JP6709944B2 - 接合構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents

接合構造体の製造方法 Download PDF

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JP6709944B2
JP6709944B2 JP2018186574A JP2018186574A JP6709944B2 JP 6709944 B2 JP6709944 B2 JP 6709944B2 JP 2018186574 A JP2018186574 A JP 2018186574A JP 2018186574 A JP2018186574 A JP 2018186574A JP 6709944 B2 JP6709944 B2 JP 6709944B2
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Prior art keywords
reflow
pressure
test
solder
manufacturing
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JP2020055011A (ja
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怜史 大谷
怜史 大谷
光康 古澤
光康 古澤
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Koki Co Ltd
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Koki Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2018186574A priority Critical patent/JP6709944B2/ja
Application filed by Koki Co Ltd filed Critical Koki Co Ltd
Priority to KR1020217005009A priority patent/KR102259122B1/ko
Priority to US17/276,990 priority patent/US11446752B2/en
Priority to EP19869346.7A priority patent/EP3838465B1/en
Priority to CN201980058479.5A priority patent/CN112654453B/zh
Priority to PCT/JP2019/038727 priority patent/WO2020071357A1/ja
Priority to TW108135550A priority patent/TWI825188B/zh
Publication of JP2020055011A publication Critical patent/JP2020055011A/ja
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/008Soldering within a furnace
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0016Brazing of electronic components
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    • H01L24/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L24/10Bump connectors ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L24/15Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L24/16Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process of an individual bump connector
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Description

本発明は、接合構造体の製造方法に関する。
電子部品等の接合部品が基板に接合された接合構造体は、例えば、はんだ合金とフラックスとを含むソルダペーストを基板表面の電極部に塗布し、その後、電子部品の電極部を、前記ソルダペーストを介して前記基板表面の電極部に接触させて加熱(リフロー)することにより、製造することができる。このような接合構造体は、ソルダペーストからなる接合部を介して、基板と電子部品とが接合される。
従来、このような接合構造体では、リフロー時に発生するガスが接合部中にボイド(気泡)となって残存することが問題となっていた。特に、接合部品としてSiチップを用いた接合構造体では、接合部中に多量のボイドが発生することが知られている。接合部中にボイドが存在すると、接合部品と基板との接触面積が低下して電気抵抗が増加するため、接合構造体の電気的な信頼性を損なう。また、接合部中のボイドは熱伝導を妨げるため、接合構造体の放熱性を低下させる。
近年、リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧よりも低い圧力に減圧してリフロー(以下、真空リフローともいう)を行う方法が知られている(例えば、特許文献1)。当該方法では、リフロー炉内の雰囲気を減圧することにより、接合部中に形成されたボイドが膨張して接合部の外へ排出されやすくなるため、接合部中のボイドを低減することができる。
国際公開第2017/057651号
真空リフローでは、リフロー炉内において減圧する圧力の大きさが大きいほど、ボイドが接合部の外へ排出されやすくなるため、結果として、接合部中のボイドをより低減することができる。しかしながら、リフロー炉内において減圧する圧力の大きさを大きくすると、リフロー時にボイドが多量に接合部の外へ排出されるため、はんだ材料(はんだ箔、ソルダペースト等)が飛散しやすくなる。その結果、接合部品の電極間のショート、基板の汚染等を生じさせるという問題があった。このような問題は、接合部品がはんだ材料を介して基板に接合された接合構造体だけでなく、基板にはんだ材料を塗布することにより形成された接合構造体(例えば、はんだバンプ等)でも生じていた。
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、接合部におけるボイドを低減し、かつ、はんだ材料の飛散を抑制した接合構造体の製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
はんだ溶融直後は、ガスが多量に発生し、接合部中に形成されたボイド内部の圧力が高くなる。これにより、ボイドは膨張し、接合部の外へ排出されやすくなる。一方、はんだが溶融してある程度の時間が経過すると、ガスの発生量が少なくなり、接合部中に形成されたボイド内部の圧力とリフロー炉内の圧力との差が小さくなる。これにより、ボイドは接合部の外へ排出されにくくなり、結果として、接合部中に小さなボイドとして残存する。このような事情に鑑みて、本発明者らは、リフロー工程において、リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧よりも低い圧力まで減圧した状態ではんだ合金を溶融させた後、さらに低い圧力まで減圧した状態ではんだ合金を溶融させることにより、接合部におけるボイドを低減し、かつ、はんだ材料の飛散を抑制した接合構造体が得られることを見出した。本発明の要旨は、以下の通りである。
本発明に係る接合構造体の製造方法は、リフロー炉内で、はんだ材料と第1部材とを接触させた状態で加熱し、前記はんだ材料を構成するはんだ合金を溶融させるリフロー工程を備える接合構造体の製造方法であって、前記リフロー工程は、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧よりも低い第1圧力Pまで減圧した状態で前記はんだ合金を溶融させる第1リフロー工程と、前記第1リフロー工程後、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を前記第1圧力Pよりも低い第2圧力Pまで減圧した状態で前記はんだ合金を溶融させる第2リフロー工程と、を含む。
前記第2リフロー工程では、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を前記第1圧力Pよりも低い前記第2圧力Pまで減圧した状態で前記はんだ合金を溶融させる。これにより、前記第1リフロー工程において接合部に残った小さなボイドを、接合部の外へ排出することができる。その結果、接合部におけるボイドを低減することができる。また、前記第2リフロー工程では、前記第1リフロー工程に比べて、接合部の外へ排出されるボイドの量が少ないため、前記第1圧力Pよりも低い前記第2圧力Pまで減圧したとしても、はんだ材料の飛散を抑制することができる。
本発明に係る接合構造体の製造方法において、前記リフロー工程は、リフロー炉内で、はんだ材料を介して第1部材と第2部材とを接触させた状態で加熱し、前記はんだ材料を構成するはんだ合金を溶融させてもよい。
斯かる構成においても、接合部におけるボイドを低減し、かつ、はんだ材料の飛散を抑制することができる。
本発明に係る接合構造体の製造方法において、前記第1圧力Pに対する前記第2圧力Pの比(P/P)は、0.0017〜0.8であることが好ましい。
斯かる構成により、接合部におけるボイドをより低減し、かつ、はんだ材料の飛散をより抑制した接合構造体が得られる。
本発明に係る接合構造体の製造方法において、前記第1リフロー工程では、ピーク温度で第1保持時間T保持し、前記第2リフロー工程では、ピーク温度で第2保持時間T保持し、前記第1保持時間Tに対する前記第2保持時間Tの比(T/T)は、0.017〜59であることが好ましい。
斯かる構成により、接合部におけるボイドをより低減し、かつ、はんだ材料の飛散をより抑制した接合構造体が得られる。
本発明に係る接合構造体の製造方法において、前記リフロー工程は、さらに、前記第2リフロー工程後、前記はんだ合金の融点以上の温度で、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧まで加圧する第3リフロー工程を含むことが好ましい。
斯かる構成により、接合部におけるボイドをより低減した接合構造体が得られる。
本発明によれば、接合部におけるボイドを低減し、かつ、はんだ材料の飛散を抑制した接合構造体の製造方法を提供することができる。
図1は、本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法におけるリフロー温度プロファイル及びリフロー炉内の圧力変化の一例を示すグラフである。
以下、本発明の実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法について説明する。
<接合構造体の製造方法>
本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法は、リフロー炉内で、はんだ材料を介して基板(第1部材)と接合部品(第2部材)とを接触させた状態で加熱し、前記はんだ材料を構成するはんだ合金を溶融させるリフロー工程を備える接合構造体の製造方法であって、前記リフロー工程は、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧よりも低い第1圧力Pまで減圧した状態で前記はんだ合金を溶融させる第1リフロー工程と、前記第1リフロー工程後、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を前記第1圧力Pよりも低い第2圧力Pまで減圧した状態で前記はんだ合金を溶融させる第2リフロー工程と、を含む。
本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法に用いられるはんだ材料としては、特に限定されず、例えば、はんだ合金からなるはんだ箔、はんだ合金粉末とフラックスとからなるソルダペースト等を用いることができる。前記はんだ合金としては、例えば、Sn−Ag系合金、Sn−Ag−Cu系合金(SAC系合金)、Sn−Ag−Cu−Sb系合金、Sn−Ag−Cu−Bi系合金、Sn−Ag−Sb系合金、Sn−Cu系合金、Sn−Bi系合金、Sn−Zn系合金、Sn−In系合金、Pb−Sn系合金等の公知のはんだ合金を用いることができる。前記フラックスとしては、特に限定されず、例えば、ベース樹脂、活性剤、溶剤、チキソ剤等を含む公知のフラックスを用いることができる。
このようなはんだ材料は、はんだ印刷装置による印刷、転写印刷、ディスペンサーによる塗布、マウンターによる搭載等の公知の方法を用いて、基板(第1部材)の表面に配置することができる。前記基板(第1部材)としては、特に限定されず、例えば、プリント基板、DBC基板、ベースプレート板、リードフレーム、シリコンウエハ等の公知の基板を用いることができる。
そして、前記はんだ材料を介して前記基板(第1部材)と接触するように、前記接合部品(第2部材)を配置する。前記接合部品(第2部材)としては、特に限定されず、例えば、チップ部品(ICチップ等)、抵抗器、ダイオード、コンデンサ、トランジスタ、半導体チップ(Siチップ等)、ヒートシンク等の公知の接合部品を用いることができる。特に、本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法は、前記接合部品としてSiチップを用いた場合にも、優れた効果を発揮する。
ここで、本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法は、第1部材が基板であることに限定されるものではない。基板以外の第1部材としては、例えば、チップ部品(ICチップ等)、抵抗器、ダイオード、コンデンサ、トランジスタ、半導体チップ(Siチップ等)、ヒートシンク等が挙げられる。また、本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法は、第2部材が接合部品であることに限定されるものではない。接合部品以外の第2部材としては、例えば、プリント基板、DBC基板、ベースプレート、リードフレーム、ヒートシンク等が挙げられる。
なお、本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法では、第2部材を用いず、はんだ材料と第1部材とを接触させた状態で加熱し、前記はんだ材料を構成するはんだ合金を溶融させてもよい。このようにして形成される接合構造体としては、例えば、はんだバンプ等が挙げられる。
はんだ材料を介して接触した基板(第1部材)と接合部品(第2部材)とは、リフロー炉内に配置される。当該リフロー炉は、開閉可能なシャッターを有しており、当該シャッターを閉めることにより、炉内を密閉することができる。また、前記リフロー炉は、真空ポンプを用いて炉内の気体を排気することにより、炉内の雰囲気を10Pa程度まで減圧することができる。さらに、前記リフロー炉内には、窒素等の不活性ガス、ギ酸、水素等の還元ガス等を導入することができる。
なお、はんだ材料を介して接触した基板(第1部材)と接合部品(第2部材)とを配置した前記リフロー炉は、該リフロー炉内の気体を排気した後、窒素等の不活性ガスを導入する工程を繰り返すことにより、前記リフロー炉内の酸素濃度を低下させておくことが好ましい。
次に、リフロー炉内で、前記はんだ材料を介して前記基板(第1部材)と前記接合部品(第2部材)とを接触させた状態で加熱し、前記はんだ材料を構成するはんだ合金を溶融させる(リフロー工程)。図1は、本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法におけるリフロー温度プロファイル及びリフロー炉内の圧力変化の一例を示すグラフである。
前記リフロー工程では、まず、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧よりも低い第1圧力Pまで減圧した状態で前記はんだ合金を溶融させる(第1リフロー工程)。以下、前記第1リフロー工程について、詳細に説明する。
まず、リフロー炉内を加熱し、はんだ合金が溶融する前、すなわち、リフロー温度がはんだ合金の融点に達する前に、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧よりも低い第1圧力Pまで減圧する。はんだ合金が溶融する前に前記第1圧力Pへの減圧を行うことにより、はんだ材料の飛散をより抑制することができる。なお、昇温速度は、特に限定されず、はんだ材料に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、0.5〜5.0℃/sの範囲とすることができる。また、前記第1圧力Pは、特に限定されず、はんだ材料に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、200Pa〜30000Paの範囲とすることができる。
続いて、リフロー炉内をさらに加熱し、リフロー温度がピーク温度に達した後、第1保持時間T保持する。前記ピーク温度は、特に限定されず、はんだ材料に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、230〜400℃の範囲とすることができる。また、前記第1保持時間Tは、特に限定されず、はんだ材料に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、10〜300sの範囲とすることができ、好ましくは、30〜120sの範囲とすることができる。
なお、本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法は、はんだ合金が溶融する前に前記第1圧力Pへの減圧を行ったが、これに限定されるものではなく、はんだ合金が溶融し始めてから、すなわち、リフロー温度がはんだ合金の融点以上になってから前記第1圧力Pへの減圧を開始してもよい。
また、本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法は、ピーク温度で第1保持時間T保持したが、これに限定されるものではなく、ピーク温度での保持を行わなくてもよい。
前記リフロー工程では、前記第1リフロー工程後、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を前記第1圧力Pよりも低い第2圧力Pまで減圧した状態で前記はんだ合金を溶融させる(第2リフロー工程)。以下、前記第2リフロー工程について、詳細に説明する。
まず、前記第1リフロー工程において第1保持時間Tでの保持が終了した後、リフロー温度をピーク温度に保つとともに、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を前記第1圧力Pよりも低い第2圧力Pまで減圧する。前記第2圧力Pは、特に限定されず、はんだ材料に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、50Pa〜5000Paの範囲とすることができる。
前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を第2圧力Pまで減圧した後、リフロー温度をピーク温度に保つとともに、第2保持時間T保持する。前記ピーク温度は、前記第1リフロー工程におけるピーク温度と同様の範囲とすることができる。また、前記第2保持時間Tは、特に限定されず、はんだ材料に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、10〜300sの範囲とすることができ、好ましくは、30〜120sの範囲とすることができる。
なお、本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法は、ピーク温度で第2保持時間T保持したが、これに限定されるものではなく、ピーク温度での保持を行わなくてもよい。
前記第1圧力Pに対する前記第2圧力Pの比(P/P)は、接合部におけるボイドを低減し、かつ、はんだ材料の飛散を抑制する観点から、0.0017以上であることが好ましく、0.8以下であることが好ましい。また、前記P/Pは、0.05以上であることがより好ましく、0.1以上であることが特に好ましく、0.5以下であることがより好ましく、0.25以下であることが特に好ましい。
前記第1保持時間Tに対する前記第2保持時間Tの比(T/T)は、接合部におけるボイドを低減し、かつ、はんだ材料の飛散を抑制する観点から、0.017以上であることが好ましく、59以下であることが好ましい。また、前記T/Tは、0.33以上であることがより好ましく、3以下であることがより好ましい。
前記リフロー工程では、さらに、前記第2リフロー工程後、前記はんだ合金の融点以上の温度で、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧まで加圧する(第3リフロー工程)。具体的には、リフロー炉内に窒素等の不活性ガスを導入することにより大気圧まで加圧することができる。
前記はんだ合金の融点以上の温度で、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧まで加圧することにより、接合部におけるボイドをより低減することができる。
なお、本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法では、前記はんだ合金の融点以上の温度で、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧まで加圧したが、これに限定されるものではなく、前記はんだ合金の融点未満の温度で、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧まで加圧してもよい。
本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法では、リフロー工程が、リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧よりも低い第1圧力Pまで減圧した状態ではんだ合金を溶融させる第1リフロー工程と、該第1リフロー工程後、リフロー炉内の雰囲気を前記第1圧力Pよりも低い第2圧力Pまで減圧した状態ではんだ合金を溶融させる第2リフロー工程と、を含む。これにより、前記第2リフロー工程では、前記第1リフロー工程において接合部に残った小さなボイドを、接合部の外へ排出することができる。その結果、接合部におけるボイドを低減することができる。また、前記第2リフロー工程では、前記第1リフロー工程に比べて、接合部の外へ排出されるボイドの量が少ないため、前記第1圧力Pよりも低い前記第2圧力Pまで減圧したとしても、はんだ材料の飛散を抑制することができる。
本実施形態に係る接合構造体の製造方法は、上述のリフロー工程の前に、予熱工程を行ってもよい。前記予熱工程は、例えば、前記リフロー炉内で、前記はんだ材料を介して接触させた前記基板と前記接合部品とを予熱温度まで加熱して保持することにより行う。前記予熱温度は、特に限定されず、はんだ材料に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、120〜310℃の範囲とすることができる。また、前記予熱温度における保持時間は、特に限定されず、はんだ材料に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、0〜900sの範囲とすることができる。
前記予熱工程では、前記予熱温度での保持中に、真空ポンプを用いて前記リフロー炉内の気体を排気し、保持した後、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧まで加圧してもよい。また、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧まで加圧する際、ギ酸、水素等の還元ガスを導入してもよい。前記予熱工程において、前記リフロー炉内に還元ガスを導入することにより、上述のリフロー工程において、接合部におけるボイドをより低減することができる。なお、前記還元ガスは、前記リフロー炉内の気体を排気する前に導入を開始し、前記予熱工程において連続して導入し続けてもよい。また、前記予熱工程を開始する前に、真空ポンプを用いて前記リフロー炉内の気体を排気した後、ギ酸、水素等の還元ガスを導入してもよい。
以下、本発明の実施例について説明するが、本発明は、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
[試験1]
<試験基板の作製>
(試験No.1−1〜1−14)
合金A(96.5Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu)からなるはんだ箔(サイズ:10×10mm、厚さ:100μm)を介して、無酸素Cu板(サイズ:44×35mm)の基板と、Au/NiめっきされたSiチップ(サイズ:10×10mm)とが接触した状態でリフロー装置(商品名:VS1、オリジン電気社製)のリフロー炉内に配置した。そして、後述する予熱工程及びリフロー工程を行うことにより、試験No.1−1〜1−14の試験基板を作製した。
予熱工程では、まず、窒素雰囲気下において、昇温速度1.7℃/sで予熱温度200℃まで加熱した。そして、該予熱温度において、真空ポンプを用いてリフロー炉内の気体を排気して30s保持した後、ギ酸(3%)を導入することによりリフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧まで加圧して240s保持した。
続いて、リフロー工程では、まず、リフロー炉内の雰囲気を第1圧力Pへ減圧した後、昇温速度2.6℃/sでピーク温度250℃まで加熱し、第1保持時間T保持した(第1リフロー工程)。次に、リフロー炉内の雰囲気を第2圧力Pまで減圧した後、第2保持時間T保持した(第2リフロー工程)。最後に、ピーク温度250℃にて、リフロー炉内に窒素を導入することにより大気圧まで加圧した。前記第1リフロー工程及び前記第2リフロー工程の詳細な条件を表1に示す。
(試験No.2−1〜2−6)
前記第2リフロー工程を行わなかったこと以外は、試験No.1−1〜1−14と同様に試験No.2−1〜2−6の試験基板を作製した。リフロー工程の詳細な条件を表1に示す。
(試験No.1−15)
合金A(96.5Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu)からなるはんだ箔(サイズ:15×15mm、厚さ:100μm)を介して、NiめっきCu板(サイズ:44×35mm)の基板と、Ni板(サイズ:15×15mm)とが接触した状態でリフロー装置(商品名:VS1、オリジン電気社製)のリフロー炉内に配置した。リフロー工程では、ピーク温度まで大気圧で昇温し、ピーク温度に到達してから第1圧力Pへ減圧を行ったこと以外は、試験No.1−1〜1−14と同様に試験基板を作製した。リフロー工程の詳細な条件を表1に示す。
(試験No.2−7)
前記第2リフロー工程を行わなかったこと以外は、試験No.1−15と同様に試験基板を作製した。リフロー工程の詳細な条件を表1に示す。
<ボイド評価>
各試験基板のSiチップ搭載箇所におけるX線透過写真を撮影した。撮影装置はTUX−3100(マース東研社製)を用い、撮影条件は管電圧:75.0V、管電流:80.0μA、フィラメント電流:3.130Aとした。次に、撮影した写真を二値化処理することにより、接合部のボイド率を算出した。なお、試験No.1−1〜1−14の試験基板は、試験No.2−1〜2−6の試験基板のうち、第1リフロー工程における第1圧力Pの値、並びに、第1リフロー工程及び第2リフロー工程におけるピーク温度での合計保持時間(T+T)が等しい試験基板と比較することにより、ボイド率の低減率を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
<飛散評価>
各試験基板を上面から目視で観察し、下記の基準に基づき評価した。
◎:飛散がほとんど無かった。
○:飛散がわずかに確認された。
×:飛散が多く確認された。
Figure 0006709944
表1の結果から分かるように、本発明の構成要件をすべて満たす試験No.1−1〜1−15の試験基板は、第2リフロー工程を行わない試験No.2−1〜2−7の試験基板と比較して、接合部におけるボイドを低減し、かつ、はんだ材料の飛散を抑制することができる。
[試験2]
<試験基板の作製>
(試験No.3−1)
まず、合金A(96.5Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu)粉末とフラックス(2−エチルー1,3−ヘキサンジオール:90質量%、ステアリン酸アミド:10質量%)とを混合して、ソルダペーストを作製した。次に、無酸素Cu板(サイズ:44×35mm)の基板に該ソルダペーストを、厚さ200μmのメタルマスクを用いて開口率100%となるように塗布した。塗布したソルダペーストの厚さは200μmであった。その後、Au/NiめっきされたSiチップ(サイズ:10×10mm)を搭載し、該ソルダペーストを介して、無酸素Cu板(サイズ:44×35mm)の基板と、Au/NiめっきされたSiチップ(サイズ:10×10mm)とが接触した状態でリフロー装置(商品名:VS1、オリジン電気社製)のリフロー炉内に配置した。そして、後述する予熱工程及びリフロー工程を行うことにより、試験No.3−1の試験基板を作製した。
予熱工程では、まず、ギ酸(3%)雰囲気下において、昇温速度1.7℃/sで予熱温度200℃まで加熱し、240s保持した。
続いて、リフロー工程では、まず、リフロー炉内の雰囲気を第1圧力Pへ減圧した後、昇温速度2.6℃/sでピーク温度250℃まで加熱し、第1保持時間T保持した(第1リフロー工程)。次に、リフロー炉内の雰囲気を第2圧力Pまで減圧した後、第2保持時間T保持した(第2リフロー工程)。最後に、ピーク温度250℃にて、リフロー炉内に窒素を導入することにより大気圧まで加圧した。リフロー工程の詳細な条件を表2に示す。
(試験No.3−2)
予熱工程を窒素雰囲気下で行ったこと以外は、試験No.3−1と同様に試験基板を作製した。
(試験No.3−3)
予熱工程を行わず、ギ酸雰囲気下において、リフロー炉内の雰囲気を第1圧力Pへ減圧した後、ピーク温度まで加熱したこと以外は、試験No.3−1と同様に試験基板を作製した。
(試験No.3−4)
はんだ粉末として合金B(89.0Sn/3.0Ag/8.0Sb)を用い、リフロー工程におけるピーク温度を変更したこと以外は、試験No.3−1と同様に試験基板を作製した。
(試験No.3−5)
はんだ粉末として合金C(95.0Pb/5.0Sn)を用い、予熱保持温度を230℃とし、さらに、リフロー工程における第1圧力P及びピーク温度を変更したこと以外は、試験No.3−1と同様に試験基板を作製した。リフロー工程の詳細な条件を表2に示す。
(試験No.4−1〜4−5)
第2リフロー工程を行わなかったこと以外は、それぞれ、試験No.3−1〜3−5と同様に試験No.4−1〜4−5の試験基板を作製した。リフロー工程の詳細な条件を表2に示す。
<ボイド評価>
試験1と同様の方法で、ボイドの評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
<飛散評価>
試験1と同様の方法で、ボイドの評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
Figure 0006709944
表2の結果から分かるように、本発明の構成要件をすべて満たす試験No.3−1〜3−5の試験基板は、第2リフロー工程を行わない試験No.4−1〜4−5の試験基板と比較して、接合部におけるボイドを低減し、かつ、はんだ材料の飛散を抑制することができる。
[試験3]
<試験基板の作製>
(試験No.5)
まず、合金A(96.5Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu)粉末とフラックスとを混合して、ソルダペーストを作製した。前記フラックスは、ペーストフラックス(弘輝社製、製品名:ペーストフラックス(RMAタイプ))を用いた。次に、ガラスエポキシ基板(サイズ:50×50mm、厚み:1.6mm)を準備した。前記基板上には銅箔にてφ0.2mmのパターンを形成し、プリフラックス(商品名「タフエース」、四国化成社製)で処理した。前記基板に前記ソルダペーストを、厚さ150μmのメタルマスクを用いて開口率400%となるように塗布し、リフロー装置(商品名:VS1、オリジン電気社製)のリフロー炉内に配置した。塗布したソルダペーストの厚さは150μmであった。そして、後述する予熱工程及びリフロー工程を行うことにより、試験No.5の試験基板を作製した。
予熱工程では、まず、窒素雰囲気下において、昇温速度1.7℃/sで予熱温度200℃まで加熱した。そして、該予熱温度において、真空ポンプを用いてリフロー炉内の気体を排気して30s保持した後、ギ酸(3%)を導入することによりリフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧まで加圧して240s保持した。
続いて、リフロー工程では、まず、リフロー炉内の雰囲気を5000Pa(第1圧力P)へ減圧した後、昇温速度2.6℃/sでピーク温度250℃まで加熱し、60s(第1保持時間T)保持した(第1リフロー工程)。次に、リフロー炉内の雰囲気を100Pa(第2圧力P)まで減圧した後、60s(第2保持時間T)保持した(第2リフロー工程)。最後に、ピーク温度250℃にて、リフロー炉内に窒素を導入することにより大気圧まで加圧した。前記第1リフロー工程及び前記第2リフロー工程の条件を表3に示す。
(試験No.6)
第2リフロー工程を行わなかったこと以外は、試験No.5と同様に試験No.6の試験基板を作製した。リフロー工程の詳細な条件を表3に示す。
<ボイド評価>
試験1と同様の方法で、ボイドの評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
<飛散評価>
試験1と同様の方法で、ボイドの評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
Figure 0006709944
表3の結果から分かるように、本発明の構成要件をすべて満たす試験No.5の試験基板は、第2リフロー工程を行わない試験No.6の試験基板と比較して、接合部におけるボイドを低減し、かつ、はんだ材料の飛散を抑制することができる。

Claims (6)

  1. リフロー炉内で、はんだ材料と第1部材とを接触させた状態で加熱し、前記はんだ材料を構成するはんだ合金を溶融させるリフロー工程を備える接合構造体の製造方法であって、
    前記リフロー工程は、
    前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧から第1圧力Pまで減圧した状態で保持し、前記はんだ合金を溶融させる第1リフロー工程と、
    前記第1リフロー工程後、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を前記第1圧力Pよりも低い第2圧力Pまで減圧した状態で前記はんだ合金を溶融させる第2リフロー工程と、
    を含む、接合構造体の製造方法。
  2. 前記リフロー工程は、リフロー炉内で、はんだ材料を介して第1部材と第2部材とを接触させた状態で加熱し、前記はんだ材料を構成するはんだ合金を溶融させる、請求項1に記載の接合構造体の製造方法。
  3. 前記第1圧力Pに対する前記第2圧力Pの比(P/P)は、0.0017〜0.8である、請求項1又は2に記載の接合構造体の製造方法。
  4. 前記第1リフロー工程では、ピーク温度で第1保持時間T保持し、
    前記第2リフロー工程では、ピーク温度で第2保持時間T保持し、
    前記第1保持時間Tに対する前記第2保持時間Tの比(T/T)は、0.017〜59である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の接合構造体の製造方法。
  5. 前記リフロー工程は、さらに、前記第2リフロー工程後、前記はんだ合金の融点以上の温度で、前記リフロー炉内の雰囲気を大気圧まで加圧する第3リフロー工程を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の接合構造体の製造方法。
  6. 前記第1圧力P が200Pa〜30000Paであり、前記第2圧力P が50Pa〜5000Paである、請求項1〜5のいずれか一つに記載の接合構造体の製造方法。
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WO2020071357A1 (ja) 2020-04-09
EP3838465A4 (en) 2021-12-01
CN112654453B (zh) 2023-03-24

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