JPH0445802B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0445802B2 JPH0445802B2 JP60126383A JP12638385A JPH0445802B2 JP H0445802 B2 JPH0445802 B2 JP H0445802B2 JP 60126383 A JP60126383 A JP 60126383A JP 12638385 A JP12638385 A JP 12638385A JP H0445802 B2 JPH0445802 B2 JP H0445802B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polymerization
- polymer
- monomer
- methacrylate
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical group COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AOJOEFVRHOZDFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 AOJOEFVRHOZDFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 79
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 9
- PSYGHMBJXWRQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylacetyl)oxyethyl 2-sulfanylacetate Chemical compound SCC(=O)OCCOC(=O)CS PSYGHMBJXWRQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 vanadine Chemical compound 0.000 description 7
- CNDCQWGRLNGNNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethoxy)ethanethiol Chemical compound SCCOCCS CNDCQWGRLNGNNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical group CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanethiol Chemical compound CCCCS WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001030 gas--liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 3
- OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 5-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-[4-[(2r)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-1-oxo-3h-2-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-4-methyl-3h-2-benzofuran-1-one Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OCC2=C(C)C([C@@H](O)CN2CCN(CC2)C[C@H](O)C2=CC=C3C(=O)OCC3=C2C)=C1 OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical group SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UTGQNNCQYDRXCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound C=1C=C(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 UTGQNNCQYDRXCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012667 polymer degradation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- KHXKESCWFMPTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F KHXKESCWFMPTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAQZWTGSNCDKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-sulfanylpropanoyloxy)ethyl 3-sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound SCCC(=O)OCCOC(=O)CCS HAQZWTGSNCDKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQPZDTQSGNKMOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol;3-sulfanylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS.OC(=O)CCS.OC(=O)CCS.OCC(C)(CO)CO HQPZDTQSGNKMOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-cyano-4-methylpentan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(C#N)CC(C)C WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOBBTVPTPXRUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(3-sulfanylpropanoyloxy)-2,2-bis(3-sulfanylpropanoyloxymethyl)propyl] 3-sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound SCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCS)(COC(=O)CCS)COC(=O)CCS JOBBTVPTPXRUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N abcn Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(C#N)N=NC1(C#N)CCCCC1 KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006125 amorphous polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- IBIKHMZPHNKTHM-RDTXWAMCSA-N merck compound 25 Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](O)CN1C(C1=C(F)C=CC=C11)=NN1C(=O)C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1C1CC1 IBIKHMZPHNKTHM-RDTXWAMCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013308 plastic optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013014 purified material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-MGGKGRBPSA-N trideuteriomethyl 3,3-dideuterio-2-(trideuteriomethyl)prop-2-enoate Chemical group [2H]C([2H])=C(C([2H])([2H])[2H])C(=O)OC([2H])([2H])[2H] VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-MGGKGRBPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-BMSJAHLVSA-N trideuteriomethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])OC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-BMSJAHLVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02033—Core or cladding made from organic material, e.g. polymeric material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00663—Production of light guides
- B29D11/00721—Production of light guides involving preforms for the manufacture of light guides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1802—C2-(meth)acrylate, e.g. ethyl (meth)acrylate
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/10—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/842,166 US4161500A (en) | 1977-10-14 | 1977-10-14 | Process for low attenuation methacrylate optical fiber |
| US842166 | 1997-04-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS615206A JPS615206A (ja) | 1986-01-11 |
| JPH0445802B2 true JPH0445802B2 (US08080257-20111220-C00005.png) | 1992-07-28 |
Family
ID=25286686
Family Applications (4)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP53124721A Expired JPS6018963B2 (ja) | 1977-10-14 | 1978-10-12 | 低減衰全プラスチックオプチカル・ファイバ−の製造方法 |
| JP57180056A Expired JPS6018964B2 (ja) | 1977-10-14 | 1982-10-15 | メチルメタクリレ−ト系重合体の製造法 |
| JP57180057A Pending JPS5878103A (ja) | 1977-10-14 | 1982-10-15 | 低減衰全プラスチツクオプテイカル・フアイバ−の製造法 |
| JP60126383A Granted JPS615206A (ja) | 1977-10-14 | 1985-06-12 | オプテイカル・フアイバーの予備成形体の製造方法 |
Family Applications Before (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP53124721A Expired JPS6018963B2 (ja) | 1977-10-14 | 1978-10-12 | 低減衰全プラスチックオプチカル・ファイバ−の製造方法 |
| JP57180056A Expired JPS6018964B2 (ja) | 1977-10-14 | 1982-10-15 | メチルメタクリレ−ト系重合体の製造法 |
| JP57180057A Pending JPS5878103A (ja) | 1977-10-14 | 1982-10-15 | 低減衰全プラスチツクオプテイカル・フアイバ−の製造法 |
Country Status (9)
Families Citing this family (59)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4353960A (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1982-10-12 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Composite and conjugate filaments |
| JPS5816163B2 (ja) * | 1979-02-01 | 1983-03-30 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | プラスチツク光フアイバの製造方法 |
| US4278634A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1981-07-14 | American Cyanamid Company | Biconstituent acrylic fibers by melt spinning |
| JPS5784403A (en) * | 1980-11-14 | 1982-05-26 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Method and device for production of low loss plastic optical fiber |
| US4381269A (en) * | 1980-11-11 | 1983-04-26 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corporation | Fabrication of a low-loss plastic optical fiber |
| NL186769C (nl) * | 1980-11-11 | 1991-02-18 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van optische kunststofvezels. |
| JPS5781205A (en) * | 1980-11-11 | 1982-05-21 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Low-loss plastic optical fiber and its production |
| JPS5796303A (en) * | 1980-12-09 | 1982-06-15 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Optical transmission fiber |
| JPS5796302A (en) * | 1980-12-09 | 1982-06-15 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Optical fiber |
| JPS57104906A (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1982-06-30 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Production of optical transmission fiber |
| JPS57124307A (en) * | 1981-01-26 | 1982-08-03 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Manufacture of optical fiber |
| JPS57128710A (en) * | 1981-02-02 | 1982-08-10 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Preparation of methyl methacrylate polymer |
| JPS5834404A (ja) * | 1981-08-25 | 1983-02-28 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | プラスチツク光フアイバ |
| JPS5865402A (ja) * | 1981-10-14 | 1983-04-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | プラスチツク光フアイバ |
| JPS58118603A (ja) * | 1982-01-07 | 1983-07-14 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 光学繊維の製造法 |
| CA1221795A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1987-05-12 | Bolesh J. Skutnik | Optical fiber cladding |
| AU560480B2 (en) * | 1982-07-05 | 1987-04-09 | Mitsubishi Rayon Company Limited | Plastic optical fibres |
| BR8304291A (pt) | 1982-08-12 | 1984-03-20 | Du Pont | Material de suporte para mobilario estofado, assento de banco, encosto de banco e sistema de suporte para camas |
| IT1153311B (it) * | 1982-10-27 | 1987-01-14 | Montedison Spa | Processo di fabbricazione di manufatti conduttori di luce |
| US4469738A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-09-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Oriented net furniture support material |
| US4469739A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-09-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Oriented woven furniture support material |
| FR2545616B1 (fr) * | 1983-05-03 | 1986-10-24 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Fibres optiques en matiere plastique, notamment multicoeurs, et leur procede de fabrication |
| US4547040A (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1985-10-15 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Optical fiber assembly and process for preparing same |
| EP0144712B1 (en) | 1983-11-02 | 1988-03-30 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Optical fiber |
| CA1269260A (en) * | 1984-01-25 | 1990-05-22 | Makoto Wagatsuma | Coated optical fiber, fabrication process thereof and fabrication apparatus thereof |
| GB2158260B (en) * | 1984-05-03 | 1988-02-10 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Optical fibres |
| JPS61186584U (US08080257-20111220-C00005.png) * | 1985-05-13 | 1986-11-20 | ||
| JPH0646244B2 (ja) * | 1985-05-17 | 1994-06-15 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | プラスチック系光ファイバ |
| US4863799A (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1989-09-05 | Hoechst Celanese Corp. | Sheath core spun organosilicon preceramic fibers and processes for production |
| JPH0654363B2 (ja) * | 1986-10-15 | 1994-07-20 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | プラスチツク光フアイバ−の製造方法 |
| JP2555576B2 (ja) * | 1987-01-06 | 1996-11-20 | 東レ株式会社 | 耐熱分解性に優れたプラスチック光ファイバ |
| US4806289A (en) * | 1987-01-16 | 1989-02-21 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method of making a hollow light pipe |
| US4871487A (en) * | 1987-01-16 | 1989-10-03 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method of making a polymeric optical waveguide by coextrusion |
| JPS63192253U (US08080257-20111220-C00005.png) * | 1987-05-29 | 1988-12-12 | ||
| US4807964A (en) * | 1987-06-12 | 1989-02-28 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Plastic optical fiber |
| FR2625570B1 (fr) * | 1987-12-30 | 1990-05-04 | Charbonnages Ste Chimique | Procede de preparation d'optiques organiques a saut(s) d'indice |
| FR2625569B1 (fr) * | 1987-12-30 | 1990-05-04 | Charbonnages Ste Chimique | Procede de preparation d'optiques organiques |
| JPH02257106A (ja) * | 1989-03-30 | 1990-10-17 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | プラスチック光ファイバーおよびその製造方法 |
| JPH0332085U (US08080257-20111220-C00005.png) * | 1989-08-02 | 1991-03-28 | ||
| FR2657556B1 (fr) * | 1990-01-26 | 1994-07-01 | Bosc Dominique | Procede de fabrication de guides optiques circulaires monomodes en polymere. |
| NL9001715A (nl) * | 1990-07-28 | 1992-02-17 | Stamicarbon | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een langwerpig voorwerp van een thermohardend polymeer. |
| US5292459A (en) * | 1990-07-28 | 1994-03-08 | Dsm N.V. | Process for the production of a continuous object of a theromosetting polymer |
| US5567235A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1996-10-22 | Elf Atochem North America, Inc. | Method for strengthening a brittle oxide substrate, silane-based compositions, and a polymerized cross-linked siloxane coated brittle oxide substrate |
| US6013333A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 2000-01-11 | Elf Atochem North America, Inc. | Method for strengthening a brittle oxide substrate |
| US5169421A (en) * | 1990-09-15 | 1992-12-08 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing silica glass optical waveguide preform |
| US5406641A (en) * | 1993-06-15 | 1995-04-11 | Rohm And Haas Company | Flexible light pipe, cured composite and processes for preparation thereof |
| US5485541A (en) * | 1993-06-15 | 1996-01-16 | Rohm And Haas Company | Cured composite, processes and composition |
| WO2000011497A1 (de) * | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-02 | Quante Ag | Lichtleitfaser aus kunststoff |
| FR2796085B1 (fr) | 1999-07-09 | 2001-10-05 | Optectron Ind | Procede et installation pour la fabrication d'une fibre optique |
| MXPA03002112A (es) | 2000-09-15 | 2004-09-10 | First Quality Fibers Llc | Aparato para fabricar fibra optica hecha de polimero semicristalino. |
| DE10054935A1 (de) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-08 | Bayer Ag | Lichtleiter |
| US6741770B2 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2004-05-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Transparent paramagnetic polymer |
| WO2003019252A1 (fr) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-06 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Procede permettant la production de composants optiques en plastique |
| KR100433905B1 (ko) * | 2002-08-26 | 2004-06-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 플라스틱 광섬유 및 그 제조방법 |
| WO2005028193A1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2005-03-31 | Nanoptics, Incorporated | Method of manufacturing multi-polymer optical fiber cable |
| US20050056952A1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2005-03-17 | Walker James K. | Method of manufacturing multi-polymer optical fiber cable |
| DE102006060161A1 (de) | 2006-12-18 | 2008-06-26 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Verfahren zur adsorptiven Aufreinigung von Methacrylsäurealkylestern |
| JP5514802B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-23 | 2014-06-04 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 押出原料供給装置及びこれを用いた光伝送体の製造方法 |
| JP7287398B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-24 | 2023-06-06 | 東亞合成株式会社 | 重合体の製造方法 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5083046A (US08080257-20111220-C00005.png) * | 1973-11-22 | 1975-07-04 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2045660A (en) * | 1934-06-01 | 1936-06-30 | Dupont Viscoloid Company | Process of polymerization |
| US2008719A (en) * | 1934-07-24 | 1935-07-23 | Du Pont Viscoloid Co | Process of polymerization |
| DK98917C (da) * | 1958-11-13 | 1964-06-01 | Du Pont | Polymer-i-monomer-sirup til anvendelse ved fremstilling af plast-produkter og fremgangsmåde til dens fremstilling. |
| GB1013688A (en) | 1962-01-25 | 1965-12-15 | Sterling Moulding Materials Lt | Production of polymethyl methacrylate |
| FR1437867A (fr) * | 1965-06-14 | 1966-05-06 | Du Pont | Filaments capables de transmettre la lumière |
| JPS5321660B2 (US08080257-20111220-C00005.png) * | 1973-06-21 | 1978-07-04 | ||
| US3999834A (en) * | 1973-08-14 | 1976-12-28 | Kanebo, Ltd. | Method for producing optical fibers and resulting fibers |
-
1977
- 1977-10-14 US US05/842,166 patent/US4161500A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1978
- 1978-10-12 JP JP53124721A patent/JPS6018963B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1978-10-12 CA CA000313180A patent/CA1120197A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-13 NL NLAANVRAGE7810326,A patent/NL186527C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-10-13 FR FR7829289A patent/FR2405806A1/fr active Granted
- 1978-10-13 IT IT28756/78A patent/IT1099911B/it active
- 1978-10-13 DE DE2858225A patent/DE2858225C2/de not_active Expired
- 1978-10-13 GB GB7840407A patent/GB2006790B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-13 BE BE191100A patent/BE871239A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-10-13 DE DE2858163A patent/DE2858163C2/de not_active Expired
- 1978-10-13 DE DE19782844754 patent/DE2844754A1/de active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-10-15 JP JP57180056A patent/JPS6018964B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1982-10-15 JP JP57180057A patent/JPS5878103A/ja active Pending
-
1985
- 1985-06-12 JP JP60126383A patent/JPS615206A/ja active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5083046A (US08080257-20111220-C00005.png) * | 1973-11-22 | 1975-07-04 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2858163C2 (US08080257-20111220-C00005.png) | 1989-06-15 |
| JPS6018963B2 (ja) | 1985-05-14 |
| NL7810326A (nl) | 1979-04-18 |
| JPS5878103A (ja) | 1983-05-11 |
| JPS5465555A (en) | 1979-05-26 |
| FR2405806A1 (fr) | 1979-05-11 |
| CA1120197A (en) | 1982-03-16 |
| IT1099911B (it) | 1985-09-28 |
| US4161500A (en) | 1979-07-17 |
| DE2858225C2 (US08080257-20111220-C00005.png) | 1988-03-31 |
| NL186527B (nl) | 1990-07-16 |
| JPS615206A (ja) | 1986-01-11 |
| GB2006790B (en) | 1982-03-31 |
| JPS6018964B2 (ja) | 1985-05-14 |
| IT7828756A0 (it) | 1978-10-13 |
| DE2844754C2 (US08080257-20111220-C00005.png) | 1987-02-12 |
| NL186527C (nl) | 1990-12-17 |
| JPS5883010A (ja) | 1983-05-18 |
| FR2405806B1 (US08080257-20111220-C00005.png) | 1984-03-23 |
| BE871239A (fr) | 1979-04-13 |
| DE2844754A1 (de) | 1979-04-26 |
| GB2006790A (en) | 1979-05-10 |
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