JP7286764B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極材の触媒、及び、それを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極材の触媒、及び、それを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7286764B2 JP7286764B2 JP2021521972A JP2021521972A JP7286764B2 JP 7286764 B2 JP7286764 B2 JP 7286764B2 JP 2021521972 A JP2021521972 A JP 2021521972A JP 2021521972 A JP2021521972 A JP 2021521972A JP 7286764 B2 JP7286764 B2 JP 7286764B2
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- positive electrode
- transition metal
- secondary battery
- sulfur
- catalyst
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Description
本発明は、硫黄含有物質を含む正極、負極、前記正極と負極との間に介在された分離膜及び電解液を含むリチウム二次電池において、前記正極は、多孔性炭素の表面に結合された遷移金属複合体を含む正極触媒を含み、前記遷移金属複合体は遷移金属に結合された4つの窒素を含む、リチウム二次電池に関する。
本発明において、前記正極触媒は、硫黄含有物質を含むリチウム二次電池において、硫黄の還元反応の反応速度(kinetic)を向上させるための触媒として用いることができる。
本発明はまた、前述のような正極触媒の製造方法に関し、前記正極触媒の製造方法は、(S1)遷移金属と窒素を含む遷移金属複合体の前駆体を溶媒に溶解させる段階;(S2)前記(S1)段階で得られた遷移金属複合体の前駆体溶液に多孔性炭素を添加して混合する段階;(S3)前記(S2)段階で得られた混合液をろ過する段階;及び(S4)前記(S3)段階後、前記混合液の上層から得られた粉末を乾燥する段階;を含むことができ、以下、本発明に係る正極触媒の製造方法を各段階別により詳細に説明する。
(S1)段階では、遷移金属と窒素を含む遷移金属複合体の前駆体を溶媒に溶解させ、遷移金属複合体の前駆体溶液を製造することができる。好ましくは、前記遷移金属複合体の前駆体を溶媒に分散させ、超音波処理して遷移金属複合体の前駆体溶液を製造することができる。
(S2)段階では、前記(S1)段階で得られた遷移金属複合体の前駆体溶液に多孔性炭素を添加して混合することができる。前記多孔性炭素の素材;及び気孔、大きさのような形態的な特徴;は前述の通りである。
(S3)段階では、前記(S2)段階で得られた混合液をろ過及び洗浄させ、不純物を除去することができる。
(S4)段階では、前記(S3)段階後、前記混合液の上層から得られた粉末を乾燥して、正極触媒を得ることができる。
本発明はまた、リチウム二次電池の正極に適用可能な正極活物質に関する。好ましくは、前記リチウム二次電池は、正極活物質として硫黄含有物質を含むリチウム-硫黄二次電池であってもよい。
本発明はまた、前述のような正極活物質の製造方法に関し、前記正極活物質の製造方法は、(P1)前記正極触媒と硫黄または硫黄化合物の混合粉末を形成する段階;(P2)前記混合粉末に硫黄溶解用溶媒を混合して混合物を形成する段階;及び(P3)、真空下で前記混合物を熱処理して硫黄を前記正極触媒の気孔に担持させる段階;を含むことができる。
前記正極活物質を製造するための正極触媒は、前述のような(S1)~(S4)段階を含む正極触媒の製造方法により製造することができる。
前記(P1)段階で得た混合粉末に溶媒を混合して混合物を形成するが、前記溶媒は、硫黄の溶解度が高い硫黄溶解用溶媒を用いることにより、前記混合粉末に含まれた硫黄を溶解させ、溶解した液状の硫黄が前記正極触媒の多孔性炭素に含まれた気孔の内部に担持されるようにすることができる。
前記(P2)段階で形成された混合物を真空下で熱処理することにより、前記正極触媒の多孔性炭素に含まれた気孔の内部に担持された液状の硫黄が前記気孔の表面に固着(fixation)されるようにすることができる。
遷移金属複合体の前駆体溶液(McPC)の製造
下記表1に記載されたような遷移金属複合体の前駆体である金属-フタロシアニン(Metal-phthalocyanine,MePC,Metal=Fe、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Aldrich社)を溶媒であるN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(N,N-Dimethylformamide、DMF)に分散させた後、10分間バス超音波処理(bath sonication)を行って、MePC溶液を製造した。このとき、前記MePC40mgをDMF500mLに溶解させ、MePC溶液を製造した。
前記MePC溶液に多孔性炭素であるCNT(CNano社)960mgを添加し、10分間バス超音波処理(bath sonication)を行い、4時間500rpmにて常温で撹拌させ、混合液を得た。
前記混合液を真空ポンプでろ過させた後、エタノール1000mlで洗浄した
前記ろ過及び洗浄された混合液の上層粉末を80℃で12時間乾燥させ、CNTに遷移金属複合体(MePC)が結合された正極触媒を製造した。
製造例1と同様に行うが、遷移金属複合体の前駆体とCNTから形成された正極触媒を用いることなく、CNTのみを用いて正極触媒を製造した。
製造例1と同様に行うが、遷移金属複合体の前駆体である金属-フタロシアニンとしてCoPCを用いて正極触媒を製造した。
正極活物質、導電材及びバインダーを、ミキサーを使用してミキシングして正極活物質層形成用組成物を製造した。このとき、正極活物質として硫黄、導電材としてカーボンブラック、バインダーとしてポリビニルアルコールをそれぞれ用い、混合比率は重量比で正極活物質:導電材:バインダーが75:20:5となるようにした。製造した正極活物質層形成用組成物をアルミニウム集電体に塗布した後、乾燥して正極を製造した(正極のエネルギー密度:1.0mAh/cm2)。
正極触媒に含まれた遷移金属複合体の含有量が25重量%であることを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム-硫黄二次電池を製造した。
製造例及び比較製造例でそれぞれ製造された正極触媒の表面を観察した。
図5は、製造例1で遷移金属複合体の前駆体(FePC)と多孔性炭素(CNT)が有機溶媒(DMF)に溶解した混合液(FePC4-CNT混合液)及びろ過(filtraion)させる過程を示した写真である。
実施例1で製造された正極触媒(FePC4-CNT)に対する構造解析のための実験を行った。
実施例1~6及び比較例1~2でそれぞれ製造されたリチウム-硫黄二次電池の初期放電容量及び寿命特性の実験を行った。
2:正極活物質
10:多孔性炭素
11:気孔
20:遷移金属複合体
30:硫黄含有物質
Claims (16)
- 正極活物質として硫黄含有物質を含む正極、負極、前記正極と負極との間に介在された分離膜及び電解液を含むリチウム二次電池において、
前記正極は、多孔性炭素の表面に結合された遷移金属複合体を含む正極触媒を含み、前記遷移金属複合体は金属-フタロシアニンであり、
前記正極触媒は、正極活物質全体の重量を基準として、20~30重量%含まれた、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極は、集電体;及び前記集電体上に形成された正極活物質層を含み、
前記正極触媒は、前記正極活物質層に含まれた、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 前記遷移金属は、Fe、Ni、Mn、Cu及びZnからなる群より選択された1種以上である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記遷移金属複合体は、前記正極触媒全体の重量に対して1~20重量%含まれた、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記遷移金属複合体は、前記多孔性炭素の外部表面及び気孔内部表面のうち1種以上の位置に結合された、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記遷移金属複合体は、π-π相互作用(interaction)により前記多孔性炭素の表面に吸着されて結合された、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記多孔性炭素は、活性炭、カーボンナノチューブ(CNT;Carbon Nanotube)、グラフェン、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、黒鉛、黒鉛ナノ繊維(GNF;Graphite Nanofiber)及びフラーレンからなる群より選択される1種以上を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記多孔性炭素は、カーボンナノチューブ(CNT;Carbon Nanotube)を含み、前記カーボンナノチューブの気孔の大きさは、2~50nmである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム二次電池は、リチウム-硫黄二次電池である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 多孔性炭素の表面に結合された遷移金属複合体を含む正極触媒であって、前記遷移金属複合体は金属-フタロシアニンであり、
前記遷移金属複合体は、前記正極触媒全体の重量に対して1~20重量%で存在し、
前記多孔性炭素は、カーボンナノチューブ(CNT;Carbon Nanotube)を含む、正極触媒。 - 前記遷移金属は、Fe、Ni、Mn、Cu及びZnからなる群より選択された1種以上である、請求項10に記載の正極触媒。
- 前記遷移金属複合体は、前記多孔性炭素の外部表面及び前記多孔性炭素の気孔の内部表面のうち1種以上の位置に結合された、請求項10に記載の正極触媒。
- 前記遷移金属複合体は、π-π相互作用(interaction)により前記多孔性炭素の表面に吸着されて結合された、請求項10に記載の正極触媒。
- 前記多孔性炭素は、活性炭、グラフェン、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、黒鉛、黒鉛ナノ繊維(GNF;Graphite Nanofiber)及びフラーレンからなる群より選択される1種以上をさらに含む、請求項10に記載の正極触媒。
- 前記多孔性炭素の気孔の大きさは、2nm~50nmである、請求項10に記載の正極触媒。
- 前記正極触媒が、リチウム二次電池電極用に適している、請求項10に記載の正極触媒。
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US11876227B2 (en) | 2024-01-16 |
CN112840478A (zh) | 2021-05-25 |
EP3863080A4 (en) | 2021-12-15 |
JP2022505581A (ja) | 2022-01-14 |
EP3863080A1 (en) | 2021-08-11 |
US20210384508A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
CN112840478B (zh) | 2024-06-21 |
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