JPWO2016084718A1 - 光学フィルムの製造方法 - Google Patents
光学フィルムの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2016084718A1 JPWO2016084718A1 JP2016561543A JP2016561543A JPWO2016084718A1 JP WO2016084718 A1 JPWO2016084718 A1 JP WO2016084718A1 JP 2016561543 A JP2016561543 A JP 2016561543A JP 2016561543 A JP2016561543 A JP 2016561543A JP WO2016084718 A1 JPWO2016084718 A1 JP WO2016084718A1
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Abstract
Description
(ここで、G”(60)は測定時間60分における損失弾性率の値を、G”(0)は測定時間0分における損失弾性率の値を表す。)
(ここで、G”(60)は測定時間60分における損失弾性率の値を、G”(0)は測定時間0分における損失弾性率の値を表す。)
かような構成によれば、同時重層塗布を用いた、光学フィルムの塗布故障を低減させることができる製造方法の提供が可能となる。
本発明の一形態に係る光学フィルムの製造方法においては、各光学機能層を形成する塗布液(本明細書中、「塗布液」とも称する)は特に制限されず、市販のものを用いてもよいし、また光学機能層として所望の特性を得るために調整した塗布液を用いてもよい。
以下、光学機能層を形成する塗布液の調製方法について説明する。
本発明の好ましい一形態は、各光学機能層を形成する塗布液の少なくとも1つが、架橋成分を含有する、光学フィルムの製造方法である。
使用できる高分子は、特に制限されないが、たとえば、ポリビニルアルコール類、ポリビニルピロリドン類、ポリアクリル酸、アクリル酸−アクリルニトリル共重合体、アクリル酸カリウム−アクリルニトリル共重合体、酢酸ビニル−アクリル酸エステル共重合体、若しくはアクリル酸−アクリル酸エステル共重合体などのアクリル系樹脂、スチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸共重合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸−アクリル酸エステル共重合体、スチレン−α−メチルスチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、もしくはスチレン−α−メチルスチレン−アクリル酸−アクリル酸エステル共重合体などのスチレンアクリル酸樹脂、スチレン−スチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム共重合体、スチレン−2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート共重合体、スチレン−2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート−スチレンスルホン酸カリウム共重合体、スチレン−マレイン酸共重合体、スチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体、ビニルナフタレン−アクリル酸共重合体、ビニルナフタレン−マレイン酸共重合体、酢酸ビニル−マレイン酸エステル共重合体、酢酸ビニル−クロトン酸共重合体、酢酸ビニル−アクリル酸共重合体などの酢酸ビニル系共重合体およびそれらの塩などの合成水溶性高分子;ゼラチン、増粘多糖類などの天然水溶性高分子等が挙げられる。
無機酸化物粒子としては、特に制限されないが、たとえば、Li、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Rb、Sr、Y、Nb、Zr、Mo、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、Cs、Ba、La、Ta、Hf、W、Ir、Tl、Pb、Bi及び希土類金属、ならびにケイ素(Si)からなる群より選ばれる1種または2種以上の無機酸化物等を用いることができる。
その他の添加剤としては、特に制限されないが、たとえば、特開昭57−74193号公報、特開昭57−87988号公報、および特開昭62−261476号公報等に記載の紫外線吸収剤、アニオン、カチオン、またはノニオンの各種界面活性剤、硫酸、リン酸、酢酸、クエン酸、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸カリウム等のpH調整剤、消泡剤、ジエチレングリコール等の潤滑剤、防腐剤、防黴剤、帯電防止剤、マット剤、酸化防止剤、難燃剤、赤外線吸収剤、色素、顔料、エマルジョン樹脂、粘度調整剤、チキソトロピー性付与剤等の公知の各種添加剤などが挙げられる。また、これらの添加量も当業者であれば適宜決定でき、これらの混合も従来公知の知見を参照し、あるいは組み合せることによって行うことができる。
溶媒としては、特に制限されないが、たとえば、水、有機溶媒、またはこれらの混合溶媒等が挙げられる。前記有機溶媒としては、特に制限されないが、たとえば、メタノール、エタノール、2−プロパノール、1−ブタノールなどのアルコール類;酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテートなどのエステル類;ジエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルなどのエーテル類;ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチルピロリドンなどのアミド類;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、アセチルアセトン、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン類などが挙げられる。これら有機溶媒は、単独でもまたは2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。環境面、操作の簡便性などの観点から、塗布液の溶媒としては、水、または水とメタノール、エタノール、もしくは酢酸エチルとの混合溶媒を用いることが好ましく、水を用いることがより好ましい。
本発明の一形態に係る光学フィルムの製造方法は、動的粘弾性測定によって各光学機能層を形成する塗布液の損失弾性率を確認する損失弾性率確認工程を有する。
(ここで、G”(60)は測定時間60分における損失弾性率の値を、G”(0)は測定時間0分における損失弾性率の値を表す。)
塗布液のなかにはその損失弾性率が経時で変化するものが存在し、かような塗布液においては、経時での損失弾性率の増加に伴い塗布故障の発生頻度が増加する。ここで、損失弾性率の時間変化を測定時間60分より短時間で確認した場合は、塗布故障が生じる場合とそうでない場合との比較において、両者の測定結果の差異が小さく、検出精度が低くなる可能性がある。これは、上記のような短い測定時間内においては、塗布時に塗布故障の原因となる凝集体の数が非常に少なく、またはサイズが非常に小さい場合がありうるからであると考えられる。そこで、十分な検出精度を得るため、塗布故障との相関が良い測定時間60分における測定値を評価指標として用いる。
センサーシステム: コーンプレート(コーン半径60mm、コーン角度=1°)
せん断応力: 0.5Pa
測定周波数: 1Hz
測定時間: 60分
測定温度: 35℃
サンプル量: 1mL
なお、損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)の判断には60分の時間が必要であることより、値が算出された時点では、測定に用いた塗布液の状態が測定開始時の状態とは変化していることが考えられる。たとえば、測定に用いた溶液は、測定開始時は損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)が3.0以下である状態を有しているが、測定終了後は損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)が3.0を超える状態へと変化してしまうこともありうると考えられる。
本発明の好ましい一形態は、損失弾性率確認工程および後述の塗布工程の間に、各光学機能層を形成する塗布液のうち、少なくとも損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)が3.0を超える塗布液について、塗布液を分散することにより、塗布液の損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)を3.0以下となるように調整する、損失弾性率調整工程をさらに有する、光学フィルムの製造方法である。
本明細書において、「せん断処理」とは、何らかのせん断力を付与する処理をいう。ただし、本発明によれば、所定の間隙を有する流路等において、所定の速度で、せん断対象液(光学機能層を形成する塗布液)を移動させて、かかるせん断対象液にせん断力を付与する方法を用いることができる。
ここで、「最小間隙」とは、せん断対象液が移動する流路のうち、せん断力が付与される最小の間隙をいう。また、「速度」とは、前記最小間隙をせん断対象液が通過する際のせん断対象液の移動速度をいう。この際、一定の速度でせん断対象液を移動させた場合には、最小間隙を通過するときに最も高いせん断力が付与される。
分散装置としては、特に制限されないが、たとえば、乳化分散機、圧力式ホモジナイザー、高速回転せん断型ホモジナイザー等が用いられうる。以下、乳化分散機および圧力式ホモジナイザーを用いた場合におけるせん断処理について詳細に説明する。
(塗布工程)
本発明の一形態に係る光学フィルムの製造方法は、塗布工程において、損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)が3.0以下である、少なくとも2以上の光学機能層を形成する塗布液を、基材上に同時重層塗布する。
光学フィルムに適用する基材としては、透明であれば特に制限されることはなく、公知の樹脂フィルムを用いることができる。基材の具体的としては、特に制限されないが、たとえば、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリスチレン(PS)、ポリアリレート、ポリメタクリル酸メチル、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリイミド、芳香族ポリアミド、ポリエーテルイミド等が挙げられる。これらのうち、コストや入手の容易性の観点から、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリカーボネート(PC)等を用いることが好ましい。
次いで、本発明の一実施態様である製造方法に用いられる好適な製造システムの例について説明する。ただし、本発明の製造方法は、かかる製造システムを用いた場合に限定されるものではない。
調製工程は、塗布液調製釜101、送液装置102および濾過装置103を含む。
光学フィルム製造システム117は、循環工程(塗布液循環システム)において、調製された塗布液を、適正な損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)の値に保ちつつ循環させる。循環工程は、塗布液貯蔵釜104、送液装置105、分散装置106、脱泡装置107、濾過装置108および循環経路R1を含む。
次いで、調製および循環された塗布液を、送液装置109により、供給経路L1を通じて、塗布装置へと供給する。
本発明の製造方法によって製造される光学フィルムの構造は、基材上に光学機能層が少なくとも2層以上形成された構造であれば、特に限定されない。
また、本発明の好ましい一形態は、光学フィルムが基体の少なくとも一方の面に設けられた、光学積層体である。特に、光学フィルムが光学反射フィルムである光学反射体、特に赤外遮蔽フィルムである赤外遮蔽体であることが好ましい。
コロイダルシリカ(スノーテックス(登録商標)OXS、日産化学工業株式会社製、固形分10質量%) 38質量部を45℃に加熱し、3質量%ホウ酸水溶液 3質量部を加えた攪拌した。さらに水溶性高分子であるポリビニルアルコール(JP−45、重合度4500、鹸化度87モル%、日本酢ビ・ポバール株式会社製)の6質量%水溶液 39質量部と、界面活性剤の5質量%水溶液(ソフタゾリンLSB−R、川研ファインケミカル株式会社製) 1質量部とを45℃の状態でこの順に添加・攪拌して低屈折率層用塗布液1を調製した。
上記で調製した低屈折率層用塗布液1の損失弾性率(G”)を、レオメーター(Rheo Stress 6000(Thermo SCIENTIFIC社製))を用いて、下記条件にて測定した。
センサーシステム: コーンプレート(コーン半径60mm、コーン角度=1°)
せん断応力: 0.5Pa
測定周波数: 1Hz
測定時間: 60分
測定温度: 35℃
サンプル量: 1mL
まず、測定開始時を測定時間0分における損失弾性率の値G”(0)を確認した。その後、測定を継続して行い、測定時間60分における損失弾性率の値であるG”(60)を確認した。得られたG”(0)およびG”(60)の値より、下記式1によって損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)を算出したところ、低屈折率層用塗布液1の損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)は3.8であった。
〔損失弾性率調整工程〕
上記の低屈折率層用塗布液1を、ロータリーポンプを用いて、1.0 (L/min)の流量で、分散装置であるマイルダーMDN303V(太平洋機工株式会社製)に送液して、温度45℃、せん断速度8.38×104 (1/sec)にてせん断処理を行うことで分散させ、低屈折率層用塗布液2を調製した。低屈折率層用塗布液1と同様にして損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)を算出したところ、低屈折率層用塗布液1の損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)は0.5であった。
(シリカ付着二酸化チタンゾルの調製)
15.0質量%酸化チタンゾル(SRD−W、平均粒径5nm、ルチル型二酸化チタン粒子、堺化学工業株式会社製)0.5質量部に純水2質量部を加えた後、90℃に加熱した。次いで、ケイ酸水溶液(ケイ酸ソーダ4号(日本化学工業株式会社製)をSiO2濃度が0.5質量%となるように純水で希釈したもの)0.5質量部を徐々に添加した。次いで、オートクレーブ中、175℃で18時間加熱処理を行い、冷却後、限外濾過膜にて濃縮することにより、固形分濃度が、6質量%のSiO2を表面に付着させた二酸化チタンゾル(以下、単に「シリカ付着二酸化チタンゾル」とも称する)を得た。
上記で得られたシリカ付着二酸化チタンゾル(固形分20.0質量%) 140質量部に対して、1.92質量%クエン酸水溶液 48質量部を加え、さらに8質量%のポリビニルアルコール水溶液(PVA−135、重合度3500、鹸化度98モル%、株式会社クラレ製) 113質量部を加えて攪拌した。その後、界面活性剤の5質量%水溶液(ソフタゾリンLSB−R、川研ファインケミカル株式会社製) 0.4質量部を加えて攪拌し、高屈折率層用塗布液1を調製した。
上記で調製した高屈折率層用塗布液1の損失弾性率(G”)を、上記の低屈折率層用塗布液1の調製における損失弾性率確認工程と同様の方法で測定したところ、高屈折率層用塗布液1の損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)は3.2であった。
上記の高屈折率層用塗布液1を、上記の低屈折率層用塗布液2の調製における損失弾性率調整工程と同様の方法および条件で分散させ、高屈折率層用塗布液2を調製した。その後、再度損失弾性率確認工程にて損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)を求めたところ、高屈折率層用塗布液2の損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)は0.4であった。
前記の弾性率確認工程と並行して、高屈折率用塗布液1および低屈折率用塗布液1を用いて塗布を行った。すなわち、前記の損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)の測定開始時と同じ状態の塗布液を使用して塗布を行った。より具体的には、損失弾性率確認工程で用いた塗布液そのものとは別に、損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)の測定を行った塗布液と同一の処方であり、かつ塗布液調液後、損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)の測定開始時までの時間と同一時間を経過させた、損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)の測定開始時(測定時間0分)と同じ状態である新たな塗布液を用意し、これを使用して塗布を行った。
(目視による塗布故障の確認)
上記で製造した各赤外遮蔽フィルムについて、長さ10m×幅0.25mの範囲を目視で確認して、尾引き、筋の個数を目視で確認し、その値を2.5で除することによって、1m×1mあたりの平均の塗布故障の数を算出した。ここで、評価が△以上(平均故障の数が1.0個/m2以下)であるときは実用的な特性であることを表す。
○ :0超〜0.1個/m2
△ :0.1超〜1.0個/m2
× :1.0超〜10個/m2
××:10個超/m2
上記作製した実施例1〜16の赤外遮蔽フィルムそれぞれを用いて、光学積層体である赤外遮蔽体を作製した。具体的に、厚さ5mm、20cm×20cmのサイズの透明アクリル樹脂盤上に、実施例1〜16の赤外遮蔽フィルムのそれぞれをアクリル接着剤で接着し、対応する光学積層体(赤外遮蔽体)1〜16を作製した。
上記作製した光学積層体(赤外遮蔽体)1〜16は、本発明の実施例1〜16の赤外遮蔽フィルムを利用することで、優れた赤外遮蔽性を確認することができた。
Claims (9)
- 基材上に、光学機能層が少なくとも2層以上形成されてなる光学フィルムの製造方法であって、
動的粘弾性測定によって前記各光学機能層を形成する塗布液の損失弾性率を確認する損失弾性率確認工程と、
基材上に、前記各光学機能層を形成する塗布液を同時重層塗布する塗布工程と、を有し、
前記塗布工程において前記各光学機能層を形成する塗布液の、下記式1で定義される損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)が3.0以下のときに塗布を行う、
光学フィルムの製造方法。
ΔG”=G”(60)−G”(0) (式1)
(ここで、G”(60)は測定時間60分における損失弾性率の値を表し、G”(0)は測定時間0分における損失弾性率の値を表す。) - 前記損失弾性率確認工程および前記塗布工程の間に、前記各光学機能層を形成する塗布液のうち、少なくとも前記損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)が3.0を超える塗布液について、前記塗布液を分散することにより、前記塗布液の前記損失弾性率の時間変化(ΔG”)を3.0以下となるように調整する、損失弾性率調整工程をさらに有する、請求項1に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記各光学機能層を形成する塗布液の少なくとも1つが、架橋成分を含有する、請求項1または2に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記各光学機能層を形成する塗布液の少なくとも1つが、高分子および無機酸化物粒子を含有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記光学機能層が、高屈折率層および低屈折率層を含み、前記高屈折率層および前記低屈折率層が交互に積層されてなる構造を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記光学フィルムが、光学反射フィルムである、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記光学反射フィルムが、赤外遮蔽フィルムである、請求項6に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により製造された、光学フィルム。
- 請求項8に記載の光学フィルムが基体の少なくとも一方の面に設けられた、光学積層体。
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PCT/JP2015/082607 WO2016084718A1 (ja) | 2014-11-26 | 2015-11-19 | 光学フィルムの製造方法 |
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- 2015-11-19 JP JP2016561543A patent/JP6673217B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-11-19 WO PCT/JP2015/082607 patent/WO2016084718A1/ja active Application Filing
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WO2014181620A1 (ja) * | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-13 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 光学フィルムの製造方法 |
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US20170266689A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
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CN107003457A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
WO2016084718A1 (ja) | 2016-06-02 |
JP6673217B2 (ja) | 2020-03-25 |
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