JP7453299B2 - チップを接合する方法および装置 - Google Patents
チップを接合する方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7453299B2 JP7453299B2 JP2022139747A JP2022139747A JP7453299B2 JP 7453299 B2 JP7453299 B2 JP 7453299B2 JP 2022139747 A JP2022139747 A JP 2022139747A JP 2022139747 A JP2022139747 A JP 2022139747A JP 7453299 B2 JP7453299 B2 JP 7453299B2
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Description
本明細書の以降の記載において、洗浄とは、以下の方法のうちの1つおよび/または複数によって接合表面の汚れを除去することである。
・湿式化学洗浄、特に
o水、特に
*CO2含有水
oアルコール
o酸、特に
*ギ酸
*クエン酸
*過硫酸
*スタンダードクリーン1(SC1)
*スタンダードクリーン2(SC2)
o塩基、特に
*NH4OH
による湿式化学洗浄
・プラズマ洗浄
・プラズマアッシング
・機械的洗浄、特に
oブラッシング
1つの好ましい実施形態によれば、チップがポジショニングされ、チップのセルフアライメントが行われる。セルフアライメント(英語ではself alignment)とは、最小化の物理法則によって押し進められる、物体このケースではチップのポジショニングプロセスのことである。
・アルコール
・エーテル
・酸
・塩基
を用いることも考えられる。
チップを接合するための本発明による複数の装置およびプロセスが開示される。本発明による方法を、個別接合方法と集合接合方法とに分けることができる。よって、対応する装置は、個別接合装置もしくは集合接合装置である。本発明による全ての方法および装置に共通しているのは、チップの接合表面が接合プロセスに至るまで汚れのない状態でなければならない、ということである。この目標を達成するための本発明によるプロセスステップおよび設備について、以下でさらに詳しく説明する。
個別接合方法とは、チップを個別に、つまり相前後して別のチップ(C2C)またはウェハ(C2W)に配置するための、従来技術において一般的なプロセスのことである。かかる方法の有する利点とは、それぞれ異なる大きさおよび/またはそれぞれ異なる機能のチップを接合できる、ということである。
本発明による例示的な第1の方法によれば、基板が支持体特にテープシート(英語ではtape)上に固定され、そこにおいて複数のチップに個別化される。本明細書を以下で説明していく中で、テープシートが例示的な具体例として用いられる。とはいえ、剛性の支持体を用いることも考えられる。つまりこの場合、チップは、テープシート上に基板が固定された後にはじめて作成される。
本発明による実施形態の基本的な観点は、基板もしくは基板から個別化されたチップの接合表面のクリーン状態を維持する、ということにある。接合表面のクリーン度を保証するためには、個別化プロセスによってもできる限り僅かな汚れしか引き起こさないようにしなければならない。特に、基板の個別化の際にバリを生じさせてはならない。本発明によれば、これを複数の異なるプロセスによって保証することができる。
何らかの状況においては、個別接合方法によってチップを接合するのが不利になる可能性がある。特に、高い接合品質を達成する目的で、チップの接合表面を洗浄しなければならない場合には、後で接合表面となる面が上向きになるよう、全てのチップを最初に1つの支持体上にポジショニングするのが有利になる可能性がある。次いでこのように予備固定された状態で、チップの全ての接合表面を同時に、特にそのために設けられた機械において、洗浄し前処理することができる。その後、さらに別のプロセスステップにおいて、全てのチップが、本来接合すべき基板もしくは本来接合すべきチップに、同時に接合される。
以下のプロセスで述べるのは、複数のチップを備えた仮の支持体の製造についてであり、それらのチップの接合表面は、集合接合プロセスを実施する目的で互いに一致している。
いま述べた仮の支持体を用いる代わりに、相応に固定要素を有する固定支持体上にチップを固定することが考えられる。固定要素を
・真空固定手段
・静電固定手段
・磁気固定手段
・ゲルパック固定手段
とすることができる。チップをそれらの裏側表面で、固定支持体にじかに固定することができる。この場合の欠点は、上述の仮の支持体とは異なり、1つの平面内で全てのチップの接合表面を画一化することのできる接着剤が存在しない、ということである。せいぜいのところ、上述のゲルパック固定手段のゲルパックの可塑性によって、似たような効果を実現できる。特に、後で説明するエジェクタ機構を固定支持体として用いることもできる。
本明細書を以下で説明していく中で、チップの収容および固定が必要とされる複数の装置および方法について述べる。よって、開示される全ての方法および装置は、既に個別化されたチップと、接合表面ができる限りもはや汚れないように本発明に従い必ず行うべきそれらのチップの処理とに係わるものである。エジェクタ機構と称するこの実施形態がまずは有する課題は、既に個別化された多数のチップにおいて洗浄プロセスを実施し、それらのチップの接合表面を本来の接合プロセスのために準備する目的で、それらのチップを固定することである。
チップの接合表面を処理し、そのまま接合プロセスに引き渡すための、本発明による第1のエジェクタ機構の本質は、支持体にチップをストックすることである。この支持体は凹部を有しており、この凹部にチップをポジショニングおよび/または固定することができる。
・導体、特に
o金属、特に
o合金、特に
*鋼
*アルミニウム
*ステンレス鋼合金
*チタン
o導電性セラミック、特に
*ドーピングされたSiC
*ドーピングされたSi3N4
から成る。
本発明によるさらに別の第2のエジェクタ機構は、通路特に孔が設けられた支持体から成る。上述の第1のエジェクタの実装とは異なり、このエジェクタ機構は凹部を有していない。洗浄すべきチップは、支持体表面にじかに固定される。特に周囲を取り囲む雰囲気が、シーリング部材を用いることで通路から分離される。このようにすれば、洗浄剤たとえば液体のような化学物質またはプラズマからのイオンによって通路を汚すことなく、チップの洗浄を実施することができる。密閉された空間内に、チップを固定する固定要素を配置することができる。固定要素は、以下の固定要素すなわち
・真空固定手段(好ましい)
・静電固定手段
・磁気固定手段
・接着固定手段
・機械的固定手段(いちばん好ましくない)
のうちの少なくとも1つである。
特に上述のエジェクタ機構のための本発明による拡張形態によれば、チップの接合表面を汚れから保護する目的で、開口部を備えたマスクが用いられる。チップのグリップは常に、必然的にチップ上方を往復運動しなければならない機械部品を介して行われる。本来のグリップヘッド、および端部にグリップヘッドが配置された相応のアームのほか、ケーブルおよび導線もいっしょに動かさなければならない。これらの機械要素は全て、それらがチップ上方を往復運動するときに、チップの接合表面における汚れに必然的に関与する。
本発明によるさらに別の実施形態において、チップを固定および接合するための固定機構について述べる。この固定機構は、接合ヘッド(英語ではbond head)とも称され、個々のチップを固定し、搬送し、さらに接合表面に接合する役割を果たす機械部品のことを表す。チップにおけるクリーンな接合表面という本発明による利点を活用できるようにするために必要とされるのは、接合プロセスを可能な限り制御できるようにすることである。特に不可欠であるのは、チップが最初に周縁部で接合するのではなく、ボンディングウェーブがチップの中央から外側へと伝播することである。ボンディングウェーブの着想は、ウェハ・トゥー・ウェハ(英語ではW2W)接合から当業者に既に公知である。いくつかの例だけを挙げるとすれば、以下の刊行物すなわち国際公開第2014191033号(WO2014191033A1)、PCT出願第2016053268号明細書(PCT/EP2016053268)、PCT願第2016056249号明細書(PCT/EP2016056249)およびPCT出願第2016069307号明細書(PCT/EP2016069307)を参照されたい。
1o、1o’ エジェクタ表面
2 凹部
3 貫通案内部
4 リフト機構
5 グリップヘッド
6 固定手段
7 チップ
7b 接合表面
7r 裏側面
8 シーリング部材
9 接合ヘッド
10、10’ ばね部材
11、11’、11’’ 基板
12 切れ目
13 コンタクト
14 フレーム
15 テープシート
15o テープシート表面
15r テープシート裏側
16 ダイシング機構
17 保護層
18 接着剤
19 最終製品
20 誘電体表面
21 液体
22 固定面
23 マスク
24 開口部
25 光学系
d1、d2 厚さ
E 一致平面
t 深さ
Z1、Z2 拡大図
Claims (14)
- チップ(7)を半導体基板(11’)または別のチップに接合する方法において、
前記チップ(7)を、前記半導体基板(11’)または前記別のチップにダイレクト接合し、
前記チップ(7)を接合するボンディングウェーブは、前記チップ(7)の中央から外側へと伝播する
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記ダイレクト接合を、ハイブリッド接合表面である、前記チップ(7)の接合表面(7b)において行う、
請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記チップ(7)をポジショニングし、該チップ(7)のセルフアライメントを行う、
請求項1または2記載の方法。 - 前記チップ(7)を製造するために、基板(11)を支持体(15)上に固定し、その後、前記基板(11)を複数のチップ(7)に個別化する、
請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の方法。 - 前記基板(11)を前記支持体(15)上に固定する前に、前記基板(11)の接合表面(7b)を洗浄する、
請求項4記載の方法。 - 前記チップ(7)の接合表面(7b)を、前記支持体(15)からの取り外し中および/または別のポジションへの搬送中に洗浄する、
請求項4または5記載の方法。 - 前記基板(11)の接合表面(7b)には事前に切れ目(12)が作り込まれており、前記チップ(7)を機械式ダイシング手段により個別化する、
請求項4、5または6記載の方法。 - チップ(7)を半導体基板(11’)または別のチップに接合する装置において、
ダイレクト接合により前記半導体基板(11’)または前記別のチップに接合されたチップ(7)を有し、
前記チップ(7)を接合するボンディングウェーブが前記チップ(7)の中央から外側へと伝播する
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 前記チップ(7)をポジショニングおよび/または固定するための凹部(2)を備えたエジェクタ機構(1)を有する、
請求項8記載の装置。 - 貫通案内部(3)が、前記凹部(2)の底部面に設けられており、
グリッパ(5)が前記チップ(7)に接近できるようにするため、前記貫通案内部(3)を通ってリフト機構(4)が前記チップ(7)を持ち上げ可能である、
請求項9記載の装置。 - 前記グリッパ(5)は、前記チップ(7)の接合表面(7b)とは反対側の固定表面に前記チップ(7)を固定する、
請求項10記載の装置。 - 前記凹部(2)の深さ(t)は前記チップ(7)の高さに相応する、
請求項9、10または11記載の装置。 - 開口部(24)を備えたマスク(23)を有しており、
該マスク(23)は、前記開口部(24)が接合すべき次のチップ(7)の上方に位置するようになるまで、前記チップ(7)が装填された前記エジェクタ機構(1、1’)の上方を移動可能である、
請求項9、10、11または12記載の装置。 - 前記チップ(7)を固定、搬送および接合するための接合ヘッド(9)を有する、
請求項8、9、10、11、12または13記載の装置。
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