JP6644135B2 - 二次電池用正極活物質、及びこれを含む二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用正極活物質、及びこれを含む二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6644135B2 JP6644135B2 JP2018517624A JP2018517624A JP6644135B2 JP 6644135 B2 JP6644135 B2 JP 6644135B2 JP 2018517624 A JP2018517624 A JP 2018517624A JP 2018517624 A JP2018517624 A JP 2018517624A JP 6644135 B2 JP6644135 B2 JP 6644135B2
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- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- lithium
- secondary battery
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 94
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 94
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
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- 239000002335 surface treatment layer Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 27
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- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJELVSDAOKZZHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O AJELVSDAOKZZHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011564 manganese citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014872 manganese citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940097206 manganese citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/006—Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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Description
本出願は、2015年11月30日に出願された韓国特許出願第10−2015−0168668号及び2016年11月29日に出願された韓国特許出願第10−2016−0160507号に基づいた優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示されている全ての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれる。
前記コアは、複数個の1次粒子を含む2次粒子であり、
前記1次粒子は、平均粒径が50から200nmである、下記化学式(1)の多結晶リチウム複合金属酸化物を含み、そして、
前記表面処理層は、リチウム;及び、B、W、Hf、Nb、Ta、Mo、Si、Sn及びZrでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の金属を含むリチウム酸化物を含むものである二次電池用正極活物質が提供される。
[化学式(1)]
LiaNi1−x−yCoxM1yM3zM2wO2
(前記化学式(1)中、M1は、Al及びMnでなる群より選択される少なくともいずれか一つであり、M2は、Zr、Ti、Mg、Ta及びNbでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素であり、そして、M3は、W、Mo及びCrでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素であり、1.0≦a≦1.5、0<x≦0.5、0<y≦0.5、0.002≦z≦0.03、0≦w≦0.02、0<x+y≦0.7である。)
前記コアは、複数個の1次粒子を含む2次粒子であり、
前記1次粒子は、平均粒径が50から200nmである、下記化学式(1)の多結晶リチウム複合金属酸化物を含み、そして、
前記表面処理層は、リチウム;及び、B、W、Hf、Nb、Ta、Mo、Si、Sn及びZrでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の金属を含むリチウム酸化物を含む。
[化学式(1)]
LiaNi1−x−yCoxM1yM3zM2wO2
(前記化学式(1)中、M1は、Al及びMnでなる群より選択される少なくともいずれか一つであり、M2は、Zr、Ti、Mg、Ta及びNbでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素であり、そして、M3は、W、Mo及びCrでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素であり、1.0≦a≦1.5、0<x≦0.5、0<y≦0.5、0.002≦z≦0.03、0≦w≦0.02、0<x+y≦0.7である)
[化学式(2)]
LimMenO(m+B)/2
前記化学式(2)中、
Meは、B、W、Hf、Nb、Ta、Mo、Si、Sn及びZrでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素であり、より具体的には、B、W、SiまたはSnであってよく、1≦m≦10で、1≦n≦10であり、BはMeの酸化数である。
[化学式(3)]
Ni1−x−yCoxM1yM3zM2wA
(前記化学式(3)中、Aはヒドロキシ基またはオキシヒドロキシ基であり、M1、M2、M3、x、y、z及びwは前記で定義した通りである。)
60℃に設定された回分式バッチ(batch)型の5L反応器で、ニッケルスルフェート(NiSO4)、コバルトスルフェート(CoSO4)、マンガンスルフェート(MnSO4)、及びタングステン含有原料物質としてタングステン酸(H2WO4)を水中で0.6:0.2:0.2:0.005のモル比で混合して2M濃度の金属含有溶液を準備した。前記金属含有溶液入りの容器は反応器に入るように連結し、4M NaOH溶液と7%濃度のNH4OH水溶液を準備してそれぞれ反応器に連結した。共沈反応器(容量5L)に脱イオン水3リットルを入れたあと、窒素ガスを反応器に2リットル/分の速度でパージして水中の溶存酸素を除去し、反応器内を非酸化雰囲気に造成した。以後、4M NaOHを100ml投入したあと、60℃で1,200rpmの撹拌速度でpH 12.0になるように維持させた。以後、前記金属含有溶液を180ml/hr、NaOH水溶液を180ml/hr、NH4OH水溶液を10ml/hrの速度でそれぞれ投入し、24時間反応させて前駆体としてのニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合金属水酸化物を形成した。結果として形成されたニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合金属水酸化物の粒子を、リチウム原料物質としてのリチウム水酸化物と1:1.07のモル比で混合したあと、酸素雰囲気(酸素分圧20%)下で、500℃で20時間1次熱処理し、850℃で20時間2次熱処理してコア(LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2W0.005O2)を製造した。
60℃に設定された回分式バッチ(batch)型の5L反応器で、ニッケルスルフェート、コバルトスルフェート、マンガンスルフェート、及びタングステン含有原料物質としてタングステン酸を水中で0.6:0.2:0.2:0.005のモル比で混合して2M濃度の第1金属含有溶液を準備し、また、ニッケルスルフェート、コバルトスルフェート、マンガンスルフェート、及びタングステン含有原料物質としてタングステン酸を水中で0.4:0.3:0.3:0.005のモル比で混合して2M濃度の第2金属含有溶液を準備した。第1金属含有溶液入りの容器は反応器に入るように連結し、第2金属含有溶液入りの容器は第1金属含有溶液入りの容器に入るように連結した。さらに、4M NaOH溶液と7%濃度のNH4OH水溶液を準備してそれぞれ反応器に連結した。
前記実施例1−1で、H3BO3の代りに下記表1に記載された物質を記載の含量で用いることを除き、前記実施例1−1と同様の方法で行って正極活物質を製造した。
60℃に設定された回分式バッチ(batch)型の5L反応器で、ニッケルスルフェート、コバルトスルフェート、及びマンガンスルフェートを水中で0.6:0.2:0.2のモル比で混合して2M濃度の金属含有溶液を準備した。第1金属塩入りの容器は反応器に入るように連結し、4M NaOH溶液と7%濃度のNH4OH水溶液を準備してそれぞれ反応器に連結した。共沈反応器(容量5L)に脱イオン水3リットルを入れたあと、窒素ガスを反応器に2リットル/分の速度でパージして水中の溶存酸素を除去し、反応器内を非酸化雰囲気に造成した。以後、4M NaOHを100ml投入したあと、60℃で1,200rpmの撹拌速度でpH12.0になるように維持させた。以後、前記金属含有溶液を180ml/hr、NaOH水溶液を180ml/hr、NH4OH水溶液を10ml/hrの速度でそれぞれ投入し、24時間反応させてニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合金属水酸化物を形成した。
ニッケルスルフェート、コバルトスルフェート、マンガンスルフェート、及びタングステン含有原料物質としてタングステン酸を水中で0.6:0.2:0.2:0.05のモル比で混合して用い、形成されたニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合金属水酸化物の粒子を、リチウム原料物質としてのリチウム水酸化物と1:1.07のモル比で混合したあと、酸素雰囲気下で、500℃で20時間1次熱処理し、800℃で20時間2次熱処理してコア(LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2W0.05O2)を製造した点を除き、実施例1と同様の方法で正極活物質を製造した。
前記実施例1−1から1−7、比較例1−1及び1−2で製造した正極活物質をそれぞれ利用してリチウム二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例1−1で製造した正極活物質に対してイオンミリング(ion milling)を利用して加工したあと、電界放射形電子顕微鏡(field emission scanning electron microscopy、FE−SEM)で観察し、その結果から、コア及び表面処理層の厚さと体積、活物質内の比率をそれぞれ計算した。その結果を下記表2に示した。
実施例1−1から1−3、比較例1−1及び比較例1−2の多結晶リチウム複合金属酸化物粒子に対し、XRD結晶分析によって粒子の結晶の大きさを測定した。
前記実施例1−1から1−3、比較例1−1及び1−2で製造した正極活物質を利用して製造したコインセル(Li金属の負極を使用)を、25℃で0.1Cの定電流(CC)4.25Vになるまで充電し、以後、4.25Vの定電圧(CV)で充電し、充電電流が0.05mAhになるまで1回目の充電を行った。以後、20分間放置したあと、0.1Cの定電流で3.0Vになるまで放電して1サイクル目の放電容量を測定した。以後、2Cで放電条件を異にして充放電容量、充放電効率及びレート特性をそれぞれ評価した。その結果を下記表4に示した。
前記実施例1−1から1−3、比較例1−1及び1−2での正極活物質をそれぞれ含むリチウム二次電池(実施例2−1から2−3、比較例2−1及び比較例2−2)に対して下記のような方法で電池特性を評価した。
Claims (18)
- コア、及び前記コアの表面上に位置する表面処理層を含み、
前記コアは、複数個の1次粒子を含む2次粒子であり、
前記1次粒子は、平均粒径が80から120nmである、下記化学式(1)の多結晶リチウム複合金属酸化物を含み、そして、
前記表面処理層は、リチウム;及び、B、W、Hf、Nb、Ta、Mo、Si、Sn及びZrでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の金属を含むリチウム酸化物を含むものである二次電池用正極活物質。
[化学式(1)]
LiaNi1−x−yCoxM1yM3zM2wO2
前記化学式(1)中、
M1は、Al及びMnでなる群より選択される少なくともいずれか一つであり、
M2は、Zr、Ti、Mg、Ta及びNbでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素であり、
M3は、W、Mo及びCrでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素であり、
1.0≦a≦1.5、0<x≦0.5、0<y≦0.5、0.002≦z≦0.03、0≦w≦0.02、0<x+y≦0.7である。 - 前記リチウム酸化物が下記化学式(2)の化合物を含むものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
[化学式(2)]
LimMenO(m+B)/2
前記化学式(2)中、
Meは、B、W、Hf、Nb、Ta、Mo、Si、Sn及びZrでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素であり、
1≦m≦10で、1≦n≦10であり、BはMeの酸化数である。 - 前記リチウム酸化物がLiBO2、Li2B4O7、Li2WO4、Li4WO5及びLi6WO6でなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の混合物を含むものである請求項2に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記コアの内部に前記リチウム酸化物のMeがドープされ、前記Meは、コアの表面から内部に行くほど減少する濃度勾配を示すものである請求項2に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記ニッケル、M1及びコバルトのうち少なくともいずれか一つの金属元素は、前記コア内で変化する濃度勾配を示すものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記ニッケル、M1及びコバルトは、コア全体にかけてそれぞれ独立して変化する濃度勾配を示し、
前記ニッケルの濃度は、コアの中心から表面の方向に濃度勾配を有しながら減少し、そして、
前記コバルト及びM1の濃度は、それぞれ独立してコアの中心から表面の方向に濃度勾配を有しながら増加するものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記M1はマンガン(Mn)であるものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記表面処理層は、コアの全体表面積のうち25%以上100%未満の表面積に形成されるものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記表面処理層は、コアの半径に対して0.01から0.1の平均厚さ比を有するものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質は、平均粒径(D50)が2μmから20μmであるものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質は、BET比表面積が0.5m2/gから1.9m2/gであるものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質は、1.7g/ccから2.5g/ccのタップ密度を有するものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- ニッケル原料物質、コバルト原料物質及びM1原料物質(このとき、M1は、Al及びMnでなる群より選択される少なくともいずれか一つの元素である)を混合して金属含有溶液を準備する段階;
前記金属含有溶液にアンモニウム陽イオン含有錯体形成剤及び塩基性化合物を添加し反応させて前駆体を準備する段階;及び、
前記前駆体をリチウム原料物質と混合し、500℃から700℃での1次焼成及び700℃から900℃での2次焼成を行って遷移金属水酸化物粒子を製造する段階;
前記遷移金属水酸化物粒子と、M3原料物質及びリチウム原料物質を反応させ、下記化学式(1)の多結晶リチウム複合金属酸化物を含むコアを準備する段階(このとき、M3は、W、Mo及びCrでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素である);及び、
前記コアをリチウム酸化物の前駆体と混合した後、500℃から1200℃で熱処理する段階を含み、
前記リチウム酸化物は、リチウム;及び、B、W、Hf、Nb、Ta、Mo、Si、Sn及びZrでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の金属を含む酸化物であるものである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
[化学式(1)]
LiaNi1−x−yCoxM1yM3zM2wO2
(前記化学式(1)中、M1は、Al及びMnでなる群より選択される少なくともいずれか一つであり、M2は、Zr、Ti、Mg、Ta及びNbでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素であり、そして、M3は、W、Mo及びCrでなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素であり、1.0≦a≦1.5、0<x≦0.5、0<y≦0.5、0.002≦z≦0.03、0≦w≦0.02、0<x+y≦0.7である) - 前記リチウム原料物質は、リチウム原料物質内に含まれるリチウムと、前駆体内に含まれる金属元素とのモル比(リチウム/金属元素のモル比)が1.0以上になるように用いられるものである請求項13に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記前駆体の製造の際、前記金属含有溶液とは互いに異なる濃度でニッケル、コバルト、M1の原料物質を含む金属含有溶液がさらに添加される請求項13に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記1次及び2次焼成は、それぞれ独立して空気または酸素雰囲気下で行われるものである請求項13に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1から請求項12のうちいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質を含む二次電池用正極。
- 請求項17に記載の正極を含むリチウム二次電池。
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