JP7478476B2 - 長方形導波路を使用する開口乗算器 - Google Patents
長方形導波路を使用する開口乗算器 Download PDFInfo
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- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
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Description
(a)伸長方向を持つ第1の光導波路であって、第1の光導波路は長方形断面を形成する第1の対の平行面及び第2の対の平行面を有しており、複数の部分反射面が第1の光導波路を少なくとも部分的に横断し、部分反射面が伸長方向に対して斜角である、第1の光導波路;及び
(b)第1の光導波路と光学的に連結される第2の光導波路であって、第2の光導波路はスラブ型の導波路を形成する第3の対の平行面を有しており、複数の部分反射面が第2の光導波路を少なくとも部分的に横断し、部分反射面が第3の対の平行面に対して斜角である、第2の光導波路
を含み;
ここで、第1の光導波路及び第2の光導波路の光連結面と部分反射面は、第1の光導波路の平行面及び第2の光導波路の平行面の両方に対して斜めの連結角度で最初の伝播方向で画像が第1の光導波路に連結される時に、画像が第1の光導波路に沿った4回の内反射により進み、第2の光導波路に連結するように画像の強度の一部が部分反射面にて反射し、及び、第2の光導波路内で2回の反射を伝播し、目に見える画像として前記平行面の1つから外側に向けられるように画像の強度の一部が前記部分反射面にて反射するように、構成される。
光学的開口乗算器は更に、光導波路に一体形成され又は光学的に連結される連結反射構造を含み、連結反射構造は:
(a)第3の面の近位拡張部として、又は第3の面に平行であり且つその外部に反射器として配置される第1の反射器であって、第3の面の幅よりも広い、伸長方向に垂直な幅を持つ、第1の反射器、及び
(b)第4の面の近位拡張部として、又は第4の面に平行であり且つその外部に反射器として配置される第2の反射器であって、第4の面の幅よりも広い、伸長方向に垂直な幅を持つ、第2の反射器
を含み、
それにより、光入力軸に沿って見ると、第1の近位縁部と第2の近位縁部は、第1の近位縁部と第2の近位縁部により連結される目に見える導波路開口を提示し、第1の近位縁部と第2の近位縁部の画像は、連結反射構造において反射される。
第1の光導波路の複数の部分反射面は、部分反射面に対して第1の範囲の角度内で画像の光線にほぼ透過性となるように覆われ、且つ、第2の範囲の角度内で入射する画像の光線に部分的に反射し、
ここで、角度方向の第1の広がり、及び複数の部分反射面の斜角は、4つの共役像のうち3つに対する角度方向の広がりが全て第1の範囲の角度内の複数の部分反射面上で入射し、且つ4つの共役像のうちわずか1つに対する角度方向の広がりが第2の範囲の角度内の前記複数の部分反射面上で入射するように選択される。
(a)伸長方向を持つ光導波路であって、光導波路は、第1の面と第2の面を含む第1の対の平行面、及び第3の面と第4の面を含む第2の対の平行面を有しており、対の平行面は一体となって長方形断面を形成し、第1の面の端部は第1の近位縁部にて終端となり、第3の面の端部は第2の近位縁部にて終端となる、光導波路;及び
(b)光導波路に一体形成され又は光学的に連結される連結反射構造
を含み、前記連結反射構造は:
(i)第3の面の近位拡張部として、又は第3の面に平行であり且つその外部に反射器として配置される第1の反射器であって、第3の面の幅よりも広い、伸長方向に垂直な幅を持つ、第1の反射器、及び
(ii)第4の面の近位拡張部として、又は第4の面に平行であり且つその外部に反射器として配置される第2の反射器であって、第4の面の幅よりも広い、伸長方向に垂直な幅を持つ、第2の反射器
を含み、
それにより、光入力軸に沿って見ると、第1の近位縁部と第2の近位縁部は、第1の近位縁部と第2の近位縁部により連結される目に見える導波路開口を提示し、第1の近位縁部と第2の近位縁部の画像は、連結反射構造において反射される。
(a)伸長方向を持つ第1の光導波路であって、第1の光導波路は長方形断面を形成する第1の対の平行面及び第2の対の平行面を有しており、ここで、複数の部分反射面が第1の光導波路を少なくとも部分的に横断し、部分反射面は伸長方向に対して斜角であり、第1の光導波路の複数の部分反射面は、部分反射面に対して第1の範囲の角度内で入射する光線にほぼ透過性となるように覆われ、且つ、第2の範囲の角度内で入射する光線に部分的に反射する、第1の光導波路;及び
(b)第1の光導波路に連結され、且つ、角度方向の第1の広がりを持つ第1の画像を第1の光導波路に導入するために配置される、画像投影構造
を含み、
ここで、第1の画像は、第1の光導波路に沿った4回の内反射により進み、それによって、角度方向の第2、第3、及び第4の広がりをそれぞれ持つ、第2、第3、及び第4の共役像を生成し、及び
ここで、角度方向の第1の広がり、及び複数の部分反射面の斜角は、4つの共役像のうち3つに対する角度方向の広がりが全て第1の範囲の角度内の複数の部分反射面上で入射し、且つ4つの共役像のうちわずか1つに対する角度方向の広がりが第2の範囲の角度内の前記複数の部分反射面上で入射するように選択される。
拡張した開口全体で均一の強度を得るために、ビームの導入された最初の開口は均一でなければならず、導波路を「満た」さなければならない。画像中の各点(ピクセル)に対応する光線が導波路の断面全体に存在することを示すために、「充填する」という用語を本文脈で使用する。概念的に、この特性は、万一、導波路(10)が任意の点で横に切断される場合、および、その後、ピンホールを備える不透明なシートが切断された端部の上に置かれる場合、ピンホールを断面のいかなる場所にも置くことができ、結果として完全な投影画像が得られることになるということを暗に示している。実際に、2Dの導波路(10)に関して、これは、4つの完全な画像(a1)、(a2)、(a3)、および(a4)の投影をもたらすことになり、そのうち、(a2)と(a4)は倒像である。
1)光学面(515)からの光は導波路上に直接反射され、(図15の上記の記載と同等の)表面(513)によっては反射されない。
2)トリミング縁部(523)の画像(ビーム521によって画像の最も浅い角度部分について表されている)は、反射表面(513)によってではなく、プリズム(526)の外面によってでもなく、先端を切断されてはならない。
3)表面(528)は導波路表面の連続部でなければならない。
4)二次元の導波路については、上記の条件は導波路の両方の寸法で満たされなければならない。
図1のAとBの構造に係る第1の導波路(10)からの第2の導波路(20)への連結は、2重画像を作成することなく、画質を維持するために導波路の正確な位置合わせを必要とする。特に、図1のA、図3、および図5のDで最も良く例証されているように、第1の導波路(10)の画像の2つの出力画像(a1)と(a2)は第2の導波路(20)へ連結され、導波路(20)に沿って伝播する共役像(b1)と(b2)として互いに入れ替わり始める。優れた質を達成するために、導波路(10)と(20)の外面は、互いに正確に垂直または平行でなければならない。図1のAとBの実施形態によれば、導波路(10)は導波路(20)の上に置かれる。ちなみに、上、下、上部、下部など方向に対して言及がなされるときはいつでも、このような用語は表示のしやすさのためだけに用いられるにすぎず、図面で例証されるような任意の方向を指す。最終的な装置は任意の要求される方向に配置されることもある。さらに、第1の導波路へ画像を導入するための内連結構造と、第1の導波路から第2の導波路に画像を連結するためのカップリングアウト構造の相対的な方向に関する制限はない。
最終的な拡大された開口照射における非均一性は、時に、元の投影画像の開口の不均一な光、またはこの開口の非最適なトリミングに起因する場合がある。本発明のさらなる態様によると、そのような非均一性は、導波路の多重通路構成を実装することよってスムースアウトされ(smoothed-out)得る。
ファセットコーティングの反射特性は、偏光に依存する。この強い依存性は、偏光が一定したままでない場合に、観察者に投影された画像の非均一の強度出力を発生させることができる。それ故、1D導波路で作用させるときの従来の慣例は、導波路表面に垂直な配向で単一の偏光(好ましくはS)を使用して、それらを照射することである。その後、光が1D導波路に沿って伝搬しても、この偏光の配向は変わらない。
第2の導波路(20)の製造に適した技術は一般に知られており、それは、例えば、図32-図36に関連して記載されるように、譲受人の先行特許である米国第6,829,095号に見られ得る。
Claims (9)
- 光学的開口乗算器であって、
(a)透明材料のブロックとして形成された第1の導波路であって、前記第1の導波路は、長方形断面を形成する第1の対の平行面および第2の対の平行面を有し、前記第1の導波路を少なくとも部分的に横断する第1のセットの相互に平行な部分反射内面を含み、前記部分反射面が少なくとも前記第1の対の平行面に対して斜角である、第1の導波路と、
(b)前記第1の導波路に光学的に連結される、透明材料のブロックとして形成された第2の導波路であって、前記第2の導波路は、スラブ型の導波路を形成する第3の対の平行面を有しており、第2のセットの部分反射面は前記第2の導波路を少なくとも部分的に横断し、前記第2のセットの部分反射面が、前記第3の対の平行面に対して斜角である、第2の導波路と、
(c)無限にコリメートされる画像を投影するように構成された画像プロジェクターであって、前記画像を前記第1の導波路へ導入し、前記第1の対の平行面および前記第2の対の平行面における4回の内反射によって前記第1の導波路内で伝播することにより、4つの内反射画像セットを生成するように、前記第1の導波路に光学的に連結された画像プロジェクターとを含み、
前記第1の導波路への光学的連結ならびに前記第1および第2の導波路の前記第1および第2のセットの部分反射面は、前記4つの内反射画像セットの少なくとも1つの強度の一部が、前記部分反射面における反射によって漸進的に偏向され、前記第2の導波路に連結され、前記第2の導波路内で2回の反射によって伝播され、前記画像の強度の一部が前記部分反射面で反射され、可視画像として前記平行面の1つから外側へ向けられるように構成され、
前記第1の導波路内を伝播する前記画像は視野角に広がっており、前記4つの内反射画像のいずれの光も前記第1の対の平行面および前記第2の対の平行面のいずれかまたは前記第1のセットの前記部分反射面に平行ではなく、
前記漸進的に偏向される画像または前記第2の導波路内を伝播するその反射の光は、前記第3の対の平行面または前記第2のセットの部分反射面に平行ではなく、
前記第1のセットの部分反射面は、前記第2の対の平行面に垂直であり、前記第1のセットの部分反射面は、多層誘電体コーティングであって、前記4つの内反射画像の第1の2つの画像の視野角を含む第1の角度範囲内に入射する光に対して実質的に透明であり、前記4つの内反射画像の第2の2つの画像の視野角を含む第2の角度範囲内に入射する光を部分的に反射し、それによって前記第2の2つの画像を漸進的に偏向させて前記第2の導波路に連結させる多層誘電体コーティングを用いて実装される、
ことを特徴とする光学的開口乗算器。 - 前記第2の対の平行面は、前記第3の対の平行面に平行である、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学的開口乗算器。
- 前記第1のセットの部分反射面の反射率は、前記反射画像の伝播方向に沿って増大する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学的開口乗算器。
- 前記第1のセットの部分反射面は、前記第1の対の平行面および前記第2の対の平行面の少なくとも1つの面に隣接した周囲媒体において、前記第1の導波路の材料の臨界角よりも小さい角度で、前記第1の対の平行面の法線に対して傾斜している、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学的開口乗算器。
- 前記第1の導波路は、前記第1の対の平行面または前記第2の対の平行面の間に、それに平行に配置された部分反射内面を更に含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学的開口乗算器。
- 前記画像プロジェクターと前記第1の導波路との間の光学的連結は、前記第1の導波路に一体形成されている、または光学的に連結されている連結プリズムを通して行われ、前記連結プリズムは、前記画像プロジェクターからの射影画像の光軸に垂直な連結面を提示し、前記第1の対の平行面の第1の面と同一平面上の、またはそれに平行な第1の拡張面と、前記第2の対の平行面の第1の面と同一平面上の、またはそれに平行な第2の拡張面とを提供する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学的開口乗算器。
- 前記第1の拡張面は、前記第1の対の平行面の幅よりも大きい、前記第の一導波路の伸長方向に垂直な幅を有し、前記第2の拡張面は、前記第2の対の平行面の幅よりも大きい、前記第1の導波路の伸長方向に垂直な幅を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の光学的開口乗算器。
- 前記連結プリズムは、前記第1の導波路の入口開口部の第1の寸法を画定する第1の遮断縁部と、前記第1の導波路の入口開口部の第2の寸法を画定する第2の遮断縁部とを画定し、前記第1の遮断縁部および前記第2の遮断縁部は同一平面上にはない、ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の光学的開口乗算器。
- 前記連結プリズムは、前記第1の導波路の入口開口部の第1の寸法を画定する第1の遮断縁部と、前記第1の導波路の入口開口部の第2の寸法を画定する第2の遮断縁部とを画定し、前記第1および第2の遮断縁部の少なくとも1つは、前記第1の導波路の伸長方向に斜めに傾斜している、ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の光学的開口乗算器。
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