JPH06140399A - 金配線の製造方法 - Google Patents

金配線の製造方法

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Publication number
JPH06140399A
JPH06140399A JP28721592A JP28721592A JPH06140399A JP H06140399 A JPH06140399 A JP H06140399A JP 28721592 A JP28721592 A JP 28721592A JP 28721592 A JP28721592 A JP 28721592A JP H06140399 A JPH06140399 A JP H06140399A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
gold
insulating film
gold wiring
tungsten
refractory metal
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JP2906873B2 (ja
Inventor
Yoshiaki Yamada
義明 山田
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NEC Corp
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NEC Corp
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Abstract

(57)【要約】 【目的】表面が高融点金属に覆われた金配線において、
配線間の短絡を抑制する金配線の製造方法を提供する。 【構成】シリコン酸化膜2を介してシリコン基板1上に
TiW3,金4,および金5からなる第1の金配線を形
成し、BCl3 プラズマによりシリコン酸化膜2の表面
を処理する。WF6 とSH4 とによる減圧化学気相成長
法により、第1の金配線の表面に選択的にタングステン
6を成長させる。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は金配線の製造方法に関
し、特に金の表面が高融点金属に覆われた金配線の製造
方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】従来、半導体基板の表面に形成された半
導体素子間を接続する配線金属はAl合金が広く使用さ
れてきたが、半導体装置の高集積化に伴なって配線の微
細化が進み,この配線の電流密度が高くなってきた。こ
のため、高密度の電子の流れにより配線のAlが移動
し,ついには断線にまでいたるエレクトロマイグレーシ
ョンが問題となってきた。さらに、Al配線上に形成さ
れた層間絶縁膜,あるいはパッシベーション膜の応力に
より、Alが移動し,ついには断線にまでいたるストレ
スマイグレーションの問題も、配線の微細化,あるいは
多層化により顕著になってきた。
【0003】このような背景から、Al合金に代る配線
材料として、銅や金が有望視され,検討が行なわれてい
る。しかしながら銅は、ドライエッチングが難かしく微
細加工性が悪いという問題と酸化されやすいという問題
とがあり、微細配線への適用は困難である。一方、金
は、メッキ法による形成が可能なため微細化も容易であ
り、固有抵抗も低く、耐酸化性,耐腐食性に優れている
ため、高信頼性を有する微細配線の材料として有望であ
る。しかしながら、金配線は絶縁膜との密着性が悪いと
いう問題がある。そこで、金配線表面を他の金属で覆う
ことにより、この問題を解決することが試みられてい
る。例えば、1989年6月発行のブイ−エル−エス−
アイ・マルチレベル・インターコネクション・コンファ
レンスの予稿集33〜39ページ(Proceedin
g of VLSI Multilevel Inte
rconnection Conference (J
une12−13,1989)pp.33−39)の報
告によると、金配線の表面にのみ選択的にタングステン
を化学気相成長することにより、この問題を解決しよう
としている。またこの報告では、金配線上に層間絶縁膜
を形成し、この層間絶縁膜にこの金配線に対するスルー
ホールを形成し、このスルーホール内にのみに気相成長
法により選択的にタングステンを形成している。
【0004】2層の金配線の製造方法の主要工程の断面
図である図2を参照すると、上記報告の金配線の製造方
法は、以下のようになる。
【0005】まず、シリコン基板21上にシリコン酸化
膜22を形成し、シリコン基板21の達するコンタクト
ホール(図示せず)をシリコン酸化膜22に形成する。
全面に、スパッタリングによる膜厚100〜300nm
のTiW23,膜厚10〜100nmの金24を順次形
成する。ここで、TiW23は、コンタクトホールにお
いて、金24等からの金とシリコン基板21からのシリ
コンとの相互拡散を防止するバリアメタルとして機能
し、金24のシリコン酸化膜22への密着性を良好にす
る。金24は、次工程で金メッキを行なう際に、給電層
の役割を演ずる。次に、フォトリソグラフィ技術によ
り、金配線を形成する領域以外の場所をフォトレジスト
膜32で覆う。電解金メッキ法により、上記フォトレジ
スト膜32から露出している金24表面に選択的に金2
5を形成する〔図2(a)〕。
【0006】次に、フォトレジスト膜32を除去した
後、イオンミーリング法により金24,TiW23のエ
ッチングし、金25,金24a,およびTiW23aか
らなる第1の金配線を形成する。次に、6弗化タングス
テン(WF6 )とシラン(SiH4 )とを原料ガスとし
た減圧化学気相成長法(シラン還元法)により、上記第
1の金配線の表面にのみ膜厚20〜100nmのタング
ステン26を形成する〔図2(b)〕。このタングステ
ン26の成長条件としては、SiH4 /WF6 の流量比
が0.3〜1.0,圧力が10〜100mTorr,温
度が200〜300℃であることが好ましい。
【0007】次に、全面にプラズマ化学気相成長法によ
るシリコン酸化膜(以後、プラズマ酸化膜と記す)27
を形成し、上記第1の金配線に達するスルーホールをこ
のプラズマ酸化膜27に形成する。上記タングステン2
6の形成方法と同様の方法により、このスルーホール内
に選択的にタングステン28を形成し、スルーホールの
上端を含めてプラズマ酸化膜27の表面を平坦化する
〔図2(c)〕。
【0008】続いて、上記第1の金配線の製造方法と同
様の方法により、TiW29,金30,および金31か
らなる第2の金配線を形成する〔図2(d)〕。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記報告の金配線の製
造方法では、電解メッキによる金25を形成し,フォト
レジスト膜32を除去した後、イオンミーリング法で第
1の金配線を形成し、この第1の金配線の表面をタング
ステン26で覆っている。このイオンミーリングにより
シリコン酸化膜22の表面もイオンでたたかれる。この
ため、このシリコン酸化膜22の表面にはダングリング
ボンドが多数形成され、タングステン26の成長に際し
て、シリコン酸化膜22の表面にもタングステンが粒状
に成長しやすくなり、たとえタングステン26の膜厚が
薄くても第1の金配線が短絡しやすくなるという問題が
生じる。
【0010】さらに上記報告では、プラズマ酸化膜27
に設けられたスルーホール内に選択的にタングステン2
8を成長している。このとき、スルーホールの形成に用
いたフォトレジスト膜を酸素プラズマで除去することか
ら、プラズマ酸化膜27の表面はこの酸素プラズマによ
るダメージが残留しており、タングステンがプラズマ酸
化膜27の表面に成長しやすい状態になっている。この
タングステン28の膜厚はプラズマ酸化膜27の膜厚と
同程度と厚いため、タングステンはプラズマ酸化膜27
の表面により成長しやすくなり、第2の金配線が短絡し
ていまうという問題がある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の金配線の製造方
法は、絶縁膜上に選択的に形成された金配線の表面に化
学気相成長法により選択的に高融点金属を成長する前
に、塩素を含む雰囲気のプラズマにより上記絶縁膜表面
を処理する工程を含んでいる。
【0012】好ましくは、上記塩素を含む雰囲気が塩素
(Cl2 ),3塩化ホウ素(BCl3 ),4塩化炭素
(CCl4 ),および4塩化ケイ素(SiCl4 )の少
なくとも1つを含み、上記塩素を含む雰囲気のプラズマ
による処理と上記高融点金属の成長とが同一真空容器中
で行なわれ、上記高融点金属の成長が高融点金属のハロ
ゲン化合物の還元により行なわれ、この高融点金属の成
長が高々300℃で行なわれる。さらに好ましくは、上
記高融点金属がタングステンであり、このタングステン
の化学気相成長法が6弗化タングステン(WF6 )とシ
ラン(SiH4 )とを原料ガスとした化学気相成長法で
ある。
【0013】本発明の2層からなる金配線の製造方法
は、絶縁膜を介して半導体基板上に選択的に第1の金配
線を形成する工程と、塩素を含む雰囲気のプラズマによ
り上記絶縁膜表面を処理する工程と、上記第1の金配線
の表面に化学気相成長法により選択的に第1の高融点金
属を成長する工程と、全面に層間絶縁膜を形成し、この
層間絶縁膜,および上記第1の高融点金属を順次エッチ
ングして上記第1の金配線に達するスルーホールを形成
する工程と、塩素を含む雰囲気のプラズマにより上記層
間絶縁膜表面を処理する工程と、上記スルーホール内に
選択的に第2の高融点金属を形成する工程と、上記層間
絶縁膜の表面に選択的に第2の金配線を形成する工程
と、を有している。
【0014】
【実施例】次に、本発明について図面を参照して説明す
る。
【0015】金配線の製造方法の主要工程の断面図であ
る図1の参照すると、本発明の一実施例は、以下のよう
になる。
【0016】まず、従来の製造方法と同様の方法によ
り、シリコン基板1上にシリコン酸化膜2を形成し、シ
リコン基板1の達するコンタクトホール(図示せず)を
シリコン酸化膜2に形成する。全面に、スパッタリング
による膜厚100〜300nmのTiW,膜厚10〜1
00nmの金を順次形成する。ここで、TiWは、コン
タクトホールにおいて、金とシリコン基板1からのシリ
コンとの相互拡散を防止するバリアメタルとして機能
し、金のシリコン酸化膜2への密着性を良好にする。こ
の金は、金メッキを行なう際に給電層の役割を演ずる。
次に、フォトリソグラフィ技術により、金配線を形成す
る領域以外の場所をフォトレジスト膜(図示せず)で覆
う。電解金メッキ法により、上記フォトレジスト膜から
露出しているこの金表面に選択的に金5を形成する。次
に、このフォトレジスト膜を除去した後、イオンミーリ
ング法により給電層の金,TiWのエッチングし、Ti
W3,金4,および金5からなる第1の金配線を選択的
に形成する。
【0017】次に、3塩化ホウ素(BCl3 )ガスを用
い、数100mTorrの比較的高い圧力の50〜20
0Wという低パワーのプラズマで、シリコン酸化膜2の
表面を10〜60秒程度処理する。これにより、このシ
リコン酸化膜2の表面の水酸基(OH基)が解離し,シ
リコン酸化膜2の表面のダングリングボンドには塩素が
結合する。続いて、高々300℃の温度での6弗化タン
グステン(WF6 )とシラン(SiH4 )とを原料ガス
とした減圧化学気相成長法(シラン還元法)により、上
記第1の金配線の表面にのみ膜厚20〜100nmのタ
ングステン6を形成する〔図1(a)〕。
【0018】なお、このタングステン6の選択成長を3
00℃より高い温度でおこなうと、ダングリングボンド
に結合した塩素が解離してしまう。ここで、BCl3
ラズマによる表面処理とタングステン6の選択成長と
は、同一の真空容器内で行なうのが好ましい。BCl3
プラズマによる表面処理の後、大気にさらしても本発明
の効果が皆無にはならないが、効果は薄れてしまい、シ
リコン酸化膜2上にタングステンが粒状に成長しやすく
なる。
【0019】次に、全面に層間絶縁膜であるプラズマ酸
化膜7を形成する。このプラズマ酸化膜7とタングステ
ン6との密着性は、良好である。公知のフォトリソグラ
フィ技術およびドライエッチング法により、所望の位置
のプラズマ酸化膜7,およびタングステン6を除去し、
スルーホールを形成する。このスルーホールの底面に
は、金5の表面が露出する〔図1(b)〕。
【0020】次に、上記の同じ条件のBCl3 プラズマ
によりプラズマ酸化膜7の表面処理を行なう。続いて、
上記の同じ条件のシラン還元法により、スルーホールに
露出した金5の表面にタングステン8を選択的に成長
し、このタングステン8によりスルーホールを埋設する
〔図1(c)〕。
【0021】続いて、第1の金配線と同様の方法によ
り、プラズマ酸化膜7表面にTiW9,金10,および
金11からなる第2の金配線を形成する〔図1
(d)〕。ここで、BCl3 プラズマによるプラズマ酸
化膜7の表面処理を行なわぬ場合もあるが、この場合に
は、第2の金配線の形成の際に、プラズマ酸化膜7表面
に形成された粒状のタングステンをイオンミーリングで
完全に取り去ることが必要である。
【0022】例えば、本実施例においてプラズマ酸化膜
7に設けられた第1の金配線に達するスルーホールの深
さが0.8μm,第2の金配線の間隔が0.6μmであ
るとき、タングステン8の選択成長前にこのBCl3
ラズマによる表面処理を行なわないと第2の金配線の間
の短絡により良品率は10%以下になり、この表面処理
を行なう短絡は完全に無くなる。
【0023】本実施例では、塩素を含む雰囲気としてB
Cl3 を用いたが、塩素(Cl2 ),4塩化炭素(CC
4 ),あるいは4塩化ケイ素(SiCl4 )を用いて
もよい。また、高融点金属がタングステン,このタング
ステンの化学気相成長法が6弗化タングステン(W
6 )とシラン(SiH4 )とを原料ガスとした化学気
相成長法であるが、この方法に限定されるものではな
く、例えば、4塩化モリブデン(MoCl4 )をシラン
(SiH4 )で還元してモリブデンを選択成長させる方
法も有効である。
【0024】なお、タングステンの成長前にBCl3
用いた反応性イオンエッチングを行なうと、絶縁膜上に
タングステンが成長しにくくなることは、1990年に
開催されたドライプロセス・シンポジウムの予稿集51
〜56ページ(Proceeding of 1990
DRY PROCESS SYMPOSIUM p
p.51−56)に報告されている。この報告では、タ
ングステン上にタングステンの選択成長させている。
【0025】しかしながら、本発明者の実験によると、
以下のことが明かになった。下地のタングステンの表面
をBCl3 プラズマにより処理すると、このタングステ
ン表面にタングステン塩化物が形成されるため、下地タ
ングステン表面にタングステンの選択成長がしにくくな
る。この場合、このタングステンの選択成長を良好に行
なうには、300〜400℃程度の熱処理を行ない、下
地タングステン表面のタングステン塩化物の塩素を解離
すればよい。ところが、このように300〜400℃程
度の熱処理を行うと、絶縁膜のダングリングボンドに結
合していた塩素も解離されてしまい、絶縁膜表面にもタ
ングステンが成長してしまう。
【0026】上記実施例において、金5の表面に選択的
にタングステン8が成長するのは、BCl3 プラズマに
よる表面処理を行なっても金8の表面には塩素が結合し
ないためである。そのため、タングステン8の成長前に
上記のような300〜400℃程度の熱処理は不用とな
り、プラズマ酸化膜7のダングリングボンドに結合した
塩素の解離は起らない。また、上記実施例での6弗化タ
ングステン(WF6 )とシラン(SiH4 )とによるシ
ラン還元法は、250℃程度の低温でよいことから、プ
ラズマ酸化膜7表面へのタングステン成長は避けられ
る。
【0027】
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明の金配線の製
造方法では、絶縁膜を介して半導体基板上に選択的に形
成された金配線の表面に化学気相成長法により選択的に
高融点金属を成長させる前に、塩素を含む雰囲気のプラ
ズマによりこの絶縁膜表面の処理を行なっている。この
ため、この絶縁膜表面への粒状の高融点金属の成長は避
けられ、金配線の間の短絡が起らなくなる。
【0028】また、本発明の2層の金配線の製造方法で
は、第1の金配線に達するスルーホールを層間絶縁膜に
形成した後、塩素を含む雰囲気のプラズマによりこの層
間絶縁膜表面の処理を行ない、このスルーホールに高融
点金属を埋設し、第2の金配線を形成している。このた
め、層間絶縁膜表面への粒状の高融点金属の成長は避け
られ、第2の金配線の間の短絡が起らなくなる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例の主要工程の断面図である。
【図2】従来の金配線の製造方法の主要工程の断面図で
ある。
【符号の説明】
1,21 シリコン基板 2,22 シリコン酸化膜 3,9,23,23a,29 TiW 4,5,10,11,24,24a,25,30,31
金 6,8,26,28 タングステン 7,27 プラズマ酸化膜 32 フォトレジスト膜
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.5 識別記号 庁内整理番号 FI 技術表示箇所 H01L 21/302 F 9277−4M 21/90 A 7514−4M

Claims (7)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項1】 絶縁膜を介して半導体基板上に選択的に
    金配線を形成する工程と、 塩素を含む雰囲気のプラズマにより前記絶縁膜表面を処
    理する工程と、 前記金配線の表面に化学気相成長法により選択的に高融
    点金属を成長する工程と、 を有することを特徴とする金配線の製造方法。
  2. 【請求項2】 前記塩素を含む雰囲気が、塩素(Cl2
    ),3塩化ホウ素(BCl3 ),4塩化炭素(CCl
    4 ),および4塩化ケイ素(SiCl4 )の少なくとも
    1つを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の金配線の製
    造方法。
  3. 【請求項3】 前記塩素を含む雰囲気のプラズマによる
    処理工程と前記高融点金属を成長する工程とが、同一真
    空容器中で行なわれることを特徴とする請求項1記載の
    金配線の製造方法。
  4. 【請求項4】 前記高融点金属の化学気相成長法が、前
    記高融点金属のハロゲン化合物を還元することにより行
    なわれることを特徴とする請求項1記載の金配線の製造
    方法。
  5. 【請求項5】 前記高融点金属の化学気相成長法が、高
    々300℃で行なわれることを特徴とする請求項1記載
    の金配線の製造方法。
  6. 【請求項6】 前記高融点金属がタングステンであり、
    前記タングステンの化学気相成長法が6弗化タングステ
    ン(WF6 )とシラン(SiH4 )とを原料ガスとした
    化学気相成長法であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の
    金配線の製造方法。
  7. 【請求項7】 2層の金配線の製造方法において、 絶縁膜を介して半導体基板上に選択的に第1の金配線を
    形成する工程と、 塩素を含む雰囲気のプラズマにより前記絶縁膜表面を処
    理する工程と、 前記第1の金配線の表面に化学気相成長法により選択的
    に第1の高融点金属を成長する工程と、 全面に層間絶縁膜を形成し、前記層間絶縁膜,および前
    記第1の高融点金属を順次エッチングして前記第1の金
    配線に達するスルーホールを形成する工程と、 塩素を含む雰囲気のプラズマにより前記層間絶縁膜表面
    を処理する工程と、 前記スルーホール内に選択的に第2の高融点金属を形成
    する工程と、 前記層間絶縁膜の表面に選択的に第2の金配線を形成す
    る工程と、 を有することを特徴とする金配線の製造方法。
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