 및 R6은, 동일하거나 상이할 수 있으며, 수소원자, (C1C6)알킬기, (C3C6)시클로알킬기, (C3C6)시클로알킬(C1C6)알킬기, 할로(C1C6)알킬기, (C1C6)알킬카보닐기, (C1C6)알콕시카보닐기, 또는 디(C1C6)알킬아미노카보닐기(여기서, 디(C1C6)알킬아미노의 알킬기는 동일하거나 상이할 수 있다)를 나타낸다);
(w) R5(R6)N카보닐기(식 중, R5 및 R6은, 상기와 같다) 및
(y) C(R5)=NOR6기(식 중, R5 및 R6은 상기와 같다); 에서 선택되는 1개 내지 2개의 치환기를 환상에 갖는 (C3-C6)시클로알킬기; 를 나타내고,
R3은,
(c8) 할로(C1-C6)알킬기;
(c9) 할로(C1-C6)알콕시기;
(c15) 할로(C1-C6)알킬티오기;
(c16) 할로(C1-C6)알킬설피닐기 또는
(c17) 할로(C1-C6)알킬설포닐기를 나타내고,
A는 질소원자를 나타내고, A2 및 A3은, CH를 나타내며,
A1은, O, S, 또는 N-R4를 나타내고(여기서 R4는, (d1) (C1-C6)알킬기를 나타낸다),
m은 0, 1, 또는 2를 나타내며, n은 1 또는 2를 나타낸다.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
R1이 (a1) (C1-C6)알킬기이며,
R2가 (b1) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기; 또는
(b5) 동일하거나 상이할 수 있으며,
(b) 시아노기,
(c) 시아노(C1-C6)알킬기,
(d) 포르밀기,
(e) 히드록시(C1-C6)알킬기,
(n) 카복실기,
(o) (C1-C6)알콕시카보닐기,
(u) R5(R6)N기(식 중, R5 및 R6은, 동일하거나 상이할 수 있으며, 수소원자, (C1C6)알킬기, (C3C6)시클로알킬기, (C3C6)시클로알킬(C1C6)알킬기, 할로(C1C6)알킬기, (C1C6)알킬카보닐기, (C1C6)알콕시카보닐기, 또는 디(C1C6)알킬아미노카보닐기(여기서, 디(C1C6)알킬아미노의 알킬기는 동일하거나 상이할 수 있다)를 나타낸다);
(w) R5(R6)N카보닐기(식 중, R5 및 R6은, 상기와 같다), 및
(y) C(R5)=NOR6기(식 중, R5 및 R6은 상기에 같다); 에서 선택되는 1개 내지 2개의 치환기를 환상에 갖는(C3-C6)시클로알킬기이며,
R3이,
(c8) 할로(C1-C6)알킬기;
(c9) 할로(C1-C6)알콕시기;
(c15) 할로(C1-C6)알킬티오기이며,
(c16) 할로(C1-C6)알킬설피닐기이며,
(c17) 할로(C1-C6)알킬설포닐기이며,
A가 질소원자이고, A2 및 A3이 CH이며,
A1이, O, S, 또는 N-R4이며(여기서 R4는 (d1) (C1-C6)알킬기를 나타낸다),
m이 0, 1, 또는 2이며,
n이 1인, 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
A1이, O, 또는 N-R4인(여기서 R4는 (d1) (C1-C6)알킬기를 나타낸다), 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류.
- 식 2로 나타낸 축합 복소환 화합물:
[식 2]
상기 식 중, R1은, (a1) (C1-C6)알킬기를 나타내고,
R2는, (b1) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기를 나타내고,
R3은, (c8) 할로(C1-C6)알킬기; (c9) 할로(C1-C6)알콕시기; (c15) 할로(C1-C6)알킬티오기; (c16) 할로(C1-C6)알킬설피닐기; 또는 (c17) 할로(C1-C6)알킬설포닐기를 나타내고,
A 는 질소원자를 나타내고, A2 및 A3은, CH를 나타내며, A1은, O, S, 또는 N-R4를 나타내고(여기서 R4는, (d1) (C1-C6)알킬기를 나타내고), m은 0, 1, 또는 2를 나타내며, n은 1 또는 2를 나타낸다.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,
R1이, (a1) (C1-C6)알킬기; 를 나타내며, R2가, (b1) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기를 나타내며, R3이, (c8) 할로(C1-C6)알킬기; (c9) 할로(C1-C6)알콕시기; 또는 (c15) 할로(C1-C6)알킬티오기; 를 나타내고,
A은 질소원자를 나타내고 A2 및 A3이, CH를 나타내며, A1이, N-R4를 나타내고(여기서 R4는, (d1) (C1-C6)알킬기를 나타낸다), m이 0, 또는 2를 나타내며, n은 1을 나타내는, 축합 복소환 화합물.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,
R1이, (a1) (C1-C6)알킬기; 를 나타내며, R2가, (b1) (C3-C6)시클로알킬기; 를 나타내며, R3이, (c8) 할로(C1-C6)알킬기; 를 나타내고,
A은 질소원자를 나타내고 A2 및 A3이 CH를 나타내며, A1이, O, S, 또는 N-R4를 나타내고(여기서 R4는, (d1) (C1-C6)알킬기를 나타낸다), m이 0 또는 2를 나타내며, n은 1을 나타내는, 축합 복소환 화합물.
- 청구항 1 내지 6 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류를 유효 성분으로서 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 농원예용 살충제.
- 청구항 1 내지 6 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류의 유효량으로 식물 또는 토양을 처리하는 것을 특징으로 하는 농원예용 살충제의 사용 방법.
- 청구항 1 내지 6 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 축합 복소환 화합물 또는 그 염류의 유효량을 유효 성분으로서 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 동물용 외부 기생충 방제제.
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TWI696612B (zh) | 2020-06-21 |
EP3252046A4 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
MX2017009476A (es) | 2017-11-15 |
JP6388671B2 (ja) | 2018-09-12 |
AU2016213001A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
DK3252046T3 (da) | 2020-04-14 |
EP3252046A1 (en) | 2017-12-06 |
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