WO2009117870A1 - 利用单显示芯片的眼镜式显示装置 - Google Patents

利用单显示芯片的眼镜式显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009117870A1
WO2009117870A1 PCT/CN2008/070594 CN2008070594W WO2009117870A1 WO 2009117870 A1 WO2009117870 A1 WO 2009117870A1 CN 2008070594 W CN2008070594 W CN 2008070594W WO 2009117870 A1 WO2009117870 A1 WO 2009117870A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
chip
display device
lens
type display
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PCT/CN2008/070594
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈云亮
李铁才
邱祥辉
Original Assignee
深圳航天科技创新研究院
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Priority to PCT/CN2008/070594 priority Critical patent/WO2009117870A1/zh
Publication of WO2009117870A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009117870A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
    • G02B27/149—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only using crossed beamsplitting surfaces, e.g. cross-dichroic cubes or X-cubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0009—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having refractive surfaces only
    • G02B19/0014—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having refractive surfaces only at least one surface having optical power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
    • G02B19/0052—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a laser diode
    • G02B19/0057—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a laser diode in the form of a laser diode array, e.g. laser diode bar
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
    • G02B27/144—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only using partially transparent surfaces without spectral selectivity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
    • G02B2027/0136—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems with a single image source for both eyes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an optical imaging system and to an eyeglass-type display device that uses a single microdisplay chip to form a dual image and has a large field of view and a large exit pupil size. Background technique
  • the function of the glasses display device is to magnify the image generated by the micro display chip (such as LCD, LCOS or OLED) into a virtual image for viewing by the human eye, wherein LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is liquid crystal display, OLED (Organic Light Emitting) Diode) is an organic light emitting diode, and LCOS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) is a reflective silicon based liquid crystal.
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • OLED Organic Light Emitting
  • LCOS Liquid Crystal on Silicon
  • the entire display device is worn in a position very close to the human eye, and has the advantages of portability, mobility, and the like.
  • the glasses-type display device is required to have a small volume and a light weight as much as possible while ensuring sufficient image quality and sufficient visual magnification.
  • the glasses-type display device can be used not only in the military field to meet the needs of real-time observation of images, but also widely used in the field of civilian multimedia audio-visual. Due to its wide market application prospects, many research institutes and companies have invested heavily in eyeglass display technology, and various eyeglass display technology solutions have emerged.
  • a variety of eyeglass display technology solutions are provided in U.S. Patent No. 5,715,377, US 5,886,822, US 6,023,372, and US 6,091,546.
  • One solution is to enlarge the optical image generated by the micro display chip through the optical system, and then conduct the image to the human eye for observation by the light guiding device, wherein the image can be transmitted to the side or the front side of the pupil, in this scheme, Reducing the size of the display device reduces the field of view of the display and therefore does not provide a large display size.
  • Another solution is realized by a transflective prism.
  • the volume of such a display device increases sharply with the human eye's observable range (outlet size) and field of view, so it is only suitable for small field of view and low resolution.
  • Rate display eg 11 degree horizontal field of view, 320 X 240 resolution).
  • a display system that magnifies an image using an off-axis free-form prism is provided in US Patent Nos. 6,028,708, US 6,097,354, US 5,436,765, US 5,959,780, and US 6,317,267.
  • High optical quality and high resolution can be achieved in these solutions, but if you want to achieve a larger exit size and a larger field of view, you also need to increase the size and weight of the display device.
  • the optical system is off-axis, the system design is difficult, the distortion is difficult to eliminate (3%), and the non-axisymmetric free-form surface processing is also very difficult.
  • the present invention is to solve the problem that the size and weight must be increased when the field of view and the size of the exit pupil are increased in the conventional glasses-type display device, and two enlarged images are provided for use by a single display chip.
  • the left eye and the right eye are separately observed, thereby providing a thin and light type glasses display device which is low in cost and has a large field of view, a large exit pupil size, and supports high resolution.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solution: constructing a single-chip glasses type display device, including a micro display chip, and an optical lens group for amplifying the image generated by the micro display chip, The light output from the optical lens group is separated to separate the single image into two image splitting coupling units, and the light output from the spectral coupling unit is transmitted to the first light conducting plate of the left eye and the right eye of the user respectively.
  • the second light guiding plate wherein the micro display chip, the optical lens group, and the optical coupling unit are sequentially disposed along a light propagation direction; the first and second light conducting plates are located at two sides of the optical coupling unit, and They are perpendicular to the viewing axes of the left and right eyes of the user, respectively; the axes of the optical lens groups are parallel to the viewing axes of the left and right eyes of the user.
  • the splitting coupling unit in the present invention may include first and second prisms respectively located at the upper and lower portions, both of which are triangular prism structures, and the two triangular prisms have similar or identical two isosceles triangles.
  • the two waist sides of the upper isosceles triangle are respectively connected with the two waist sides of the lower isosceles triangle into two a straight line intersecting each other; wherein an upper surface of the first prism is flush with an upper surface of the first and second light-conducting plates, and a lower surface of the second prism is flat with a lower surface of the first and second light-conducting plates
  • a third and fourth prisms respectively located at the left and right portions, wherein a left side surface of the third prism faces the right side of the first light conducting plate, and a right side surface of the fourth prism and the second light conducting plate The left side faces the joint; among the four prisms, adjacent surfaces of the adjacent two prisms are in close contact with each other, and each surface of each pris
  • the third and fourth prisms of the spectral coupling unit are preferably symmetrical to each other; and the angle between the two intersecting straight lines formed on the left and right is preferably 20 to 40 degrees.
  • the reflectance of each surface of each of the prisms may be 50%.
  • the optical lens group of the present invention may include a first lens, a second lens, and a third lens for focusing a light beam and eliminating chromatic aberration, and for deflecting the chief ray to be perpendicular to the micro a fourth lens that displays the chip and eliminates distortion; the first, second, third, and fourth lenses are sequentially placed in a direction from the spectral coupling unit to the microdisplay chip.
  • the first, third, and fourth lenses are preferably even aspherical convex lenses, and the second lens is a spherical biconcave lens.
  • the first, third, and fourth lenses may be made of PMMA, C0C or COP resin, the refractive index of the resin material is 1. 4 ⁇ 1.
  • the second lens is made of a flint glass material, and the refractive index of the glass material is 1. 6 ⁇ 1. 9, the Abbe number is 20 ⁇ 40.
  • the distance between the micro display chip and the fourth lens may be 3mn! ⁇ 10 legs; the total length between the micro display chip and the first lens should be less than 50mm; the distance between the viewing position of the left and right eyes of the user and the light conducting plate can be 10mn! ⁇ 25mm.
  • each of the light-conducting flat plates is an optical flat plate formed by combining a plurality of partial reflecting surfaces, and has a thickness of 2mn! ⁇ 3mm ; the angle between each of the partial reflection surfaces and the bottom surface of the light-conducting plate is 25 degrees to 45 degrees, and the reflectivity of each of the partial reflection surfaces is 20% to 30%.
  • the optical lens group is used to amplify the image generated by the micro display chip, and then the light output from the optical lens group is separated by the spectral coupling unit to separate the single image into two images. Recoupling into the light-conducting plate, and then using the light-conducting plate The large image is transmitted to the left and right eyes of the user for viewing by the user.
  • the splitting coupling unit separates a single image from a single micro display chip amplified by the optical lens group into two images, and the optical conductive plate can expand the size of the pupil. Since the light conducting plate is very thin, the entire display device has a single chip and dual image. The characteristics of large field of view, large exit pupil size and large eye point distance; at the same time, the difficulty of processing each lens in the optical lens group makes the production cost and reliability are guaranteed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a single-chip glasses type display device in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a left side view of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the optical lens unit shown in FIG. 1 after being unfolded;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the operation of the split coupling unit shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the operation of the light-conducting plate shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the operation of the optical lens unit shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the image quality of the glasses type display device shown in Figure 1, showing field curvature and distortion;
  • Fig. 8 is another schematic diagram of the image quality, showing a dot map of each field of view.
  • 1 is a micro display chip
  • 2 is a lens group
  • 21, 22, 23, 24 are first, second, third, and fourth lenses
  • 3 is a splitting coupling unit
  • 31 is a light splitting unit incident light
  • 32, 33 For a partially reflective film with a reflectance of 50%, 4, 5 are light-conducting plates (abbreviated as light guide plates), 41 is incident light from a spectral coupling unit, 42 is a partially reflective surface, and 6, 7 are left and right eyes of the user.
  • 8 is the axis of the lens group, and 9, 10 are the left and right eye axes of the user.
  • the structure of the single-chip glasses type display device is as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
  • 1 and 2 show the overall structure of the optical lens unit 2
  • Fig. 3 shows that the optical lens unit 2 is composed of four lenses in particular.
  • the distance between the micro display chip 1 and the fourth lens 24 may be 3 mm to 10 mm, which is 5 mm in this embodiment; the micro display chip and the first lens 21
  • the total length between them should be less than 50 mm, which is 49 mm in this embodiment ; the distance between the viewing position of the left and right eyes 6, 7 of the user and the light-conducting plates 4, 5 is 10 mm to 25 mm, which is in this embodiment 15mm.
  • the single-chip glasses display device has a size of 15 mm X 8 mm and a half field of view of 15 degrees X 9 degrees.
  • Fig. 4 shows that the spectral coupling unit produces a spectroscopic effect.
  • the splitting coupling unit includes first and second prisms respectively located at the upper and lower portions, both of which are triangular prism structures, and the cross sections of the two triangular prisms are similar (also the same) two isosceles triangles, and the upper portion and the like
  • the two waist sides of the waist triangle are respectively connected with the two waist sides of the lower isosceles triangle to form two intersecting straight lines; wherein the upper surface of the first prism is flush with the upper surface of the light conducting plates 4, 5, and the lower side of the second prism The surface is flush with the lower surface of the light-conducting plates 4, 5;
  • the split-light coupling unit further includes third and fourth prisms respectively located at the left and right portions, wherein the left side of the third prism faces the right side of the light-conducting plate 4 The right side of the fourth prism is in contact with the left side of the light-conducting plate 5; among the four prisms, adjacent surfaces of two adjacent prisms are in close contact with each other, and each surface
  • the third and fourth prisms of the optical coupling unit are mutually symmetrical; the angle between the two intersecting straight lines on the left and right sides is preferably 20 to 40 degrees, and is 38 degrees in this embodiment. And the reflectance of each surface of each prism can be 50%.
  • any light emitted from the image is incident into the spectroscopic coupling unit, and 31 is used to indicate one of the rays.
  • the light After the light enters the splitting coupling unit, it is partially reflected by 32 and 33 respectively.
  • the 32 reflecting surface reflects the light to the right
  • 33 reflects the light to the left
  • the reflected light of 32 and 33 enters the light conducting plate. Since both 32 and 33 are partial reflection planes with a reflectivity of 50%, under the action of 32 and 33, the incident ray 31 is separated into two left and right rays, which is also the effect on other rays.
  • an image After passing through the spectral coupling unit 3, an image is decomposed into two identical images and coupled into the light conducting plate for transmission. Fig.
  • the light-conducting plate is an optical plate formed by combining a plurality of partial reflecting surfaces; wherein an angle between each of the partial reflecting surfaces and the bottom surface of the light-conducting plate is 25 degrees to 45 degrees, and a reflectivity of each of the partial reflecting surfaces is 20 % ⁇ 30%.
  • Each of the partial reflecting surfaces 42 functions to partially reflect the light beam incident thereon. Specifically, for any part of the reflective surface 42 of the light-conducting plate, the partially reflected light of the incident light 41 is perpendicular to the surface of the light-conducting plate, and is coupled out of the conductive plate 4 due to the failure to satisfy the total reflection condition, and is irradiated to the left of the user. Eye and right eye 6; transmitted light continues to travel in the light conducting plate to the next partially reflective surface due to total reflection.
  • the partial reflecting surfaces 42 are arranged in a horizontal array, so that the reflected light is also repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction. That is, the width of the incident beam 41 is expanded in the horizontal direction.
  • the light-conducting plate can greatly expand the observable range of the beam, so that the virtual image formed by the lens group is separated by the spectral coupling unit and transmitted to the left and right eyes of the user for observation and simultaneous expansion. Observable range.
  • the optical coupling unit and the light-conducting plate are made of the same material and can be made of colorless optical glass or optical plastic.
  • k9 glass is used (other grades of optical glass can also be used). After k9 glass is ground into the shape shown in the figure, a partially reflective aluminum film is vapor-deposited thereon, and bonded to obtain a spectral coupling unit and light transmission. flat.
  • an optical plastic is used, and the optical plastic is pressed into a shape as shown in the drawing, a partially reflective aluminum film is vapor-deposited thereon, and bonded to obtain a spectral coupling unit and a light-conducting plate. Both methods can be used to achieve the functions described in this patent, but plastic molding is more suitable for mass production.
  • the optical system adopts a reverse design, that is, the light is emitted by the user's left and right eyes (left:), passes through the light-conducting plate, the split-light coupling unit, and then sequentially passes through the fourth lens. 24.
  • the third lens 23, the second lens 22, and the first lens 21 are finally imaged on the plane of the microdisplay chip 1. Since the parallel beam propagates in the light-conducting plate without any aberration, the ideal reflecting surface does not produce aberrations.
  • the aperture stop is set at the left and right eyes of the user (left:), the size is set to 60mmX 8mm ; An additional aperture is placed at 8.1 mm to the left of the mirror 21 to limit the aperture size of the beam in the horizontal direction.
  • the first lens 21 may be made of a resin material such as PMMA, COC or COP.
  • the resin material has a refractive index of 1.4 to 1.6 and an Abbe number of 56 to 58.
  • the second lens 22 may have a refractive index of 1.6. ⁇ 1.9, made of flint glass having an Abbe number of 20 to 40; the third lens 23 is made of the same material as the first lens.
  • the first, second, and third lenses constitute a front group lens, and focus light from the left eye and the right eye of the user, wherein the combination of different material lenses provides the possibility of eliminating the chromatic aberration of magnification, and the chromatic aberration of the display device can be reduced.
  • Other aberrations of the display device such as spherical aberration, coma, etc. are corrected by the arrangement of the respective optical surfaces of the lens group.
  • the fourth lens 24 functions to deflect the chief ray as much as possible perpendicular to the microdisplay chip and to eliminate distortion.
  • the first, third, and fourth lenses are arranged as axisymmetric aspherical convex lenses.
  • the materials of these aspherical lenses are optical plastics, and the processing difficulty is low, so that a molding die can be used in mass production. In order to suppress the lens in large quantities, the production cost and reliability are guaranteed.
  • the second lens 22 is a spherical concave lens.
  • the working band of this embodiment is in the visible light band, and the timing is 0.486 m F light, 0.588 m d light, and 0.656 ⁇ m C light.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 wherein FIG. 7 shows field curvature (FIELD CURVATURE) and distortion (DISTORTION), and it can be seen from the middle right curve that the Y-direction distortion is less than 1.6%. .
  • the degree of distortion of the optical system of this example is small.
  • Figure 8 shows the dot map (SPOT DIAGRAM) of each field of view.
  • the field of view is selected as (0, 0) (10.5, 0), (15, 0), (0, 6.3), (0, 9), (10.5, 6.3), (15, 9), (-15, 9), (-10.5, 6.3), (-15, 0), (-10.5, 0) degrees.
  • the RMS radii of the dot-column points of each field of view are shown as follows: 12.452 ⁇ , 15.472 ⁇ , 21.034 ⁇ , 17.405 ⁇ , 17.372 ⁇ , 16.097 ⁇ , 15.536 ⁇ , 15.561 ⁇ , 14.874 ⁇ , 18.180 ⁇ , 13.128 ⁇ . Sufficient to meet the requirements of visual optical systems.
  • the size range of the exit type of the glasses type display device can also be designed as: horizontal direction (4mn! ⁇ 15mm) X vertical direction (4mn! ⁇ 8mm), and The half field of view is designed as: horizontal direction (10 degrees to 15 degrees) X vertical direction (6 degrees to 9 degrees).
  • the image generated by the micro display chip is amplified by using the optical lens group, and then the single image is separated into two images by the spectral coupling unit, and then the light is transmitted.
  • the tablet transmits the magnified image to the left and right eyes of the user for viewing by the left and right eyes of the user.
  • the optically conductive plate can expand the size of the crucible. Since the light-conducting plate is very thin, the entire display device has the characteristics of single-chip dual image, large field of view, large exit pupil size and large eye point distance; and each of the optical lens groups Lens processing is difficult, and production costs and reliability are guaranteed.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Description

利用单显示芯片的眼镜式显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及光学成像系统，涉及一种利用单个微显示芯片形成双图像， 并 具有较大视场、 较大出瞳尺寸的眼镜式显示装置。 背景技术
眼镜式显示装置的作用， 是将微显示芯片 (如 LCD、 LCOS或者 OLED)所 产生的图像放大成虚像再供人眼进行观察， 其中 LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display) 为液晶显示， OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode)为有机发光二极管， LCOS(Liquid Crystal on Silicon)为反射式硅基液晶。 使用时， 整个显示装置被 佩戴于非常接近于人眼的位置， 具有便携性、 移动性等优点。 为了便于佩戴， 要求眼镜式显示装置在保证足够的成像质量、足够的视觉放大率的情况下， 体 积能尽量的小、 重量能尽量的轻。
因具有便携性、移动性等优点， 并可实时提供大屏幕显示效果， 眼镜式显 示装置不仅可以应用于军事领域满足实时观察图像的需求，更可广泛应用于民 用多媒体视听领域。 由于其广泛的市场应用前景，众多研究机构和公司对眼镜 式显示技术进行了大量的投入， 目前已经出现了多种眼镜式显示技术方案。
美国 Micro Optical 公司申请的美国专利中， 提供了多种眼镜式显示技术 方案， 相关的美国专利包括 US 5,715,377、 US 5,886,822、 US 6,023,372和 US 6,091,546。 其中一种方案是将微显示芯片产生的光学图像经由光学系统放大 后， 再由导光装置将图像传导到人眼进行观察， 其中图像可以传导至瞳孔的侧 面或者正面， 这种方案中， 为了降低显示装置的体积， 减小了显示的视场， 因 此无法提供大显示尺寸。另一种方案是通过半反半透棱镜来实现， 这种显示装 置的体积会随人眼可观察范围 (出瞳尺寸)和视场的增加而急剧加大， 所以仅适 合小视场和低分辨率显示 (例如 11度水平视场， 320 X 240分辨率)。
在美国专利 US 6,028,708、 US 6,097,354、 US 5,436,765、 US 5,959,780、 以及 US6,317,267中， 提供了采用离轴自由曲面棱镜对图像进行放大的显示系 统， 这些方案中可达到较高的光学质量和高解析度， 但是， 如果想实现较大的 出瞳尺寸和较大的视场， 同样需要增大显示装置的体积和重量。不仅如此， 由 于光学系统离轴的缘故， 会使得系统设计难度高， 畸变难于消除 (3%), 且非轴 对称的自由曲面加工难度也非常大。
在美国专利 US 09/801,405(公告号 US 2001/0033401 Al) n US 6,169,613 中，采用了全息光学器件和光传导平板的方法， 使得整个眼镜式显示装置可以 实现轻薄化， 但全息光学元件难于批量化、 且其色差消除困难， 这些缺点限制 了此种方案的推广应用。
此外， 以上所提及专利中， 均采用两片显示芯片分别产生一幅图像， 并分 别放大后供使用者左眼和右眼进行观察。 发明内容
针对现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明要解决传统眼镜式显示装置中当增大视 场和出瞳尺寸时必须增大尺寸和重量的问题，并采用单一显示芯片提供两幅放 大后图像供使用者左眼和右眼分别观察， 从而提供一种低成本， 且具有较大视 场、 较大出瞳尺寸并支持高解析度的轻薄型眼镜式显示装置。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用了如下技术方案：构造一种单芯片的眼 镜式显示装置，其中包括微显示芯片，对所述微显示芯片产生的图像进行放大 处理的光学透镜组，对所述光学透镜组输出的光线进行分离处理以将单一图像 分离成两幅图像的分光耦合单元，以及将所述分光耦合单元输出的光线分别传 送到使用者左眼和右眼的第一光传导平板和第二光导板； 其中，所述微显示芯 片、 光学透镜组、 分光耦合单元沿着光线传播方向依次放置； 所述第一、 第二 光传导平板位于所述分光耦合单元的两侧，并分别与所述使用者左眼和右眼的 观察轴线垂直；所述光学透镜组的轴线与所述使用者左眼和右眼的观察轴线之 间相互平行。
本发明中的所述分光耦合单元中可包括分别位于上下部的第一、 第二棱 镜， 两者均为三棱柱结构，所述两个三棱柱的截面为相似或相同的两个等腰三 角形，且上部等腰三角形的两腰边分别与下部等腰三角形的两腰边连接成两条 相互交叉的直线； 其中第一棱镜的上表面与所述第一、第二光传导平板的上表 面平齐， 第二棱镜的下表面与所述第一、第二光传导平板的下表面平齐； 还包 括分别位于左右部的第三、第四棱镜，其中第三棱镜的左侧面与第一光传导平 板的右侧面对接，第四棱镜的右侧面与第二光传导平板的左侧面对接； 所述四 个棱镜中， 相邻两个棱镜的相邻表面相互紧贴， 且各棱镜的每一表面均为部分 反射面。
本发明中， 所述分光耦合单元的第三、第四棱镜最好相互对称； 所述两条 相互交叉的直线在左右形成的夹角最好为 20度〜 40度。所述各棱镜的每一表 面的反射率可为 50%。
本发明的所述光学透镜组中可包括用于对光束进行聚焦并消除色差的第 一透镜、第二透镜和第三透镜， 以及用于对主光线进行偏转处理以使之垂直于 所述微显示芯片并消除畸变的第四透镜； 所述第一、 第二、 第三、 第四透镜沿 着从所述分光耦合单元到所述微显示芯片的方向依次放置。
本发明的所述光学透镜组中， 所述第一、第三、第四透镜最好为偶次非球 面凸透镜， 所述第二透镜为球面双凹透镜。
本发明的所述光学透镜组中， 所述第一、 第三、 第四透镜可采用 PMMA、 C0C或者 COP树脂材料制成，该树脂材料的折射率为 1. 4〜1. 6，阿贝数为 56〜 58； 所述第二透镜可采用火石玻璃材料制成， 该玻璃材料的折射率为 1. 6〜1. 9， 阿贝数为 20〜40。
本发明中， 所述微显示芯片与第四透镜之间的距离可为 3mn！〜 10腿； 所述 微显示芯片与第一透镜之间的总长度应小于 50mm; 所述使用者左眼和右眼的 观察位置与光传导平板之间的距离可为 10mn！〜 25mm。
本发明中，每个光传导平板是由多个部分反射面结合而成的光学平板，其 厚度为 2mn！〜 3mm; 其中每一个部分反射面与该光传导平板底面之间的夹角 25 度〜 45度， 每一个部分反射面的反射率为 20%〜30%。
由上述技术方案可以看出，本发明中采用光学透镜组对微显示芯片产生的 图像进行放大，然后由分光耦合单元对光学透镜组输出的光线进行分离处理以 将单一图像分离成两幅图像， 再耦合进入光传导平板， 再利用光传导平板将放 大后的图像传送到使用者左眼和右眼， 以供使用者进行观察。其中分光耦合单 元将来源于单一微显示芯片被光学透镜组放大的单一图像分离成两幅图像，光 学传导平板可扩大出瞳尺寸， 由于光传导平板非常薄， 因此整个显示装置具有 单芯片双图像、 大视场、大出瞳尺寸和大眼点距的特点； 同时光学透镜组中的 各个透镜加工难度低， 使得生产成本和可靠性都得到了保证。 附图说明
图 1 是本发明一个优选实施例中的单芯片的眼镜式显示装置的结构示意 图；
图 2是图 1的左视图；
图 3是图 1所示光学透镜组展开后的结构示意图；
图 4是图 1中所示分光耦合单元的工作原理图；
图 5是图 1中所示光传导平板的工作原理图；
图 6是图 3所示光学透镜组的工作原理图；
图 7是图 1所示眼镜式显示装置的成像质量示意图，其中示出了场曲和畸 变；
图 8是另一个成像质量示意图， 其中示出了各视场点的点列图。
图中， 1是微显示芯片， 2是透镜组， 21、 22、 23、 24分别是第一、 二、 三、 四透镜， 3是分光耦合单元， 31为分光耦合单元入射光线， 32、 33为反 射率 50%的部分反射膜， 4、 5是光传导平板 (简称光导板)， 41为来自分光耦 合单元的入射光， 42为部分反射面， 6、 7是使用者左眼和右眼， 8是透镜组 轴线， 9、 10是使用者左眼和右眼轴线。 具体实施方式
本发明的一个优选实施例中， 单芯片的眼镜式显示装置的结构如图 1、 图 2和图 3所示。 在图 1、 图 2中示出的是光学透镜组 2的整体结构， 图 3则示 出了光学透镜组 2具体由四个透镜组成。 其中， 微显示芯片 1与第四透镜 24 之间的距离可为 3mm〜10mm， 本实施例中为 5mm; 微显示芯片与第一透镜 21 之间的总长度应小于 50mm， 本实施例中为 49mm; 使用者左眼和右眼 6、 7 的观察位置与光传导平板 4、 5 之间的距离为 10mm〜25mm， 本实施例中为 15mm。 其中两个光传导平板的厚度为 3mm， 还可以进一歩縮小至 2mm。 该 单芯片的眼镜式显示装置的出瞳尺寸为 15mm X 8mm， 半视场为 15度 X 9度。 图 4示出了分光耦合单元产生分光作用。该分光耦合单元中包括分别位于 上下部的第一、第二棱镜，两者均为三棱柱结构，两个三棱柱的截面为相似 (也 可为相同）的两个等腰三角形， 且上部等腰三角形的两腰边分别与下部等腰三 角形的两腰边连接成两条相互交叉的直线；其中第一棱镜的上表面与光传导平 板 4、 5的上表面平齐， 第二棱镜的下表面与光传导平板 4、 5的下表面平齐； 该分光耦合单元中还包括分别位于左右部的第三、第四棱镜， 其中第三棱镜的 左侧面与光传导平板 4的右侧面对接，第四棱镜的右侧面与光传导平板 5的左 侧面对接； 所述四个棱镜中， 相邻两个棱镜的相邻表面相互紧贴， 且各棱镜的 每一表面均为部分反射面。 其中， 分光耦合单元的第三、 第四棱镜相互对称； 两条相互交叉的直线在左右两侧形成的夹角最好为 20度〜 40度， 本实施例中 为 38度。 且各棱镜的每一表面的反射率可为 50%。
具体工作时， 从图像发出的任一光线入射进入分光耦合单元， 图中用 31 表示其中一条光线。 光线进入分光耦合单元后， 分别被 32、 33部分反射， 32 反射面将光线反射到右方， 33将光线反射到左方， 32、 33所反射光线再进入 光传导平板。 由于 32和 33均为反射率 50%的部分反射平面， 在 32、 33作用 下， 入射光线 31被分离成为左右两根光线， 对其他光线的作用也是如此。 因 此，通过分光耦合单元 3之后，一幅图像被分解成为两幅等同的图像并被耦合 进入光传导平板传输。 图 5示出了光传导平板 4、 5对光线的传输效果， 由于 4、 5工作原理相同， 图中仅示出了一个传导平板 4。该光传导平板为多个部分反射面结合而成的光 学平板;其中每一个部分反射面与该光传导平板底面之间的夹角 25度〜 45度， 每一个部分反射面的反射率为 20%〜30%。 当来自于分光耦合单元的入射光 41射进光传导平板 4后， 由于光线满足 光传导平板全反射条件， 因此在全反射作用下， 光线被约束于光传导平板 4 中， 并传输至各个部分反射面 42。
每一个部分反射面 42的作用是对照射在其上的光束进行部分反射。 具体 来说， 针对光传导平板中的任一部分反射面 42， 入射光 41的部分反射光垂直 于光传导平板的表面， 由于不满足全反射条件从而被耦合出传导平板 4， 照射 到使用者左眼和右眼 6; 透射光由于全反射作用继续在光传导平板中传输至下 一个部分反射面。 部分反射面 42成水平阵列排布， 因此反射光亦在水平方向 重复排布。亦即入射光束 41的宽度在水平方向得到扩展。 通过这种光束宽度 扩展作用， 光传导平板可以很大程度上扩展光束的可观察范围， 从而将透镜组 所成虚像经分光耦合单元分离后传输至使用者左眼和右眼观察，并同时扩展可 观察范围。
分光耦合单元和光传导平板为同样材料，可采用无色光学玻璃或光学塑料 制作。 本例中选用 k9玻璃 （亦可选用其他牌号的光学玻璃）， 将 k9玻璃磨成 图中所示形状后，在其上蒸镀部分反射铝膜， 并将其粘接得到分光耦合单元和 光传导平板。在本专利的另一实施例中选用光学塑料， 将光学塑料压制成图中 所示形状，在其上蒸镀部分反射铝膜， 并将其粘接得到分光耦合单元和光传导 平板。两种方法制作均可实现本专利所述功能，但塑料模压更适于大批量生产。
从图 4和图 5中可以看出， 本实施例中， 只需要一个微显示芯片、一套光 学透镜组、一个分光耦合单元， 即可配设两个光传导平板供使用者的左眼和右 眼进行观察。 如图 6所示， 具体实施时， 光学系统采用反向设计， 即假设光线由使用者 左眼和右眼 (左方：)发出， 经光传导平板、 分光耦合单元， 然后顺序通过第四透 镜 24、 第三透镜 23、 第二透镜 22和第一透镜 21最终成像于微显示芯片 1的 平面。 由于平行光束在光传导平板中传输不产生任何像差， 理想反射面也不产 生象差。所以设计中可以将其作为平行平板考虑， 在图 6中则未画出。孔径光 阑设置于使用者左眼和右眼处 (左方：)， 大小设为 60mmX 8mm; 并且在第一透 镜 21的左方 8.1mm处设置附加光阑， 以对光束水平方向孔径大小进行限制。 图 6中， 第一透镜 21可采用 PMMA、 COC或者 COP等树脂材料制成， 该树脂材料的折射率为 1.4〜1.6， 阿贝数为 56〜58； 第二透镜 22可采用折射率 为 1.6〜1.9， 阿贝数为 20〜40的火石玻璃制成； 第三透镜 23由与第一透镜相同 的材料制成。 第一、 第二、 第三透镜组成前组透镜， 对来自使用者左眼和右眼 的光线进行聚焦作用， 其中不同材料透镜的搭配给消除倍率色差提供了可能， 可以降低显示装置的色差， 显示装置的其他像差如球差、彗差等则通过透镜组 各个光学表面的配置进行修正。 第四透镜 24的作用是尽量将主光线偏转以垂 直于微显示芯片， 并消除畸变。
为了提供提高像质，第一、第三、第四透镜被设置为轴对称非球面凸透镜， 这些非球面透镜的材料均为光学塑料， 加工难度低， 因此在批量化生产时可以 使用成型模具，以便于大批量压制透镜，使得生产成本和可靠性都得到了保证。 其中的第二透镜 22则是球面凹透镜。 本实施例的工作波段为可见光波段， 设 计时采用 0.486 m的 F光、 0.588 m的 d光、 以及 0.656 μ m的 C光。 在图 7和图 8中示出了本实施例的成像质量，其中，图 7示出了场曲 (FIELD CURVATURE)和畸变 (DISTORTION), 从中右方曲线可以看出， Y向畸变小于 1.6%。 本实例光学系统的失真变形程度较小。
图 8表示各视场点的点列图 (SPOT DIAGRAM), 视场点选取为 (0， 0) (10.5 , 0)、 （15， 0)、 (0, 6.3)、 (0, 9)、 (10.5, 6.3)、 （15， 9)、 (-15, 9)、 (-10.5, 6.3)、 (-15, 0)、（-10.5， 0)度。 图中给出了各视场点的点列图 RMS半径分别为： 12.452μιη、 15.472μηι, 21.034μηι、 17.405μηι、 17.372μηι、 16.097μηι、 15.536μιη、 15.561μιη、 14.874μιη、 18.180μιη、 13.128μιη。 足以满足目视光学系统的要求。
本发明并不限于上述具体实施方式，根据不同使用需求，还可将眼镜式显 示装置的出瞳尺寸范围设计为：水平方向（4mn！〜 15mm) X垂直方向（4mn！〜 8mm)， 并将半视场范围设计为： 水平方向（10度〜 15度） X垂直方向（6度〜 9度）。
从上述实施例可以看出，本发明中采用光学透镜组对微显示芯片产生的图 像进行放大后，通过分光耦合单元将单一图像分离成两幅图像， 再利用光传导 平板将放大后的图像传送到使用者左眼和右眼，以供使用者左眼和右眼进行观 察。其中光学传导平板可扩大出瞳尺寸， 由于光传导平板非常薄， 因此整个显 示装置具有单芯片双图像、 大视场、 大出瞳尺寸和大眼点距的特点； 同时光学 透镜组中的各个透镜加工难度低， 使得生产成本和可靠性都得到了保证。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种单芯片的眼镜式显示装置， 其特征在于， 包括微显示芯片（1)， 对 所述微显示芯片（1)产生的图像进行放大处理的光学透镜组 (2)，对所述光学透 镜组 (2)输出的光线进行分离处理以将单一图像分离成两幅图像的分光耦合单 元 (3)，以及将所述分光耦合单元 (3)输出的光线分别传送到使用者左眼和右眼 的第一光传导平板 (4)和第二光导板 (5) ；
其中， 所述微显示芯片（1)、 光学透镜组 (2)、 分光耦合单元 (3)沿着光线 传播方向依次放置； 所述第一、 第二光传导平板位于所述分光耦合单元 (3)的 两侧， 并分别与所述使用者左眼和右眼的观察轴线 (9、 10)垂直； 所述光学透 镜组的轴线 (8)与所述使用者左眼和右眼的观察轴线 (9、 10)之间相互平行。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的单芯片的眼镜式显示装置， 其特征在于， 所述 分光耦合单元 (3)包括分别位于上下部的第一、 第二棱镜， 两者均为三棱柱结 构，所述两个三棱柱的截面为相似或相同的两个等腰三角形，且上部等腰三角 形的两腰边分别与下部等腰三角形的两腰边连接成两条相互交叉的直线；其中 第一棱镜的上表面与所述第一、第二光传导平板的上表面平齐， 第二棱镜的下 表面与所述第一、 第二光传导平板的下表面平齐；
所述分光耦合单元 (3)还包括分别位于左右部的第三、 第四棱镜， 其中第 三棱镜的左侧面与第一光传导平板的右侧面对接，第四棱镜的右侧面与第二光 传导平板的左侧面对接；
所述四个棱镜中，相邻两个棱镜的相邻表面相互紧贴，且各棱镜的每一表 面均为部分反射面。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的单芯片的眼镜式显示装置， 其特征在于， 所述 第三、 第四棱镜相互对称； 所述两条相互交叉的直线在左右形成的夹角为 20 度〜 40度。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的单芯片的眼镜式显示装置， 其特征在于， 所述 各棱镜的每一表面的反射率为 50%。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的单芯片的眼镜式显示装置， 其特征在于， 所述 光学透镜组 (2)中包括用于对光束进行聚焦并消除色差的第一透镜（21 )、第二 透镜 （22 ) 和第三透镜 （23 )， 以及用于对主光线进行偏转处理以使之垂直于 所述微显示芯片并消除畸变的第四透镜 (24) ; 所述第一、 第二、 第三、 第四透 镜沿着从所述分光耦合单元到所述微显示芯片的方向依次放置。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的单芯片的眼镜式显示装置， 其特征在于， 所述 第一、 第三、 第四透镜为偶次非球面凸透镜， 所述第二透镜为球面双凹透镜。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的单芯片的眼镜式显示装置， 其特征在于， 所述 第一、 第三、 第四透镜采用 PMMA、 C0C或者 COP树脂材料制成， 该树脂材料的 折射率为 1. 4〜1. 6， 阿贝数为 56〜58；所述第二透镜采用火石玻璃材料制成， 该玻璃材料的折射率为 1. 6〜1. 9， 阿贝数为 20〜40。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的单芯片的眼镜式显示装置， 其特征在于， 所述 微显示芯片与第四透镜之间的距离为 3腿〜 10腿； 所述微显示芯片与第一透镜 之间的总长度小于 50mm; 所述使用者左眼和右眼的观察位置与光传导平板之 间的距离为 10mn！〜 25mm。
9、根据权利要求 1〜8中任一项所述的单芯片的眼镜式显示装置，其特征 在于， 每个光传导平板是由多个部分反射面结合而成的光学平板， 其厚度为 2mn！〜 3mm; 其中每一个部分反射面与该光传导平板底面之间的夹角 25度〜 45 度， 每一个部分反射面的反射率为 20%〜30%。
10、根据权利要求 9所述的单芯片的眼镜式显示装置， 其特征在于， 该眼 镜式显示装置的出瞳尺寸范围为： 水平方向（4mn！〜 15mm) X垂直方向（4腿〜 8mm) ; 半视场范围为： 水平方向（10度〜 15度） X垂直方向（6度〜 9度）。
PCT/CN2008/070594 2008-03-26 2008-03-26 利用单显示芯片的眼镜式显示装置 WO2009117870A1 (zh)

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