IL103900A

IL103900A - Optical system

Info

Publication number: IL103900A
Application number: IL10390092A
Authority: IL
Inventors: Abraham Reichert
Original assignee: Electro Optics Ind Ltd
Priority date: 1992-11-26
Filing date: 1992-11-26
Publication date: 1998-06-15
Also published as: FR2698454B1; DE4339354A1; GB9324292D0; GB2272980B; GB2272980A; FR2698454A1

Description

OPTICAL SYSTEM \ FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an optical system for the super-positioning of visible information data on a background view viewed by an observer. Systems of the invention are of wide applicability. They may be used in industry where a technician inspects a workpiece by making certain electrical contacts, and simultaneously perceives data from a measuring instrument in his field of view.

The optical system can be used by drivers, who have an open field view of the road and scenery ahead, while critical parameters and warning signals are superpositioned on such view.

The optical system can be used by pilots for viewing the scenery while being provided with required data from one or more instruments. Many other and further applications are in the scope of the present invention.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION There exists a variety of optical instruments for the superpositioning of data on a given background. Generally these are head-up display devices which allow simultaneous viewing of the outside world and superpositioning of data important to the viewer.

Amongst instruments of this type there may be mentioned head-up displays used by pilots and drivers.

The characteristics of the display are dictated by a number of requirements, such as: eye relief, exit pupil diameter, field of view of the symbols, weight of the unit and as one of the most important ones, an unimpaired field of view of the outside. Such a system comprises essentially a collimator with a wide field of view and eye relief, larger than the focal length of the system. Such systems are part of Head-Up-Displays (HUDs) and in flight simulators. Various patents relate to different embodiments of such devices, such as GB 1139269, 2108702 and US 4,269,476. None of the said systems provide a satisfactory HMD, which provides optimum solutions regarding the requirements set out above.

The present invention provides an improved system of this type .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to overcome the drawbacks pointed out above, and to provide a system of the optical on-axis type, which is based on an integral optical member where the component resulting in collimation is a spheric mirror arranged along the optical axis. It is an object of the invention to enable the viewer to perceive a wide field of view of symbols with minimum obstruction of the outside and large eye relief.

The main component of the system is a block-shaped member made of transparent material (glass, acrylic) in a doublet, shape of which, when looked through it, has no optical power. This doublet is polished at its upper surface close to the display - the secondary object - and preferably polished at the periphery in conical form, where the small basis is close to the eye and forms part of the positive lens of the doublet. The doublet comprises two lenses, one positive like a plano-convex lens, and a negative one, like a piano concave one. The positive lens is made of two components, with an inclined plane between them which serves as beam splitter. The negative lens of the doublet, having a radius identical with that of the first member, is provided with a partially light - trans-missive which partially light-reflective coating such as a dichroic coating or a holographic coating.

Illumination originating from the display which is positioned at the focus of the curved mirror, enters the doublet at its upper part, is partially reflected by the beam splitter in the direction of the mirror.

The mirror reflects the illumination as parallel beam via the beam splitter which passes it in the direction of the external surface of the doublet towards the eye of the viewer.

The exit pupil is positioned near the center of the curvature of the mirror. In this case, when the lens is not in air, the center of curvature is the center of curvature as it appears after refraction by the optical surface which is close to the eye of the viewer.

The invention is illustrated by way of example with reference to be enclosed schmatical Figures, which are not according to scale and in which: Fig. la and lb set out systems according to the prior art; Fig. 2 is a side view of the most simple embodiment of the invention ; Fig. 3 is a side view of another embodiment, similar to that of Fig. 3, but with zero optical power Fig. 4 is an embodiment of a doublet lens system of the invention Fig. 5 illustrates the outoff angle of the conus Fig. 7 is of a perspective view of a doublet of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a side view of another embodiment, with the negative lens bonded to the positive one at the surface close to the viewer; Fig. la the system comprises two mirrors, a spheric one 11, which serves as collimator by reflection and window without optical power in transmission. The second mirror 12 serves as beam splitter. The illumination originating from the display surface 13 is directed at the beam splitting mirror 12, is reflected from same in the direction of the spheric mirror 11. The spheric mirror serves as collimator and reflects the illumination in collimated form in the direction of the splitting mirror 12 which directs it at the eye of the pilot or viewer, 14, which is located close to the center of the mirror 15. This system has a number of mechanical and optical drawbacks, it requires a highly accurate mechanical mounting of the components relative each other, and such complicated mountings which are required tend to obstruct at least part of the view. Even a small obstruction in the vicinity of the eye obstructs an appreciable angle of view.

In such a system the eye is located at the center of curvature of the mirror, R, and the display is at half this distance, as the length of focus of a spheric mirror is half its radius, R/2. The beam splitter divides the focal distance into two, the horizontal axis x and the vertical one y, so that x + y = R/2. Y is in this case the height of the display from the optical axis.

The desire is to make the height as large as possible to decrease the obstruction from the upper part of the outside field of view. As the height is also a function of the distance to the splitter, so the farther the display will be, the symbols field of view will decrease. With existing parameters of a vertical field of view QL , the eye relief, from the last surface, will be at a distance E, the diameter of the exit pupil 0 and the thickness of the member T, it can be shown that: 1. X min = T-0/2-E-log(2/2) 2. Y max=R/2 - X min 3. R/n = E + T/n 4. R = n E + T when we introduce (4) into (2) there is obtained Ymax = n . E/2 + Τ/2 X mi thus from this it is clear that the larger n will be, the value of Ymax will become larger and thus also the outside field of view will increase in a corresponding manner. Also Fig. lb describes a device according to the prior art. This is based on back surface mirror which is part of a solid transparent body. Illumination originating from 21 is directed at the input surface, 22 of this body and continues to beam splitter 23, passing through same without reflection, arrives at mirror 24, the optical axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the central field of view, is reflected in the direction of the beam splitter 23 and returns in the direction of the eye of the viewer, 26. This version overcomes some of the drawbacks of the device of Fig. la, but it has certain problems.

As the axis of the spherical mirror is perpendicular to the main optical axis, its projection blocks the angle designated as 25 from view. In order to obtain a larger field of view, the block has to be very thick. At certain angles parasitic reflections are apt to occur from the external surfaces of the glass block.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE OF THE INVENTION As shown in Fig. 2 an optical system of the invention comprises a positive lens 30, having a plane surface 31 and a concave one 32 perpendicular to the optical axis 33, said lens being divided into parts 34 and 35 by beam splitter 36, which slopes downwards from the upper side 34, of the lens close to the viewer, and to the lower part of the part 35 of the lens. The concave surface 32 is provided with a coating 32' which permits passage of part of the light and which reflects the other part. There is provided an upper plane surface 37, which is parallel to the axis 33. It may also be at an acute angle with this axis.

The image of the data to be superpositioned is projected from surface 38, which is at a focal distance from mirror 32', via surface 37 to beam splitter 36, and from same to mirror 32' which returns it to the direction of the eye of the viewer, 39.

The eye perceives simulanteously the image of 40 through the semi-transparent mirror 32', and thus sees both a plane one, the image of 40 is perceived in an enlarged manner .

Another embodiment is illustrated with reference to Fig. 3, which differs from Fig. 2 only in that surface 41 is also a concave one, facing the eye of the observer, 39. Due to the fact that both sufaces 32 and 41 are curved ones, the optical power of this lens is zero if the curvature is chosen correctly. This provides a real-life size/image of the object 40.

Fig. 4 is a side view, in section, of a device of the present invention. The main component is a block of transparent material, such as glass or acrylic polymer.

This block is made as a doublet, and has zero optical power when one looks through it. This doublet comprises two lenses, a positive one 41, which may be plano-convex and a negative one 42, such as a piano concave lens.

The positive lens 41 is made up of two parts, 41a and 41b, with an inclined beam splitter 43, between them This plane of 43 starts at the lower end close to the convex surface 44 which is common to both lenses and extends upwards towards the upper surface 45 of the doublet close to the source of the display. Surface 46, which is opposite the convex surface 44, constitutes the external surface close to the eye 47 of the viewer. The negative lens 42 of the doublet, with radius of curvciture 44a, is identical with the radius of curvature 44 of the positive lens 41. This surface 44a is provided with a partially reflecting coatings, such as a dichroic or holographic one which serves as collimatlng mirror.

The two lenses are attached to each other at surface 44. Illumination originating from the focal plane 50 is directed at the input surface 45 of the doublet which is essentially parallel to the optical viewing axis 51.

The illumination arrives at splitter 43 and part is reflected back in the direction of the collimating mirror 44, which is also provided with a partially reflecting coating returns part of the energy in the direction of splitter 43, which at this stage passes the beam in the direction of the external surface 46 and from there to the eye of the viewer 47, which is located in the area 48, of central curvature of mirror 44.

Rays coming from outside view 49 arrives at surface 40 of the optical system, passes via mirror 44, beam splitter 43, the second exterior surface 46 and from there to the eye 47.

As the illumination originating from surface 50 is in the focal plane of mirror 44, it reaches the eye 47 of the viewer as a parallel beam and is perceived as if coming from infinity. It is of course possible to change the focus of the system so as to adjust for objects not in infini ty .

Fig. 5 and 6 illustrate the exterior shape given to the optical body of the invention, so as to minimize obstructions of part of the outside view when looking through. Any obstruction in the vicinity of the eye will obstruct a substantial part of the outside world when looking through.

In order to minimize obstructions, this body has been given an external concial shape so that a ray which behaves as if it came from the eye of the viewer will not encounter obstructions from the exterior surfaces of the body.

With reference to Fig. 5 ray 52 originating from eye 47, in the direction of the lower end 53 of this body makes an angle 54 ( L ) with the optical axis 55 of the system. This ray is refracted in the transparent body according to Snell's Law and makes an angle 56 ( ) with the optical axis and is returned to exit 57 parallel to beam 52. A further ray 58, coming from eye 47 parallel to the first one passes very close to the lower end of 53 but is not refracted and continues in a straight direction without any impedement . The angle 59 of cut of the conus where the best shape is a cut at an angle of tf = pti.+ «/A.

Fig. 6 is an projection of the transparent member.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of an optical body according to the invention according to Fig. 5 where 70 is the image surface, in the focal plane of the mirror, the optical system and the eye 72.

Yet another embodiment is illustrated with reference to Fig. 8, where 81 is a positive lens, with curved partial mirror surface 82, the convex side of which faces the scenery 87. To the plane surface 83 of the lens there is cemented a plano-concave lens 84, of negative power, with the concave surface 85 facing viewer 86. The other elements, like surface 88, and beam splitter 89 are the same as in Fig. 3. The resulting optical power of this lens doublet is zero, and thus the image of 87 is seen in natural size.

Claims

103900/2 12 CLAIMS :

1. An integrated optical system for the simultaneous viewing of a scenery and of informative data super-positioned on said scenery, consisting of a lens divided into two parts by a beam splitter, said lens having a first surface facing the viewer, and a second, partially reflecting convex surface on the main optical axis, defining a partially reflecting concave mirror facing the first surface said lens having a third surface parallel to the main optical axis or at an acute angle therewith, facing the source of the superpositioned informative data, said beam splitter extending from the upper part of the first surface to the lower part of each of antecedent for concave mirror, so that the source of the informative data is at the focus of the said concave surface, so that the beam coming from the data source enters through the third surface, is reflected by the beam splitter toward the said partially reflecting concave mirror and from this via the beam splitter to the first surface and from this to the eye of the viewer, who simultaneously views the said informative data and the said scenery through the lens, including the beam splitter, along the main optical axis.

2. An optical system according to claim 1, where the surface of the lens facing the viewer is a plane surface.

3. An optical system according to claim 1, where the lens surface facing the viewer is a concave one, so that the optical power of the lens in the direction of the scenery is zero. 103900/2 13

4. A system according to any of claims 1 to 3 where a negative lens is cemented to the convex surface of the first lens, facing the scenery, so that the system comprises a one block unit which consists of a doublet lens of a positive and a negative lens bonded at a common curved surface, serving as partially reflecting mirror, with a surface parallel to or at an angle to the optical axis of the doublet, facing the data source, where the positive lens is divided by a beam splitter into an upper and a lower part, which beam splitter extends from the upper part of the exterior surface facing the viewer, close to said inclined surface, and which slopes downwards towards the curved surface, said inclined surface being adapted to pass the "data" image to the beam splitter and from same onto the curved mirror.

5. A system according to Claim 4, where the doublet has zero optical power in the direction of view of the scenery.

6. A system according to Claim 4, where the surface facing the data source is curved. 7. A system according to Claim 1, where the partially reflecting mirror is a dichroic mirror. 8. An optical system according to Claim 1 where the effective optical area of the surface facing the scenery is larger than the surface facing the viewer so that the circumference of the lens does not obscure the scenery.

7. A system according to any of claims 4 to 6, where the doublet has zero optical power in the direction of view of the scenery.

8. A system according to claim 7, where the exterior sufaces perpendicular to the main optical axis are plane surfaces .

9. A system according to any of claims 4 to 8, where the surface facing the data source is plane or curved.

10. A system according to any of claims 1 to 9, where the lens or doublet is made of optical glass or high transparency plastic.

11. A system according to any of claims 4 to 10, where the index of refraction of both lenses is equal.

12. A system according to any of claims 1 to 11, where the mirror is a dichroic mirror.

13. A system according to any of claims 4 to 12, with minimum obstruction of the main real object field of view, having the shape of a truncated conus with two parallel exterior surfaces [with zero optical power in the direction of the optical axis] and with a surface facing the data spource, where the angle of the conus is between the conus defined by the surface extending from the eye of the viewer of the edges of the doublet and the conus defined by the viewers eye and the rim, of the cylinder close to the eye, defined by the doublet.

14. A system according to claim 13, where the angle of the conus is as herein defined

15. A system according to claim 14, where the angle of the conus is X - en + °/2

16. A modification of the system of claim 4, where the negative lens is bonded to the other surface of the positive lens, resulting in a zero optical power doublet.

17. Integrated one-block optical system for the simultaneous viewing of a scene and a superpositioned image, substantially as hereinbefore described and with reference to Figures 2 to 8.

18. A system according to any of claims 1 to 17, where the mirror has a spherical, a conical or a toric surface.

19. A system according to any of claims 1 ,to 18, where the reflective surface of the mirror is provided with a multilayer coating or a holographic coating.