WO2006061927A1 - 画像表示光学系、画像表示装置、照明光学系、及び液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
画像表示光学系、画像表示装置、照明光学系、及び液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006061927A1 WO2006061927A1 PCT/JP2005/015656 JP2005015656W WO2006061927A1 WO 2006061927 A1 WO2006061927 A1 WO 2006061927A1 JP 2005015656 W JP2005015656 W JP 2005015656W WO 2006061927 A1 WO2006061927 A1 WO 2006061927A1
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- light beam
- optical system
- substrate
- image display
- display
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 144
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 24
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0018—Redirecting means on the surface of the light guide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0081—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0055—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
- G02B2027/0125—Field-of-view increase by wavefront division
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S385/00—Optical waveguides
- Y10S385/901—Illuminating or display apparatus
Definitions
- Image display optical system image display device, illumination optical system, and liquid crystal display device
- the present invention relates to an image display optical system for forming a virtual image of a small image display element such as an LCD in front of an observation eye in an eyeglass display, a head mounted display, a camera, a mobile phone, a binocular, a microscope, a telescope, etc. About.
- the present invention also relates to an image display apparatus equipped with the image display optical system.
- the present invention also relates to an illumination optical system mounted on a liquid crystal display device or the like.
- the present invention also relates to a liquid crystal display device equipped with the illumination optical system.
- Patent Document 1 an optical system having a wide exit pupil and angle of view has been proposed.
- the image display optical system described in FIG. 2 of Patent Document 1 is provided with a plurality of partial reflection surfaces parallel to each other in a transparent substrate.
- a display light beam emitted from an image display element such as a liquid crystal display element is introduced into the substrate in a parallel light beam state.
- the display light beam introduced into the substrate is deflected by the reflecting surface (reference numeral 16 in FIG. 2 of Patent Document 1) and then propagates while being internally reflected from the substrate.
- the display light beam propagating through the substrate is incident on a plurality of partial reflection surfaces (reference numeral 22 in FIG. 2 of Patent Document 1) in order.
- the display light beams incident on the respective partial reflection surfaces at the same angle are deflected by the same angle and emitted to the outside of the substrate.
- exit pupil the area of the image display element. That is, this region functions equivalent to the exit pupil.
- this area this area is called “exit pupil”.
- exit pupil the exit pupil can be easily enlarged by increasing the number of partial reflection surfaces.
- the force in which the display light beam is drawn by a single broken line The actual display light beam includes display light beams at various angles of view.
- the display light flux at each angle of view is introduced into the substrate at different angles, and propagates while being internally reflected from the substrate at different angles. Therefore, the angle of view of the image display optical system is determined by the opening angle of the display light beam propagating through the substrate.
- the propagation path of the display light beam is folded in the substrate, so that the opening angle of the light beam that can propagate through the substrate is larger than when the beam is not folded.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Translation of Special Publication 2003—536102
- FIG. 15 of Patent Document 1 describes a technique for enlarging the angle of view in both the vertical and horizontal directions.
- this technique since it is necessary to arrange a plurality of 45 ° reflection surfaces, the arrangement space increases (that is, the substrate size increases).
- an object of the present invention is to provide an image display optical system capable of enlarging the angle of view both vertically and horizontally while saving space.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-performance image display device that is small in size.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device that is thin but has high performance.
- the image display optical system of the present invention has a prismatic base that is transparent to the display light beam to be projected onto the observation eye, and the display light beam from the outside includes at least one side surface of the base body. Introducing means for guiding the display light beam in a direction in which it can be internally reflected by one surface, and deriving means for guiding the display light beam propagating in the base from the base to the observation eye It is characterized by that.
- the introducing means may be constituted by a reflecting surface that is non-parallel to all the side surfaces on which the display light beam is reflected.
- the lead-out means may be constituted by a plurality of parallel partial reflection surfaces provided inside the base body.
- the derivation means is provided on at least a part of the surface of the substrate to which the display light beam reaches, and is provided on the side of the optical film opposite to the optical film that emits a part of the display light beam to the outside. And a plurality of parallel reflecting surfaces.
- any one of the plurality of reflecting surfaces may be formed of a holographic optical film.
- the derivation means may be constituted by a holographic optical film provided on any side surface of the substrate.
- the image display device of the present invention includes an image display element that emits a display light beam to be projected to the observation eye, and any one of the image display optical systems of the present invention that guides the display light beam to the observation eye. It is provided with.
- any one of the image display devices of the present invention may be provided with mounting means for mounting the image display device on the head of an observer.
- the illumination optical system of the present invention includes a prismatic base body transparent to an illumination light beam for illuminating an illuminated area, and at least three surfaces including the illumination light beam from outside including at least one side surface of the base body. And introducing means for guiding the illumination light beam in a direction in which the inner surface can be reflected, and deriving means for guiding the illumination light beam propagating in the substrate from the substrate to the illuminated area.
- the introducing means may be constituted by a reflecting surface that is non-parallel to all the side surfaces on which the illumination light beam is reflected.
- the lead-out means may be constituted by a plurality of parallel partial reflection surfaces provided inside the base body.
- the derivation means is provided on at least a part of the surface of the substrate to which the illumination light beam reaches, and is provided on the side of the optical film opposite to the optical film that emits a part of the illumination light beam to the outside. And a plurality of parallel reflecting surfaces.
- any one of the plurality of reflecting surfaces may be configured by a holographic optical film.
- the derivation means may be constituted by a holographic optical film provided on any side surface of the substrate.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a light source that emits an illumination light beam for illuminating a liquid crystal panel, and any one of the illumination optical systems of the present invention that guides the illumination light beam to the liquid crystal panel. It is characterized by having.
- an image display optical system capable of enlarging the angle of view in both the vertical and horizontal directions while saving space is realized.
- a high-performance image display apparatus that is small in size is realized.
- an illumination optical system capable of expanding the illumination angle range both vertically and horizontally while saving space is realized.
- FIG. 1 is an external view of an eyeglass display according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an optical system part of the eyeglass display according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the angle of view of the eyeglass display according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an optical system portion of a conventional eyeglass display.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining each component of a display light beam L1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a modification of a plurality of deflection mirrors 1B.
- Fig. 7] is a diagram for explaining a direction vector and a direction cosine.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a method for selecting the arrangement posture of the introduction mirror 1A and the deflection mirror 1B.
- FIG. 9 A graph showing the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film of the first example.
- FIG. 10 A graph showing the angular characteristics of the reflectance with respect to the p-polarized light with a wavelength of 550 nm of the multilayer film of the first example.
- FIG. 11 A graph showing the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film of the second example.
- FIG. 12 A graph showing the angular characteristics of reflectance with respect to p-polarized light having a wavelength of 550 nm of the multilayer film of the second example.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film of the third example.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the angular characteristics of reflectance with respect to p-polarized light having a wavelength of 550 nm of the multilayer film of the third example.
- FIG. 15 A graph showing the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film of the fourth example.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the angular characteristics of reflectance with respect to p-polarized light with a wavelength of 550 nm of the multilayer film of the fourth example.
- FIG. 17 A diagram showing an emission spectrum of a light source of the image display element 2a.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film of the fifth example.
- FIG. 19 is a view showing a modification of the substrate 1.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating the function of the substrate 1 to which the holographic optical film 54 is applied.
- FIG. 22 is an external view of a stereoscopic virtual image display according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 23 It is a diagram for explaining the arrangement angle of the optical system 60 of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a method for acquiring a signal for a 360 ° stereoscopic virtual image display according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is an external view of a 360 ° stereoscopic virtual image display according to a third embodiment.
- Sono 26 is an external view of a liquid crystal display of a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a view for explaining a substrate 1 of a fourth embodiment.
- Introductory Mimirala 11AA is a table showing papararamometers of the arrangement, posture and attitude of 11AA. .
- FIG. 3311 This is a table showing the parallax meter of the table display indicating light beam bundle LL11 which is emitted from the base substrate body 11. .
- FIG. 3366 is a table showing the composition of the multi-layer film ((Eleventh Example)) ((Table 99) "" Base substrate body "was expressed as” “Base substrate plate”. The same applies to other tables.) "). .
- FIG. 3377 is a table showing the composition of a multi-layer film (a twenty-second embodiment example). .
- FIG. 3388 is a table showing the composition of a multi-layer film ((Thirty-third Example)). .
- FIG. 3399 is a table showing the composition of a multi-layer film ((44th working example)). .
- FIG. 4400 is a table showing the composition of a multi-layer film ((the 55th embodiment)). .
- This actual implementation mode is an actual implementation mode of the AIIG Glarus Suspension Spray. .
- FIG. 11 is a view of the external appearance of the main eye glass display. .
- the present eye glazed display has a base substrate body 11, an image-introducing unit 22, a cable pull 44, , Ophthalmoscope mirror frame 33 (corresponding to the loading / unloading means in the claims). .
- the right-right eye for the right-right eye
- the base substrate body 11 is composed of a long parallel rectangular flat plane plate that is transparent and transparent to visible light. .
- Base substrate viewed from front side 11 The shape of is arranged in a rectangle close to a spectacle lens.
- the base 1 is attached to the right front of the spectacle frame 3.
- the image introduction unit 2 is a unit equipped with an optical system.
- the image introduction unit 2 is fixed in the vicinity of the base body 1 (the temple on the right side of the spectacle frame 3) and connected to an external device via the cable 4.
- An image display signal and power are supplied to the external device power image introduction unit 2 via the cable 4.
- Such an eyeglass display is mounted on the observer's head by the spectacle frame 3.
- the front and back surfaces of the substrate 1 are opposed to the right eye of the observer wearing the eyeglass display.
- the XYZ coordinate system in Fig. 1 is a right-handed XYZ orthogonal coordinate system with the left direction of the observer wearing the eyeglass display in the X direction, the upward direction in the Y direction, and the forward direction in the Z direction.
- the display light beam is introduced from the image introduction unit 2 into the lower right region of the base 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the optical system portion of the present eyeglass display.
- Fig. 2 (a) is a perspective view of the optical system part
- Fig. 2 (b) is a schematic sectional view obtained by cutting the optical system part in a plane parallel to the XZ plane
- Fig. 2 (c) is an optical system part.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view obtained by cutting the system part along a plane parallel to the XY plane.
- the upper and lower side faces la ′ and lb ′ of the base body 1 are each processed with the same accuracy as the front and back faces la and lb of the base body 1. It should be noted that the left and right side surfaces of the substrate 1 do not have to be flattened because they are not related to the optical performance of the present eyeglass display.
- the image introduction unit 2 is equipped with an image display element 2a such as an LCD (liquid crystal display element), an object lens 2b, a circuit (not shown), and the like.
- the display light beam L1 made of visible light emitted from each position of the image display element 2a is converted into a parallel light beam in the objective lens 2b.
- the chief ray emitted from the center of the image display element 2a is shown in the entire display light flux.
- the display light beam L1 emitted from the entrance pupil Pin is introduced into the substrate 1.
- An introduction mirror 1A (corresponding to the introduction means in the claims) made of a reflective film is disposed in a region where the display light beam L1 is first incident on the substrate 1.
- the placement orientation of the introduction mirror 1A is optimized so that the propagation path of the display light beam L1 is formed in the substrate 1 (details will be described later.
- FIG. 2 (b) As shown in Fig. 2, the inner surface is alternately reflected by the front and back surfaces la and lb of the substrate 1, and the inner surface is alternately reflected by the upper and lower side surfaces la 'and lb' of the substrate 1 as shown in Fig. 2 (c). Propagate in the + X direction.
- the optical paths of the on-axis rays of the display light beam L1 are each a broken line that exists in a folding screen standing on the XY plane, as indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 2 (a). It becomes a light path.
- a plurality of deflecting mirrors 1B (corresponding to the derivation means in the claims) parallel to each other in the region of the substrate 1 facing the observer's right eye are partially reflected, and there are gaps when viewed from the observer. It is arranged closely so that there is no.
- each deflecting mirror 1B is optimized so that the optical path of the display light beam L is formed between the base 1 and the right eye of the observer (details will be described later).
- Each deflection mirror 1B reflects the display light beam L1 with a predetermined reflectance.
- the display light beam L1 propagated through the substrate 1 is incident on the individual deflecting mirrors 1B, is deflected in the direction of the right eye of the observer, and is emitted to the outside of the substrate 1.
- the individual display light beams L1 deflected by the individual deflecting mirrors 1B are incident on the mutually shifted regions near the observer's right eye.
- the directional force from the outside world (far away from the observer) to the observer's right eye To Penetrate. Further, the external light flux passes through the deflection mirror 1B provided in the base body 1.
- the observer can observe the external image together with the virtual image of the image display element 2a.
- the shape of the exit pupil Pout viewed from the right eye force of the observer is a plurality of shapes viewed from the right eye of the observer. This generally matches the overall shape of the deflection mirror 1B.
- the shape of the exit pupil Pout is also a parallelogram. If necessary, the overall shape of the plurality of deflecting mirrors 1B may be changed to change the shape of the exit pupil Pout.
- the angle of view of this eyeglass display is determined by the angle of view in two directions, that is, the first angle of view a shown in FIG. 2 (b) and the second angle of view b shown in FIG. 2 (c). .
- the first angle of view a is the opening angle when the two principal rays emitted from the outermost pixel of the image display element 2a out of the display light beam L1 propagating through the substrate 1 are projected onto a plane parallel to the XZ plane. Proportional relationship.
- the second angle of view b is the opening when the two principal rays emitted from the outermost pixel of the image display element 2a out of the display light beam L1 propagating through the substrate 1 are projected onto a plane parallel to the YX plane. It is proportional to the angle.
- this eyeglass display is compared with a conventional eyeglass display.
- FIG. 4 shows an optical system portion of a conventional eyeglass display.
- the description method (including symbols) in Figs. 4 (a), (b), and (c) corresponds to that in Fig. 2 (a), (b), and (c) (however, in Fig. 4, the image (Introduction unit 2 is omitted.)
- the propagation path of the display light beam L1 of the conventional eyeglass display is folded between the front and back surfaces la and lb as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b). Therefore, the first angle of view a of the conventional eyeglass display (in this case, the angle of view in the X direction) is determined by the critical angle ⁇ c of the substrate 1.
- the critical angle ⁇ c is approximately 40 °. At this time, the opening angle of the light beam L1 that can propagate through the substrate 1 is maximum. Therefore, the first angle of view a of the conventional eyeglass display can be expanded to 50 °.
- the propagation path of the display light beam L1 of the conventional eyeglass display is not folded between the upper and lower side faces la ′ and lb ′ as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (c). Therefore, the second angle of view b (in this case, the angle of view in the Y direction) of the conventional eyeglass display is determined by the size of the substrate 1 as shown in FIG. Specifically, it is represented by the following formula (1).
- Equation (1) “Ds” is the vertical dimension of the base 1, “d” is the diameter of the entrance pupil Pin, and “L” is the base
- the second field angle b of the conventional eyeglass display does not reach the first field angle a.
- the propagation path of the display light beam L1 of the present eyeglass display is folded between the front and back surfaces la and lb as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b). Therefore, the first angle of view a of the present eyeglass display is determined by the critical angle ⁇ c of the substrate 1.
- the first angle of view a of the present eyeglass display can be expanded to 50 °.
- the propagation path of the display light beam L1 of the present eyeglass display is folded between the upper and lower side faces la 'and lb' as shown in Figs. 2 (a) and 2 (c). Therefore, this eyeglass display
- the second angle of view b can be enlarged by the same amount as the first angle of view a.
- the propagation path of the display light beam L1 is not only folded between the front and back surfaces la and lb, but also between the upper and lower side surfaces la 'and lb'. Without enlarging the size, it is possible to enlarge the second angle of view b by the same amount as the first angle of view a, that is, to enlarge the angle of view both vertically and horizontally.
- the present eyeglass display is the same size as the conventional eyeglass display, the virtual image of the image display element 2a is displayed with a wide angle of view in both the vertical and horizontal directions.
- additional optical films may be provided on those surfaces, If the surface is a diffractive optical surface, a light beam incident at an incident angle smaller than the critical angle ⁇ c of the substrate 1 can be internally reflected by the substrate 1. If the opening angle of the display light beam L1 propagating through the substrate 1 is increased in this way, the field angle of the present eyeglass display can be further increased.
- the angle of view of this eyeglass display is the width of the surface that contributes to internal reflection (that is, the distance between surface 1a and surface lb, the distance between surface la 'and surface lb'). As long as it is larger than the diameter of the base, it is not subject to restrictions on the size and shape of the substrate. Therefore, the size of the base 1 of the eyeglass display is highly flexible.
- the vertical dimension of substrate 1 of this eyeglass display (the distance between surface la 'and surface lb') is larger than the thickness of substrate 1 (the space between surface la and surface lb). Even if it is suppressed to the same extent as the latter, the angle of view of this eyeglass display is not impaired. Therefore, for example, the shape of the substrate 1 can be a rod.
- a rod-like shape means a cross-sectional force S obtained by cutting along a plane parallel to the YZ plane, a regular polygon.
- base body 1 which is (here square).
- the shape of the substrate 1 can be freely selected according to the aesthetics of the eyeglass display, the structure of the spectacle frame 3 to which the substrate 1 is to be attached, and the like.
- the eyeglass display uses a general spectacle frame 3 as a mounting means for mounting the base 1 and the image introduction unit 2 to the head of the observer.
- the step can be changed to an optimum one together with the size and shape of the substrate 1.
- the plurality of deflecting mirrors 1B reflect the display light beam L1 incident on the substrate 1 and form an exit pupil Pout outside the substrate 1.
- the axial ray of the display light beam L1 propagating through the substrate 1 takes one of the directions of the four components LI, LII, LIII, and LIV at any position as shown in FIG.
- the component LI is a component immediately after being reflected by the introduction mirror 1A.
- FIG. 5 shows four components of a certain axial ray of the display light beam L1.
- the deflection to the outside of the substrate 1 needs to be limited to only one specific component.
- each deflecting mirror 1B reflects any one component and transmits the other three components, that is, reflects only visible light incident in a specific incident angle range. Is granted.
- each deflecting mirror 1B is given a characteristic of transmitting an external light flux so as not to obstruct the observation of the external image by the observer.
- the plurality of deflecting mirrors 1B of the present eyeglass display have a force provided inside the base body 1.
- the plurality of deflecting mirrors 1B are arranged outside the base body 1 as shown in FIG. May be provided. Note that the description method (including symbols) in Figs. 6 (a) and (b)
- a substrate 1 'shown in FIG. 6 is provided with a substrate 1' transparent to visible light on the surface la in the same manner as the substrate 1.
- a plurality of deflection mirrors 1B are provided in the substrate 1 ′.
- An optical film 1D is formed at the interface between the base 1 and the substrate 1 ′, and this optical film 1D has a role of causing a part of the display light beam L1 reflected from the inner surface of the substrate 1 to be incident on the substrate 1 ′. It plays the role of making it incident on multiple deflecting mirrors 1B.
- Such an optical film 1D has a property of partially reflecting visible light incident at a relatively large incident angle (incident angle larger than the critical angle ⁇ c) and totally transmitting other visible light. Is granted.
- the optical film ID is constituted by a multilayer film formed by alternately stacking a high refractive index dielectric and a low refractive index dielectric, or a holographic optical film.
- the substrate 1 'shown in FIG. 6 includes a plurality of deflection mirrors.
- a folding mirror 1C is provided in the substrate 1.
- the folding mirror 1C is for folding the display light beam L1 propagating through the substrate 1 in the optical axis direction.
- the plurality of deflecting mirrors 1B ' reflect the reflected display light beam L1 and emit it in the direction of the exit pupil Pout.
- the folding mirror 1C and the deflecting mirror 1B ' it is possible to suppress the unevenness of the light amount of the display light beam L1 depending on the position on the exit pupil Pout, that is, the unevenness of the brightness of the virtual image due to the position on the exit pupil Pout. S can.
- the position of the substrate 1 ′ provided with the deflecting mirror 1B (and the deflecting mirror 1B ′) is on the surface la side (external side) of the substrate 1, but on the surface lb side. (Observer side). Even in this case, by optimizing the posture of the deflecting mirror 1B (and the deflecting mirror 1B '), the display light L1 can be guided to the viewer side and the force S to form the same exit pupil Pout can be achieved. .
- the direction cosine is used as a parameter indicating the direction. First, this direction cosine will be explained.
- ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ , y):
- AI is the direction cosine of the on-axis ray component LI of the display beam LI immediately after being reflected by the introduction mirror 1A, and is a parameter of the direction of the component LI (see Fig. 8).
- AII (H, — ⁇ , y):
- ⁇ is the direction cosine of the component LII of the on-axis ray of the display beam L1, and is the parameter of the component LII.
- ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ,- ⁇ ):
- ⁇ is the direction cosine of the component LIII of the on-axis ray of the display beam L1, and is the direction cosine of the component LIII. It is a parameter.
- AIV ( ⁇ , — ⁇ '- ⁇ ):
- AIV is the direction cosine of the component LIV of the on-axis ray of the display light beam L1, and is the direction of the component LIV. It is a parameter.
- the relationship between the parameters, All, AIII, and AIV is that if the axial ray of the display beam L1 is reflected by one of the surfaces la 'or lb', the sign of the direction cosine component is inverted, and When the light beam is reflected by either surface la or lb, the sign of component ⁇ of the direction cosine is reversed.
- A is a cosine of the optical axis of the display light beam LI incident on the substrate 1, and is a parameter of the display light beam L1 incident on the substrate 1 (see FIG. 8).
- ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ , y):
- A is the direction cosine of the normal of introduction mirror 1A, and is a parameter of introduction mirror 1A (
- ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , or AIV:
- A is the direction cosine of the on-axis ray of the display beam L1 propagating through the substrate 1, and propagates through the substrate 1. This is the parameter of the on-axis ray of the displayed light beam LI (see Fig. 8).
- a m is the normal of the direction cosine of the deflection mirror IB, which is a parameter of the deflection mirror 1B (see FIG. 8).
- ⁇ ' ( ⁇ ', ⁇ ', ⁇ '):
- a ′ is the direction cosine of the on-axis light beam of the display light beam LI emitted from the substrate 1 to the observer's eye, and is a parameter of the display light beam L1 emitted from the substrate 1 (see FIG. 8).
- ⁇ is the projection of the on-axis ray of the display beam L1 propagating through the substrate 1 onto the XY plane.
- the parameter ⁇ of the displayed light beam L1 that is, the component LI immediately after being reflected by the introduction mirror 1A is ⁇
- ⁇ is an angle formed by the axial ray of the display light beam L1 propagating through the substrate 1 and the Z axis.
- I a parameter of the display light beam L1 propagating through.
- ⁇ is the incident angle of the on-axis ray of the display light beam L1 with respect to the introduction mirror 1A.
- ⁇ is the angle formed by the axis of intersection force between introduction mirror 1 A and the XY plane, and introduction mirror 1
- ⁇ is an angle formed by the introduction mirror 1A with the XY plane, and the placement posture of the introduction mirror 1A is
- ⁇ is the incident angle of the axial ray of the display light beam L1 incident on the deflecting mirror 1B.
- ⁇ is the angle formed by the crossing force 3 ⁇ 4 axis between the deflecting mirror 1B and the XY plane, and the deflecting mirror 1B mXY-X
- ⁇ is an angle formed by the deflecting mirror 1B with the XY plane, and mZ of the arrangement posture of the deflecting mirror 1B.
- parameter A for the position and orientation of introduction mirror 1 A depends on the display light incident on substrate 1.
- Parameter L of bundle L1 and display light flux L1 immediately after being reflected by introduction mirror 1 A This is done based on A (ie AI) and equations (2) and (3).
- A (-A + A) / (2cos ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (2)
- Equation (3) can be modified as shown in equation (3 ′).
- the selection of the deflection mirror IB placement attitude parameter A m is considered in the same way, and the parameter A of the display light beam L1 incident on the deflection mirror 1B (that is, any force of ⁇ , ⁇ , AIII, AIV and the base 1 This is performed based on the parameter A ′ of the display light beam L1 emitted from and the following equations (4) and (5).
- A (-A + A ') / (2cos ⁇ ).
- the axial ray of the display light beam LI is composed of any one of the four components (LI to LIV) at any position, and only one component of the force is reflected on the deflection mirror 1B with a predetermined reflectance. In addition, all the other three components are transmitted.
- the multilayer film is It cannot be designed.
- the parameter A of the display light beam L1 incident on the substrate 1 is (1, 1, 0), and the parameter A ′ of the display light beam L1 emitted from the substrate 1 is (0, 0, ⁇ 1).
- This meter was selected in consideration of the positional relationship between the substrate 1 and the image unit 2 and the positional relationship between the substrate 1 and the right eye of the observer.
- the parameters ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) of the introduction mirror 1A are unambiguous to (45 °, 22.5 °).
- the parameters ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) of the deflection mirror 1B are selected from the following four types Is possible.
- each parameter selected as described above is tabulated as shown in FIGS.
- the components LI, LII, LIII, and LIV are expressed as “light ray I”, “light ray II”, “light ray III”, and “light ray IV”, respectively.
- FIG. 28 is a table showing parameters of the display light beam L1 incident on the substrate 1. Inside the dotted frame is parameter ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (the cosine of the optical axis of the display beam L1).
- FIG. 29 is a table showing the parameters of the display light beam L1 immediately after being reflected by the introduction mirror 1A. Inside the dotted frame is the parameter AI (the direction cosine of the display beam L1).
- FIG. 30 is a table showing parameters of the arrangement posture of the introduction mirror 1A.
- the inside of the dotted frame is parameter A (direction cosine of the normal of introduction mirror 1A).
- FIG. 31 is a table showing parameters of the display light beam L1 emitted from the substrate 1.
- the dotted frame internal force S-parameter A ' (the direction cosine of the display beam L1).
- FIG. 32 is a table showing parameters of the arrangement posture of the deflection mirror 1B for emitting the component LI of the display light beam L1 to the outside of the substrate 1.
- the inside of the dotted frame is parameter A (direction cosine of the normal of deflection mirror 1 B ).
- FIG. 33 is a table showing parameters of the arrangement posture of the deflection mirror 1B for emitting the component LII of the display light beam L1 to the outside of the substrate 1.
- the inside of the dotted frame is parameter A (direction cosine of the normal of deflection mirror 1 B ).
- FIG. 34 is a table showing parameters of the arrangement posture of the deflection mirror 1B for emitting the component LIII of the display light beam L1 to the outside of the substrate 1.
- the dotted frame is parameter A (deflection mirror: LB normal m
- FIG. 35 is a table showing parameters of the arrangement posture of the deflection mirror 1B for emitting the component LIV of the display light beam L1 to the outside of the substrate 1.
- the dotted frame is parameter A (deflection mirror: LB normal m
- FIG. 32, FIG. 33, FIG. 34, and FIG. 35 are compared to narrow down to the optimum one.
- the optimum is that the incident angle of light to be reflected with a predetermined reflectance and the incident angle of light to be transmitted are completely separated.
- the incident angles of the four components LI, LII, LIU, and LIV on the deflection mirror 1B are the following four angles.
- the incident angles of the four components LI, LII, LIII, and LIV on the deflecting mirror 1B are the following four angles.
- the incident angles of the four components LI, LII, LIII, and LIV to the deflecting mirror 1B are the following four angles.
- the incident angles of the four components LI, LII, LIII, and LIV on the deflecting mirror 1B are the following four angles.
- the characteristics to be imparted to this multilayer film are that the visible light incident at an incident angle of 22.5 ° is reflected at a predetermined reflectance, and the visible light incident at an incident angle of 49.21 ° and 57.5 ° is transmitted. To do.
- the parameters shown in FIG. 33 are data on the on-axis light beam of the display light beam L1, but the actual display light beam L1 includes each light beam having an opening angle corresponding to the angle of view. Therefore, it is taken into consideration when designing a multilayer film.
- the characteristics to be imparted to the multilayer film are that it has sufficient reflectivity with respect to a visible light beam incident at an incident angle of about 22.5 ° (a light beam having an opening angle corresponding to the angle of view) and is incident. It has sufficient transmittance for visible light flux (light flux with an opening angle corresponding to the angle of view) incident at angles of about 49 ° and 67.5 ° (hereinafter the angle of view is 10 °). To do.)
- the display light beam L1 is linearly polarized. Therefore, by inserting a polarizing plate into the display light beam L1, the display light beam L1 is limited to only p-polarized light. The display light beam L1 can be limited to only s-polarized light.
- this multilayer film is given optimum characteristics when the display light beam L1 is limited to p-polarized light.
- each deflecting mirror 1B may be set to an individual value so that the amount of light of each display light beam L1 reflected by each deflecting mirror 1B is made uniform.
- a multilayer film used for one of the deflection mirrors 1B will be described.
- Wavelength band Visible wide range (400nm ⁇ 700nm)
- the typical configuration of a polarizing beam splitter is as follows.
- L Low refractive index layer (L layer)
- the second configuration was used, and four layer groups having different film thicknesses were used to expand the reflection band.
- Refractive index of substrate 1 1. 56,
- Design center wavelength ⁇ c 450 nm
- the configuration of the multilayer film of the present example is as follows.
- FIG. 36 shows the structure of this multilayer film (in FIG. 36, “substrate” is expressed as “substrate”. The same applies to other tables).
- FIG. 9 shows the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of this multilayer film. Figure 9 shows the characteristics for p-polarized light with an incident angle of 22.5 °, the characteristics for p-polarized light with an incident angle of 49.2 °, and the characteristics for p-polarized light with an incident angle of 67.5 °.
- Figure 10 shows the angle characteristics of the reflectance of this multilayer film for p-polarized light with a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the film thickness of each layer was optimized by a computer and improved (flattening of reflectivity).
- FIG. 37 shows the configuration of this multilayer film.
- Figure 11 shows the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of this multilayer film.
- Figure 11 shows the characteristics for p-polarized light with an incident angle of 22.5 °, the characteristics for p-polarized light with an incident angle of 49.2 °, and the characteristics for p-polarized light with an incident angle of 67.5 °.
- Figure 12 shows the angular characteristics of the reflectance of this multilayer film for p-polarized light with a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the multilayer film of the second example was further improved to try to reduce the number of layers.
- a material having a high refractive index was used for the H layer.
- FIG. 38 shows the structure of this multilayer film.
- FIG. 13 shows the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of this multilayer film.
- Figure 13 shows the characteristics for p-polarized light with an incident angle of 22.5 °, the characteristics for p-polarized light with an incident angle of 49.2 °, and the characteristics for p-polarized light with an incident angle of 67.5 °.
- FIG. 14 shows the angular characteristics of the reflectance of this multilayer film with respect to p-polarized light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
- Refractive index of substrate 1 1. 56,
- FIG. 39 shows the configuration of this multilayer film.
- Figure 15 shows the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of this multilayer film.
- Figure 15 shows the characteristics for p-polarized light with an incident angle of 22.5 °, the characteristics for p-polarized light with an incident angle of 49.2 °, and the characteristics for p-polarized light with an incident angle of 67.5 °.
- Figure 16 shows the angular characteristics of the reflectance of this multilayer film for p-polarized light with a wavelength of 550 nm.
- an optimum multilayer film is designed when the wavelength component contained in the display light beam L1 is limited to a specific wavelength component.
- the display light beam L1 can be regarded as only three wavelength components corresponding to the peaks.
- the wavelength components to be reflected by the multilayer film of this embodiment are limited to only the three wavelength components, the light quantity of the display light beam L1 for forming a virtual image is hardly impaired.
- a multilayer film was designed in which the wavelength components to be reflected were limited to only three wavelength components.
- Refractive index of substrate 1 1. 56,
- Design center wavelength ⁇ c 450 nm
- FIG. 40 shows the configuration of this multilayer film.
- FIG. 18 shows the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of this multilayer film.
- Figure 18 shows the characteristics for p-polarized light at an incident angle of 22.5 °, the characteristics for p-polarized light at an incident angle of 49.2 °, and the characteristics for p-polarized light at an incident angle of 67.5 °.
- cross section of the substrate 1 of the present eyeglass display is a rectangle (square).
- the cross section of the substrate 1 may be a triangle as shown in FIG. 19 (a).
- the display light beam L1 propagates through the substrate 1 by a force S that is not internally reflected by three surfaces as indicated by arrows in FIG. 19 (a), for example.
- the components of the display light beam L1 are the three components LI, LII, and LIII.
- the cross section of the substrate 1 may be another quadrangle as shown in FIG. 19 (b). In that case, for example, as shown in FIG. 19B, the display light beam L1 propagates through the substrate 1 while being internally reflected by four surfaces. At this time, the components of the display light beam L1 are the four components LI, LII, LIII, and LIV.
- the cross section of the substrate 1 may be a pentagon as shown in FIG. 19 (c).
- the display light beam L1 propagates through the substrate 1 while being internally reflected by five surfaces as shown in FIG. 19 (c), for example.
- the components of the display light beam L1 are the five components LI, LII, LIII, LIV, and LV.
- a deflection mirror (not shown) is provided on the base 1 so that the display light beam L1 propagating through the base 1 shown in FIGS. 19 (a) to 19 (c) is emitted from any one of these faces. Yes.
- the introduction mirror 1A is arranged in the substrate 1 so that the display beam L1 is internally reflected
- the deflection mirror 1B is arranged in the substrate 1 or on the surface of the substrate 1 so that the display beam L1 is emitted outside the substrate 1. In this way, an eyeglass display with the same function as this eyeglass display will be realized.
- the base 1 (see Fig. 2) of this eyeglass display, the base 1 shown in Fig. 19 (b) and the like are parallel to each other, so that the observer's eyes (observing eyes) ) And the outside world (side surface of the substrate 1) can be made parallel to increase the visibility of the outside world.
- the introduction mirror 1A shown in FIG. 2 uses a holographic optical film instead of a multilayer film.
- the deflection mirror 1B shown in FIG. 2 uses a holographic optical film instead of a multilayer film.
- a holographic optical film that performs the same function as these can be used. In that case, substrate 1 'is not required.
- the substrate 1 ′ is not necessary.
- an exposure optical system as shown in FIG. 20 is used for manufacturing this holographic optical film.
- the reference numeral 51 indicates a laser light source
- the reference BS indicates a beam splitter
- the reference M indicates a mirror
- the reference 53 indicates a beam expander
- the reference 54 indicates. It is a photosensitive material.
- FIG. 21 is a conceptual diagram showing the substrate 1 on which the holographic optical film 54 is formed and the state of the display light beam propagating through the substrate 1.
- the holographic optical film 54 is provided on the surface la of the substrate 1.
- the holographic optical film 54 diffracts a display light beam (Lin) that propagates by being reflected from the inner surface of the substrate 1 and converts it into a light beam (Lout) that is emitted to the outside of the substrate 1.
- the holographic optical film 54 can control the emission direction of the display light beam.
- This embodiment is an embodiment of a large three-dimensional virtual image display.
- FIG. 22 is an external view of this stereoscopic virtual image display.
- the stereoscopic virtual image display includes a plurality of image display optical systems 60 each including the base 1 and the image introduction unit 2 of the eyeglass display according to the first embodiment.
- the base 1 is provided with an introduction mirror 1A and a plurality of deflection mirrors 1B in a predetermined relationship.
- each image display optical system 60 of the present embodiment has a rod shape that is thin in the left and right direction and long in the vertical direction as viewed from the observer.
- the image introduction unit 2 is connected to one end of the base 1.
- the plurality of image display optical systems 60 are arranged side by side in front of the observer.
- the exit pupils of the individual image display optical systems 60 are formed side by side in the left-right direction on the viewer side.
- the left and right eyes of the observer are arranged in any of the areas where the exit pupil is formed.
- An image supply device 61 is connected to each image display optical system 60.
- the image supply device 61 outputs an L Ch image signal to be displayed on the left eye of the observer and an R—Ch image signal to be displayed on the right eye of the observer.
- the L Ch image and the R—Ch image are stereo images (stereoscopic images).
- the L Ch image signal is input to every other image display optical system 60 arranged.
- Each of these image display optical systems 60 forms a virtual image of the L Ch image at a predetermined distance behind the image display optical system 60.
- R—Ch image signals are input to the remaining image display optical systems 60, respectively.
- Each of these image display optical systems 60 forms a virtual image of the R—Ch image at a position at a predetermined distance behind the image display optical system 60.
- the virtual image of Ch image and R_Ch image can be observed.
- Each image display optical system 60 includes the base 1 and the image introduction unit 2 described in the first embodiment, and thus the observer can be both vertically and horizontally even though the base 1 is in the shape of an elongated bar. A virtual image can be observed with a wide angle of view.
- the image display optical system 60 for displaying the L Ch image and the image display optical system 60 for displaying the R-Ch image are arranged at angles different from each other by ⁇ c.
- This angle ⁇ c is made to coincide with the convergence angle when the observer visually observes the object existing at the predetermined distance with both eyes.
- the observer can observe the L-Ch image with the left eye and the R-Ch image with the right eye. Therefore, a clear stereoscopic virtual image can be observed.
- an eye arrangement range for an observer to observe a stereoscopic virtual image can be expanded. Also, multiple observers can observe the same stereoscopic image at the same time.
- This embodiment is an embodiment of a 360 ° stereoscopic virtual image display.
- a method for acquiring a signal to be supplied to the stereoscopic virtual image display will be described.
- a signal as shown in FIG. 24, an object is photographed at each of n types of positions equidistant from a certain object.
- Each of the n types of positions is a position obtained by equally dividing 360 ° around the object into n pieces.
- n image signals (1 Ch image signal, 2 — Ch image signal, ⁇ ' ⁇ ⁇ —
- Ch image signal is recorded. Note that the number of divisions n is set to a sufficiently large value so that a 360 ° stereoscopic virtual image to be described later can be continuously observed.
- FIG. 25 is an external view of the stereoscopic virtual image display.
- the stereoscopic virtual image display includes n image display optical systems 60 each including the substrate 1 and the image introduction unit 2 of the eyeglass display according to the first embodiment. It is done.
- the base 1 is provided with an introduction mirror 1A and a plurality of deflection mirrors 1B in a predetermined relationship.
- each image display optical system 60 has a rod shape that is thin from side to side and long from top to bottom as viewed from the observer.
- the image introduction unit 2 is connected to one end of the base 1.
- image display optical systems 60 are arranged in a cylindrical shape in front of the observer. Individual image display optics
- the 60 exit pupils are formed side by side outside the cylinder. The left and right eyes of the observer are placed on either exit pupil.
- a controller 62 is connected to each image display optical system 60.
- the controller 62 outputs n signals (l_Ch image signal, 2_Ch image signal,..., N_Ch image signal) recorded in advance.
- the n signals are individually input to the n image display optical systems 60.
- Each of these image display optical systems 60 forms a virtual image of 1 Ch image, 2 Ch image,..., N_Ch image at the center position of the cylinder.
- each image display optical system 60 includes the base body 1 and the image introduction unit 2 described in the first embodiment, the observer can move from any position even though the base body 1 is in the shape of an elongated bar. However, it is possible to observe a virtual image with a wide angle of view both vertically and horizontally.
- a 360 ° stereoscopic virtual image of a still image can be observed by using a still image signal
- a 360 ° stereoscopic virtual image of a moving image can be observed by using a moving image signal.
- This embodiment is an embodiment of a liquid crystal display.
- FIG. 26 is an external view of the present liquid crystal display.
- the present liquid crystal display is equipped with a liquid crystal panel 80 and an illumination optical system 70 that illuminates it from the back.
- the illumination optical system 70 includes any one of the base 1 of the eyeglass display according to the first embodiment and the illumination optical system 70. It consists of a light unit 2 '.
- the substrate 1 includes, for example, an introduction mirror 1A and a plurality of deflection mirrors 1
- the substrate 1 of the present embodiment has a plate shape that is large in the vertical and horizontal directions and thin in the depth direction when viewed from the observer.
- the introduction mirror 1A is arranged at one of the four corners as shown in FIG.
- a plurality of deflection mirrors 1B are arranged side by side over substantially the entire surface.
- the illumination unit 2 ′ emits an illumination light beam for illuminating each position of the liquid crystal panel 80 toward the introduction mirror 1A.
- the illumination light beam propagates while reflecting from the inner surface of the base 1, and is deflected toward the outside of the base 1 by a plurality of deflection mirrors 1B. Illuminate each position on the entire surface.
- the opening angle of the illumination light beam that illuminates the liquid crystal panel 80 depends on the display light beam L of the first embodiment.
- each position of the liquid crystal panel 80 is illuminated with an illumination light beam in a wide angular range both vertically and horizontally.
- the present liquid crystal display is a high-performance liquid crystal display that is thin but has a wide angle range in both the vertical and horizontal directions and allows an observer to view images.
- This liquid crystal display can be used for a variety of purposes, including televisions, mobile phones, and personal computer displays.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2006547651A JP5282358B2 (ja) | 2004-12-06 | 2005-08-29 | 画像表示光学系及び画像表示装置 |
US11/792,218 US7778508B2 (en) | 2004-12-06 | 2005-08-29 | Image display optical system, image display unit, illuminating optical system, and liquid crystal display unit |
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JP2004353006 | 2004-12-06 |
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US20080094586A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
US7778508B2 (en) | 2010-08-17 |
JP5282358B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
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