JP7443926B2 - 半導体装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7443926B2 JP7443926B2 JP2020086218A JP2020086218A JP7443926B2 JP 7443926 B2 JP7443926 B2 JP 7443926B2 JP 2020086218 A JP2020086218 A JP 2020086218A JP 2020086218 A JP2020086218 A JP 2020086218A JP 7443926 B2 JP7443926 B2 JP 7443926B2
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- electrode
- connection electrode
- silicon oxide
- oxide film
- protective film
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Description
電力変換部(6)を構成する半導体素子(40)を備えた半導体装置であって、
半導体素子は、
板厚方向において表面(41a)側に設けられた素子形成領域であるアクティブ領域(410)と、板厚方向からの平面視においてアクティブ領域を取り囲む外周領域(411)と、を有する半導体基板(41)と、
表面上に形成された下地電極(420)と、下地電極上に形成された接続電極(421)と、を有する表面電極(42)と、
接続電極をはんだ接合可能に露出させる開口部(46a)を有し、下地電極の周縁部(420a)および接続電極の外周端(421b)を覆うように配置された保護膜(46)と、を備え、
接続電極の外周端と保護膜との境界が、板厚方向からの平面視において、外周領域と重なる位置に設けられている。
開示された半導体装置のひとつは、
表面において表面電極との接続部分を除く部分の全域に形成されたシリコン酸化膜(45)をさらに備え、
下地電極の周縁部である第1周縁部は、シリコン酸化膜において保護膜により覆われた部分の上に積層され、
接続電極は、第1周縁部上に積層され、保護膜により覆われた第2周縁部(421a)を有し、
接続電極は、Ni、Pd、Au、Pt、Agのいずれかを含む金属層を少なくともひとつ含む。
開示された半導体装置の他のひとつは、
表面において表面電極との接続部分を除く部分の全域に形成されたシリコン酸化膜(45)をさらに備え、
下地電極の周縁部である第1周縁部は、シリコン酸化膜において保護膜により覆われた部分の上に積層され、
接続電極は、第1周縁部上に積層され、保護膜により覆われた第2周縁部(421a)を有し、
シリコン酸化膜の膜内残留応力は圧縮応力であり、
接続電極の膜内残留応力は引張応力である。
開示された半導体装置の他のひとつは、
表面において表面電極との接続部分を除く部分の全域に形成されたシリコン酸化膜(45)をさらに備え、
下地電極の周縁部である第1周縁部は、シリコン酸化膜において保護膜により覆われた部分の上に積層され、
接続電極は、第1周縁部上に積層され、保護膜により覆われた第2周縁部(421a)を有し、
保護膜において開口部を規定する開口端(46c)が、平面視において、外周領域と重なる位置に設けられている。
開示された半導体装置の他のひとつにおいて、
接続電極は、開口部内のみに配置されており、開口部から露出する下地電極上に積層されている。
電力変換部(6)を構成する半導体素子(40)を備えた半導体装置の製造方法であって、
板厚方向の表面(41a)側にアクティブ領域(410)を有し、アクティブ領域を取り囲む外周領域(411)を有する半導体ウエハ(41W)を準備し、
表面の全体にシリコン酸化膜(45)を成膜した後、シリコン酸化膜をパターニングしてアクティブ領域を内包するようにコンタクトホール(45c)を形成し、
シリコン酸化膜を覆うように表面の全体に下地電極(420)を成膜した後、周縁部(420a)がシリコン酸化膜におけるコンタクトホールの周囲部分に重なるように下地電極をパターニングし、
下地電極およびシリコン酸化膜を覆うように表面の全体に接続電極(421)を成膜した後、接続電極と下地電極またはシリコン酸化膜との密着力の差によりシリコン酸化膜上の接続電極を除去して、下地電極上に接続電極が積層配置された表面電極(42)を形成し、
表面電極およびシリコン酸化膜を覆うように表面の全体に保護膜(46)を形成した後、保護膜をパターニングして、接続電極のはんだ接合部分が露出するように開口部(46a)を形成するとともにスクライブ領域(412)上の保護膜を除去し、
保護膜の形成後、スクライブ領域に沿って半導体ウエハを分離して、半導体素子を形成する。
先ず、図1に基づき、車両の駆動システムの概略構成について説明する。
図1に示すように、車両の駆動システム1は、直流電源2と、モータジェネレータ3と、電力変換装置4を備えている。
次に、図1に基づき、電力変換装置4の回路構成について説明する。電力変換装置4は、平滑コンデンサ5と、インバータ6を備えている。
次に、図2および図3に基づき、半導体素子が適用される半導体装置の概略構成について説明する。図2は、半導体装置を示す平面図である。図2は、半導体装置の上面視平面図である。図3は、図2のIII-III線に沿う断面図である。図3では、半導体素子40の構造を簡素化して図示している。
次に、図4および図5に基づき、半導体素子について説明する。図4は、半導体素子の表面側を示す平面図である。図4では、下地電極および接続電極の外周端を破線で示し、シリコン酸化膜の内周端を一点鎖線で示している。また、アクティブ領域の外周端、すなわちアクティブ領域と外周領域との境界を二点鎖線で示している。図5は、図4のV-V線に沿う断面図である。以下において、「内側」、「外側」とは、半導体素子のアクティブ領域の中心を基準位置とする相対的な位置関係を示す。中心に近い側が内側、遠い側が外側である。
次に、図6~図14に基づき、半導体装置の製造方法、具体的には半導体素子の製造方法について説明する。図6~図14は、半導体素子の製造工程を示す断面図であり、図5に対応している。図6はシリコン酸化膜の成膜工程を示し、図7はシリコン酸化膜のパターニング工程を示している。図8は下地電極の成膜工程を示し、図9は下地電極のパターニング工程を示している。図10は、接続電極の成膜工程を示し、図11および図12は接続電極のパターニング工程を示している。図13は保護膜の形成工程を示し、図14はコレクタ電極の形成工程を示している。
図15は、参考例を示す断面図である。参考例では、本実施形態の要素と同一または関連する要素について、本実施形態の符号の末尾にrを付け加えて示している。図15では、エミッタ電極とターミナルとのはんだ接続構造を示している。
この実施形態は、先行する実施形態を基礎的形態とする変形例であり、先行実施形態の記載を援用できる。先行実施形態では、はんだと保護膜との境界、すなわち保護膜の開口端を、アクティブ領域と重なる位置に設けた。これに代えて、保護膜の開口端を、アクティブ領域よりも外側に設けてもよい。
上記したように、パワーサイクルや冷熱サイクル等の熱応力は、はんだ90と保護膜46と境界にも集中する。本実施形態では、接続電極421の外周端421bと保護膜46との境界に加えて、はんだ90と保護膜46との境界も、外周領域411と重なる位置に設けている。したがって、熱応力によりアクティブ領域410がダメージを受けるのを、より効果的に抑制することができる。
この実施形態は、先行する実施形態を基礎的形態とする変形例であり、先行実施形態の記載を援用できる。先行実施形態では、接続電極が単層構造をなしていた。これに代えて、多層構造としてもよい。
本実施形態では、接続電極421を多層構造としている。接続電極421の下層4210は、シリコン酸化膜45との密着力が低く、上層4211は、はんだ90との接合性に優れる。よって、高い接合強度を確保しつつ、シリコン酸化膜45上の接続電極421を剥がしやすい。Ptは硬く、エッチングし難い材料であるが、下層4210の、下地電極420またはシリコン酸化膜45に対する密着力の差を利用することで、シリコン酸化膜45上の下層4210、ひいては上層4211を除去することができる。よって、下地電極420上の接続電極421を残すことができる。
この実施形態は、先行する実施形態を基礎的形態とする変形例であり、先行実施形態の記載を援用できる。先行実施形態では、接続電極が、シリコン酸化膜上に配置された部分を除去(剥離)してなる層のみを有していた。これに代えて、保護膜の形成後に開口部内に配置されためっき層を有してもよい。
本実施形態の接続電極421は、上記したように、めっき層である上層4213を有している。上層4213の外周端と保護膜46との境界は、平面視において下地電極420およびアクティブ領域410上にある。熱応力が上層4213の外周端と保護膜46との境界に集中しても、境界の直下に位置する下層4212(Ni層)は、下地電極420(Al合金)よりも硬い。また、下層4212の外周端と保護膜46との境界を、アクティブ領域410の外側に設けているため、熱応力が分散する。よって、下地電極420にクラックが生じ、ひいてはアクティブ領域410がダメージを受けるのを抑制することができる。
この実施形態は、先行する実施形態を基礎的形態とする変形例であり、先行実施形態の記載を援用できる。先行実施形態では、接続電極の一部が保護膜によって覆われていた。これに代えて、保護膜の開口部のみに配置された接続電極を採用してもよい。
本実施形態では、接続電極421と保護膜46との境界を、アクティブ領域410の外周端410aよりも外側に設けている。したがって、パワーサイクルや冷熱サイクル等の熱応力が境界の直下部分に集中しても、アクティブ領域410にクラックが進展し難い。以上より、熱応力によってアクティブ領域410がダメージを受けるのを抑制することができる。
この明細書および図面等における開示は、例示された実施形態に制限されない。開示は、例示された実施形態と、それらに基づく当業者による変形態様を包含する。たとえば、開示は、実施形態において示された部品および/または要素の組み合わせに限定されない。開示は、多様な組み合わせによって実施可能である。開示は、実施形態に追加可能な追加的な部分をもつことができる。開示は、実施形態の部品および/または要素が省略されたものを包含する。開示は、ひとつの実施形態と他の実施形態との間における部品および/または要素の置き換え、または組み合わせを包含する。開示される技術的範囲は、実施形態の記載に限定されない。開示されるいくつかの技術的範囲は、請求の範囲の記載によって示され、さらに請求の範囲の記載と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更を含むものと解されるべきである。
Claims (11)
- 電力変換部(6)を構成する半導体素子(40)を備えた半導体装置であって、
前記半導体素子は、
板厚方向において表面(41a)側に設けられた素子形成領域であるアクティブ領域(410)と、前記板厚方向からの平面視において前記アクティブ領域を取り囲む外周領域(411)と、を有する半導体基板(41)と、
前記表面上に形成された下地電極(420)と、前記下地電極上に形成された接続電極(421)と、を有する表面電極(42)と、
前記接続電極をはんだ接合可能に露出させる開口部(46a)を有し、前記下地電極の周縁部(420a)および前記接続電極の外周端(421b)を覆うように配置された保護膜(46)と、を備え、
前記接続電極の前記外周端と前記保護膜との境界が、前記板厚方向からの平面視において、前記外周領域と重なる位置に設けられており、
前記表面において前記表面電極との接続部分を除く部分の全域に形成されたシリコン酸化膜(45)をさらに備え、
前記下地電極の前記周縁部である第1周縁部は、前記シリコン酸化膜において前記保護膜により覆われた部分の上に積層され、
前記接続電極は、前記第1周縁部上に積層され、前記保護膜により覆われた第2周縁部(421a)を有し、
前記接続電極は、Ni、Pd、Au、Pt、Agのいずれかを含む金属層を少なくともひとつ含む半導体装置。 - 前記シリコン酸化膜の膜内残留応力は圧縮応力であり、
前記接続電極の膜内残留応力は引張応力である請求項1に記載の半導体装置。 - 電力変換部(6)を構成する半導体素子(40)を備えた半導体装置であって、
前記半導体素子は、
板厚方向において表面(41a)側に設けられた素子形成領域であるアクティブ領域(410)と、前記板厚方向からの平面視において前記アクティブ領域を取り囲む外周領域(411)と、を有する半導体基板(41)と、
前記表面上に形成された下地電極(420)と、前記下地電極上に形成された接続電極(421)と、を有する表面電極(42)と、
前記接続電極をはんだ接合可能に露出させる開口部(46a)を有し、前記下地電極の周縁部(420a)および前記接続電極の外周端(421b)を覆うように配置された保護膜(46)と、を備え、
前記接続電極の前記外周端と前記保護膜との境界が、前記板厚方向からの平面視において、前記外周領域と重なる位置に設けられており、
前記表面において前記表面電極との接続部分を除く部分の全域に形成されたシリコン酸化膜(45)をさらに備え、
前記下地電極の前記周縁部である第1周縁部は、前記シリコン酸化膜において前記保護膜により覆われた部分の上に積層され、
前記接続電極は、前記第1周縁部上に積層され、前記保護膜により覆われた第2周縁部(421a)を有し、
前記シリコン酸化膜の膜内残留応力は圧縮応力であり、
前記接続電極の膜内残留応力は引張応力である半導体装置。 - 前記保護膜において前記開口部を規定する開口端(46c)が、前記平面視において、前記接続電極の外周端よりも内側であって、前記アクティブ領域と重なる位置に設けられている請求項1~3いずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記保護膜において前記開口部を規定する開口端(46c)が、前記平面視において、前記外周領域と重なる位置に設けられている請求項1~3いずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 電力変換部(6)を構成する半導体素子(40)を備えた半導体装置であって、
前記半導体素子は、
板厚方向において表面(41a)側に設けられた素子形成領域であるアクティブ領域(410)と、前記板厚方向からの平面視において前記アクティブ領域を取り囲む外周領域(411)と、を有する半導体基板(41)と、
前記表面上に形成された下地電極(420)と、前記下地電極上に形成された接続電極(421)と、を有する表面電極(42)と、
前記接続電極をはんだ接合可能に露出させる開口部(46a)を有し、前記下地電極の周縁部(420a)および前記接続電極の外周端(421b)を覆うように配置された保護膜(46)と、を備え、
前記接続電極の前記外周端と前記保護膜との境界が、前記板厚方向からの平面視において、前記外周領域と重なる位置に設けられており、
前記表面において前記表面電極との接続部分を除く部分の全域に形成されたシリコン酸化膜(45)をさらに備え、
前記下地電極の前記周縁部である第1周縁部は、前記シリコン酸化膜において前記保護膜により覆われた部分の上に積層され、
前記接続電極は、前記第1周縁部上に積層され、前記保護膜により覆われた第2周縁部(421a)を有し、
前記保護膜において前記開口部を規定する開口端(46c)が、前記平面視において、前記外周領域と重なる位置に設けられている半導体装置。 - 前記接続電極は、前記平面視において、前記下地電極と一致するように配置されている請求項1~6いずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 電力変換部(6)を構成する半導体素子(40)を備えた半導体装置であって、
前記半導体素子は、
板厚方向において表面(41a)側に設けられた素子形成領域であるアクティブ領域(410)と、前記板厚方向からの平面視において前記アクティブ領域を取り囲む外周領域(411)と、を有する半導体基板(41)と、
前記表面上に形成された下地電極(420)と、前記下地電極上に形成された接続電極(421)と、を有する表面電極(42)と、
前記接続電極をはんだ接合可能に露出させる開口部(46a)を有し、前記下地電極の周縁部(420a)および前記接続電極の外周端(421b)を覆うように配置された保護膜(46)と、を備え、
前記接続電極の前記外周端と前記保護膜との境界が、前記板厚方向からの平面視において、前記外周領域と重なる位置に設けられており、
前記接続電極は、前記開口部内のみに配置されており、前記開口部から露出する前記下地電極上に積層されている半導体装置。 - 電力変換部(6)を構成する半導体素子(40)を備えた半導体装置の製造方法であって、
板厚方向の表面(41a)側にアクティブ領域(410)を有し、前記アクティブ領域を取り囲む外周領域(411)を有する半導体ウエハ(41W)を準備し、
前記表面の全体にシリコン酸化膜(45)を成膜した後、前記シリコン酸化膜をパターニングして前記アクティブ領域を内包するようにコンタクトホール(45c)を形成し、
前記シリコン酸化膜を覆うように前記表面の全体に下地電極(420)を成膜した後、周縁部(420a)が前記シリコン酸化膜における前記コンタクトホールの周囲部分に重なるように前記下地電極をパターニングし、
前記下地電極および前記シリコン酸化膜を覆うように前記表面の全体に接続電極(421)を成膜した後、前記接続電極と前記下地電極または前記シリコン酸化膜との密着力の差により前記シリコン酸化膜上の前記接続電極を除去して、前記下地電極上に前記接続電極が積層配置された表面電極(42)を形成し、
前記表面電極および前記シリコン酸化膜を覆うように前記表面の全体に保護膜(46)を形成した後、前記保護膜をパターニングして、前記接続電極のはんだ接合部分が露出するように開口部(46a)を形成するとともにスクライブ領域(412)上の前記保護膜を除去し、
前記保護膜の形成後、前記スクライブ領域(412)に沿って前記半導体ウエハを分離して、前記半導体素子を形成する、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記接続電極を成膜後、液体または気体の吹き付けにより前記シリコン酸化膜から前記接続電極を剥がすことで、前記シリコン酸化膜上の前記接続電極を除去する請求項9に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記下地電極の形成後、前記下地電極および前記シリコン酸化膜に対して、フッ素系ガスを用いたプラズマ処理を行い、
前記プラズマ処理の実行後、前記接続電極を成膜する請求項9または請求項10に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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