JP7139007B2 - 二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7139007B2 JP7139007B2 JP2020534242A JP2020534242A JP7139007B2 JP 7139007 B2 JP7139007 B2 JP 7139007B2 JP 2020534242 A JP2020534242 A JP 2020534242A JP 2020534242 A JP2020534242 A JP 2020534242A JP 7139007 B2 JP7139007 B2 JP 7139007B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- active material
- positive electrode
- transition metal
- metal oxide
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 161
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 160
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 80
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 151
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- MORCTKJOZRLKHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxoboron Chemical compound [Li].O=[B] MORCTKJOZRLKHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- -1 nickel halides Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000954 titration curve Methods 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910018916 CoOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical class C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);manganese(2+);nickel(2+);hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2] SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- OAVRWNUUOUXDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-H 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Mn+2].[Mn+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O OAVRWNUUOUXDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O Chemical compound NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical class Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PPTSBERGOGHCHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron lithium Chemical compound [Li].[B] PPTSBERGOGHCHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011357 graphitized carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002461 imidazolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011254 layer-forming composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium hydride Chemical compound [LiH] SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical class [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)nickel Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Ni]=O VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011564 manganese citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014872 manganese citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940097206 manganese citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002733 tin-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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Description
本発明は、ニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)を含み、マンガン(Mn)及びアルミニウム(Al)からなる群から選択された少なくとも一つを含むリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物を用意する段階;前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物を水洗してリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の表面に存在するリチウム副産物を除去する段階;及び前記水洗されたリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物、コバルト(Co)含有原料物質及びボロン(B)含有原料物質を600℃以上の温度で高温熱処理する段階;を含んで二次電池用正極活物質を製造する。以下、本発明の各段階に対してより具体的に説明する。
[化学式1]
LipNi1-(x1+y1+z1)Cox1Ma y1Mb z1Mc q1O2-aAa
前記式において、Maは、Mn及びAlからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つであり、Mbは、Zr、W、Mg、Al、Ce、Hf、Ta、La、Ti、Sr、Ba、Ge、V、Si、Nb、Mo、及びCrからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つであり、Mcは、Al、Zr、Ti、Mg、Ta、Nb、Mo及びCrからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つであり、Aは、P及びFからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つであり、0.9≦p≦1.05、0<x1≦0.3、0<y1≦0.2、0≦z1≦0.1、0≦q1≦0.1であり、0≦a<1、0<x1+y1+z1≦0.4である。
次に、本発明に係る二次電池用正極活物質に対して説明する。
[化学式1]
LipNi1-(x1+y1+z1)Cox1Ma y1Mb z1Mc q1O2-aAa
前記式において、Maは、Mn及びAlからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つであり、Mbは、Zr、W、Mg、Al、Ce、Hf、Ta、La、Ti、Sr、Ba、Ge、V、Si、Nb、Mo、及びCrからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つであり、Mcは、Al、Zr、Ti、Mg、Ta、Nb、Mo及びCrからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つであり、Aは、P及びFからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つであり、0.9≦p≦1.05、0<x1≦0.3、0<y1≦0.2、0≦z1≦0.1、0≦q1≦0.1であり、0≦a<1、0<x1+y1+z1≦0.4である。前記[化学式1]で表されるリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の具体的な仕様は、前記製造方法で説明したところと同一なので、具体的な説明は省略する。
本発明のまた他の一実施形態によれば、前記正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池用正極及びリチウム二次電池を提供する。
リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物LiNi0.86Co0.1Mn0.02Al0.02O2 300gを超純水300mLに入れて30分間撹拌して水洗し、20分間フィルタリングを行った。フィルタリングされたリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物を真空オーブンで130℃で乾燥させた後、ふるい分け(seiving)を行った。その後、前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して、Co(OH)2 0.0078重量部(Co 5000ppm)、B4C 0.0004重量部(B 300ppm)を混合し、1L/min流量で酸素を供給しながら700℃で5時間高温熱処理して正極活物質を製造した。
リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して、Co(OH)2 0.0031重量部(Co 2000ppm)、B4C 0.0004重量部(B 300ppm)を混合したことを除き、実施例1と同様に行って正極活物質を製造した。
高温熱処理時にCo(OH)2及びB4Cを混合しないことを除き、実施例1と同様に行って正極活物質を製造した。
リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物LiNi0.86Co0.1Mn0.02Al0.02O2 300gを超純水300mLに入れて30分間撹拌して水洗し、20分間フィルタリングを行った。フィルタリングされたリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物を真空オーブンで130℃で乾燥させた後、ふるい分け(seiving)を行った。その後、前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して、Co(OH)2 0.0078重量部(Co 5000ppm)を混合し、1L/min流量で酸素を供給しながら700℃で5時間高温熱処理し、フィルタリングを行った。その後、H3BO3を0.0057重量部(B 1,000ppm)混合し、300℃で3時間、大気(air)雰囲気下で熱処理して正極活物質を製造した。
リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物LiNi0.86Co0.1Mn0.02Al0.02O2 300gを超純水300mLに入れて30分間撹拌して水洗し、20分間フィルタリングを行った。フィルタリングされたリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物を真空オーブンで130℃で乾燥させた後、ふるい分け(seiving)を行った。その後、前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して、H3BO3を0.0057重量部(B 1,000ppm)混合し、300℃で3時間、大気(air)雰囲気下で熱処理して正極活物質を製造した。
示差走査熱量測定器(SETARAM Instrumentation,Sensys evo DSC)を用いて実施例1~2及び比較例1~3の正極活物質の温度による熱流量(Heat Flow)を測定した。具体的には、前記実施例1~2及び比較例1~3の正極活物質16mgをDSC測定用耐圧ペンに投入した後、電解液(EVPS)20μLを注入した。DSC分析のための温度範囲は25℃~400℃とし、昇温速度は10℃/minとした。それぞれの正極活物質に対して、3回以上DSC測定を行って平均値を算出した。測定の結果は、表1及び図1に示した。
実施例1~2及び比較例2~3によって製造された正極活物質5gを水100mLに分散させた後、0.1MのHClで滴定しながらpH値の変化を測定してpH滴定曲線(pH titration Curve)を得た。前記pH滴定曲線を用いて各正極活物質内のLiOH残留量とLi2CO3残留量を計算しており、これらを合算した値を全リチウム副産物の残留量と評価して下記表2に示した。
実施例1~2及び比較例1~3によって製造されたそれぞれの正極活物質、カーボンブラック導電材及びPVdFバインダをN‐メチルピロリドン溶媒のうち重量比で95:2.5:2.5の比率で混合して正極合材(粘度:5000mPa・s)を製造し、これをアルミニウム集電体の一面に塗布した後、130℃で乾燥後、圧延して正極を製造した。
前記実験例3のように製造されたリチウム二次電池を25℃で充電終止電圧4.25V、放電終止電圧2.5V、0.5Cで充電後、0.1C/0.2C/0.33C/0.5C/1.0C/2.0Cで各放電時に放電容量変化を測定した。測定の結果は表3に示した。
Claims (14)
- ニッケル(Ni)及びコバルト(Co)を含み、且つ、マンガン(Mn)及びアルミニウム(Al)からなる群から選択された少なくとも一つを含むリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物を用意する段階、
前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物を水洗してリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の表面に存在するリチウム副産物を除去する段階、及び
水洗された前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物、コバルト(Co)含有原料物質及びボロン(B)含有原料物質を混合し、600℃以上の温度及び酸化雰囲気下で高温熱処理する段階、
を含み、
前記ボロン(B)含有原料物質はB4Cを含む、二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の遷移金属の全含量のうちニッケル(Ni)の含量が60モル%以上である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記高温熱処理は、600から900℃の温度で行われる、請求項1または請求項2に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記コバルト(Co)含有原料物質は、リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して0.001から0.01重量部混合される、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ボロン(B)含有原料物質は、リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して0.0001から0.001重量部混合される、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物は、下記化学式1で表され、
[化学式1]
LipNi1-(x1+y1+z1)Cox1Ma y1Mb z1Mc q1O2-aAa
前記化学式1において、Maは、Mn及びAlからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つであり、Mbは、Zr、W、Mg、Al、Ce、Hf、Ta、La、Ti、Sr、Ba、Ge、V、Si、Nb、Mo、及びCrからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つであり、Mcは、Al、Zr、Ti、Mg、Ta、Nb、Mo及びCrからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つであり、Aは、P及びFからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つであり、0.9≦p≦1.05、0<x1≦0.3、0<y1≦0.2、0≦z1≦0.1、0≦q1≦0.1であり、0≦a<1、0<x1+y1+z1≦0.4である、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - ニッケル(Ni)及びコバルト(Co)を含み、且つ、マンガン(Mn)及びアルミニウム(Al)からなる群から選択された少なくとも一つを含むリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物、及び
前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の粒子表面に形成された表面コーティング部、を含み、
前記表面コーティング部は、前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物に比べてコバルト含量が高いコバルトリッチ層及びリチウムボロン酸化物を含み、
前記表面コーティング部の厚さは30nmから100nmであり、
示差走査熱量測定法(DSC)によって熱流量(Heat Flow)を測定したとき、234℃から240℃の温度範囲でメインピーク(main peak)が現われ、熱流量(Heat Flow)が2,000W/g以下である、二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の遷移金属の全含量のうちニッケル(Ni)の含量が60モル%以上である、請求項7に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記コバルトリッチ層内のニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)、マンガン(Mn)及びアルミニウム(Al)の原子個数の和に対するコバルト(Co)の原子個数の比と、前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物内のニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)、マンガン(Mn)及びアルミニウム(Al)の原子個数の和に対するコバルトの原子個数の比の差が0.05から0.2である、請求項7または請求項8に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムボロン酸化物に含有されたボロン(B)は、正極活物質の全重量に対して100から1000ppmで含有されている、請求項7から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- リチウム副産物が正極活物質の全重量に対して0.55重量%以下で含まれる、請求項7から請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物は、下記化学式1で表され、
[化学式1]
LipNi1-(x1+y1+z1)Cox1Ma y1Mb z1Mc q1O2-aAa
前記化学式1において、Maは、Mn及びAlからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つであり、Mbは、Zr、W、Mg、Al、Ce、Hf、Ta、La、Ti、Sr、Ba、Ge、V、Si、Nb、Mo、及びCrからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つであり、Mcは、Al、Zr、Ti、Mg、Ta、Nb、Mo及びCrからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つであり、Aは、P及びFからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つであり、0.9≦p≦1.05、0<x1≦0.3、0<y1≦0.2、0≦z1≦0.1、0≦q1≦0.1であり、0≦a<1、0<x1+y1+z1≦0.4である、請求項7から請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。 - 請求項7から請求項12のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質を含む、二次電池用正極。
- 請求項13に記載の正極を含む、リチウム二次電池。
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WO2019168301A1 (ko) | 2019-09-06 |
EP3715333A1 (en) | 2020-09-30 |
KR20190103955A (ko) | 2019-09-05 |
US20200335787A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
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