JP6591220B2 - 半導体装置および電力制御装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置および電力制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6591220B2 JP6591220B2 JP2015141219A JP2015141219A JP6591220B2 JP 6591220 B2 JP6591220 B2 JP 6591220B2 JP 2015141219 A JP2015141219 A JP 2015141219A JP 2015141219 A JP2015141219 A JP 2015141219A JP 6591220 B2 JP6591220 B2 JP 6591220B2
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Description
《ドライバICの全体構成および全体動作》
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1による半導体装置において、その概略構成例を示す回路ブロック図である。図1に示すドライバIC(半導体装置)DVIC1は、1個の半導体チップで構成され、複数のパッドP1〜P9と、入力信号処理部LGCと、ブートストラップ回路BSCと、レベルシフト回路LSCと、ハイサイド駆動部HSUと、ロウサイド駆動部LSUと、故障検出部FDETUと、を備える。また、ここでは、ドライバIC(DVIC1)に加え、その外部に設けられるハイサイドアームHA、ロウサイドアームLAおよびブートストラップコンデンサCBを含めた電力制御装置の構成例と、さらに負荷回路LODを含めた電子システムの構成例が示される。
図18(a)は、ハイサイドアームおよびロウサイドアームで生じ得る故障の一例を示す説明図であり、図18(b)は、本発明の比較例として検討した半導体装置における故障検出方式の一例を示す概略図である。図18(a)には、一例として、Hブリッジ回路における2相の負荷駆動端子OUT1,OUT2を用いて負荷回路LODを駆動する場合の構成例が示される。負荷駆動端子OUT1は、ハイサイドアームHA1およびロウサイドアームLA1によって駆動され、負荷駆動端子OUT2は、ハイサイドアームHA2およびロウサイドアームLA2によって駆動される。
図3(a)は、図1における故障検出部の構成例を示す回路図であり、図3(b)は、図3(a)におけるコンパレータ回路の構成例を示す回路図である。図3(a)に示す故障検出部FDETUは、前述したセンスMOS(NMOSトランジスタ)MNdesと、故障検出回路FDETとを備える。センスMOS(MNdes)は、ドレイン(D)がフローティング電圧VS(パッドP6)に結合され、ソース(S)がセンスノードNs1に結合され、ゲートが電源電圧VCC(パッドP1)に結合される。センスMOS(MNdes)は、図18(b)に示したダイオードDdesの代わりに設けられる。
図4は、図1の半導体装置において、センスMOSの電気的特性の一例を示す図である。図4に示すように、ディプレッション型のセンスMOS(MNdes)は、ドレイン電圧(すなわちフローティング電圧VS)が“ゲート電圧Vg+Vsup”を超えない範囲では、ソース電圧(すなわちセンス電圧Vsen1)をドレイン電圧(VS)に等しくする特性を持つ。一方、当該センスMOS(MNdes)は、ドレイン電圧(VS)が“ゲート電圧Vg+Vsup”を超える範囲では、ソース電圧(Vsen1)を“ゲート電圧Vg+Vsup”にクランプする特性を持つ。
図5は、図1の半導体装置における概略的なレイアウト構成例を示す平面図である。図5に示す半導体装置(ドライバIC)DVIC1は、1個の半導体チップによって構成され、当該半導体チップには、ターミネーション領域AR_TRMBKと、低電圧領域AR_LVBKと、高電圧領域AR_HVBKとが形成される。ターミネーション領域AR_TRMBKは、リング状の形状を持ち、電源電圧VCCで動作する回路と、ブート電源電圧VBで動作する回路と、を分離および結合する領域である。
図7は、図6におけるセンスMOS(A−A’間)の構造例を示す断面図である。図7において、p−型の半導体基板SUB上には、n−型のエピタキシャル層EPIが配置される。エピタキシャル層EPIは、主面(言い換えれば素子形成面)側から半導体基板SUBに連結するように延伸するp型の分離層IDFによって分離される。この分離されたエピタキシャル層EPIの一つは、図6で述べたターミネーション領域AR_TRMBKを構成するリングの内部領域に対応するドリフト層LDRとなる。
図8は、図6におけるセンスMOS(A−A’間)の、図7とは異なる構造例を示す断面図である。図8に示す構造例は、図7と比較して、埋め込み分離層BIDFが配置されない点と、p型の分離層IDFがソース拡散層SOを超えてゲート絶縁膜GOXの下まで延伸している点と、ゲート絶縁膜GOXの直下にn型の拡散層DF3が配置される点と、が異なっている。これに伴い、ソース拡散層SOは、分離層IDF内に配置される。これ以外の構造に関しては、図7の場合と同様であるため、詳細な説明は省略する。
図9は、図6におけるレベルシフトMOS(B−B’間)の構造例を示す断面図である。図9に示すレベルシフトMOS(MN1,MN2)は、図8の構造例と比較して、主に、拡散層DF3が配置されない点と、分離電極IEおよびソース電極SEがソース電極SEで共通化されている点とが異なっている。また、図9では、図7等に示した高電圧領域AR_HVBKのNMOSトランジスタは省略されている。これ以外の構造に関しては、図8の場合と同様であるため、詳細な説明は省略する。
以上、本実施の形態1の半導体装置(ドライバIC(DVIC1))を用いることで、代表的には、当該半導体装置を含んだ電力制御装置の小型化や、低コスト化等が実現可能になる。このような効果は、特に、ターミネーション領域AR_TRMBKにセンスMOS(MNdes)を形成することで得られる。すなわち、これによって、図18(b)に示したダイオードDdesに対応する機能を半導体装置に内蔵することができ、さらに、これに伴い生じる恐れがある半導体装置の回路面積の増大も抑制することができる。
《故障検出部の詳細(応用例)》
図10は、本発明の実施の形態2による半導体装置において、図1における故障検出部の構成例を示す回路図である。図10に示す故障検出部FDETUは、図3(a)に示した構成例と比較して、故障検出回路FDET内に地絡検出回路DET2が追加される点が異なっている。
《ブートストラップ回路の構成》
図11は、本発明の実施の形態3による半導体装置において、図1におけるブートストラップ回路の構成例を示す回路図である。図11に示すブートストラップ回路BSCは、2個のNMOSトランジスタMNb,MNsと、コンパレータ回路CMP3とを備える。NMOSトランジスタMNbは、電源電圧VCCに結合されるパッド(電源端子)P1と、ブート電源電圧VBに結合されるパッド(電源端子)P4と、の間に設けられる。NMOSトランジスタMNsは、パッドP4(ブート電源電圧VB)と、センスノードNs2との間に設けられ、電源電圧VCCで駆動される。以降、本実施の形態では、NMOSトランジスタMNbをブートMOSと呼び、NMOSトランジスタMNsをブート用センスMOSと呼ぶ。
図12は、本発明の実施の形態3による半導体装置において、概略的なレイアウト構成例を示す平面図である。図12に示す半導体装置(ドライバIC)DVIC2は、図5に示した構成例と比較して、ターミネーション領域AR_TRMBK内に、ブートMOS(MNb)の領域AR1_MNb,AR2_MNbと、ブート用センスMOS(MNs)の領域AR_MNsの領域とが追加される点が異なっている。
図14は、図13におけるブートMOS(C−C’間)の構造例を示す断面図である。図14に示す構造例は、図7に示したセンスMOS(MNdes)の構造例と比較して、ターミネーション領域AR_TRMBKと高電圧領域AR_HVBKとの境界部分の構造が異なっている。すなわち、図7では、当該境界部分に分離層IDFが設けられるのに対して、図14では、分離層IDFが設けられず、埋め込み拡散層BDFがドレイン拡散層DRの下部付近まで延伸している。
《電力制御装置の概略回路構成》
図15は、本発明の実施の形態4による電力制御装置において、それを含めた電子システムの概略構成例を示す回路ブロック図である。図15に示す電子システム(例えば三相インバータシステム)は、1個のパッケージで構成される電力制御装置PKGと、その外付け部品となる3個のブートストラップコンデンサCB[1]〜CB[3]と、負荷回路LODと、を備える。負荷回路LODは、特に限定はされないが、例えば、インバータエアコンで用いるモータMT等である。モータMTは、150V以上で、例えば、600V等の外部電源電圧を用いた三相ブリッジインバータによって駆動される。
図16は、図15の電力制御装置において、ドライバICの概略的なレイアウト構成例を示す平面図である。図16に示すドライバIC(半導体装置)DVIC3は、1個の半導体チップで構成され、その半導体チップ内に、図12に示した各領域(ターミネーション領域AR_TRMBK、低電圧領域AR_LVBKおよび高電圧領域AR_HVBK)がそれぞれ3個ずつ設けられる。特に限定はされないが、図16の例では、図12に示したターミネーション領域AR_TRMBKは、第1方向に並んで3個配置され、低電圧領域AR_LVBKも、第1方向に並んで3個配置される。
図17は、図15の電力制御装置の概略的なパッケージ構成例を示す平面図である。図17に示す電力制御装置PKGは、例えばガラスエポキシ基板等の配線基板PCBと、リードフレームLFと、図15に示した各外部ピンPN1〜PN17にそれぞれ対応する複数のリードLDとを備え、これらがエポキシ樹脂等の封止材によって封止された構成となっている。
AR_HVBK 高電圧領域
AR_LVBK 低電圧領域
AR_MN1,AR_MN2,AR_MNdes,AR_MNs,AR_MNb 領域
AR_TRMBK ターミネーション領域
BDF 埋め込み拡散層
BIDF 埋め込み分離層
BSC ブートストラップ回路
BW ボンディングワイヤ
C コンデンサ
CB ブートストラップコンデンサ
CMP コンパレータ回路
COM 基準電圧
DE ドレイン電極
DF 拡散層
DLY 遅延回路
DR ドレイン拡散層
DVIC ドライバIC
DVh ハイサイドドライバ
DVl ロウサイドドライバ
Dh,Dl 還流ダイオード
EIS 素子分離用絶縁膜
EPI エピタキシャル層
FDET 故障検出回路
FDETU 故障検出部
FP フィールドプレート
GE ゲート電極
GOX ゲート絶縁膜
GT ゲート層
HA ハイサイドアーム
HIN ハイサイド入力信号
HO ハイサイド出力信号
HSU ハイサイド駆動部
HVBK 高電圧回路部
IBF 入力バッファ
IDF 分離層
IE 分離電極
ISL 層間絶縁膜
LA ロウサイドアーム
LD リード
LDR ドリフト層
LF リードフレーム
LGC 入力信号処理部
LIN ロウサイド入力信号
LO ロウサイド出力信号
LOD 負荷回路
LPF フィルタ回路
LSC レベルシフト回路
LSU ロウサイド駆動部
ML メタル配線
MN1,MN2 NMOSトランジスタ(レベルシフトMOS)
MNb NMOSトランジスタ(ブートMOS)
MNdes NMOSトランジスタ(センスMOS)
MNs NMOSトランジスタ(ブート用センスMOS)
MT モータ
Ns センスノード
OUT 負荷駆動端子
P パッド
PCB 配線基板
PGEN パルス発生回路
PN 外部ピン
POUT 負荷駆動信号
PRC 保護回路
PWL pウェル
R 抵抗
RT リセット信号
SE ソース電極
SO ソース拡散層
SRLT SRラッチ回路
ST セット信号
SUB 半導体基板
TRMBK ターミネーション部
TH ハイサイドトランジスタ
TL ロウサイドトランジスタ
UVLO 低電圧検出回路
VB ブート電源電圧
VCC 電源電圧
VIN 入力電源電圧
VS フローティング電圧
Vref 判定電圧
Vsen センス電圧
Vsup 持ち上がり電圧
Claims (17)
- フローティング電圧に結合されるフローティング端子と、
リング状の形状を持つターミネーション領域と、
前記ターミネーション領域の外側に設けられ、基準電圧を基準として第1の電源電圧で動作する回路が形成される第1の領域と、
前記ターミネーション領域の内側に設けられ、前記フローティング電圧を基準として第2の電源電圧で動作する回路が形成される第2の領域と、
が設けられ、1個の半導体チップで構成される半導体装置であって、
前記第1の領域に形成され、前記半導体装置の外部に設けられるロウサイドトランジスタを駆動するロウサイドドライバと、
前記第2の領域に形成され、前記半導体装置の外部に設けられるハイサイドトランジスタを駆動するハイサイドドライバと、
前記第1の領域で生成された、前記基準電圧を基準とする信号を、前記フローティング電圧を基準とする信号に変換して前記第2の領域に出力するレベルシフト回路と、
前記ターミネーション領域に形成され、前記フローティング端子と第1のセンスノードとの間に設けられ、前記第1の電源電圧で駆動される第1のトランジスタと、
前記第1の領域に形成され、前記ロウサイドドライバが前記ロウサイドトランジスタをオンに駆動している期間で、前記第1のセンスノードの電圧が予め定めた第1の判定電圧よりも高い場合に故障有りを検出する故障検出回路と、
を有する、
半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、
前記第1のトランジスタは、ディプレッション型のトランジスタである、
半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、
前記故障検出回路は、
前記第1のセンスノードの電圧を抵抗およびコンデンサを用いて平滑化するフィルタ回路と、
前記フィルタ回路の出力電圧と前記第1の判定電圧とを比較する第1のコンパレータ回路と、
を有する、
半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、
前記故障検出回路は、さらに、前記ロウサイドドライバが前記ロウサイドトランジスタをオフに、前記ハイサイドドライバが前記ハイサイドトランジスタをオンにそれぞれ駆動している期間で、前記第1のセンスノードの電圧が予め定めた第2の判定電圧よりも低い場合に故障有りを検出する、
半導体装置。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置において、さらに、
前記第1の電源電圧に結合される第1の電源端子と、
前記第2の電源電圧に結合される第2の電源端子と、
前記ターミネーション領域に形成され、前記第1の電源端子と前記第2の電源端子との間に設けられる第2のトランジスタと、
前記ターミネーション領域に形成され、前記第2の電源端子と第2のセンスノードとの間に設けられ、前記第1の電源電圧で駆動される第3のトランジスタと、
前記第1の領域に形成され、前記第2のセンスノードの電圧が前記第1の電源電圧よりも低い場合に、前記第2のトランジスタをオンに駆動し、前記第2のセンスノードの電圧が前記第1の電源電圧よりも高い場合に、前記第2のトランジスタをオフに駆動する第2のコンパレータ回路と、
を有し、
前記第2のトランジスタは、前記半導体装置の外部で、前記第2の電源端子と前記フローティング端子との間に設けられるコンデンサを充電し、
前記第3のトランジスタは、ディプレッション型のトランジスタである、
半導体装置。 - 請求項5記載の半導体装置において、
前記レベルシフト回路は、前記ターミネーション領域に形成される第4のトランジスタおよび第5のトランジスタを備え、
前記ターミネーション領域は、リングの周回方向をトランジスタのゲート幅とし、前記リングを周回方向で略3等分した3個の区間を持ち、
前記第1のトランジスタ、前記第4のトランジスタおよび前記第5のトランジスタは、それぞれ、前記3個の区間の中の互いに異なる区間内の一部の区間に形成される、
半導体装置。 - 請求項6記載の半導体装置において、
前記第4のトランジスタと前記第5のトランジスタは、前記リングの周回方向において第1の間隔で配置され、
前記第1のトランジスタと前記第4のトランジスタは、前記リングの周回方向において前記第1の間隔よりも大きい第2の間隔で配置され、
前記第1のトランジスタと前記第5のトランジスタは、前記リングの周回方向において前記第2の間隔と同等の大きさを持つ第3の間隔で配置され、
前記第2のトランジスタは、前記第2の間隔に対応する領域と前記第3の間隔に対応する領域とにそれぞれ配置され、
前記第3のトランジスタは、前記第1の間隔に対応する領域に配置される、
半導体装置。 - 基準電圧に結合される基準端子と、
第1の電源電圧に結合される第1の電源端子と、
第2の電源電圧に結合される第2の電源端子と、
前記第1の電源電圧よりも高い電圧値を持つ第3の電源電圧に結合される第3の電源端子と、
負荷駆動端子と、
前記第3の電源端子と前記負荷駆動端子との間に設けられるハイサイドトランジスタと、
前記負荷駆動端子と前記基準端子との間に設けられるロウサイドトランジスタと、
前記ハイサイドトランジスタおよび前記ロウサイドトランジスタを駆動する半導体チップと、
を備え、1個のパッケージで構成される電力制御装置であって、
前記半導体チップには、
リング状の形状を持つターミネーション領域と、
前記ターミネーション領域の外側に設けられ、前記基準電圧を基準として前記第1の電源電圧で動作する回路が形成される第1の領域と、
前記ターミネーション領域の内側に設けられ、前記負荷駆動端子の電圧を基準として前記第2の電源電圧で動作する回路が形成される第2の領域と、
が設けられ、
前記半導体チップは、
前記第1の領域に形成され、前記ロウサイドトランジスタを駆動するロウサイドドライバと、
前記第2の領域に形成され、前記ハイサイドトランジスタを駆動するハイサイドドライバと、
前記第1の領域で生成された、前記基準電圧を基準とする信号を、前記負荷駆動端子の電圧を基準とする信号に変換して前記第2の領域に出力するレベルシフト回路と、
前記ターミネーション領域に形成され、前記負荷駆動端子と第1のセンスノードとの間に設けられ、前記第1の電源電圧で駆動される第1のトランジスタと、
前記第1の領域に形成され、前記ロウサイドドライバが前記ロウサイドトランジスタをオンに駆動している期間で、前記第1のセンスノードの電圧が予め定めた第1の判定電圧よりも高い場合に故障有りを検出する故障検出回路と、
を有する、
電力制御装置。 - 請求項8記載の電力制御装置において、
前記第1のトランジスタは、ディプレッション型のトランジスタである、
電力制御装置。 - 請求項8記載の電力制御装置において、
前記故障検出回路は、
前記第1のセンスノードの電圧を抵抗およびコンデンサを用いて平滑化するフィルタ回路と、
前記フィルタ回路の出力電圧と前記第1の判定電圧とを比較する第1のコンパレータ回路と、
を有する、
電力制御装置。 - 請求項8記載の電力制御装置において、
前記故障検出回路は、さらに、前記ロウサイドドライバが前記ロウサイドトランジスタをオフに、前記ハイサイドドライバが前記ハイサイドトランジスタをオンにそれぞれ駆動している期間で、前記第1のセンスノードの電圧が予め定めた第2の判定電圧よりも低い場合に故障有りを検出する、
電力制御装置。 - 請求項8記載の電力制御装置において、さらに、
前記ターミネーション領域に形成され、前記第1の電源端子と前記第2の電源端子との間に設けられる第2のトランジスタと、
前記ターミネーション領域に形成され、前記第2の電源端子と第2のセンスノードとの間に設けられ、前記第1の電源電圧で駆動される第3のトランジスタと、
前記第1の領域に形成され、前記第2のセンスノードの電圧が前記第1の電源電圧よりも低い場合に、前記第2のトランジスタをオンに駆動し、前記第2のセンスノードの電圧が前記第1の電源電圧よりも高い場合に、前記第2のトランジスタをオフに駆動する第2のコンパレータ回路と、
を有し、
前記第2のトランジスタは、前記電力制御装置の外部で、前記第2の電源端子と前記負荷駆動端子との間に設けられるコンデンサを充電し、
前記第3のトランジスタは、ディプレッション型のトランジスタである、
電力制御装置。 - 請求項12記載の電力制御装置において、
前記レベルシフト回路は、前記ターミネーション領域に形成される第4のトランジスタおよび第5のトランジスタを備え、
前記ターミネーション領域は、リングの周回方向をトランジスタのゲート幅とし、前記リングを周回方向で略3等分した3個の区間を持ち、
前記第1のトランジスタ、前記第4のトランジスタおよび前記第5のトランジスタは、それぞれ、前記3個の区間の中の互いに異なる区間内の一部の区間に形成される、
電力制御装置。 - 請求項13記載の電力制御装置において、
前記第4のトランジスタと前記第5のトランジスタは、前記リングの周回方向において第1の間隔で配置され、
前記第1のトランジスタと前記第4のトランジスタは、前記リングの周回方向において前記第1の間隔よりも大きい第2の間隔で配置され、
前記第1のトランジスタと前記第5のトランジスタは、前記リングの周回方向において前記第2の間隔と同等の大きさを持つ第3の間隔で配置され、
前記第2のトランジスタは、前記第2の間隔に対応する領域と前記第3の間隔に対応する領域とにそれぞれ配置され、
前記第3のトランジスタは、前記第1の間隔に対応する領域に配置される、
電力制御装置。 - 請求項8記載の電力制御装置において、
前記電力制御装置は、前記第2の電源端子、前記負荷駆動端子、前記ハイサイドトランジスタおよび前記ロウサイドトランジスタをそれぞれ3個ずつ備え、
前記3個のハイサイドトランジスタは、前記第3の電源端子と前記3個の負荷駆動端子との間にそれぞれ設けられ、
前記3個のロウサイドトランジスタは、前記3個の負荷駆動端子と前記基準端子との間にそれぞれ設けられ、
前記半導体チップには、前記ターミネーション領域、前記第1の領域および前記第2の領域がそれぞれ3個ずつ設けられる、
電力制御装置。 - 請求項15記載の電力制御装置において、さらに、
前記半導体チップが搭載される配線基板と、
前記配線基板と、前記3個のハイサイドトランジスタおよび前記3個のロウサイドトランジスタのそれぞれとを結合するボンディングワイヤと、
を有する、
電力制御装置。 - 請求項16記載の電力制御装置において、
前記3個のハイサイドトランジスタおよび前記3個のロウサイドトランジスタのそれぞれは、IGBTである、
電力制御装置。
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