JP7428790B2 - 抗う蝕活性を有する口腔ケア組成物 - Google Patents
抗う蝕活性を有する口腔ケア組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7428790B2 JP7428790B2 JP2022519096A JP2022519096A JP7428790B2 JP 7428790 B2 JP7428790 B2 JP 7428790B2 JP 2022519096 A JP2022519096 A JP 2022519096A JP 2022519096 A JP2022519096 A JP 2022519096A JP 7428790 B2 JP7428790 B2 JP 7428790B2
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- caries
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- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000009637 wintergreen oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013904 zinc acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011670 zinc gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011478 zinc gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000306 zinc gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011576 zinc lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000193 zinc lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940050168 zinc lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VUDJAFZYSMINQA-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc metaphosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]P(=O)=O.[O-]P(=O)=O VUDJAFZYSMINQA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OMSYGYSPFZQFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J zinc pyrophosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O OMSYGYSPFZQFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VRGNUPCISFMPEM-ZVGUSBNCSA-L zinc;(2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VRGNUPCISFMPEM-ZVGUSBNCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxalate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本明細書で使用される用語をより明確に定義するために、以下の定義が提供される。別途記載のない限り、以下の定義は、本開示に適用可能である。ある用語が本開示で使用されているが本明細書で具体的に定義されていない場合、その定義が、本明細書に適用される任意の他の開示又は定義と矛盾しない限り、又はその定義が適用される任意の請求項を不明確に又は不可能にしない限り、IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology,2nd Ed(1997)からの定義を適用することができる。
本明細書に記載の口腔ケア組成物は、1つ以上の抗う蝕剤を含んでいてよく、これらは共同で治療量の抗う蝕活性を示す。本明細書に記載されるように、治療量の抗う蝕活性は、米国における米国FDAなどの対象となる管轄の関連規制当局によって定義される。FDAでは、ペースト剤形(すなわち、ペースト歯磨剤)中のフッ化ナトリウムの治療量は850~1,150ppmであり、少なくとも650ppmの利用可能なフッ化物イオン濃度を有する。したがって、本発明の口腔ケア組成物は、治療量の抗う蝕活性に対応し得る、少なくとも、少なくとも約650ppm、800ppm、850ppm、1100ppm、1150ppm、1450ppm、及び/若しくは2800ppm、又はこれらよりも多くの遊離フッ化物イオンを含む組成物の抗う蝕効果と少なくともほぼ同等の抗う蝕効果を有することができる。
本明細書に記載される口腔ケア組成物は、1つ以上の抗う蝕組成物を含み、当該1つ以上の抗う蝕組成物は1つ以上の抗う蝕剤を含み、これらは個々には治療用量であっても治療量以下の用量であってもよい。
口腔ケア組成物は、1つ以上の抗う蝕剤を含み得、当該1つ以上の抗う蝕剤は、1つ以上の抗菌剤を含み得る。抗菌剤は、歯科う蝕の細菌による酸形成を抑制する任意の剤であり得る。好適な抗菌剤としては、Crest(登録商標)Cavity Protectionに対してΔpHを少なくとも約80%、又は約30%、60%、65%、75%、85%、90%、若しくは95%低減させ、それによって、ラットう蝕実験においてプラセボ又は水対照に対して少なくとも約9%、又は約1%、6%、7%、8%、10%、11%、若しくは12%う蝕を低減することができる剤が挙げられる。
口腔ケア組成物は、1つ以上の抗う蝕剤を含み得、当該1つ以上の抗う蝕剤は、1つ以上の表面吸着安定剤を含み得る。表面吸着安定剤は、エナメル質表面上に吸着することができる任意の剤であり得る。好適な表面吸着安定剤は、FフリーHAP溶解法において水に対して少なくとも17%、少なくとも5%、又は少なくとも20%、少なくとも30%、及び/又は少なくとも15%溶解度を低下させ、それによって、ラットう蝕実験においてプラセボ又は水対照に対して少なくとも5%、6%、7%、8%、9%、10%、11%、12%、13%、及び/又は18%う蝕を低減することができる任意の化合物であり得る。
本発明の口腔ケア組成物は、式I及び/又は式IVからの少なくとも1つのホップ化合物を含み得る。式I及び/又は式IVの化合物は、Humulus lupulus、すなわちホップからの抽出物、ホップ自体、合成的に誘導される化合物、及び/又はこれらの塩、プロドラッグ、若しくは他の類似体などの任意の好適な源によって提供され得る。ホップ抽出物は、1つ以上のホップアルファ酸、1つ以上のホップイソ-アルファ酸、1つ以上のホップベータ酸、1つ以上のホップ油、1つ以上のフラボノイド、1つ以上の溶媒、及び/又は水を含み得る。好適なホップアルファ酸(一般的に式Iに示される)は、フムロン(式II)、アドフムロン、コフムロン、ポストフムロン、プレフムロン、及び/又はこれらの混合物を含み得る。好適なホップイソ-アルファ酸は、シス-イソフムロン及び/又はトランス-イソフムロンを含み得る。フムロンのシス-イソフムロン及びトランス-イソフムロンへの異性化は、式IIIによって表すことができる。
口腔ケア組成物は、フッ化物を含み得る。フッ化物は、フッ化物イオン源によって提供され得る。フッ化物イオン源は、フッ化第一スズ、フッ化ナトリウム、フッ化カリウム、フッ化アミン、モノフルオロリン酸ナトリウム、フッ化亜鉛、及び/又はこれらの混合物などの1つ以上のフッ化物含有化合物を含むことができる。
本発明の口腔ケア組成物は、スズイオン源などからのスズを含み得る。スズイオン源は、口腔ケア組成物中にスズイオンを提供することができ、及び/又は歯磨剤組成物が口腔に適用されるときに、口腔にスズイオンを供給することができる任意の好適な化合物であり得る。スズイオン源は、フッ化第一スズ、塩化第一スズ、臭化第一スズ、ヨウ化第一スズ、酸化第一スズ、シュウ酸第一スズ、硫酸第一スズ、硫化第一スズ、フッ化第二スズ、塩化第二スズ、臭化第二スズ、ヨウ化第二スズ、硫化第二スズ、及び/又はこれらの混合物などの1つ以上のスズ含有化合物を含み得る。スズイオン源は、フッ化第一スズ、塩化第一スズ、及び/又はこれらの混合物を含み得る。スズイオン源はまた、塩化第一スズなどのフッ化物フリーのスズイオン源であってもよい。
本発明の口腔ケア組成物は、カルシウムイオン源などからのカルシウムを含み得る。カルシウムイオン源は、口腔ケア組成物中にカルシウムイオンを提供することができる、及び/又は口腔ケア組成物が口腔に適用されたときに、口腔にカルシウムイオンを送達することができる任意の好適な化合物又は分子であり得る。カルシウムイオン源は、カルシウム塩、カルシウム研磨剤、及び/又はこれらの組み合わせを含み得る。場合によっては、カルシウム塩をカルシウム研磨剤とみなすこともあり、又はカルシウム研磨剤をカルシウム塩とみなすこともある。
口腔ケア組成物は、緩衝剤を含み得る。緩衝剤は、口腔内の選択された部位で特定のpHを維持することができる弱酸又は塩基であり得る。例えば、緩衝剤は、細菌によって生成されるプラーク酸の影響を軽減するために、歯の表面におけるpHを維持することができる。緩衝剤は、口腔ケア組成物中にも存在するイオンの共役酸を含み得る。例えば、カルシウムイオン源が炭酸カルシウムを含む場合、緩衝剤は、重炭酸アニオン(-HCO3 -)を含み得る。緩衝剤は、クエン酸及びクエン酸ナトリウムなどの共役酸/塩基対を含み得る。
口腔ケア組成物は、1つ以上のバイオフィルム変性剤を含み得る。バイオフィルム変性剤は、ポリオール、アンモニア生成化合物、及び/又はグルコシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害剤を含み得る。
口腔ケア組成物は、1つ以上の金属イオンを含む金属イオン源などからの金属を含み得る。金属イオン源は、本明細書に記載されているように、スズイオン源及び/又は亜鉛イオン源を含んでいてもよく、又はそれに加えてもよい。好適な金属イオン源としては、Sn、Zn、Cu、Mn、Mg、Sr、Ti、Fe、Mo、B、Ba、Ce、Al、In及び/又はこれらの混合物などであるがこれらに限定されない金属イオンを有する化合物が挙げられる。微量金属源は、好適な金属並びに任意の付随するリガンド及び/又はアニオンを含む任意の化合物であり得る。
口腔ケア組成物はまた、歯の再石灰化に好適な生体活性物質も含むことができる。好適な生体活性物質としては、生体活性ガラス、Novamin(商標)、Recaldent(商標)、ヒドロキシアパタイト、1つ以上のアミノ酸、例えば、アルギニン、シトルリン、グリシン、リジン、若しくはヒスチジンなど、又はこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。アルギニンを含む組成物の好適な例は、参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に援用される米国特許第4,154,813号及び同第5,762,911号にみられる。他の好適な生体活性物質としては、任意のリン酸カルシウム化合物が挙げられる。他の好適な生体活性物質としては、カルシウム源及びホスフェート源を含む化合物が挙げられる。
口腔ケア組成物は、本明細書に記載のカルシウム研磨剤、及び/又は非カルシウム研磨剤、例えば、ベントナイト、シリカゲル(それ自体、及び任意の構造のもの)、沈降シリカ、非晶質沈降シリカ(それ自体、及び更に任意の構造のもの)、水和シリカ、パーライト、二酸化チタン、アルミナ、水和アルミナ、焼成アルミナ、ケイ酸アルミニウム、不溶性メタリン酸ナトリウム、不溶性メタリン酸カリウム、不溶性炭酸マグネシウム、ケイ酸ジルコニウム、粒子状熱硬化性樹脂、及び他の好適な研磨材料を含み得る。このような材料を口腔ケア組成物に導入して、標的歯磨剤製剤の研磨特性を調整することができる。口腔ケア組成物は、当該口腔ケア組成物の約5重量%~約70重量%、約10重量%~約50重量%、約10重量%~約60重量%、約20重量%~約50重量%、約25重量%~約40重量%、又は約1重量%~約50重量%の非カルシウム研磨剤を含み得る。
本発明の口腔ケア組成物は、無水、低含水製剤、又は高含水製剤であり得る。合計で、口腔ケア組成物は、当該組成物の0重量%~約99重量%、約5重量%~約75重量%、約20重量%以上、約30重量%以上、又は約50重量%以上の水を含み得る。好ましくは、水は、USP水である。
開示される組成物のpHは、約4~約10、約7~約10、7超~約10、8超~約10、7超、7.5超、8超、9超、又は約8.5~約10であり得る。
口腔ケア組成物は、亜鉛イオン源などからの亜鉛を含み得る。亜鉛イオン源は、フッ化亜鉛、乳酸亜鉛、酸化亜鉛、リン酸亜鉛、塩化亜鉛、酢酸亜鉛、ヘキサフルオロジルコン酸亜鉛、硫酸亜鉛、酒石酸亜鉛、グルコン酸亜鉛、クエン酸亜鉛、リンゴ酸亜鉛、グリシン酸亜鉛、ピロリン酸亜鉛、メタリン酸亜鉛、シュウ酸亜鉛、及び/又は炭酸亜鉛などの1つ以上の亜鉛含有化合物を含み得る。亜鉛イオン源は、リン酸亜鉛、酸化亜鉛、及び/又はクエン酸亜鉛などのフッ化物フリーの亜鉛イオン源であり得る。
口腔ケア組成物は、ポリホスフェート源などからのポリホスフェートを含み得る。ポリホスフェート源は、1つ以上のポリホスフェート分子を含み得る。ポリホスフェートは、オルトホスフェートの脱水及び縮合によって様々な鎖長の直鎖及び環状ポリホスフェートをもたらすことにより、得られる物質の部類である。したがって、ポリホスフェート分子は、一般に、以下に記載されるように、ポリホスフェート分子の平均数(n)で同定される。ポリホスフェートは一般に、主に直鎖構造に配置された2つ以上のホスフェート分子からなると理解されているが、いくつかの環状誘導体が存在する場合もある。
口腔ケア組成物は、1つ以上の保湿剤を含んでいてもよく、低濃度の保湿剤を含んでいてもよく、保湿剤を実質的に含んでいなくてもよく、実質的に含んでいなくてもよく、又は含んでいなくてもよい。湿潤剤は、口腔ケア組成物又は歯磨剤に濃度(body)又は「口当たり」を加えるだけでなく、歯磨剤が乾燥するのを防止する役割を果たす。好適な保湿剤としては、ポリエチレングリコール(様々な異なる分子量で)、プロピレングリコール、グリセリン(グリセロール)、エリスリトール、キシリトール、ソルビトール、マンニトール、ブチレングリコール、ラクチトール、加水分解水添デンプン、及び/又はこれらの混合物が挙げられる。口腔ケア組成物は、各々当該口腔ケア組成物の0~約70重量%、約5重量%~約50重量%、約10重量%~約60重量%、又は約20重量%~約80重量%の濃度で1つ以上の保湿剤を含み得る。
口腔ケア組成物は、1つ以上の界面活性剤を含み得る。界面活性剤は、組成物をより美容的に許容可能にするために使用することができる。界面活性剤は、好ましくは、組成物に洗浄性及び起泡性を付与する洗浄性材料である。好適な界面活性剤は、安全かつ有効な量のアニオン性、カチオン性、非イオン性、双性イオン性、両性、及びベタイン界面活性剤である。
口腔ケア組成物は、1つ以上の増粘剤を含み得る。増粘剤は、口腔ケア組成物において、歯磨剤及び/又は練り歯磨きを相分離に対して安定化させるゼラチン構造を提供するのに有用であり得る。好適な増粘剤としては、多糖類、ポリマー、及び/又はシリカ増粘剤が挙げられる。
本発明の口腔ケア組成物は、プレニル化フラボノイドを含み得る。フラボノイドは、広範囲の果物、野菜、穀物、樹皮、根、茎、花、茶、及びワインにみられる天然物質の群である。フラボノイドは、抗酸化、抗炎症、抗変異原性、抗癌、及び抗菌の効果などの健康に対する様々な有益な効果を有し得る。プレニル化フラボノイドは、細胞膜への結合を促進するために既に同定されている、少なくとも1つのプレニル官能基(式VIIIに示されるような3-メチルブタ-2-エン-1-イル)を含むフラボノイドである。したがって、理論に束縛されることを望むものではないが、フラボノイドへのプレニル基の付加、すなわちプレニル化は、親分子の親油性を高め、プレニル化分子の細菌細胞膜への浸透を改善することによって、元のフラボノイドの活性を増加させることができると考えられる。親油性を高めて細胞膜への浸透を増加させることは、プレニル化フラボノイドが高LogP値(高親油性)では不溶性に向かう傾向があるため、両刃の剣であり得る。LogPは、抗菌有効性の重要な指標であり得る。
口腔ケア組成物は、以下に記載されるように、着香剤、甘味料、着色剤、防腐剤、緩衝剤、又は口腔ケア組成物での使用に好適な他の成分などの様々な他の成分を含み得る。
ラットう蝕処理スラリー中のフッ化物含有量は、ADA1分間放出法を使用して推定することができる。正確な方法論は、そのシール承認プログラムの一部としてADAによって維持され、協会から入手可能である。本明細書で使用される方法の概要を以下に説明する。ADAはまた、口腔ケア製品中のイオン性フッ化物含有量を求めるための例示的なイオン選択的電極法のためのANSI/ADA標準116番の口腔すすぎ又はISO16408の歯科医-口腔衛生製品-口腔すすぎも参照する。
希釈係数:
NaF及びSnF2=4-(不溶性原材料の処方中%/100)
*不溶性原材料(IRM)としては、シリカ、二酸化チタン、雲母、及び顆粒が挙げられる。
インビトロ歯垢解糖モデル(iPGRM)は、歯垢をヒト唾液から成長させ、様々な剤で処理して治療の抗解糖活性を求める技術である。酵素の助けを借りて細菌が糖をエネルギーに変換すると、酸が形成される。これらの酸は、歯のエナメル質を脱灰し、損傷させる。この技術の目的は、処理化合物が、歯垢微生物が酸若しくは毒素を生成するために利用する代謝経路に対する阻害効果を有する及び/又はその成長を阻害するかどうかを判定するための簡便な方法を提供することである。ここでの研究の目的のために、試験治療用組成物がSnを含有する場合、Snプラセボを試験するか又は正確に制御しなければならない。更に、抗菌組成物は、抗菌組成物のみのiPGRM値を求めるために、そのプラセボに関して試験するべきである。これは、抗菌組成物に加えてバッファ、例えば、重炭酸塩、オルトリン酸塩、炭酸カルシウムが組成物中に存在する場合に重要である。
インビトロ歯垢取り込みモデル(iPUM)は、解凍した形態の凍結ヒト唾液から歯垢を成長させ、様々な剤で処理して、エナメル質成分の歯垢への取り込みを求める技術である。ガラスロッドを往復運動で培地に浸したり出したりすることによって、37℃で3日間にわたって、冷凍したプールされたヒト唾液及びトリプチカーゼ大豆ブロス(TSB)から歯垢バイオフィルムをガラスロッド上で成長させた。滅菌水中歯磨剤スラリー(1:5)で2分間処理した。処理後、バイオフィルムを乾燥させ、計量し、消化し、ISE(フッ化物)又はICP-OES(Ca、Sn、Znなど)のいずれかによって分析する。
選択した試験歯磨剤の酸保護を試験するために、HAP溶解方法を設計した。ヒドロキシアパタイト粉末(HAP)を試験歯磨剤スラリーで処理した後、このHAPを酸性媒体に添加し、pHの変化を表面吸着度の指標とする。pH上昇が小さいほど、表面保護がより良好になる。
抗う蝕性能を確立するために、過去60年にわたって本発明者らの実験室では、2つのラットう蝕方法を使用してきた。本明細書で最初に説明するのは、以前の方法である。後述する第2の方法が、最新の方法である。活性物質の相対的性能は、2つの方法で同様であり、同じ傾向が観察されるが、プラセボに対するう蝕の低減率の計算値は、わずかな調整を必要とする。この変換は、以前の方法のスコアから5.6%を差し引いて最新の方法の等価な値を得ることによって達成される。
0-部位でエナメル質も象牙質も染色されていない。
1-エナメル質のみ暗褐色で染色されている。
2-象牙質/エナメル接合部に延在するエナメル質は暗褐色で染色されているが、それ以上は染色されていない。
3-エナメル質を通って象牙質まで染色されている。
ここで使用される試験設計は、Fluoride Anti-Caries OTC MonographのFDA法#37にみられるものと同様である。主な変更は、使用した食餌(#469ではなくMIT200)、う蝕スコア方法(HMAではなくKeyes法)、及び処理頻度である。実験手順は、FDA規制パート58に従って行った。
1)死亡率データ実験段階
a.動物の初期数
b.動物の最終数
c.死亡率
2)成長データ実験段階
a.初期体重(平均±S.E.M.)
b.最終体重(平均±S.E.M.)
3)う蝕経験
a.平滑面(頬側、舌側)病変のエナメル質及び象牙質の併発(平均±S.E.M.)
b.隣接歯間病変のエナメル質及び象牙質の併発(平均±S.E.M.)
c.全平滑面(頬側、舌側、及び隣接歯間)病変のエナメル質及び象牙質の併発(平均±S.E.M.)
d.溝病変のエナメル質及び象牙質の併発(平均±S.E.M.)
e.平滑面、隣接歯間、及び溝のう蝕をスコアリングするKeyes法から得られたスコアを組み合わせる全う蝕併発(平均±S.E.M.)
1つ以上の保湿剤、水、甘味料(複数可)、スズイオン源、グルコン酸ナトリウム、及び/又は風味剤(複数可)を組み合わせて液体混合物を作製することによって、表1Aの口腔ケア組成物を調製した。液体混合物を25℃で2分間ホモジナイズした。次に、水酸化ナトリウム(50%溶液)を液体混合物に添加し、液体混合物を25℃で2分間ホモジナイズした。カルシウムイオン源の一部と、キサンタンガム及び/又はカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムなどの任意の増粘剤とを組み合わせることによって、別個の粉末混合物を調製した。次いで、粉末混合物を液体混合物と組み合わせた。次に、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウムなどの界面活性剤を混合物に添加した。内容物を25℃で2分間ホモジナイズした。次いで、ホップ抽出物を混合物と組み合わせ、25℃で2分間ホモジナイズした。最後に、カルシウムイオン源の残りの部分及び緩衝剤を混合物と組み合わせ、25℃で2分間ホモジナイズした。
市販の口腔ケア組成物の一部を量り分け、適切な量のホップベータ抽出物に混合することによって、市販の口腔ケア組成物をホップベータ酸と組み合わせた。組み合わせた口腔ケア組成物を25℃で少なくとも2分間ホモジナイズした。
Claims (5)
- 口腔ケア組成物であって、
(a)塩化第一スズである第1の治療量以下の抗う蝕剤と、
(b)ホップベータ酸である第2の治療量以下の抗う蝕剤と、
を含み、
前記口腔ケア組成物がフッ化物を含まず、前記第1及び第2の治療量以下の抗う蝕剤が、共同で、治療量の虫歯予防効果を有する、口腔ケア組成物。 - 前記口腔ケア組成物が、アミノ酸を含む、請求項1に記載の口腔ケア組成物。
- 前記アミノ酸が、グリシン、アラニン、バリン、イソロイシン、トリプトファン、フェニルアラニン、プロリン、メチオニン、ロイシン、セリン、スレオニン、チロシン、アスパラギン、グルタミン、システイン、シトルリン、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、リジン、アルギニン、ヒスチジン、又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項2に記載の口腔ケア組成物。
- 前記治療量の虫歯予防効果が、少なくとも650ppmの遊離フッ化物イオンを含む対照組成物のラットう蝕スコア以上のラットう蝕スコアを含む、請求項1に記載の口腔ケア組成物。
- 前記治療量の虫歯予防効果が、ラットう蝕試験において、25%超の虫歯の低減を含む、請求項1に記載の口腔ケア組成物。
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