WO2013172415A1 - 多層積層膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
多層積層膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013172415A1 WO2013172415A1 PCT/JP2013/063670 JP2013063670W WO2013172415A1 WO 2013172415 A1 WO2013172415 A1 WO 2013172415A1 JP 2013063670 W JP2013063670 W JP 2013063670W WO 2013172415 A1 WO2013172415 A1 WO 2013172415A1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/34—Applying different liquids or other fluent materials simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/26—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/26—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
- B05D1/265—Extrusion coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/30—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by gravity only, i.e. flow coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/28—Interference filters
- G02B5/281—Interference filters designed for the infrared light
- G02B5/282—Interference filters designed for the infrared light reflecting for infrared and transparent for visible light, e.g. heat reflectors, laser protection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a multilayer laminated film.
- a multilayer laminated film produced by laminating a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer such as an antireflection film or an infrared reflective film is produced by dry film formation or wet film formation.
- wet film formation in which application liquid is applied and dried is superior to dry film formation such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD).
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- an optical interference layer having a high antireflection performance using a transparent high-refractive-index film composed of metal oxide fine particles and a thermosetting organic polymer has been proposed.
- the physical properties of the coating solution must be strictly controlled in order to make the film thickness uniform.
- an antireflection film is produced using a coating solution in which the viscosity at 25 ° C.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a multilayer laminated film in which the uniformity of film thickness is improved and interference unevenness is reduced at a high coating speed.
- the viscosity of the coating liquid at 45 ° C. and the shear rate of 10 sec ⁇ 1 is A [mPa ⁇ s]
- the coating liquid temperature is 45 ° C.
- the shear rate is A / B and B / C are specific numerical values when the viscosity at 1000 sec ⁇ 1 is B [mPa ⁇ s]
- the temperature of the coating liquid is 45 ° C.
- the viscosity at a shear rate of 10000 sec ⁇ 1 is C [mPa ⁇ s].
- the present invention is a method for producing a multilayer laminated film comprising a step of simultaneously applying a plurality of coating liquids on a substrate at a coating speed of 10 m / min or more, wherein the temperature of the coating liquid is 45 ° C., the viscosity at a shear rate of 10sec -1 a [mPa ⁇ s] , the temperature 45 ° C. of the coating liquid, the viscosity at a shear rate of 1000sec -1 B [mPa ⁇ s] , and the temperature 45 ° C.
- the shear rate 10000sec -1 is C [mPa ⁇ s]
- a / B of at least one of the plurality of coating liquids is in the range of 1.5 to 9
- B / C is 0.6.
- the present invention is a method for producing a multilayer laminated film comprising a step of simultaneously applying a plurality of coating liquids on a substrate at a coating speed of 10 m / min or more, wherein the coating liquid has a temperature of 45 ° C. and a shear rate.
- the viscosity at 10 sec ⁇ 1 is A [mPa ⁇ s]
- the temperature of the coating solution is 45 ° C.
- the viscosity at a shear rate of 1000 sec ⁇ 1 is B [mPa ⁇ s]
- the temperature of the coating solution is 45 ° C. and the shear rate is 10000 sec ⁇ 1.
- a / B of at least one of the plurality of coating liquids is in the range of 1.5 to 9
- the viscosity change of the coating solution in the low shear region must be large. is required.
- the stretching ratio differs between the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer, so the balance of the viscosity of each layer is lost, and each layer returns to the viscosity before stretching after coating. It is considered that the film thickness of the film becomes non-uniform. That is, in order to make the film thickness uniform, it is necessary that the change in the viscosity of the coating solution in the high shear region is small.
- the above A is the viscosity when the coating liquid is left standing
- the above B is the viscosity when the coating liquid is applied on the substrate
- the manufacturing method of the present invention including the step of performing simultaneous multilayer coating using the coating liquid having the above-described viscosity characteristics, the multilayer laminated film in which the uniformity of the film thickness is improved and the interference unevenness is reduced. Can be obtained.
- the viscosity of the coating solution used in the present invention can be measured with a precision rotary viscometer such as RS6000 or Rotovisco (manufactured by HAAKE).
- the viscosity can be measured by a method such as monitoring the viscosity while increasing the rotational speed from 10 sec ⁇ 1 to 10,000 sec ⁇ 1 .
- a / B and C / D the viscosity change between the respective 10 sec -1 to of 1,000 sec -1, and represents the change in viscosity until 10000 sec -1 from of 1,000 sec -1, close to 1 It means that the change in viscosity of the coating liquid in that region is small.
- a / B is less than 1.5, the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer are mixed in the simultaneous multilayer coating. On the other hand, if it exceeds 9, a streak-like failure may occur in the coating film.
- a / B is preferably from 1.6 to 6, and more preferably from 2 to 5.
- B / C is preferably 0.9 to 1.2, and more preferably 1 to 1.1.
- the numerical ranges of the above A / B and B / C it is only necessary that at least one coating liquid among a plurality of coating liquids used for simultaneous multilayer coating satisfies the above numerical range.
- all of the plurality of coating liquids used is a coating liquid that satisfies the above numerical range.
- the viscosity at a temperature of 45 ° C. and a shear rate of 100 sec ⁇ 1 of at least one of the plurality of coating liquids is preferably less than 20 mPa ⁇ s, and more preferably 15 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the viscosity at a shear rate of 100 sec ⁇ 1 assumes the viscosity when the coating solution returns to a stationary state after being applied on the substrate. If this viscosity is within the above range, the film thickness is more uniform. improves. More preferably, all of the plurality of coating liquids used are coating liquids that satisfy the above numerical range.
- the configuration of the multilayer laminated film according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferably includes a base material and at least one unit composed of a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer. It is more preferable to have a form of an alternating laminate in which low refractive index layers are alternately laminated.
- a refractive index layer having a higher refractive index than the other is referred to as a high refractive index layer
- a refractive index layer having a lower refractive index than the other is referred to as a low refractive index layer.
- the type of the multilayer laminated film to which the production method of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an antireflection film, an infrared shielding film, and an electromagnetic shielding film. Especially, an infrared shielding film with many layers to laminate
- the infrared shielding film as an example, the configuration of the multilayer laminated film according to the present invention will be described in more detail.
- the infrared shielding film preferably includes at least one unit composed of two layers having different refractive indexes, that is, a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer.
- a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer contains metal oxide particles
- the metal oxide particles contained in the low refractive index layer hereinafter referred to as “first metal oxide particles”
- Metal oxide particles (hereinafter referred to as “second metal oxide particles”) contained in the high refractive index layer are mixed at the interface between the two layers, and the first metal oxide particles and the second metal are mixed.
- a layer containing oxide particles may be formed.
- the low refractive index layer means that the first metal oxide particles are 50 to 100% by mass with respect to the total mass of the first metal oxide particles and the second metal oxide particles. Means the layers involved.
- the high refractive index layer means that the second metal oxide particles are more than 50% by mass and less than 100% by mass with respect to the total mass of the first metal oxide particles and the second metal oxide particles. Means the layers involved.
- the type and amount of metal oxide particles contained in the refractive index layer can be analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
- the refractive index difference between the adjacent low refractive index layer and the high refractive index layer is 0.1.
- it is 0.3 or more, more preferably 0.35 or more, and particularly preferably 0.4 or more.
- the refractive index difference between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer in all the units is within the preferred range. Is preferred. However, regarding the outermost layer and the lowermost layer, a configuration outside the above preferred range may be used.
- the preferred refractive index of the low refractive index layer is 1.10 to 1.60, more preferably 1.30 to 1.50.
- the preferable refractive index of the high refractive index layer is 1.80 to 2.50, more preferably 1.90 to 2.20.
- the refractive indexes of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer can be determined according to the following method.
- each refractive index layer for measuring the refractive index is coated as a single layer on a substrate is prepared, and the sample is cut into 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm, and then the refractive index is obtained according to the following method.
- a U-4000 model manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.
- the back side of the measurement side of each sample was roughened, and then light absorption treatment was performed with a black spray, so that the light on the back side The reflection is prevented, the reflectance in the visible light region (400 nm to 700 nm) is measured at 25 points under the condition of regular reflection at 5 degrees, an average value is obtained, and the average refractive index is obtained from the measurement result.
- the reflectance in a specific wavelength region is determined by the difference in refractive index between two adjacent layers and the number of layers, and the larger the difference in refractive index, the same reflectance can be obtained with a smaller number of layers.
- the refractive index difference and the required number of layers can be calculated using commercially available optical design software. For example, in order to obtain an infrared reflectance of 90% or more, if the difference in refractive index is less than 0.1, it is necessary to laminate 200 layers or more, which not only decreases productivity but also scattering at the interface of the layers. Becomes larger, the transparency is lowered, and it becomes very difficult to manufacture without failure. From the standpoint of improving reflectivity and reducing the number of layers, there is no upper limit to the difference in refractive index, but practically about 1.4 is the limit.
- the preferred number of layers of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer of the infrared shielding film according to the present invention is 100 layers or less, that is, 50 units or less. Preferably it is 40 layers (20 units) or less, more preferably 30 layers (15 units) or less.
- the infrared reflective film of the present invention may have a configuration in which at least one of the above units is laminated, for example, a laminated film in which both the outermost layer and the lowermost layer of the laminated film are high refractive index layers or low refractive index layers. It may be a membrane.
- the infrared reflective film according to the present invention preferably has a layer structure in which the lowermost layer adjacent to the substrate is a low refractive index layer and the outermost layer is also a low refractive index layer.
- the total thickness of the infrared shielding film according to the present invention is preferably 12 ⁇ m to 315 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the thickness per layer of the low refractive index layer is preferably 20 to 800 nm, and more preferably 50 to 350 nm.
- the thickness per layer of the high refractive index layer is preferably 20 to 800 nm, and more preferably 50 to 350 nm.
- the transmittance in the visible light region represented by JIS R3106: 1998 is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 75% or more, and further preferably 85% or more.
- the region having a wavelength of 900 nm to 1400 nm has a region with a reflectance exceeding 50%.
- the infrared shielding film according to the present invention is a conductive layer, an antistatic layer, a gas barrier layer, an easy adhesion layer for the purpose of adding further functions under the base material or on the outermost surface layer opposite to the base material.
- Adhesive layer antifouling layer, deodorant layer, droplet layer, slippery layer, hard coat layer, wear-resistant layer, antireflection layer, electromagnetic wave shielding layer, ultraviolet absorption layer, infrared absorption layer, printing layer, Fluorescent light emitting layer, hologram layer, release layer, adhesive layer, adhesive layer, infrared cut layer (metal layer, liquid crystal layer) other than the high refractive index layer and low refractive index layer of the present invention, colored layer (visible light absorbing layer), You may have 1 or more of functional layers, such as an intermediate film layer utilized for a laminated glass.
- the coating solution used in the present invention is applied by simultaneous multilayer coating, and a high refractive index layer is formed by laminating a coating solution for high refractive index and a coating solution for low refractive index on a slide and coating the substrate. And a low refractive index layer.
- the method for producing an infrared shielding film according to the present invention is a low-pressure process comprising first metal oxide particles contained in a low refractive index layer, a first water-soluble resin, and an aqueous solvent.
- a coating liquid for a high refractive index layer containing a coating liquid for a refractive index layer, second metal oxide particles contained in the high refractive index layer, a second water-soluble resin, and an aqueous solvent is placed on the slide. It is preferable to include a step of laminating and applying to the substrate, and a step of drying the substrate on which the coating liquid has been applied.
- Method for preparing coating solution a method for preparing a coating solution for a high refractive index layer and a coating solution for a low refractive index layer will be described.
- the method for preparing the coating solution for the high refractive index layer and the coating solution for the low refractive index layer is not particularly limited.
- metal oxide particles, a water-soluble resin, and other additives added as necessary are added.
- a method of stirring and mixing is not particularly limited, and the respective components may be sequentially added and mixed while stirring, or may be added and mixed at one time while stirring. If necessary, it is further adjusted to an appropriate viscosity using a solvent.
- the solvent for preparing the coating solution for the high refractive index layer and the coating solution for the low refractive index layer is not particularly limited, but water, an organic solvent, or a mixed solvent thereof is preferable.
- organic solvent examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol and 1-butanol, esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethyl ether, Examples thereof include ethers such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, amides such as dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone, and ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetylacetone and cyclohexanone. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solvent for the coating solution is particularly preferably water or a mixed solvent of water and methanol, ethanol, or ethyl acetate.
- the second metal oxide particles used in the coating solution for the high refractive index layer are preferably prepared separately in a dispersion state before preparing the coating solution. That is, it is preferable to form the high refractive index layer using an aqueous high refractive index layer coating solution prepared by adding and dispersing rutile type titanium dioxide having a volume average particle size of 100 nm or less. Furthermore, it is more preferable to form a high refractive index layer using an aqueous high refractive index coating solution prepared by adding and dispersing titanium dioxide particles coated with a silicon-containing hydrated oxide. In the case of using a dispersion liquid, the dispersion liquid may be appropriately added so as to have an arbitrary concentration in each layer.
- silicon dioxide particles are preferably used, and acidic colloidal silica sol is more preferably used.
- a coating film can be set after coating, and mixing between layers can be suppressed. It is preferable to use an aqueous coating solution containing water or an aqueous solvent containing water and a water-soluble organic solvent.
- the concentration of the solid content of the coating solution is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass. This is because in this range, the solid content is low and the uniformity of the coating solution is high, so that the film thickness uniformity is considered to be further improved.
- the concentration of the water-soluble resin in the coating solution for the high refractive index layer is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass.
- the concentration of the second metal oxide particles in the coating solution for the high refractive index layer is preferably 1 to 50% by mass.
- the concentration of the water-soluble resin in the coating solution for the low refractive index layer is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass.
- the concentration of the first metal oxide particles in the coating solution for the low refractive index layer is preferably 1 to 50% by mass.
- the coating solution used in the present invention needs to adjust the viscosity behavior with respect to the shear rate as described above.
- a conventionally used viscosity modifier or thixotropic agent is used. Can do.
- the viscosity modifier and the thixotropic agent include, for example, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), carrageenan, xanthan gum, guar gum, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid, and crosslinking. Synthetic polymers such as sodium polyacrylate and cross-linked acrylic acid can be appropriately selected and used.
- the coating solution may contain a water-soluble resin and metal oxide particles. In this case, thixotropic properties are imparted by the metal oxide particles.
- the thixotropy viscosity ratio
- the thixotropy can be adjusted within a desired range.
- the viscosity modifier and the thixotropic agent include, for example, polycarboxylic acid-based dispersants, alkylsulfonic acid-based dispersants, polyphosphate-based dispersants, anionic dispersants such as carboxyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol, and polyalkylenes.
- Cationic dispersants such as polyamine dispersants, quaternary ammonium dispersants, alkyl polyamine dispersants, polyethylene glycol dispersants, higher alcohol alkylene oxide dispersants, short chain polyvinyl alcohol, silane-modified polyvinyl alcohol, amide-modified Nonionic dispersants such as modified polyvinyl alcohol such as polyvinyl alcohol can be used.
- the amount of the viscosity modifier and the thixotropic agent added is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass with respect to the metal oxide particles.
- the viscosity modifier and the thixotropic agent can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the said viscosity modifier and the said thixotropic property imparting agent may use a commercial item, and may use a synthetic product.
- commercially available products include, for example, SN Dispersant 5020, Nopco 38-C (above, manufactured by San Nopco Co., Ltd.), AT-17, AP-17, AF-17 (carboxyl-modified PVA, above, Japan Vinegar Bipovar Co., Ltd.) Company-made), R1130, R2105, R2130 (silane-modified PVA, above, made by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- a water-soluble resin having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 to 600,000 is preferably used, and a water-soluble resin having a weight average molecular weight of 150,000 to 450,000 is more preferably used.
- the content of the water-soluble resin having a weight average molecular weight in such a range is preferably 1 to 5% by mass, more preferably 1 to 3% by mass with respect to the total mass of the coating solution.
- the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble resin can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the coating method of the coating solution is not particularly limited as long as it is a simultaneous multilayer coating method.
- the hopper described in US Pat. Nos. 2,761,419 and 2,761,791 is used.
- a slide bead coating method, an extrusion coating method, or the like is preferably used.
- the coating and drying method for simultaneous multi-layer coating is as follows.
- the coating solution for the high refractive index layer and the coating solution for the low refractive index layer are heated to 30 to 60 ° C., and the coating solution for the high refractive index layer is formed on the substrate.
- the temperature of the formed coating film is preferably cooled (set) preferably to 1 to 15 ° C. and then dried at 10 ° C. or higher. preferable.
- More preferable drying conditions are a wet bulb temperature of 5 to 50 ° C. and a film surface temperature of 10 to 50 ° C. For example, it is dried by blowing warm air at 80 ° C. for 1 to 5 seconds.
- coating it is preferable to carry out by a horizontal set system from a viewpoint of the uniformity improvement of the formed coating film.
- the coating speed is 10 m / min or more, preferably 30 m / min or more. According to the manufacturing method of the present invention, even at such a high speed, it is possible to obtain a multilayer laminated film with improved uniformity of film thickness and reduced interference unevenness.
- drying method warm air drying, infrared drying, and microwave drying are used.
- drying in a multi-stage process is preferable to drying in a single process, and it is more preferable to set the temperature of the constant rate drying section ⁇ the temperature of the rate-decreasing drying section.
- the temperature range of the constant rate drying section is preferably 30 to 60 ° C.
- the temperature range of the decreasing rate drying section is preferably 50 to 100 ° C.
- the set means that the viscosity of the coating composition is increased by means such as lowering the temperature by applying cold air or the like to the coating film, the fluidity of the substances in each layer and in each layer is reduced, or the gel It means the process of making it.
- a state in which the cold air is applied to the coating film from the surface and the finger is pressed against the surface of the coating film is defined as a set completion state.
- the time (setting time) from the time of application until the setting is completed by applying cold air is preferably within 5 minutes, and more preferably within 2 minutes. Further, the lower limit time is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to take 45 seconds or more. If the set time is too short, mixing of the components in the layer may be insufficient. On the other hand, if the set time is too long, the interlayer diffusion of the metal oxide particles proceeds, and the refractive index difference between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer may be insufficient.
- water-soluble resin used in the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyvinyl alcohols.
- Polyvinyl alcohols include, in addition to ordinary polyvinyl alcohol obtained by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate, cation-modified polyvinyl alcohol, anion-modified polyvinyl alcohol having an anionic group such as a carboxyl group, nonionic group Also included are modified polyvinyl alcohols such as nonionic modified polyvinyl alcohol having a silyl group and silyl modified polyvinyl alcohol having a silyl group.
- Polyvinyl alcohol obtained by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate preferably has an average degree of polymerization of 1,000 or more, particularly preferably an average degree of polymerization of 1,500 to 5,000, 2,000 to 5,000 is more preferably used. This is because when the polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is 1,000 or more, there is no cracking of the coating film, and when it is 5,000 or less, the coating solution is stable. In addition, that the coating solution is stable means that the coating solution is stabilized over time. The same applies hereinafter.
- the saponification degree is preferably 70 to 100%, more preferably 80 to 99.5% in view of solubility in water.
- a low polymerization degree highly saponified polyvinyl alcohol having a polymerization degree of 100 to 500 and a saponification degree of 95 mol% or more is used. And at least one of the low refractive index layers preferably.
- At least one of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer is modified in part other than normal polyvinyl alcohol obtained by hydrolyzing polyvinyl acetate.
- Polyvinyl alcohol may be included. Examples of such modified polyvinyl alcohol include cation-modified polyvinyl alcohol, anion-modified polyvinyl alcohol, nonion-modified polyvinyl alcohol, and vinyl alcohol polymers.
- Examples of the cation-modified polyvinyl alcohol include primary to tertiary amino groups and quaternary ammonium groups in the main chain or side chain of the polyvinyl alcohol as described in, for example, JP-A-61-110483. It is obtained by saponifying a copolymer of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a cationic group and vinyl acetate.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a cationic group include trimethyl- (2-acrylamido-2,2-dimethylethyl) ammonium chloride and trimethyl- (3-acrylamido-3,3-dimethylpropyl) ammonium chloride.
- the ratio of the cation-modified group-containing monomer in the cation-modified polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 0.1 to 10 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 5 mol%, relative to vinyl acetate.
- Anion-modified polyvinyl alcohol is described in, for example, polyvinyl alcohol having an anionic group as described in JP-A-1-206088, JP-A-61-237681 and JP-A-63-307979.
- examples thereof include a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and a vinyl compound having a water-soluble group, and a modified polyvinyl alcohol having a water-soluble group as described in JP-A-7-285265.
- Nonionic modified polyvinyl alcohol includes, for example, a polyvinyl alcohol derivative in which a polyalkylene oxide group is added to a part of vinyl alcohol as described in JP-A-7-9758, and JP-A-8-25795.
- Block copolymer of vinyl compound having a hydrophobic group and vinyl alcohol, silanol-modified polyvinyl alcohol having silanol group, reactive group modification having reactive group such as acetoacetyl group, carbonyl group, carboxyl group Polyvinyl alcohol etc. are mentioned.
- polyvinyl alcohols may be used alone or in combination of two or more such as the degree of polymerization and the type of modification.
- commercially available products or synthetic products may be used. Examples of commercially available products include, for example, PVA-102, PVA-103, PVA-105, PVA-110, PVA-117, PVA-120, PVA-124, PVA-135, PVA-203, PVA-205, PVA -210, PVA-217, PVA-220, PVA-224, PVA-235, etc.
- Poval manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.
- EXEVAL registered trademark, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.
- Nichigo G polymer registered trademark, Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry
- additives can be added to the coating solution for a low refractive index layer and the coating solution for a high refractive index layer according to the present invention as necessary. Hereinafter, the additive will be described.
- a curing agent In the low refractive index layer and the high refractive index layer according to the present invention, it is preferable to add a curing agent.
- the curing agent include a curing agent that causes a curing reaction with polyvinyl alcohol suitable as the water-soluble polymer.
- boric acid and its salt are preferable.
- boric acid and its salts known ones can be used, generally a compound having a group capable of reacting with polyvinyl alcohol or a compound that promotes the reaction between different groups possessed by polyvinyl alcohol, It is appropriately selected and used.
- curing agents include, for example, epoxy curing agents (diglycidyl ethyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-diglycidyl cyclohexane, N, N -Diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline, sorbitol polyglycidyl ether, glycerol polyglycidyl ether, etc.), aldehyde curing agents (formaldehyde, glycoxal, etc.), active halogen curing agents (2,4-dichloro-4-hydroxy-1, 3,5-s-triazine, etc.), active vinyl compounds (1,3,5-trisacryloyl-hexahydro-s-triazine, bisvinylsulfonylmethyl ether, etc.), aluminum alum and the like.
- epoxy curing agents diglycidyl ethyl ether,
- Boric acid or a salt thereof refers to an oxygen acid having a boron atom as a central atom and a salt thereof, specifically, orthoboric acid, diboric acid, metaboric acid, tetraboric acid, pentaboric acid, and octaboron. Examples include acids and their salts.
- Boric acid having a boron atom and a salt thereof as a curing agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Particularly preferred is a mixed aqueous solution of boric acid and borax.
- An aqueous solution of boric acid and borax can be added only in a relatively dilute aqueous solution, but a thick aqueous solution can be obtained by mixing both, and the coating solution can be concentrated. Further, there is an advantage that the pH of the aqueous solution to be added can be controlled relatively freely.
- boric acid and a salt thereof and / or borax from the viewpoint of further suppressing interlayer mixing.
- boric acid and its salt and / or borax are used, the metal oxide particles and the OH group of polyvinyl alcohol which is a water-soluble binder resin form a hydrogen bond network, resulting in a high refractive index layer. It is considered that the interlayer mixing between the low refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer is suppressed, and preferable near-infrared shielding characteristics are achieved.
- the total amount of the curing agent used is preferably 1 to 600 mg per 1 g of polyvinyl alcohol, more preferably 100 to 600 mg per 1 g of polyvinyl alcohol.
- JP-A-60-72785 JP-A-61-146591, JP-A-1-95091, JP-A-3-13376, etc.
- nonionic surfactants JP-A-59-42993, JP-A-59-52689, JP-A-62-280069, JP-A-61-228771, and JP-A-4-219266 Whitening agent, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium acetate, etc.
- pH adjusters antifoaming agents
- lubricants such as diethylene glycol, preservatives, antifungal agents, antistatic agents, matting agents, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, flame retardants, crystal nucleating agents, inorganic particles, organic particles, reduction
- Various known additives such as a sticky agent, a lubricant, an infrared absorber, a dye, and a pigment can be used.
- Base material As the base material of the infrared shielding film, various resin films can be used. For example, polyolefin film (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), polyester film (polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, etc.), polyvinyl chloride, cellulose acetate Etc. A polyester film is preferred. Although it does not specifically limit as a polyester film, It is preferable that it is a polyester film which has the film formation property which has a dicarboxylic acid component and a diol component as main structural components.
- the main component dicarboxylic acid component includes terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, diphenylsulfone dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl ether dicarboxylic acid, diphenylethanedicarboxylic acid, Examples thereof include cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl thioether dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl ketone dicarboxylic acid, and phenylindane dicarboxylic acid.
- diol component examples include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyethoxyphenyl). Mention may be made of propane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, bisphenol full orange hydroxyethyl ether, diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, hydroquinone, cyclohexanediol and the like.
- polyesters having these as main components from the viewpoints of transparency, mechanical strength, dimensional stability, etc., dicarboxylic acid components such as terephthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, diol components such as ethylene glycol and 1 Polyester having 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as the main constituent is preferred.
- polyesters mainly composed of polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, copolymerized polyesters composed of terephthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol, and mixtures of two or more of these polyesters are mainly used. Polyester as a constituent component is preferable.
- the thickness of the film substrate used in the present invention is preferably 10 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 150 ⁇ m.
- two substrates may be stacked, and in this case, the type may be the same or different.
- the base material according to the present invention preferably has a visible light region transmittance of 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, as shown in JIS R3106: 1998. If it is the range of such a transmittance
- the base material according to the present invention can be produced by a conventionally known general method.
- an unstretched substrate that is substantially amorphous and not oriented can be produced by melting a resin as a material with an extruder, extruding it with an annular die or a T-die, and quenching.
- the unstretched base material is subjected to a known method such as uniaxial stretching, tenter-type sequential biaxial stretching, tenter-type simultaneous biaxial stretching, tubular-type simultaneous biaxial stretching, or the flow direction of the base material (vertical axis), or A stretched support can be produced by stretching in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the substrate (horizontal axis).
- the draw ratio in this case can be appropriately selected according to the resin as the raw material of the base material, but is preferably 2 to 10 times in each of the vertical axis direction and the horizontal axis direction.
- the substrate may be an unstretched film or a stretched film, but a stretched film is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the strength and suppressing thermal expansion.
- the base material according to the present invention may be subjected to relaxation treatment or offline heat treatment in terms of dimensional stability.
- the relaxation treatment is performed in a process from the heat setting in the stretching process of the polyester film to the winding in the transversely stretched tenter or after exiting the tenter.
- the relaxation treatment is preferably carried out at a treatment temperature of 80 to 200 ° C., more preferably 100 to 180 ° C.
- the relaxation rate is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10% in both the longitudinal direction and the width direction, and more preferably, the relaxation rate is 2 to 6%.
- the relaxed support is subjected to the above-described off-line heat treatment to improve heat resistance and to improve dimensional stability.
- the undercoat layer coating solution inline on one side or both sides in the film forming process.
- undercoating during the film forming process is referred to as in-line undercoating.
- resins used in the undercoat layer coating solution useful in the present invention include polyester resins, acrylic-modified polyester resins, polyurethane resins, acrylic resins, vinyl resins, vinylidene chloride resins, polyethyleneimine vinylidene resins, polyethyleneimine resins, and polyvinyl alcohol resins.
- Modified polyvinyl alcohol resin, gelatin and the like can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a conventionally well-known additive can also be added to these undercoat layers.
- the undercoat layer can be coated by a known method such as roll coating, gravure coating, knife coating, dip coating or spray coating.
- the coating amount of the undercoat layer is preferably about 0.01 to 2 g / m 2 (dry state).
- the infrared shielding film according to the present invention can be applied to a wide range of fields.
- a film for window pasting such as heat ray reflective film that gives heat ray reflection effect, film for agricultural greenhouses, etc. It is mainly used for the purpose of improving weather resistance.
- it is used suitably also as an infrared shielding film for motor vehicles pinched
- the infrared shielding film can be sealed from outside air gas, it is preferable from the viewpoint of durability.
- the infrared shielding film according to the present invention is suitably used for a member to be bonded to a substrate such as glass or a glass substitute resin directly or via an adhesive.
- a laminate of the infrared shielding film and the substrate is also called an infrared shielding body.
- the substrate include, for example, glass, polycarbonate resin, polysulfone resin, acrylic resin, polyolefin resin, polyether resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, polysulfide resin, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, Examples thereof include phenol resin, diallyl phthalate resin, polyimide resin, urethane resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, styrene resin, vinyl chloride resin, metal plate, ceramic and the like.
- the type of the resin may be any of a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, and an ionizing radiation curable resin, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the substrate that can be used in the present invention can be produced by a known method such as extrusion molding, calendar molding, injection molding, hollow molding, compression molding and the like.
- the thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 mm to 5 cm.
- the adhesive layer for bonding the infrared shielding film and the substrate according to the present invention is preferably installed so that the infrared shielding film is on the sunlight (heat ray) incident surface side.
- an adhesive may be used.
- an adhesive mainly composed of a photocurable or thermosetting resin can be used.
- the adhesive preferably has durability against ultraviolet rays, and is preferably an acrylic adhesive or a silicone adhesive. Furthermore, an acrylic adhesive is preferable from the viewpoint of adhesive properties and cost. In particular, a solvent system is preferable in the acrylic adhesive because the peel strength can be easily controlled. When a solution polymerization polymer is used as the acrylic solvent adhesive, a known monomer can be used as the monomer.
- a polyvinyl butyral resin or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin used as an intermediate layer of laminated glass may be used as the adhesive layer or the adhesive layer.
- Specific examples thereof include, for example, plastic polyvinyl butyral (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Monsanto Co., Ltd.), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (manufactured by DuPont Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., duramin), modified ethylene-acetic acid Vinyl copolymer (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, Mersen G).
- an ultraviolet absorber In the adhesive layer or the adhesive layer, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, an antistatic agent, a heat stabilizer, a lubricant, a filler, a colorant, an adhesion (adhesion) adjusting agent, and the like may be appropriately added and blended.
- Preferable substrates include plastic substrates, metal substrates, ceramic substrates, cloth substrates, etc., and the infrared shielding film of the present invention is applied to substrates of various forms such as film, plate, sphere, cube, and cuboid. Can be provided.
- a plate-shaped ceramic substrate is preferable, and an infrared shielding body in which the infrared shielding film of the present invention is provided on a glass plate is more preferable.
- the glass plate include float plate glass and polished plate glass described in JIS R3202: 1996, and the glass thickness is preferably 0.01 mm to 20 mm.
- a method for providing the infrared shielding film of the present invention on the substrate a method in which an adhesive layer is coated on the infrared shielding film as described above, and is attached to the substrate via the adhesive layer or the adhesive layer is suitably used.
- a bonding method dry bonding in which a film is directly bonded to a substrate, water bonding as described above, and the like can be applied, but in order to prevent air from entering between the substrate and the infrared shielding film.
- the infrared shielding body according to the present invention may be, for example, a form in which infrared shielding films are provided on both surfaces of glass, or an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer is coated on both surfaces of the infrared shielding film, thereby infrared shielding.
- a laminated glass-like form in which glass is bonded to both sides of the film may be used.
- the heat insulation performance and solar heat shielding performance of the infrared shielding film or infrared shield are generally JIS R3209: 1998 (multi-layer glass), JIS R3106: 1998 (transmittance, reflectance, emissivity, solar radiation of plate glass). Heat acquisition rate test method), JIS R3107: 1998 (heat resistance of plate glass and calculation method of heat transmissivity in architecture).
- Measurements of solar transmittance, solar reflectance, emissivity, and visible light transmittance are as follows: (1) Using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength (300-2500 nm), measure the spectral transmittance and spectral reflectance of various single glass plates. . The emissivity is measured using a spectrophotometer having a wavelength of 5.5 to 50 ⁇ m. In addition, a predetermined value is used for the emissivity of float plate glass, polished plate glass, mold plate glass, and heat ray absorbing plate glass.
- the solar transmittance, solar reflectance, solar absorption rate, and corrected emissivity are calculated according to JIS R3106: 1998 by calculating the solar transmittance, solar reflectance, solar absorption rate, and vertical emissivity.
- the corrected emissivity is obtained by multiplying the coefficient shown in JIS R3107: 1998 by the vertical emissivity.
- the heat insulation and solar heat shielding properties are calculated by (1) calculating the thermal resistance of the multilayer glass according to JIS R3209: 1998 using the measured thickness value and the corrected emissivity. However, when the hollow layer exceeds 2 mm, the gas thermal conductance of the hollow layer is determined according to JIS R3107: 1998.
- the heat insulation is obtained by adding a heat transfer resistance to the heat resistance of the double-glazed glass and calculating the heat flow resistance.
- the solar heat shielding property is calculated by calculating the solar heat acquisition rate according to JIS R3106: 1998 and subtracting it from 1.
- [Preparation of coating solution] (Preparation of silica-attached titanium dioxide sol) After adding 2 parts by mass of pure water to 0.5 parts by mass of 15.0% by mass titanium oxide sol (SRD-W, volume average particle size 5 nm, rutile titanium dioxide particles, manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Heated. Next, 1.3 parts by mass of an aqueous silicic acid solution (sodium silicate 4 (manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) diluted with pure water so that the SiO 2 concentration becomes 2.0 mass%) was gradually added. .
- SRD-W volume average particle size 5 nm, rutile titanium dioxide particles, manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- TiO 2 a titanium dioxide sol having a solid content of 20% by mass attached to the surface by heat treatment at 175 ° C. for 18 hours in an autoclave, cooling, and concentrating with an ultrafiltration membrane.
- siO 2 a titanium dioxide sol having a solid content of 20% by mass attached to the surface by heat treatment at 175 ° C. for 18 hours in an autoclave, cooling, and concentrating with an ultrafiltration membrane.
- sica-attached titanium dioxide sol simply referred to as “silica-attached titanium dioxide sol”.
- coating liquid A for high refractive index layer 30 mass parts of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-135, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) 30 mass parts, 3 mass% boric acid aqueous solution of 30 mass parts of silica-attached titanium dioxide sol (solid content 20.0 mass%) obtained above. After adding 8.8 parts by mass, 82 parts by mass of pure water, and 10 parts by mass of 2% by mass citric acid aqueous solution, the mixture was heated to 45 ° C. and stirred, and SN Dispersant 5020 (manufactured by San Nopco Co., Ltd., 40%) 0.75 mass part was added and the coating liquid A for high refractive index layers was prepared.
- PVA-135, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd. 3 mass% boric acid aqueous solution of 30 mass parts of silica-attached titanium dioxide sol (solid content 20.0 mass%) obtained above. After adding 8.8 parts by mass, 82 parts by mass of pure water, and 10 parts by mass of 2% by mass citric
- coating liquid B for high refractive index layer 30 mass parts of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-124, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) 30 mass parts, 3 mass% boric acid aqueous solution of 30 mass parts of silica-attached titanium dioxide sol (solid content 20.0 mass%) obtained above. After adding 8.8 parts by mass, 82 parts by mass of pure water, and 10 parts by mass of 2% by mass citric acid aqueous solution, the mixture was heated to 45 ° C. and stirred, and SN Dispersant 5020 (manufactured by San Nopco, 70%) 0.43 parts by mass was added to prepare a coating solution B for a high refractive index layer.
- PVA-124 polyvinyl alcohol
- boric acid aqueous solution 3 mass% boric acid aqueous solution of 30 mass parts of silica-attached titanium dioxide sol (solid content 20.0 mass%) obtained above.
- SN Dispersant 5020 manufactured by San Nopco, 70% 0.43 parts by mass was added to
- coating liquid D for high refractive index layer 30 mass parts of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-124, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) 30 mass parts, 3 mass% boric acid aqueous solution of 30 mass parts of silica-attached titanium dioxide sol (solid content 20.0 mass%) obtained above. After adding 8.8 parts by mass, 82 parts by mass of pure water, and 10 parts by mass of 2% by mass citric acid aqueous solution, the mixture was heated to 45 ° C. and stirred, and SN Dispersant 5020 (manufactured by San Nopco, 70%) The coating liquid D for high refractive index layers was prepared by adding 0.75 part by mass.
- PVA-124 polyvinyl alcohol
- boric acid aqueous solution 3 mass% boric acid aqueous solution of 30 mass parts of silica-attached titanium dioxide sol (solid content 20.0 mass%) obtained above. After adding 8.8 parts by mass, 82 parts by mass of pure water, and 10 parts by mass of 2% by mass cit
- coating liquid E for high refractive index layer 40 parts by mass of the silica-attached titanium dioxide sol (solid content 20.0% by mass) obtained above, 4 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-135, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) 30 parts by mass, 3% by mass boric acid aqueous solution After adding 8.8 parts by mass, 82 parts by mass of pure water, and 10 parts by mass of 2% by mass citric acid aqueous solution, the mixture was heated to 45 ° C. and stirred, and SN Dispersant 5020 (manufactured by San Nopco Co., Ltd., 40%) 0.43 parts by mass was added to prepare a coating solution E for a high refractive index layer.
- PVA-135 polyvinyl alcohol
- coating liquid I for low refractive index layer 60 parts by mass of colloidal silica (Snowtex (registered trademark) OXS, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., solid content 10% by mass), 30 parts by mass of a 4% by mass aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-245, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), After adding 8.8 parts by mass of a 3% by mass boric acid aqueous solution, 32 parts by mass of pure water, and 2 parts by mass of an AF-17 (Nippon Acetate / Poval Co., Ltd., carboxyl group-modified) 10% by mass solution, The coating solution I for low refractive index layer was prepared by heating to ° C and stirring.
- colloidal silica Snowtex (registered trademark) OXS, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., solid content 10% by mass
- PVA-245 polyvinyl alcohol
- coating liquid J for low refractive index layer 60 parts by mass of colloidal silica (Snowtex (registered trademark) OXS, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., solid content 10% by mass), 30 parts by mass of a 4% by mass aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-235, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), After adding 3 parts by weight of 3% by weight aqueous solution of 3% by weight boric acid, 8.8 parts by weight, 32 parts by weight of pure water, and 10% by weight of AF-17 (Nippon Acetate / Poval Co., Ltd., carboxyl group-modified), 45 The coating solution J for low refractive index layer was prepared by heating to ° C. and stirring.
- colloidal silica Snowtex (registered trademark) OXS, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., solid content 10% by mass
- PVA-235 polyvinyl alcohol
- boric acid 8.8 parts by weight
- AF-17 Nippon Acetate / Poval Co.,
- coating solution K for low refractive index layer 60 parts by mass of colloidal silica (Snowtex (registered trademark) OXS, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., solid content 10% by mass), 30 parts by mass of a 4% by mass aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-217, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), After adding 3 parts by weight of a 3% by weight aqueous solution of boric acid (8.8 parts by weight), 32 parts by weight of pure water, and 10% by weight of AF-17 (carboxyl modified by Nippon Acetate-Poval Co., Ltd.), 0. 0.1 mass part of 74 mass% sodium acetate aqueous solution was added, and it heated and stirred at 45 degreeC, and prepared the coating liquid J for low refractive index layers.
- colloidal silica Snowtex (registered trademark) OXS, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., solid content 10% by mass
- PVA-217 polyvinyl alcohol
- boric acid 8.8
- Viscosity measurement The viscosity at 45 ° C. of each coating solution was measured using a rotary viscometer REOSTRESS6000 (manufactured by HAAKE). The viscosity at the time of specifically, while the shear rate is increased from 0 sec -1 to 10000 sec -1, the viscosity was measured flow curve of the coating liquid, the viscosity A of at a shear rate of 10 sec -1, shear rate of 1,000 sec -1 B, the viscosity C at a shear rate of 10000 sec -1, and a viscosity at a shear rate of 100 sec -1 was measured, and further obtains the a / B and B / C.
- the refractive index of each layer depends on the material even if it is a laminated structure in which a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer are laminated. Therefore, it was confirmed that the refractive index difference between the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer was 0.1 or more.
- Example 1 [Production of infrared shielding film] Polyethylene terephthalate with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m heated to 45 ° C. while keeping the coating liquid A for high refractive index layer and the coating solution F for low refractive index layer at 45 ° C. using a slide hopper coating apparatus capable of coating 9 layers.
- PET PET
- Toyobo Co., Ltd., Cosmo Shine (registered trademark) A4300, double-sided easy-adhesion layer the average film thickness when dried is 150 nm for each low refractive index layer and 150 nm for each high refractive index layer.
- a total of nine simultaneous multilayer coatings were performed at a coating speed of 10 m / min so that each layer had a thickness of 150 nm.
- the first layer (lowermost layer), the second layer, the third layer, the fourth layer, the fifth layer, the sixth layer, the seventh layer, the eighth layer, and the ninth layer are formed from the base material side.
- the liquid feeding tank was pressurized and the coating liquid was fed to the slide hopper coating apparatus.
- the flow rate was confirmed with a flow meter (manufactured by KEYENCE Corporation, FD-SS2A) provided between the liquid feed tank and the slide hopper coating device, the flow rate fluctuation was observed in the liquid feed flow path from the first layer to the ninth layer.
- the slide hopper coating device forms a groove with a 0.1 mm width and a 0.1 mm depth at a pitch of 0.3 mm in the width direction in the coater slit of the ninth layer in order to form a non-uniform film thickness in the ninth layer. What was done was used. Similarly, nine layers of simultaneous multilayer coating were performed twice on the film on which the above nine layers were coated simultaneously. At this time, a layer having no groove of the coater slit was used, and all layers were fed by pressurization of a feeding tank. In this manner, an infrared shielding film (sample No .: sample 1) consisting of a total of 27 layers was produced.
- Example 2 to 4 Comparative Examples 1 to 5
- An infrared shielding film (Sample No .: Samples 2 to 9) was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating solution for high refractive index layer and the coating solution for low refractive index layer shown in Table 2 below were used. Was made.
- the film thickness was measured for each of cross sections along a plurality of directions (at least two directions orthogonal to each other), and the measured value in the direction with the largest standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the film thickness was adopted.
- the film thickness fluctuation rate (V) with respect to the average value of the film thickness was obtained by the following formula 1.
- Table 2 shows the evaluation results of film thickness fluctuation rate, near infrared light transmittance, and color difference.
- the infrared shielding films of Examples 1 to 4 manufactured using coating solutions having A / B and B / C within the scope of the present invention have a film thickness variation rate. It became low, and it turned out that it becomes favorable in a near-infrared light transmittance and a color difference.
- the infrared shielding film of Example 4 in which the coating liquid for the high refractive index layer and the coating liquid for the low refractive index layer both have a viscosity of less than 20 mPa ⁇ s at a shear rate of 100 sec ⁇ 1 has a higher film thickness variation rate. It was found that the near-infrared light transmittance and color difference were further improved.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係る多層積層膜の構成は、特に制限されないが、基材と、高屈折率層および低屈折率層から構成されるユニットの少なくとも1つと、を含むことが好ましく、高屈折率層と低屈折率層とが交互に積層された交互積層体の形態を有することがより好ましい。なお、本明細書中、他方に対して屈折率の高い屈折率層を高屈折率層と、他方に対して屈折率の低い屈折率層を低屈折率層と称する。
本発明で用いられる塗布液は同時多層塗布によって塗布されるが、スライド上において高屈折率用塗布液と低屈折率用塗布液とを積層し、基材へ塗布することにより高屈折率層と低屈折率層とが形成される。
ここでは、高屈折率層用塗布液および低屈折率層用塗布液の調製方法について述べる。
本発明において、高屈折率層および低屈折率層で用いられる水溶性樹脂としては、特に制限されないが、ポリビニルアルコール類が挙げられる。
本発明に係る低屈折率層用塗布液および高屈折率層用塗布液には、必要に応じて各種添加剤を添加することができる。以下、添加剤について説明する。
本発明に係る低屈折率層および高屈折率層においては、硬化剤を添加することが好ましい。硬化剤の例としては、例えば、上記の水溶性高分子として好適なポリビニルアルコールと硬化反応を起こす硬化剤が挙げられる。具体的には、ホウ酸およびその塩が好ましい。ホウ酸およびその塩以外にも公知のものが使用でき、一般的にはポリビニルアルコール類と反応し得る基を有する化合物あるいはポリビニルアルコール類が有する異なる基同士の反応を促進するような化合物であり、適宜選択して用いられる。さらに他の硬化剤の具体例としては、例えば、エポキシ系硬化剤(ジグリシジルエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、1,4-ブタンジオールジグリシジルエーテル、1,6-ジグリシジルシクロヘキサン、N,N-ジグリシジル-4-グリシジルオキシアニリン、ソルビトールポリグリシジルエーテル、グリセロールポリグリシジルエーテル等)、アルデヒド系硬化剤(ホルムアルデヒド、グリオキザール等)、活性ハロゲン系硬化剤(2,4-ジクロロ-4-ヒドロキシ-1,3,5-s-トリアジン等)、活性ビニル系化合物(1,3,5-トリスアクリロイル-ヘキサヒドロ-s-トリアジン、ビスビニルスルホニルメチルエーテル等)、アルミニウム明礬等が挙げられる。
本発明に係る高屈折率層用塗布液および低屈折率層用塗布液に添加可能な各種の添加剤を、以下に列挙する。例えば、特開昭57-74193号公報、特開昭57-87988号公報、および特開昭62-261476号公報に記載の紫外線吸収剤、特開昭57-74192号、特開昭57-87989号公報、特開昭60-72785号公報、特開昭61-146591号公報、特開平1-95091号公報、および特開平3-13376号公報等に記載されている退色防止剤、アニオン、カチオンまたはノニオンの各種界面活性剤、特開昭59-42993号公報、特開昭59-52689号公報、特開昭62-280069号公報、特開昭61-242871号公報、および特開平4-219266号公報等に記載されている蛍光増白剤、硫酸、リン酸、酢酸、クエン酸、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸カリウム、酢酸ナトリウム等のpH調整剤、消泡剤、ジエチレングリコール等の潤滑剤、防腐剤、防黴剤、帯電防止剤、マット剤、熱安定剤、酸化防止剤、難燃剤、結晶核剤、無機粒子、有機粒子、減粘剤、滑剤、赤外線吸収剤、色素、顔料等の公知の各種添加剤などが挙げられる。
赤外遮蔽フィルムの基材としては、種々の樹脂フィルムを用いることができ、例えば、ポリオレフィンフィルム(ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等)、ポリエステルフィルム(ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート等)、ポリ塩化ビニル、3酢酸セルロース等が挙げられる。好ましくはポリエステルフィルムである。ポリエステルフィルムとしては、特に限定されるものではないが、ジカルボン酸成分とジオール成分とを主要な構成成分とするフィルム形成性を有するポリエステルフィルムであることが好ましい。
本発明に係る赤外遮蔽フィルムは、幅広い分野に応用することができる。例えば、建物の屋外の窓や自動車窓等長期間太陽光に晒らされる設備に貼り合せ、熱線反射効果を付与する熱線反射フィルム等の窓貼用フィルムや、農業用ビニールハウス用フィルム等として、主として耐候性を高める目的で用いられる。また、自動車用の合わせガラスなどのガラスとガラスとの間に挟む、自動車用赤外遮蔽フィルムとしても好適に用いられる。この場合、外気ガスから赤外遮蔽フィルムを封止できるため、耐久性の観点から好ましい。
(シリカ付着二酸化チタンゾルの調製)
15.0質量%酸化チタンゾル(SRD-W、体積平均粒径5nm、ルチル型二酸化チタン粒子、堺化学工業株式会社製)0.5質量部に純水2質量部を加えた後、90℃に加熱した。次いで、ケイ酸水溶液(ケイ酸ソーダ4号(日本化学工業株式会社製)をSiO2濃度が2.0質量%となるように純水で希釈したもの)1.3質量部を徐々に添加した。次いで、オートクレーブ中、175℃で18時間加熱処理を行い、冷却後、限外濾過膜にて濃縮することにより、固形分濃度が、20質量%のSiO2を表面に付着させた二酸化チタンゾル(以下、単に「シリカ付着二酸化チタンゾル」とも称する)を得た。
上記で得られたシリカ付着二酸化チタンゾル(固形分20.0質量%)30質量部に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-135、株式会社クラレ製)の4質量%水溶液 30質量部、3質量%ホウ酸水溶液 8.8質量部、純水 82質量部、および2質量%クエン酸水溶液 10質量部をそれぞれ添加した後、45℃に加熱し、撹拌しながらSNディスパーサント5020(サンノプコ株式会社製、40%)0.75質量部を加えて、高屈折率層用塗布液Aを調製した。
上記で得られたシリカ付着二酸化チタンゾル(固形分20.0質量%)30質量部に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-124、株式会社クラレ製)の4質量%水溶液 30質量部、3質量%ホウ酸水溶液 8.8質量部、純水 82質量部、および2質量%クエン酸水溶液 10質量部をそれぞれ添加した後、45℃に加熱し、撹拌しながらSNディスパーサント5020(サンノプコ株式会社製、70%)0.43質量部を加えて、高屈折率層用塗布液Bを調製した。
上記で得られたシリカ付着二酸化チタンゾル(固形分20.0質量%)30質量部に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-135、株式会社クラレ製)の4質量%水溶液 30質量部、3質量%ホウ酸水溶液 8.8質量部、純水 82質量部、および2質量%クエン酸水溶液 10質量部をそれぞれ添加した後、45℃に加熱し、撹拌しながらSNディスパーサント5020(サンノプコ株式会社製、40%)0.43質量部を加えて高屈折率層用塗布液Cを調製した。
上記で得られたシリカ付着二酸化チタンゾル(固形分20.0質量%)30質量部に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-124、株式会社クラレ製)の4質量%水溶液 30質量部、3質量%ホウ酸水溶液 8.8質量部、純水 82質量部、および2質量%クエン酸水溶液 10質量部をそれぞれ添加した後、45℃に加熱し、撹拌しながらSNディスパーサント5020(サンノプコ株式会社製、70%)0.75質量部を加えて高屈折率層用塗布液Dを調製した。
上記で得られたシリカ付着二酸化チタンゾル(固形分20.0質量%)40質量部に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-135、株式会社クラレ製)の4質量%水溶液 30質量部、3質量%ホウ酸水溶液 8.8質量部、純水 82質量部、および2質量%クエン酸水溶液 10質量部をそれぞれ添加した後、45℃に加熱し、撹拌しながらSNディスパーサント5020(サンノプコ株式会社製、40%)0.43質量部を加えて高屈折率層用塗布液Eを調製した。
コロイダルシリカ(スノーテックス(登録商標)OXS、日産化学工業株式会社製、固形分10質量%)60質量部に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-224、株式会社クラレ製)の4質量%水溶液30質量部、3質量%ホウ酸水溶液8.8質量部、純水52質量部、AF-17(日本酢ビ・ポバール株式会社製、カルボキシル基変性)10質量%溶液 2質量部をそれぞれ添加した後、45℃に加熱し撹拌して、低屈折率層用塗布液Fを調製した。
コロイダルシリカ(スノーテックス(登録商標)OXS、日産化学工業株式会社製、固形分10質量%)60質量部に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-235、株式会社クラレ製)の4質量%水溶液 30質量部、3質量%ホウ酸水溶液 8.8質量部、純水 52質量部、およびAF-17(日本酢ビ・ポバール株式会社製、カルボキシル基変性)10質量%溶液 2質量部をそれぞれ添加した後、0.74質量%酢酸ナトリウム水溶液 0.1質量部を加え、45℃に加熱し撹拌して、低屈折率層用塗布液Gを調製した。
コロイダルシリカ(スノーテックス(登録商標)OXS、日産化学工業株式会社製、固形分10質量%)60質量部に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-224、株式会社クラレ製)の4質量%水溶液30質量部、3質量%ホウ酸水溶液8.8質量部、純水22質量部、およびAF-17(日本酢ビ・ポバール株式会社製、カルボキシル基変性)10質量%溶液 2質量部をそれぞれ添加した後、45℃に加熱し撹拌して、低屈折率層用塗布液Hを調製した。
コロイダルシリカ(スノーテックス(登録商標)OXS、日産化学工業株式会社製、固形分10質量%)60質量部に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-245、株式会社クラレ製)の4質量%水溶液 30質量部、3質量%ホウ酸水溶液8.8質量部、純水32質量部、およびAF-17(日本酢ビ・ポバール株式会社製、カルボキシル基変性)10質量%溶液 2質量部をそれぞれ添加した後、45℃に加熱し撹拌して、低屈折率層用塗布液Iを調製した。
コロイダルシリカ(スノーテックス(登録商標)OXS、日産化学工業株式会社製、固形分10質量%)60質量部に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-235、株式会社クラレ製)の4質量%水溶液 30質量部、3質量%ホウ酸水溶液 8.8質量部、純水32質量部、およびAF-17(日本酢ビ・ポバール株式会社製、カルボキシル基変性)10質量%溶液 3質量部をそれぞれ添加した後、45℃に加熱し撹拌して、低屈折率層用塗布液Jを調製した。
コロイダルシリカ(スノーテックス(登録商標)OXS、日産化学工業株式会社製、固形分10質量%)60質量部に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA-217、株式会社クラレ製)の4質量%水溶液 30質量部、3質量%ホウ酸水溶液 8.8質量部、純水 32質量部、およびAF-17(日本酢ビ・ポバール株式会社製 カルボキシル基変性)10質量%溶液 3質量部をそれぞれ添加した後、0.74質量%酢酸ナトリウム水溶液 0.1質量部を加え、45℃に加熱し撹拌して、低屈折率層用塗布液Jを調製した。
各塗布液の45℃における粘度を、回転式粘度計REOSTRESS6000(HAAKE社製)を用いて測定した。具体的には、せん断速度を0sec-1から10000sec-1まで増加させながら、塗布液の粘度フローカーブを測定し、せん断速度10sec-1の時の粘度A、せん断速度1000sec-1の時の粘度B、せん断速度10000sec-1の時の粘度C、およびせん断速度100sec-1の時の粘度を測定し、さらにA/BおよびB/Cを求めた。
基材上に屈折率を測定する対象層(高屈折率層、低屈折率層)をそれぞれ単層で塗設したサンプルを作製し、下記の方法に従って、高屈折率層および低屈折率層の屈折率を求めた。
[赤外遮蔽フィルムの作製]
9層重層塗布可能なスライドホッパー塗布装置を用い、高屈折率層用塗布液Aおよび低屈折率層用塗布液Fを45℃に保温しながら、45℃に加温した厚さ50μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム(東洋紡株式会社製、コスモシャイン(登録商標)A4300、両面易接着層)上に、それぞれ交互に、乾燥時の平均膜厚が低屈折率層は各層150nm、高屈折率層は各層150nmになるように、10m/minの塗布速度で、計9層の同時重層塗布を行った。このとき、基材側から第1層(最下層)、第2層、第3層、第4層、第5層、第6層、第7層、第8層、および第9層となるように、送液タンクを加圧して塗布液をスライドホッパー塗布装置に送液した。送液タンクとスライドホッパー塗布装置との間に設けた流量計(株式会社キーエンス製、FD-SS2A)により、流量を確認したところ、第1層~第9層への送液流路では流量変動はほとんどない(平均流量に対して±1%未満)ことを確認した。また、スライドホッパー塗布装置は、第9層において膜厚を不均一に形成するため、第9層のコータースリットに幅方向0.3mmピッチで、0.1mm幅0.1mm深さの溝を形成したものを用いた。上記9層を同時重層塗布した膜の上に、さらに同様に、9層の同時重層塗布を2回行なった。このとき、前記コータースリットの溝がないものを用い、すべての層を送液タンクの加圧により送液を行った。このようにして、計27層からなる赤外遮蔽フィルム(試料No.:試料1)を作製した。
下記表2に記載の高屈折率層用塗布液および低屈折率層用塗布液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、赤外遮蔽フィルム(試料No.:試料2~9)を作製した。
上記で作製した各赤外遮蔽フィルム(試料1~9)について、下記の性能評価を行った。
上記で作製した各赤外遮蔽フィルムの断面を、電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM、S-5000H型、株式会社日立製作所製)を用いて、加速電圧2.0kVの条件で1cm長さが観察できるように視野数を選び観察した。画像は、デジタル化し接続されたファイリング装置(VIDEOBANK)に転送しMOディスク中に保存した。続いて、画像処理装置にてコントラストを調整し、各層の膜厚を1000点測定して膜厚の平均値(μ)と膜厚の標準偏差(σ)を算出した。膜厚の測定は複数の方向(少なくとも、互いに直交した2方向)に沿った断面についてそれぞれ行い、膜厚の標準偏差(σ)が最も大きい方向の測定値を採用した。膜厚の標準偏差(σ)を膜厚変動幅として、膜厚の平均値に対する膜厚変動率(V)を下記の式1により求めた。
上記分光光度計(積分球使用、株式会社日立製作所製、U-4000型)を用い、赤外遮蔽フィルム試料の300nm~2000nmの領域における透過率を測定した。近赤外光透過率は1200nmにおける透過率の値を用いることにより、それぞれの透過率を評価した。
上記分光光度計(積分球使用、株式会社日立製作所製、U-4000型)を用い、各サンプルの測定側の裏面を粗面化処理した後、黒色のスプレーで光吸収処理を行って裏面での光の反射を防止して、5度正反射の条件と45度正反射の条件にて可視光領域(360nm~740nm)の反射率を測定した。この結果から、L*a*b*値を求め、5度正反射の条件と45度正反射の条件との色差ΔEを、ΔE=[(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2+(ΔL*)2]1/2の式より算出した。
Claims (2)
- 基材上に、塗布速度10m/min以上の速度で複数の塗布液を同時重層塗布する工程を含む多層積層膜の製造方法であって、
前記塗布液の温度45℃、せん断速度10sec-1における粘度をA[mPa・s]、前記塗布液の温度45℃、せん断速度1000sec-1における粘度をB[mPa・s]、および前記塗布液の温度45℃、せん断速度10000sec-1における粘度をC[mPa・s]としたとき、前記複数の塗布液のうち少なくとも1つの塗布液のA/Bが1.5~9の範囲であり、かつB/Cが0.6~1.4の範囲である、多層積層膜の製造方法。 - 前記複数の塗布液のうちの少なくとも1つの塗布液の温度45℃、せん断速度100sec-1での粘度が20mPa・s未満である、請求項1に記載の多層積層膜の製造方法。
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JP2017056432A (ja) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-23 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 光学フィルムの製造方法 |
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