CN114449996A - 包含啤酒花β酸和金属离子的口腔护理组合物 - Google Patents
包含啤酒花β酸和金属离子的口腔护理组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114449996A CN114449996A CN202080068615.1A CN202080068615A CN114449996A CN 114449996 A CN114449996 A CN 114449996A CN 202080068615 A CN202080068615 A CN 202080068615A CN 114449996 A CN114449996 A CN 114449996A
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- Prior art keywords
- oral care
- care composition
- calcium
- zinc
- combination
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Abstract
本发明公开了口腔护理组合物,其含有啤酒花β酸,诸如来自葎草科物种的提取物,和金属离子源,诸如锡离子源和/或锌离子源。公开了口腔护理组合物,其含有锡离子源和/或锌离子源以及一种或多种啤酒花β酸,诸如来自啤酒花的提取物。公开了口腔护理组合物,其含有锡离子源和/或锌离子源以及来源于啤酒花提取物的β酸。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有改进的抗糖酵解活性的组合物。本发明还涉及包含啤酒花β酸诸如来自啤酒花的提取物以及金属离子的组合物。
背景技术
口腔护理组合物(诸如牙膏和/或洁牙剂组合物)可施用于口腔以清洁和/或保持牙齿、牙龈和/或舌头的美观和/或健康。另外,许多口腔护理组合物用于将活性成分直接递送到口腔护理表面。例如,牙膏组合物可以具有金属离子源(诸如锡、铜和/或锌)作为阳离子抗微生物剂。
遗憾的是,金属离子源(诸如锡、铜和/或锌)可以与许多其他口腔护理组分反应。在许多制剂中,添加额外的金属离子源以增加抗菌活性,但它们也遭受反应性问题。因此,需要不会造成金属离子源的一些稳定性问题的抗菌剂。因此,需要一种含有不同抗菌剂的口腔护理组合物,其可以任选地与金属离子源组合,提供改进的抗糖酵解活性。
发明内容
本文公开了一种口腔护理组合物,该口腔护理组合物包含(a)按组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%的啤酒花β酸;(b)按组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%的金属离子源;以及(c)按组合物的重量计约0.01%至约50%的钙离子源。
本文还公开了一种口腔护理组合物,该口腔护理组合物包含:(a)按组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%的啤酒花β酸;以及(b)按组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%的金属离子源,其中口腔护理组合物不含二氧化硅。
本文还公开了一种口腔护理组合物,该口腔护理组合物包含:(a)按组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%的啤酒花β酸;(b)按组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%的氟化亚锡;(c)按组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%的金属离子源;以及(d)按组合物的重量计约10%至约50%的钙离子源,其中组合物不含二氧化硅磨料。
本文还公开了一种口腔护理组合物,该口腔护理组合物包含:(a)按组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%的啤酒花β酸;(b)按组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%的金属离子源,其中口腔护理组合物不含Gantrez。
本文还公开了一种减少口腔中的细菌和/或治疗口腔恶臭的方法,该方法包括:(a)提供所公开的口腔护理组合物中的任一种,(b)使口腔与所公开的口腔护理组合物每天接触至少两次,持续至少3天。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及含有啤酒花β酸(诸如来自啤酒花的提取物)和金属离子的口腔护理组合物,其提供出乎意料的高抗糖酵解活性。如本文进一步所述,啤酒花β酸,特别是啤酒花β酸与啤酒花α酸比例高的啤酒花的提取物,以及金属离子表现出抗糖酵解活性。另外,啤酒花β酸和金属离子的组合提供甚至更大的抗糖酵解益处,这是出乎意料的,因为多种金属离子的组合不会同样多地提高抗糖酵解活性。
虽然不希望受理论束缚,但据信所公开的口腔护理组合物与附加的抗菌和/或抗糖酵解活性相比具有另外的作用机制。虽然不希望受理论束缚,但是据信啤酒花β酸可以分配到糖酵解细菌的细胞膜中并且充当离子载体,将金属(诸如锡和/或锌)引入细胞中并降低糖酵解细菌对低pH环境的耐受性。因此,啤酒花β酸提供其自身的抗糖酵解活性和增强金属离子的活性的机制。这增加了超过通过简单地组合两种抗菌剂所预期的抗糖酵解活性。相反,啤酒花β酸和金属离子的组合相对于不含抗菌剂/抗糖酵解剂的对照口腔护理组合物显示出几乎100%的酸抑制。
定义
为了更清楚地定义本文所用的术语,提供了以下定义。除非另外指明,以下定义均适用于本公开。如果在本公开中使用术语但未在本文中具体定义,则可应用来自IUPACCompendium ofChemical Terminology第2版(1997)的定义,只要该定义不与本文应用的任何其他公开或定义相冲突,或者不使应用该定义的任何权利要求不确定或不能实现。
如本文所用,术语“口腔护理组合物”包括在普通使用过程中不是用于吞咽以用于特定治疗剂的全身给药的目的,而是在口腔中保留足够长的时间以接触牙齿表面或口腔组织的产品。口腔护理组合物的示例包括洁牙剂、牙膏、牙胶、龈下凝胶、漱口水、摩丝、泡沫、口喷剂、锭剂、咀嚼片、口香糖、牙齿美白条、牙线和牙线涂层、口气清新可溶性条、或者义齿护理或粘合剂产品。口腔护理组合物还可掺入条或膜上以用于直接施用或附接到口腔表面。
可用于本文中的“活性成分和其他成分”可根据其美容和/或治疗有益效果或其假定的作用或运行模式来在本文中分类或描述。然而应当理解,在一些情况下,可用于本文的活性物质和其他成分可提供多于一种美容和/或治疗有益效果,或者经由不止一种作用模式起作用或运行。因此,本文的分类只是为了方便起见,而并不旨在将成分限制在所列的具体指定的功能或活性。
术语“口部可接受的载体”包括一种或多种适用于局部口腔给药的相容的固体或液体赋形剂或稀释剂。如本文所用,所谓“相容的”是指组合物的组分能够混合但不相互作用,所述相互作用会显著降低组合物的稳定性和/或功效。
如本文所用,术语“基本上不含”是指按此类组合物的总重量计,组合物中存在不超过0.05%、优选地不超过0.01%并且更优选地不超过0.001%的指定材料。
如本文所用,术语“实质上不含”是指所指示的材料不是被有意加入到组合物,或者优选地不以分析可检测的水平存在。这是指包括其中指示的材料仅作为有意加入的其他材料中的一种中的杂质而存在的组合物。
虽然本文以“包括”各种组分或步骤的方式描述组合物和方法,但除非另外指明,所述组合物和方法也可“基本上由”或“由”各种组分或步骤组成。
如本文所用,词语“或”当用作两个或更多个元素的连词时,是指包括单独的所述元素或所述元素的组合;例如X或Y,是指X或Y或两者。
如本文所用,冠词“一个”和“一种”被理解为受权利要求书保护的或描述的一种或多种材料,例如,“口腔护理组合物”或“漂白剂”。
除非另外指明,否则本文提及的所有测量均在约23℃(即室温)处进行。
一般来讲,使用Chemical andEngineeringNews,63(5),27,1985中公布的元素周期表的版本中所示的编号方案来指示元素族。在一些情况下,元素族可使用分配到该族的通用名称指示;例如,对于1族的碱金属元素、对于2族的碱土金属元素,诸如此类。
本发明公开了几种类型的范围。当公开或以权利要求书保护任何类型的范围时,其目的在于单独公开或以权利要求书保护此类范围可合理涵盖的每个可能数值,包括该范围的端点以及其中涵盖的任何子范围和子范围的组合。
术语“约”意指数量、尺寸、配方、参数以及其他数量和特性不是且不必是精确的,但可根据需要为近似和/或更大或更小,从而反映公差、转换因子、四舍五入、测量误差等等,以及本领域技术人员已知的其他因素。一般来讲,无论是否进行此类明确表述,数量、尺寸、配方、参数或其他量或特性均为“约”或“近似”。术语“约”还涵盖由于由特定初始混合物产生的对于组合物的不同平衡条件而不同的量。无论是否由术语“约”修饰,权利要求均包括数量的等同量。术语“约”可意指在报告数值10%内的值,优选在报告数值5%内的值。
口腔护理组合物可为任何合适的形式,诸如固体、液体、粉末、糊剂或它们的组合。口腔护理组合物可为洁牙剂、牙胶、龈下凝胶、漱口液、摩丝、泡沫、口喷剂、锭剂、咀嚼片、口香糖、牙齿美白条、牙线和牙线涂层、口气清新可溶性条或者义齿护理或粘合剂产品。可将洁牙剂组合物的组分掺入到膜、条、泡沫或纤维基洁牙剂组合物中。口腔护理组合物可包含多种活性和非活性成分,诸如例如但不限于啤酒花提取物、锡离子源、钙离子源、水、氟离子源、锌离子源、一种或多种多磷酸盐、湿润剂、表面活性剂、其他成分等以及它们的任何组合,如下所述。
下面提供节标题只是仅了组织和方便。节标题并不表示化合物不能在多个节中。实际上,化合物可落入多于一个节内。例如,氯化亚锡既可以是锡离子源又可以是生物膜改性剂,氟化亚锡既可以是锡离子源又可以是氟离子源,甘氨酸可以是氨基酸、缓冲剂和/或生物膜改性剂,以及可以适合多个类别和/或节中的许多其他化合物。
啤酒花
本发明的口腔护理组合物包含式I和/或式IV的至少一种啤酒花化合物。式I和/或式IV的化合物可以由任何合适的来源提供,诸如来自啤酒花或蛇麻花的提取物、啤酒花本身、其合成衍生化合物和/或盐、前药或其他类似物。啤酒花提取物可包含一种或多种啤酒花α酸、一种或多种啤酒花异α酸、一种或多种啤酒花β酸、一种或多种啤酒花油、一种或多种类黄酮、一种或多种溶剂和/或水。合适的啤酒花α酸(一般以式I表示)可以包括葎草酮(式II)、聚葎草酮、类葎草酮、后葎草酮、前葎草酮和/或它们的混合物。合适的啤酒花异α酸可以包括顺式异葎草酮和/或反式异葎草酮。葎草酮异构化为顺式异葎草酮和反式异葎草酮可由式III表示。
式I.啤酒花异α酸A是α位的酸性羟基官能团,B是β位的酸性羟基官能团,并且R是烷基官能团。
式II.葎草酮
式III.葎草酮异构化为异葎草酮。
合适的啤酒花β酸可以包括蛇麻酮、类蛇麻酮、加蛇麻酮和/或它们的混合物。合适的啤酒花β酸可以包括式IV、V、VI和/或VII中描述的化合物。
式IV.啤酒花β酸。B是β位的酸性羟基官能团,并且R是烷基官能团。
式V.蛇麻酮
式VI.加蛇麻酮
式VII.类蛇麻酮
虽然啤酒花α酸可以表现出一些抗菌活性,但是啤酒花α酸也具有苦味。啤酒花α酸提供的苦味可以适用于啤酒,但不适用于口腔护理组合物。相比之下,啤酒花β酸可以与较高的抗菌和/或防龋活性相关,但味道不那么苦。因此,比通常在自然界中发现的具有更高比例的β酸与α酸的啤酒花提取物可以适用于口腔护理组合物,用作抗菌剂和/或防龋剂。
取决于啤酒花的种类,天然啤酒花来源可以包含按啤酒花来源的重量计约2%至约12%的啤酒花β酸。在其他情况下使用的啤酒花提取物,诸如在啤酒的酿造中,可以包含按提取物的重量计约15%至约35%的啤酒花β酸。本文所需的啤酒花提取物可以包含至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、约35%至约95%、约40%至约90%、或约45%至约99%的啤酒花β酸。啤酒花β酸可以呈酸性形式(即,具有连接到羟基官能团的氢原子)或盐形式。
合适的啤酒花提取物在美国专利号7,910,140中有详细描述,该专利全文以引用方式并入本文。所需的啤酒花β酸可以是非氢化的,通过非天然发生的化学反应部分氢化,或通过非天然发生的化学反应氢化。啤酒花β酸可以实质上不含或基本上不含氢化啤酒花β酸和/或啤酒花酸。非天然发生的化学反应是借助啤酒花中不存在的化合物进行的化学反应,诸如在野生啤酒花通常不会经历的高温下和/或金属催化剂中进行的化学加氢反应。
天然啤酒花来源可以包含按啤酒花来源的重量计约2%至约12%的啤酒花α酸。在其他情况下使用的啤酒花提取物,诸如在啤酒的酿造中,可以包含按提取物的重量计约15%至约35%的啤酒花α酸。本文所需的啤酒花提取物可以包含按提取物的重量计小于约10%、小于约5%、小于约1%、或小于约0.5%的啤酒花α酸。
啤酒花油可以包含萜烯烃,诸如月桂烯、葎草烯、石竹烯和/或它们的混合物。本文所需的啤酒花提取物可以包含按提取物的重量计小于5%、小于2.5%、或小于2%的一种或多种啤酒花油。
啤酒花提取物中存在的类黄酮可以包括黄腐酚、8-异戊二烯柚皮素、异黄腐酚和/或它们的混合物。啤酒花提取物可以实质上不含、基本上不含或具有小于250ppm、小于150ppm和/或小于100ppm的一种或多种类黄酮。
如美国专利号5,370,863中所述,先前已将啤酒花酸添加到口腔护理组合物中。然而,美国专利号5,370,863所教导的口腔护理组合物仅包含按口腔护理组合物的重量计至多0.01%。尽管不希望受理论束缚,但据信美国专利号5,370,863仅可掺入少量的啤酒花酸,因为啤酒花α酸具有苦味。具有低含量的啤酒花α酸的啤酒花提取物不具有这一问题。
啤酒花化合物可以与另一种植物诸如木兰属(Magnolia)物种的提取物组合或不含另一种植物的提取物。啤酒花化合物可以与三氯生组合或不含三氯生。
口腔护理组合物可以包含约0.01%至约10%、大于0.01%至约10%、约0.05%,至约10%、约0.1%至约10%、约0.2%至约10%、约0.2%至约10%、约0.2%至约5%、约0.25%至约2%、约0.05%至约2%、或大于0.25%至约2%的啤酒花β酸,如本文所述。啤酒花β酸可以由合适的啤酒花提取物、啤酒花植物本身或合成衍生化合物提供。啤酒花β酸可以作为中性、酸性化合物和/或作为具有合适的抗衡离子诸如钠、钾、氨或任何其他合适的抗衡离子的盐提供。
啤酒花β酸可以由啤酒花提取物提供,诸如来自啤酒花的提取物,其具有按提取物的重量计至少35%的啤酒花β酸和按啤酒花提取物的重量计小于1%的啤酒花α酸。口腔护理组合物可以包含0.01%至约10%、大于0.01%至约10%、约0.05%,至约10%、约0.1%至约10%、约0.2%至约10%、约0.2%至约10%、约0.2%至约5%、约0.25%至约2%、约0.05%至约2%、或大于0.25%至约2%的啤酒花提取物,如本文所述。
金属离子源
如本文所述的口腔护理组合物包含金属,诸如来自包含一种或多种金属离子的金属离子源。如本文所述,金属离子源可包含锡离子源和/或锌离子源或除锡离子源和/或锌离子源之外。合适的金属离子源包括具有金属离子的化合物,诸如但不限于Sn、Zn、Cu、Mn、Mg、Sr、Ti、Fe、Mo、B、Ba、Ce、Al、In和/或它们的混合物。痕量金属源可为具有合适的金属和任何相伴配体和/或阴离子的任何化合物。
可与金属离子源配对的合适配体和/或阴离子包括但不限于乙酸根、硫酸铵、苯甲酸根、溴离子、硼酸根、碳酸根、氯离子、柠檬酸根、葡糖酸根、甘油磷酸根、氢氧根、碘离子、草酸根、氧化物、丙酸根、D-乳酸根、DL-乳酸根、正磷酸根、焦磷酸根、硫酸根、硝酸根、酒石酸根、和/或它们的混合物。
口腔护理组合物可包含约0.01%至约10%、约1%至约5%或约0.5%至约15%的金属离子源。
锡离子源
本发明的口腔护理组合物可包含锡,诸如来自锡离子源。锡离子源可为任何合适的化合物,当将洁牙剂组合物施用到口腔中时,该化合物可在口腔护理组合物中提供锡离子和/或将锡离子递送到口腔中。锡离子源可包含一种或多种含锡化合物,诸如氟化亚锡、氯化亚锡、溴化亚锡、碘化亚锡、氧化亚锡、草酸亚锡、硫酸亚锡、硫化亚锡、氟化锡、氯化锡、溴化锡、碘化锡、硫化锡和/或它们的混合物。锡离子源可包含氟化亚锡、氯化亚锡和/或它们的混合物。锡离子源也可以是不含氟的锡离子源,诸如氯化亚锡。
口腔护理组合物可包含按该口腔护理组合物的重量计约0.0025%至约5%、约0.01%至约10%、约0.2%至约1%、约0.5%至约1.5%或约0.3%至约0.6%的锡离子源。
锌离子源
口腔护理组合物可包含锌,诸如来自锌离子源。锌离子源可包含一种或多种含锌化合物,诸如氟化锌、乳酸锌、氧化锌、磷酸锌、氯化锌、乙酸锌、六氟锆酸锌、硫酸锌、酒石酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌、柠檬酸锌、苹果酸锌、甘氨酸锌、焦磷酸锌、偏磷酸锌、草酸锌和/或碳酸锌。锌离子源可以是不含氟锌离子源,诸如磷酸锌、氧化锌和/或柠檬酸锌。
锌离子源可以按口腔护理组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%、约0.2%至约1%、约0.5%至约1.5%或约0.3%至约0.6%的量存在于总洁牙剂组合物中。
氟离子源
口腔护理组合物可包含氟化物,诸如来自氟离子源。氟离子源可包含一种或多种含氟化物,诸如氟化亚锡、氟化钠、氟化钛、氟化钙、磷酸钙硅酸盐氟化物、氟化钾、氟化胺、单氟磷酸钠、氟化锌和/或它们的混合物。
氟离子源和锡离子源可为相同的化合物,例如,氟化亚锡,其可生成锡离子和氟离子。另外,氟离子源和锡离子源可为单独的化合物,诸如当锡离子源为氯化亚锡并且氟离子源为单氟磷酸钠或氟化钠时。
氟离子源和锌离子源可为相同的化合物,例如,氟化锌,其可生成锌离子和氟离子。另外,氟离子源和锌离子源可为单独的化合物,诸如当锌离子源为磷酸锌并且氟离子源为氟化亚锡时。
氟离子源可实质上不含、基本上不含或不含氟化亚锡。因此,口腔护理组合物可包含氟化钠、氟化钾、氟化胺、单氟磷酸钠、氟化锌和/或它们的混合物。
口腔护理组合物可包含能够提供约50ppm至约5000ppm并且优选地约500ppm至约3000ppm的游离氟离子的氟离子源。为递送所期望量的氟离子,氟离子源可以按口腔护理组合物的重量计约0.0025%至约5%、约0.01%至约10%、约0.2%至约1%、约0.5%至约1.5%、或约0.3%至约0.6%的量存在于口腔护理组合物中。另选地,口腔护理组合物可包含小于0.1%、小于0.01%、实质上不含、基本上不含或不含氟离子源。
Ca离子源
本发明的口腔护理组合物可包含钙,诸如来自钙离子源。钙离子源可为任何合适的化合物或分子,当将口腔护理组合物施用到口腔中时,该化合物或分子可在口腔护理组合物中提供钙离子和/或将钙离子递送到口腔中。钙离子源可包含钙盐、钙磨料和/或它们的组合。在一些情况下,钙盐也可以被认为是钙磨料,或者钙磨料也可以被认为是钙盐。
钙离子源可包含钙磨料。钙磨料可为任何合适的磨料化合物,当将口腔护理组合物施用到口腔中时,该磨料化合物可在口腔护理组合物中提供钙离子和/或将钙离子递送到口腔中。钙磨料可包含一种或多种钙磨料化合物,诸如碳酸钙、沉淀碳酸钙(PCC)、研磨碳酸钙(GCC)、白垩、磷酸二钙、焦磷酸钙和/或它们的混合物。
钙离子源可包含钙盐,或当将口腔护理组合物施用到口腔中时,可在口腔护理组合物中提供钙离子和/或将钙离子递送到口腔中的不能充当磨料的化合物。钙盐可包括一种或多种钙化合物,诸如氯化钙、硝酸钙、磷酸钙、乳酸钙、草酸钙、氧化钙、葡萄糖酸钙、柠檬酸钙、溴化钙、碘酸钙、碘化钙、羟基磷灰石、氟磷灰石、硫酸钙、甘油磷酸钙和/或它们的组合。
口腔护理组合物可包含约5%至约70%、约10%至约50%、约10%至约60%、约20%至约50%、约25%至约40%或约1%至约50%的钙离子源。
缓冲剂
口腔护理组合物可包含缓冲剂。缓冲剂可以是弱酸或弱碱,它可以在口腔中的选定部位维持特定pH。例如,缓冲剂可以维持牙齿表面的pH,以减轻细菌产生的牙菌斑酸的影响。缓冲剂可包含也存在于口腔护理组合物中的离子的共轭酸。例如,如果钙离子源包含碳酸钙,则缓冲剂可以包含碳酸氢根阴离子(-HCO3 -)。缓冲剂可包含共轭酸/碱对,诸如柠檬酸和柠檬酸钠。
合适的缓冲体系可包含磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐、碳酸盐/碳酸氢盐、三羟甲基氨基甲烷缓冲液、咪唑、脲、硼酸盐和/或它们的组合。合适的缓冲剂包括碳酸氢盐,诸如碳酸氢钠、甘氨酸、正磷酸盐、精氨酸、脲和/或它们的组合。
口腔护理组合物可包含约1%至约30%、约5%至约25%或约10%至约20%的一种或多种缓冲剂。
生物膜改性剂
口腔护理组合物可包含一种或多种生物膜改性剂。生物膜改性剂可包括多元醇、氨生成化合物和/或葡糖基转移酶抑制剂。
多元醇是具有多于一个羟基官能团的有机化合物。多元醇可为在使用前储存口腔护理组合物时可与锡离子弱缔合、相互作用或键合的任何合适的化合物。多元醇可以是糖醇,其是一类可通过具有式(CHOH)nH2的糖化合物的氢化获得的多元醇。多元醇可以是甘油、赤藓醇、木糖醇、山梨醇、甘露糖醇、丁二醇、乳糖醇和/或它们的组合。口腔护理组合物可包含按该口腔护理组合物的重量计0.01%至约70%、约5%至约70%、约5%至约50%、约10%至约60%、约10%至约25%或约20%至约80%的多元醇。
氨生成化合物可以是在递送到口腔时可以生成氨的任何合适的化合物。合适的氨生成化合物包括精氨酸、脲和/或它们的组合。口腔护理组合物可包含约0.01%至约10%、约1%至约5%或约1%至约25%的一种或多种氨生成化合物。
葡糖基转移酶抑制剂可以是可以抑制葡糖基转移酶的任何合适的化合物。葡糖基转移酶是可以建立天然糖苷键的酶。具体地,这些酶将多糖或寡糖部分分解成单糖,用于与龋齿相关的细菌。因此,可以抑制此过程的任何化合物都可以帮助预防龋齿。合适的葡糖基转移酶抑制剂包括油酸、表儿茶素、单宁、单宁酸、门诺霉素、卡泊芬净、乙胺丁醇、氯芬奴隆和/或它们的组合。口腔护理组合物可包含约0.001%至约5%、约0.01%至约2%或约1%的一种或多种葡糖基转移酶抑制剂。
抗菌剂
口腔护理组合物可包含一种或多种抗菌剂。合适的抗菌剂包括在口腔中提供抗菌活性的任何分子。合适的抗菌剂包括啤酒花酸、锡离子源、苯甲醇、苯甲酸钠、乙酸薄荷基甘油酯、乳酸薄荷酯、L-薄荷醇、邻新薄荷醇、叶绿酸铜络合物、苯酚、羟喹啉和/或它们的组合。
口腔护理组合物可包含约0.01%至约10%、约1%至约5%或约0.5%至约15%的抗菌剂。
生物活性物质
口腔护理组合物还可包含适于牙齿再矿化的生物活性物质。合适的生物活性物质包括生物活性玻璃、NovaminTM、RecaldentTM、羟基磷灰石、一种或多种氨基酸(例如,精氨酸、瓜氨酸、甘氨酸、赖氨酸或组氨酸)或它们的组合。包含精氨酸的组合物的合适示例可见于美国专利号4,154,813和5,762,911,这两篇专利全文以引用方式并入本文。其他合适的生物活性物质包括任何磷酸钙化合物。其他合适的生物活性物质包括包含钙源和磷酸盐源的化合物。
氨基酸是含有胺官能团、羧基官能团和每个氨基酸特有的侧链的有机化合物。合适的氨基酸包括例如具有正或负侧链的氨基酸、具有酸性或碱性侧链的氨基酸、具有极性不带电荷侧链的氨基酸、具有疏水侧链的氨基酸和/或它们的组合。合适的氨基酸还包括例如精氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、半胱氨酸、硒代半胱氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸、肌酸、二氨基丁酸、二氨基丙酸、它们的盐和/或它们的组合。
生物活性玻璃包含钙和/或磷酸盐,其可以类似于羟基磷灰石的比例存在。这些玻璃可粘结到组织并且是生物相容性的。生物活性玻璃可包含磷酸肽、钙源、磷酸盐源、二氧化硅源、钠源和/或它们的组合。
口腔护理组合物可包含按该口腔护理组合物的重量计约0.01%至约20%,约0.1%至约10%或约1%至约10%的生物活性物质。
磨料
口腔护理组合物可以包含钙磨料,如本文所述,和/或非钙磨料,诸如膨润土、硅胶(单独的,并且具有任何结构)、沉淀二氧化硅、无定形沉淀二氧化硅(单独的,并且也具有任何结构)、二氧化硅水合物、珍珠岩、二氧化钛、焦磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙二水合物、氧化铝、氧化铝水合物、煅烧氧化铝、硅酸铝、不溶性偏磷酸钠、不溶性偏磷酸钾、不溶性碳酸镁、硅酸锆、微粒热固性树脂和其他合适的磨料材料。可将此类材料引入口腔护理组合物中以定制目标洁牙剂制剂的抛光特性。口腔护理组合物可包含按口腔护理组合物的重量计约5%至约70%、约10%至约50%、约10%至约60%、约20%至约50%、约25%至约40%或约1%至约50%的非钙磨料。
另选地,口腔护理组合物可基本上不含、实质上不含或不含二氧化硅、氧化铝或任何其他非钙磨料。口腔护理组合物可包含少于约5%、少于约1%、少于约0.5%、少于约0.1%或0%的非钙磨料,诸如二氧化硅和/或氧化铝。
水
本发明的口腔护理组合物可为无水制剂、低水制剂或高水制剂。总体而言,口腔护理组合物可包含按组合物的重量计0%至约99%、约5%至约75%、约20%或更多、约30%或更多或者约50%或更多的水。优选地,水为USP水。
在高水口腔护理组合物和/或牙膏制剂中,口腔护理组合物包含按该组合物的重量计约45%至约75%的水。高水口腔护理组合物和/或牙膏制剂可包含按组合物的重量计约45%至约65%、约45%至约55%、或约46%至约54%的水。可将水加入高水制剂中,并且/或者水可因包含其他成分而进入组合物中。
在低水口腔护理组合物和/或牙膏制剂中,口腔护理组合物包含按该组合物的重量计约5%至约45%的水。低水口腔护理组合物可包含按组合物的重量计约5%至约35%、约10%至约25%或约20%至约25%的水。可将水加入低水制剂中,并且/或者水可因包含其他成分而进入组合物中。
在无水口腔护理组合物和/或牙膏制剂中,口腔护理组合物包含按该组合物的重量计小于约10%的水。无水组合物包含按组合物的重量计小于约5%、小于约1%或0%的水。可将水加入无水制剂中,并且/或者水可因包含其他成分而进入组合物中。
漱口液制剂包含约75%至约99%、约75%至约95%或约80%至约95%的水。
组合物还可包含其他口腔可接受载体材料,诸如醇、湿润剂、聚合物、表面活性剂和接受改善剂(诸如调味剂、甜味剂、着色剂和/或凉爽剂)。
pH
所公开的组合物的pH可以是约4至约10、约7至约10、大于7至约10、大于8至约10、大于7、大于7.5、大于8、大于9或约8.5至约10。
多磷酸盐
口腔护理组合物可包含多磷酸盐,诸如来自多磷酸盐源。多磷酸盐源可包含一个或多个多磷酸盐分子。多磷酸盐是一类通过正磷酸盐脱水和缩合生成不同链长的直链和环状多磷酸盐而获得的物质。因此,多磷酸盐分子通常以多磷酸盐分子的平均数(n)来标识,如下所述。尽管可存在一些环状衍生物,但通常认为多磷酸盐由主要以线性构型排列的两个或更多个磷酸盐分子组成。
优选的多磷酸盐是那些具有平均两个或更多个磷酸基团的多磷酸盐,以使得有效浓度的表面吸附产生足够的未结合的磷酸根官能团,这增强了阴离子表面电荷以及表面的亲水特性。本发明中优选的是具有下式的直链多磷酸盐:XO(XPO3)nX,其中X为钠、钾、铵或任何其他碱金属阳离子,并且n平均为约2至约21。碱土金属阳离子(诸如钙)不是优选的,因为它们趋于由包含氟离子和碱土金属阳离子的水溶液形成不溶性氟化物盐。因此,本文公开的口腔护理组合物可以不含、实质上不含或基本上不含焦磷酸钙。
合适的多磷酸盐分子的一些示例包括例如焦磷酸盐(n=2)、三聚磷酸盐(n=3)、四聚磷酸盐(n=4)、多磷酸钠磷(n=6)、六聚磷酸盐(n=13)、苯多磷酸盐(n=14)、六偏磷酸盐(n=21),其还被称为Glass H.多磷酸盐,可包括由FMC Corporation、ICLPerformance Products和/或Astaris生产的那些多磷酸盐化合物。
口腔护理组合物可包含按该口腔护理组合物的重量计约0.01%至约15%,约0.1%至约10%,约0.5%至约5%,约1%至约20%或约10%或更少的多磷酸盐源。
湿润剂
口腔护理组合物可包含一种或多种湿润剂、具有低含量的湿润剂、基本上不含、实质上不含或不含湿润剂。湿润剂用于增加口腔护理组合物或洁牙剂的稠度或“口感”以及防止洁牙剂变干。合适的湿润剂包括聚乙二醇(具有多种不同的分子量)、丙二醇、甘油(glycerin、glycerol)、赤藓醇、木糖醇、山梨醇、甘露糖醇、丁二醇、乳糖醇、氢化淀粉水解物和/或它们的混合物。口腔护理组合物可包含一种或多种湿润剂,每种湿润剂的含量为按该口腔护理组合物的重量计0%至约70%、约5%至约50%、约10%至约60%或约20%至约80%。
表面活性剂
口腔护理组合物可包含一种或多种表面活性剂。表面活性剂可用于使组合物在美容上更可接受。表面活性剂优选地为赋予组合物去污和发泡性质的去污材料。合适的表面活性剂是安全有效量的阴离子、阳离子、非离子、两性离子、两性和甜菜碱表面活性剂。
合适的阴离子表面活性剂包括例如烷基中具有8至20个碳原子的烷基硫酸的水溶性盐和具有8至20个碳原子的脂肪酸的磺化单酸甘油酯的水溶性盐。这类阴离子表面活性剂的示例是月桂基硫酸钠(SLS)和椰子基单酸甘油酯磺酸钠。其他适宜的阴离子表面活性剂包括肌氨酸盐如月桂酰肌氨酸钠、牛磺酸盐、月桂基磺基乙酸钠、月桂酰羟乙基磺酸钠、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠。也可使用阴离子表面活性剂的组合。
另一类合适的阴离子表面活性剂是烷基磷酸盐。这些表面活性有机磷酸酯试剂对釉质表面可具有强亲和力,并且具有充分的表面结合倾向,以使表膜蛋白质解吸,并且保持附连到釉质表面。有机磷酸酯化合物的合适的示例包括由下列通式结构表示的单酯、二酯或三酯,其中Z1、Z2或Z3可相同或不同,其中至少一个为有机部分。Z1、Z2或Z3可选自1至22个碳原子的直链或支链烷基或烯基基团,任选地被一个或多个磷酸酯基团取代;烷氧基化烷基或烯基、(多)糖、多元醇或聚醚基团。
一些其他试剂包括由以下结构表示的烷基或烯基磷酸酯:
其中R1表示具有6至22个碳原子的直链或支链烷基或烯基基团,其任选地被一个或多个磷酸酯基团取代;n和m独立地并且单独地为2至4,并且a和b立地并且单独地为0至20;Z和Z可相同或不同,各自表示氢、碱金属、铵、质子化烷基胺或质子化官能烷基胺,诸如链烷醇胺或R—(OCH2)(OCH)─基团。合适试剂的示例包括烷基磷酸酯和烷基(聚)烷氧基磷酸酯如月桂基磷酸酯;PPGS鲸蜡硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-10磷酸酯;月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1磷酸酯;月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-3磷酸酯;月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-9磷酸酯;三月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-4磷酸酯;C12-18 PEG 9磷酸酯:和二月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-10磷酸钠。烷基磷酸盐可以是聚合物的。聚合烷基磷酸酯的示例包括含有重复的烷氧基作为聚合部分的那些,具体地包含3个或更多个乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基或丁氧基的那些。
其他合适的阴离子表面活性剂是肌氨酸盐、羟乙基磺酸盐和牛磺酸盐,尤其是其碱金属盐或铵盐。示例包括:月桂酰肌氨酸盐、肉豆寇酰肌氨酸盐、棕榈酰肌氨酸盐、硬脂酰肌氨酸盐、油酰肌氨酸盐或它们的组合。
其他合适的阴离子表面活性剂包括烷基硫酸钠或烷基硫酸钾,诸如月桂基硫酸钠、酰基羟乙基磺酸盐、酰基甲基羟乙基磺酸盐、烷基醚羧酸盐、酰基丙氨酸盐、酰基谷氨酸盐、酰基甘氨酸盐、酰基肌氨酸盐、甲基酰基牛磺酸钠、月桂基醚磺基琥珀酸钠、α-烯烃磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、月桂酰基乳酸钠、月桂基葡糖苷羟丙基磺酸钠和/或组合。
可用于本文的两性离子表面活性剂或两性表面活性剂包括脂族季铵、鏻和锍化合物的衍生物,其中脂族基团可以是直链或支链的,并且脂族取代基之一含有8至18个碳原子,并且脂族取代基之一含有阴离子水增溶基团,例如,羧基、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根。合适的甜菜碱表面活性剂公开于美国专利5,180,577中。典型的烷基二甲基甜菜碱包括癸基甜菜碱或2-(N-癸基-N,N-二甲基胺)乙酸酯、椰油基甜菜碱或2-(N-椰油基-N,N-二甲基胺)乙酸酯、十四烷基甜菜碱、棕榈基甜菜碱、月桂基甜菜碱、十六烷基甜菜碱、十六烷基甜菜碱、硬脂基甜菜碱等。酰胺基甜菜碱可由椰油酰胺基乙基甜菜碱、椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱(CADB)和月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱举例说明。其他合适的两性表面活性剂包括甜菜碱、磺基甜菜碱、月桂基两性乙酸钠、烷基两性二乙酸盐和/或它们的组合。
可用于本发明中的阳离子表面活性剂包括例如具有一条包含8至18个碳原子的长烷基链的季铵化合物衍生物,诸如月桂基三甲基氯化铵;西吡氯铵;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵;十六烷基氟化吡啶鎓或它们的组合。
可用于本发明组合物中的非离子表面活性剂包括例如由环氧烷基团(本身亲水的)与本身可为脂族或烷基芳族的有机疏水化合物缩合而生成的化合物。合适的非离子表面活性剂的示例可包括(即泊洛沙姆)、烷基酚的聚环氧乙烷缩合物、衍生自环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷和乙二胺的反应产物的缩合的产物、脂肪醇的环氧乙烷缩合物、长链叔胺氧化物、长链叔膦氧化物、长链二烷基亚砜以及这些物质的组合。其他合适的非离子表面活性剂包括烷基葡糖酰胺、烷基葡糖苷和/或它们的组合。
一种或多种表面活性剂还可包括一种或多种天然和/或天然衍生表面活性剂。天然表面活性剂可包括源自天然产物的表面活性剂和/或最小程度加工或未加工的表面活性剂。天然表面活性剂可包括:氢化的、非氢化的或部分氢化的蔬菜油、植物油、西番莲油、小烛树蜡、椰油基辛酸酯、癸酸酯、二辛醚、月桂醇、肉豆蔻酸十四烷基酯、二辛醚、辛酸、辛酯、癸酸辛酯、辛酸辛酯、十一烷、十三烷、油酸癸酯、癸基油酸酯、棕榈酸十六烷基酯、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸甘油酯、氢化的、非氢化的或部分氢化的植物甘油酯、聚甘油-2二多羟基硬脂酸酯、十六/十八醇、蔗糖聚硬脂酸酯、甘油、十八烷醇、水解的、部分水解的或未水解的植物蛋白、水解的、部分水解的或未水解的小麦蛋白水解产物、聚甘油基-3二异硬脂酸酯、油酸甘油酯、肉豆蔻醇、十六烷醇、十六烷硬脂基硫酸钠、十六烷硬脂醇、月桂酸甘油酯、癸酸甘油三酯、椰油基甘油酯、卵磷脂、二辛醚、黄原胶、椰油硫酸钠、十二烷基硫酸铵、椰油基硫酸钠、椰油基谷氨酸钠、多烷基葡糖苷诸如癸基葡糖苷、十六烷硬脂基葡糖苷、十六烷硬脂基多葡糖苷、椰油基葡糖苷和月桂基葡糖苷和/或它们的组合。天然表面活性剂可包括由BASF出售的天然成分中的任一种,例如 和/或它们的组合。
表面活性剂的其他具体示例包括月桂基硫酸钠、月桂基羟乙基磺酸钠、月桂酰甲基羟乙基磺酸钠、椰油基谷氨酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸、肉豆寇酰肌氨酸、棕榈酰肌氨酸、硬脂酰肌氨酸和油酰肌氨酸的碱金属盐或铵盐、聚氧乙烯山梨醇单硬脂酸酯、异硬脂酸酯和月桂酸酯、月桂基磺基乙酸钠、N-月桂酰肌氨酸、N-月桂酰基、N-肉豆蔻酰基或N-棕榈酰基肌氨酸的钠盐、钾盐和乙醇胺盐,烷基酚的聚环氧乙烷缩合物、椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱、月桂酰氨基丙基甜菜碱、棕榈基甜菜碱、椰油基谷氨酸钠等。所需的另外的表面活性剂包括谷氨酸的脂肪酸盐、烷基葡糖苷、牛磺酸盐、甜菜碱、辛酸盐和/或它们的混合物。口腔护理组合物也可以不含硫酸盐。
口腔护理组合物可包含一种或多种表面活性剂,每种表面活性剂的含量为按口腔护理组合物的重量计约0.01%至约15%、约0.3%至约10%或约0.3%至约2.5%。
增稠剂
口腔护理组合物可包含一种或多种增稠剂。增稠剂可用于口腔护理组合物中以提供凝胶状结构使洁牙剂和/或牙膏稳定防止相分离。合适的增稠剂包括多糖、聚合物和/或二氧化硅增稠剂。
增稠剂可包含一种或多种多糖。多糖的一些非限制性示例包括淀粉;淀粉甘油;树胶,诸如卡拉牙树胶(刺梧桐树胶)、黄蓍胶、阿拉伯胶、茄替胶、阿拉伯树胶、黄原胶、瓜尔胶和纤维素胶;硅酸镁铝(胶体硅酸镁铝);角叉菜胶;藻酸钠;琼脂;果胶;明胶;纤维素化合物,诸如纤维素、微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟甲基羧丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素和硫酸化纤维素;天然和合成粘土,例如锂蒙脱石粘土;以及它们的混合物。
其他适用于本文的多糖包括角叉菜胶、结冷胶、刺槐豆胶、黄原胶、卡波姆、泊洛沙姆、改性纤维素、以及它们的混合物。角叉菜胶是衍生自海藻的多糖。存在几种类型的角叉菜胶,这些角叉菜胶可通过它们的海藻源和/或通过它们的硫酸化程度和位置来区分。增稠剂可包括κ-角叉菜胶、改性的κ-角叉菜胶、ι-角叉菜胶、改性的ι-角叉菜胶、λ-角叉菜胶、以及它们的混合物。适用于本文的角叉菜胶包括可以系列名称“Viscarin”从FMC公司(FMCCompany)商购获得的那些,包括但不限于Viscarin TP 329、Viscarin TP 388和ViscarinTP 389。
增稠剂可包含一种或多种聚合物。聚合物可为聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚丙烯酸、来源于至少一种丙烯酸单体的聚合物、马来酸酐和甲基乙烯基醚的共聚物、交联的聚丙烯酸聚合物,其具有占口腔护理组合物的各种重量百分比以及各种范围的平均分子范围。另选地,口腔护理组合物可以基本上不含、实质上不含或不含马来酸酐和甲基乙烯基醚的共聚物。
增稠剂可包括一种或多种无机增稠剂。合适的无机增稠剂的一些非限制性示例包括胶态硅酸镁铝、二氧化硅增稠剂。可用二氧化硅增稠剂的非限制性示例包括例如无定形沉淀二氧化硅,诸如165二氧化硅。其他非限制性二氧化硅增稠剂包括153、163和167以及177和265二氧化硅产品(均购自赢创公司(Evonik Corporation)),以及热解法二氧化硅。
口腔护理组合物可包含0.01%至约15%、0.1%至约10%、约0.2%至约5%或约0.5%至约2%的一种或多种增稠剂。
异戊二烯化类黄酮
本发明的口腔护理组合物可包含异戊二烯化类黄酮。类黄酮化合物是一组广泛存在于水果、蔬菜、谷物、树皮、根、茎、花、茶和酒中的天然物质。类黄酮对健康状况可具有多种有益效果,诸如抗氧化、抗炎、抗诱变、抗癌和抗菌有益效果。异戊二烯化类黄酮是包括至少一个异戊二烯基官能团(3-甲基丁-2-烯-1-基,如式VIII所示)的类黄酮,其先前已被鉴定为促进与细胞膜的连接。因此,虽然不希望受理论的束缚,但是据信,在类黄酮中添加异戊二烯基基团(即异戊二烯化)可以通过增加母体分子的亲脂性和提高异戊二烯化分子对细菌细胞膜的渗透率来提高原始类黄酮的活性。增加亲脂性以增加对细胞膜的渗透率可能是一把双刃剑,因为异戊二烯化类黄酮在高Log P值(高亲脂性)下会趋于不溶。Log P可以是抗菌功效的重要指标。
因此,术语异戊二烯化类黄酮可包括天然存在的具有一个或多个异戊二烯基官能团的类黄酮、具有合成添加的异戊二烯基官能团的类黄酮和/或具有合成添加的另外的异戊二烯基官能团的异戊二烯化类黄酮。
式VIII.异戊二烯基官能团,R表示分子的其他部分
改善异戊二烯化分子的结构-活性关系(例如,结构-MIC关系)的母体分子的其他合适的官能团包括含有氮或氧、烷基氨基链或取代到母体类黄酮的一个或多个芳环上的烷基链的另外的杂环。
类黄酮可具有具有至少两个苯环和至少一个杂环的15碳主链。一些合适的类黄酮主链可以显示在式IX(黄酮主链)、式X(异黄烷主链)和/或式XI(新黄酮主链)中。
式IX.黄酮主链
式X.异黄酮主链
式XI.新类黄酮主链
其他合适的类黄酮亚组包括花青素、花黄素、黄烷酮、黄烷醇、黄烷、异黄酮、查耳酮和/或它们的组合。
异戊二烯化类黄酮可以包括天然分离的异戊二烯化类黄酮或天然分离的类黄酮,它们通过合成有机化学领域普通技术人员已知的多种合成方法被合成改变以添加一个或多个异戊二烯基官能团。
其他合适的异戊二烯化类黄酮可以包括补骨脂查耳酮、补骨脂二氢黄酮、甲基补骨脂黄酮、Corylifol A、淫羊藿定A、淫羊藿定A1、淫羊藿定B、淫羊藿定C、淫羊藿苷、淫羊藿次苷I、淫羊藿次苷II、淫羊藿素、异补骨脂查尔酮、异黄腐酚、新补骨脂异黄酮、6-异戊二烯柚皮素、8-异戊二烯柚皮素、槐黄烷酮G、(-)-广豆根素、黄腐酚、槲皮素、肉豆蔻木酚素、苦参查耳酮、苦参黄素、桑皮酮G、桑皮酮C、Panduratin A、6-香叶基柚皮素、Australone A、6,8-二异戊二烯圣草酚、dorsmanin C、dorsmanin F、8-异戊二烯山奈酚、7-O-甲基羽扇豆异黄酮、羽扇豆异黄酮、6-异戊二烯染料木黄酮、isowighteone、黄羽扇豆魏特酮和/或它们的组合。其他合适的异戊二烯化类黄酮包括大麻黄素,诸如大麻黄素A、大麻黄素B和/或大麻黄素C。
优选地,异戊二烯化类黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌(一种革兰氏阳性细菌)具有小于约25ppm的MIC的可能性很高。合适的异戊二烯化类黄酮包括补骨脂二氢黄酮、甲基补骨脂黄酮、Corylifol A、淫羊藿素、异黄腐酚、新补骨脂异黄酮、6-异戊二烯柚皮素、8-异戊二烯柚皮素、槐黄烷酮G、(-)-广豆根素、苦参酮、桑皮酮C、PanduratinA和/或它们的组合。
优选地,异戊二烯化类黄酮对大肠杆菌(一种革兰氏阴性细菌)具有小于约25ppm的MIC的可能性很高。合适的异戊二烯化类黄酮包括甲基补骨脂黄酮、异黄腐酚、8-异戊二烯柚皮素、槐黄烷酮G、苦参酮、Panduratin A和/或它们的组合。
已从植物中鉴定出大约1000种异戊二烯化类黄酮。根据以往报道的异戊二烯化类黄酮的数量,异戊二烯化黄酮是最常见的亚类,并且异戊二烯化黄烷醇是最稀有的亚类。尽管已检测到天然异戊二烯化类黄酮具有多种结构特性,但它们在植物中的分布范围很窄,与母体类黄酮不同,它们几乎存在于所有植物中。大多数异戊二烯化类黄酮存在于以下科中,包括大麻科(Cannabaceae)、藤黄科(Guttiferae)、豆科(Leguminosae)、桑科(Moraceae)、芸香科(Rutaceae)和伞形科(Umbelliferae)。豆科和桑科,由于它们作为水果和蔬菜食用,是最常被研究的科,并且已经探索了许多新型的异戊二烯化类黄酮。大麻科的啤酒花包括8-异戊二烯柚皮素和异黄腐酚,它们在啤酒的健康有益效果中发挥着重要作用。
异戊二烯化类黄酮可以通过啤酒花提取物掺入,掺入单独添加的提取物中,或作为本文公开的口腔护理组合物的单独组分添加。
其他成分
口腔护理组合物可包含多种其他成分,诸如调味剂、甜味剂、着色剂、防腐剂、缓冲剂或适用于口腔护理组合物中的其他成分,如下所述。
还可将调味剂添加到口腔护理组合物中。合适的调味剂包括冬青油、胡椒薄荷油、留兰香油、丁香芽油、薄荷醇、对丙烯基茴香醚、水杨酸甲酯、桉油精、肉桂、乙酸1-薄荷酯、鼠尾草、丁子香酚、欧芹油、羟苯基丁酮、α-紫罗兰酮、甘牛至草、柠檬、橙、丙烯基乙基愈创木酚、桂皮、香兰素、乙基香兰素、天芥菜精、4-顺式-庚烯醛、丁二酮、对叔丁基苯乙酸甲酯、以及它们的混合物。冷却剂也可以是调味剂体系的一部分。本发明组合物中优选的冷却剂是对孟烷氨基甲酰试剂,诸如N-乙基-对孟烷-3-甲酰胺(商业上称为“WS-3”)或N-(乙氧羰基甲基)-3-对薄荷烷甲酰胺(商业上称为“WS-5”)以及它们的混合物。调味剂体系通常以按口腔护理组合物的重量计约0.001%至约5%的含量用于组合物中。这些调味剂通常包含醛、酮、酯、酚、酸以及脂族、芳族和其他醇的混合物。
可将甜味剂添加到口腔护理组合物中以赋予产品令人愉悦的味道。合适的甜味剂包括糖精(如糖精钠、糖精钾或糖精钙)、环磺酸盐(如钠盐、钾盐或钙盐)、安赛蜜-K、非洲甜果素、新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮、氨化甘草素、右旋糖、左旋糖、蔗糖、甘露糖、三氯蔗糖、甜菊糖和葡萄糖。
添加着色剂以改善产品的美学外观。合适的着色剂包括但不限于由相应监管机构诸如FDA批准的那些着色剂和欧洲食品和药品指令中列出的那些着色剂,并且包括色素诸如TiO2,以及颜色诸如FD&C和D&C染料。
还可将防腐剂添加到口腔护理组合物中以防止细菌生长。可以安全有效量添加被批准用于口腔组合物中的合适防腐剂,诸如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、苯甲酸和苯甲酸钠。
二氧化钛也可添加到本发明的组合物中。二氧化钛是能给组合物增加不透明度的白色粉末。二氧化钛通常占按口腔护理组合物的重量计约0.25%至约5%。
口腔护理组合物中可使用其他成分,诸如脱敏剂、康复剂、其他防龋剂、螯合剂/多价螯合剂、维生素、氨基酸、蛋白质、其他抗牙斑/抗牙结石剂、遮光剂、抗生素、抗酶、酶、pH控制剂、氧化剂、抗氧化剂等。
实施例
以下实施例进一步说明了本发明,这些实施例不应以任何方式被理解为对本发明的范围施加限制。在阅读本文的说明书之后,在不脱离本发明的精神或所附权利要求书的范围的下,可向本领域的普通技术人员提出它们自己的各种其他方面、修改和其等同形式。
实验方法
酸产生和酸抑制[%]
用体外牙菌斑糖酵解模型(iPGRM)测定酸产生和酸抑制。此技术的目的是提供一种简单且快速的方法,用于确定化合物是否对牙菌斑微生物用于从不利地影响牙龈健康的可发酵碳水化合物产生酸的代谢途径有影响。
体外牙菌斑糖酵解模型(iPGRM)是其中牙菌斑从人类唾液生长并用各种试剂处理以确定处理的抗糖酵解活性的技术。当细菌借助于酶将糖转化为能量时,形成酸。这些酸使牙釉质脱矿质并损坏牙釉质。此技术的目的是提供一种简单且快速的方法,用于确定治疗化合物是否对牙菌斑微生物用于产生酸或毒素和/或抑制其生长的代谢途径具有抑制作用。抗菌组合物应该相对于其安慰剂进行测试以确定仅抗菌组合物的iPGRM值。如果在组合物中除了抗菌组合物之外还存在缓冲液,例如碳酸氢盐、正磷酸盐、碳酸钙,则这是重要的。
通过以往复运动将玻璃棒浸入培养基中和从培养基中取出,使来自新鲜汇集的人类唾液和胰酶解酪蛋白大豆肉汤(TSB)的牙菌斑生物膜在37℃处在玻璃棒上生长2天。处理是在水中2分钟的洁牙剂浆液(1:5)或在水中稀释的处理(1:5)。处理后,将生物膜与TSB和蔗糖一起温育直至pH指示剂显示颜色变化(约6小时)。然后测量培养基溶液的pH以确定相对于阴性对照的糖酵解抑制的量。
在第1天,依次用240号粒度、320号粒度、400号粒度和600号粒度的碳化硅纸材,在车床上将新玻璃棒(5mm×90mm)距无尖削端约25mm抛光。在初始抛光之后,应在每次测试之前用600号粒度纸材抛光棒。抛光后,储存棒直到准备运行测试。应对足够的棒进行抛光以用于全架处理。架子可以处理12种组合物,每种组合物重复4次,使得该架具有48个棒。
在第2天,在测试期间每天通过石蜡刺激从5-10人的小组收集唾液并在4℃处冷藏直到全天需要唾液时为止。小心地集中唾液(不倒入蜡/粘液)并且在使用前充分混合。将棒从存储装置中取出,用去离子水冲洗以去除任何砂磨残余物,在70%乙醇/水溶液中消毒,并使其在无菌表面上干燥。随后,将棒装载到支架的悬挂架中,该支架用于将棒连续浸入含有生长培养基的培养基小瓶中。调整棒高度并且使用橡胶o形环将每个棒固定在适当位置。在下午早期,将7mL生长培养基(160g含3%蔗糖的3%TSB溶液)与240g汇集的人类唾液混合。此TSB/蔗糖溶液应该通过高压釜灭菌,然后与汇集的人类唾液合并。)到培养基小瓶中。将培养基小瓶布置在温育烘箱中的支架上的悬挂棒下。培养箱先前已经修改,使得浸渍电机可以将棒浸入培养基小瓶中,以每分钟1次浸渍的频率将1.5cm的棒浸入生长培养基中,而棒无需接触培养基小瓶的壁。以此方法将棒浸入过夜。
在第3天,制备富集的生长培养基(将500g的3%TSB和10%蔗糖的溶液与33g汇集的人类唾液混合。此TSB/蔗糖溶液应该通过高压釜灭菌,然后与汇集的人类唾液合并)。将该富集的生长培养基移液到一组新的培养基小瓶(每小瓶7mL)中,并从第1天开始更换过夜生长培养基。在温育烘箱中在37℃处,将棒在该富集的生长培养基中整天浸渍5小时。在当天结束时,制备新的过夜生长培养基(将40g的3%TSB的溶液与360g汇集的人类唾液和0.5g蔗糖混合),移液到一组新的培养基小瓶中,并更换富集的生长培养基。以与第一天相同的方式将棒浸渍过夜。
在第4天,通过将0.15g TSB、25g蔗糖和500mL去离子水混合来制备糖酵解培养基,得到0.03%TSB和0.5%蔗糖的水溶液。将此溶液混合,然后在高压釜中灭菌。然后使用0.1MHCl将pH调节至6.5,并且移液到新培养基小瓶(7mL)中。与作为pH空白的棒架所需的相比,填充两个额外的小瓶。将两滴氯酚红溶液添加到含有阴性对照(龋齿保护浆料)的4个试管中的每一个试管中。将三滴溴甲酚紫溶液添加到含有阳性对照(1%氯己定溶液)的2个试管中。在处理完成之前将支架设置在旁边。制备含有12mL去离子水的小瓶以冲洗掉处理物。制备含有均质化处理物和水的处理浆液/溶液(7mL)的小瓶。将棒浸入处理小瓶中2分钟,在第一组冲洗小瓶中冲洗10次,在第二组冲洗小瓶中冲洗10次,在第三组冲洗小瓶中冲洗10次,并返回到培养箱架。处理并冲洗整个生物膜。一旦完成所有处理,棒上的生物膜完全浸没在温育烘箱内的糖酵解培养基中,没有浸渍2小时。两小时后,浸渍设备被激活。总温育时间介于3小时到7小时之间。当阴性对照的糖酵解培养基中的pH值在4.8-5.6之间,更理想地为4.9-5.2,并且当阳性对照的糖酵解培养基中的pH值高于阴性对照时,终止温育。如果阳性对照中的指示剂染料变为黄色,即pH下降到5.2以下,则温育时间过长,并且需要重复测试。
在第4天终止温育后,将棒从糖酵解培养基中取出并使其在烘箱中干燥。将糖酵解培养基从温育烘箱中取出,使其返回到室温,并且在每个小瓶和空白小瓶中测量pH以确定处理后培养基的平均pH变化。相对于空白小瓶确定pH的变化。如果空白的最终pH小于6.6,则需要重复测试。如果学生t检验中的阳性和阴性对照之间的差异不显著,则需要重复测试。如果对于Crest Cavity Protection阴性对照,阴性对照相对于空白的pH变化小于1,则需要重复测试。
在测量所有小瓶的pH值之后,通过从空白的平均pH中减去其pH来确定每个小瓶的ΔpH。糖酵解抑制功效由下式确定。通过对每次处理四个重复小瓶的结果取平均值来确定处理的平均ΔpH。
如果相对于阴性对照(Crest Cavity Protection,Procter&Gamble,Cincinnati,OH),阳性对照(1%氯己定溶液)的功效不介于约65%至约85%之间,则重复测试。
口腔护理组合物的制备
通过将一种或多种湿润剂、水、甜味剂、葡萄糖酸钠和/或调味剂组合以产生液体混合物来制备表1A的口腔护理基础组合物。将液体混合物在25℃处加热2分钟。通过将一部分钙离子源和任何增稠剂如黄原胶和/或羧甲基纤维素钠混合来制备单独的粉末混合物。然后将粉末混合物与液体混合物混合。接着,将表面活性剂如十二烷基硫酸钠添加到混合物中。将内容物在25℃处加热2分钟。最后,将钙离子源和缓冲剂的剩余部分与混合物混合,并在25℃处均化2分钟。基础口腔护理组合物被构建成不含潜在的抗微生物组合物。
处理组合物的制备
通过将基础口腔护理组合物与一种或多种如表2A中所述的活性成分混合来制备表1B的处理口腔护理组合物。将混合的口腔护理组合物在25℃处均化至少2分钟。用NaOH将pH调节为至少8.3并且小于8.8。
表1A.基础组合物
基重 | |
山梨醇溶液 | 34.00 |
水 | 16.31 |
葡萄糖酸钠 | 1.00 |
CaCO<sub>3</sub> | 32.00 |
黄原胶 | 0.30 |
羧甲基纤维素 | 1.00 |
月桂基硫酸钠 | 1.29 |
调味剂 | 0.80 |
糖精钠 | 0.50 |
三氯蔗糖 | 0.20 |
碳酸氢钠 | 10.00 |
表1A中的标记成分的配方“孔” | 2.60 |
表1B.处理组合物
^由Hawaii Pharm LLC提供的完整啤酒花提取物的一般提取
表2A.啤酒花β酸提取物规格
成分 | 量(重量%) |
啤酒花β酸 | 45±2 |
啤酒花α酸 | 0.4±0.3 |
啤酒花油 | 1.5±0.5 |
丙二醇 | 20±15 |
水 | <8% |
pH | 11±0.5 |
表2B.啤酒花总提取物规格
表2A描述了由提供的啤酒花β酸提取物。由于啤酒花β酸以提取物形式提供,因此某些成分的量可能存在一些可变性。然而,提取物包含按提取物的重量计约45%的啤酒花β酸和按提取物的重量计约0.4%的啤酒花α酸。这与以前的啤酒花提取物相比显著不同,以前的啤酒花提取物通常含有比啤酒花β酸更多的啤酒花α酸。啤酒花β酸提取物中可能存在其他微量成分。
表2B描述了由Hawaii Pharm LLC提供的啤酒花总提取物。啤酒花无醇液体提取物(“啤酒花总提取物”)购自Hawaii Pharm,并且按原样使用。总提取物是来自啤酒花的可提取组分的混合物,包括苦味酸、黄酮类、多酚类等。基于报告的提取速率、组合物和啤酒花苦味树脂提取物的典型组成,尝试对两种不同来源之间的提取材料的量进行归一化。总提取物代表了研究天然提取物活性的常规方法。
啤酒花β酸和金属的抗菌活性
表3显示,可以将啤酒花β酸添加到口腔护理组合物中并且提供出乎意料地高的抗糖酵解/抗菌益处。重要的是,将额外的金属离子源如乳酸锌和/或氯化亚锡添加到氟化亚锡中仅导致抗菌活性的适度提高。然而,向金属离子源中添加啤酒花β酸(但不是包括啤酒花α酸和啤酒花β酸的提取物)导致出乎意料地高的抗糖酵解/抗菌益处。
所使用的啤酒花β提取物是表2A的啤酒花β提取物。啤酒花总提取物包含啤酒花α酸、啤酒花β酸和如表2B中所描述的其他可提取组分。以0.5重量%添加啤酒花β酸提取物,并以0.64重量%添加啤酒花总提取物。在所有情况下,可提取啤酒花组合物实质上等于约0.23%。
表3显示表1B(实施例1)的口腔护理基料,其不含啤酒花酸、氟化物或金属离子,导致相对于阴性对照18%的酸抑制。包含啤酒花β酸的实施例2导致相对于阴性对照接近90%的酸抑制。然而,当添加啤酒花总提取物时,没有观察到相同的改善(实施例3,酸抑制为33%)。
表3. 3天生物膜处理后的酸产生和糖酵解抑制[%]
仅包含氯化亚锡的实施例4导致几乎40%的酸抑制。向啤酒花总提取物中添加氯化亚锡(实施例6)导致相对于实施例3(啤酒花总提取物)和实施例4(氯化亚锡)更差的总体抑制。出乎意料的是,向啤酒花β酸中添加氯化亚锡(实施例5)导致相对于实施例2(啤酒花β酸)和实施例4(氯化亚锡)较佳的酸抑制。
抗菌藿香的这种出乎意料地高的提高也见于实施例7(啤酒花β酸和乳酸锌)和实施例8(啤酒花β酸、氯化亚锡和单氟磷酸钠)中,但未见于Pro-HealthTM(氟化亚锡和乳酸锌)或Gum Care(氟化亚锡和氯化亚锡)中。重要的是,这指示仅具有两种抗菌剂不足以确保出乎意料地高的抗菌活性,但是抗菌剂之一应该是其自身可以充当抗菌剂并且将另一种抗菌剂带入细菌活性的位置的抗菌剂,诸如啤酒花β酸。总之,如表3中所述,金属离子和啤酒花酸,特别是啤酒花β酸的组合导致出乎意料地高的抗菌活性。
如表3中所述,本文所需的口腔护理组合物具有至少约50%、至少约75%、至少约80%或至少约90%的酸减少。
本文所公开的量纲和值不应理解为严格限于所引用的精确数值。相反,除非另外指明,否则每个此类量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确排除或以其它方式限制,本文中引用的每一篇文献,包括任何交叉引用或相关专利或专利申请以及本申请对其要求优先权或其有益效果的任何专利申请或专利,均据此全文以引用方式并入本文。对任何文献的引用不是对其作为与本发明的任何所公开或本文受权利要求书保护的现有技术的认可,或不是对其自身或与任何一个或多个参考文献的组合提出、建议或公开任何此类发明的认可。此外,当本发明中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文献中相同术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时,应当服从在本发明中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
虽然已举例说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但是对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可作出各种其他变化和修改。因此,本文旨在于所附权利要求中涵盖属于本发明范围内的所有此类变化和修改。
Claims (11)
1.一种口腔护理组合物,其包含:
(a)按所述组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%的啤酒花β酸,优选地其中所述啤酒花β酸包括蛇麻酮、加蛇麻酮、类蛇麻酮或它们的组合;
(b)按所述组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%的金属离子源;和
(c)按所述组合物的重量计约0.01%至约50%的钙,优选地其中所述钙包括钙盐、钙磨料或它们的组合,更优选地其中钙离子源包括碳酸钙。
2.根据权利要求1所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述金属离子源包括锌,优选地其中所述锌包括磷酸锌、柠檬酸锌、乳酸锌、氧化锌、葡萄糖酸锌或它们的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述金属离子源包括锡,优选地其中所述锡包括氯化亚锡、氟化亚锡或它们的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述口腔护理组合物包含约0.01%至约20%的增稠体系,优选地其中所述增稠体系不含Gantrez,更优选地其中所述增稠体系包括聚丙烯酸、纤维素、纤维素衍生物、黄原胶、角叉菜胶或它们的组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述口腔护理组合物包含氨基酸,优选地其中所述氨基酸包括碱性氨基酸、酸性氨基酸、中性氨基酸或它们的组合,更优选地其中所述氨基酸包括甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、甲硫氨酸、亮氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、半胱氨酸、瓜氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸或它们的组合。
6.一种口腔护理组合物,其包含:
(a)按所述组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%的啤酒花β酸,优选地其中所述啤酒花β酸包括蛇麻酮、加蛇麻酮、类蛇麻酮或它们的组合;
(b)按所述组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%的金属离子源,
其中所述口腔护理组合物不含二氧化硅。
7.根据权利要求6所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述金属离子源包括锌,优选地其中所述锌包括磷酸锌、柠檬酸锌、乳酸锌、氧化锌、葡萄糖酸锌或它们的组合。
8.根据权利要求6所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述金属离子源包括锡,优选地其中所述锡包括氯化亚锡、氟化亚锡或它们的组合。
9.根据权利要求6所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述口腔护理组合物包含约0.01%至约20%的增稠体系,优选地其中所述增稠体系不含Gantrez,更优选地其中所述增稠体系包括聚丙烯酸、纤维素、纤维素衍生物、黄原胶、角叉菜胶或它们的组合。
10.根据权利要求6所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述口腔护理组合物包含氨基酸,优选地其中所述氨基酸包括碱性氨基酸、酸性氨基酸、中性氨基酸或它们的组合,更优选地其中所述氨基酸包括甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、甲硫氨酸、亮氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、半胱氨酸、瓜氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸或它们的组合。
11.根据权利要求6所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述口腔护理组合物包含钙,优选地其中所述钙包括钙盐、钙磨料或它们的组合,更优选地其中所述钙包括碳酸钙。
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