JP6508223B2 - エアロゲル積層体の製造方法及びエアロゲル積層ロール - Google Patents
エアロゲル積層体の製造方法及びエアロゲル積層ロール Download PDFInfo
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- JP6508223B2 JP6508223B2 JP2016572090A JP2016572090A JP6508223B2 JP 6508223 B2 JP6508223 B2 JP 6508223B2 JP 2016572090 A JP2016572090 A JP 2016572090A JP 2016572090 A JP2016572090 A JP 2016572090A JP 6508223 B2 JP6508223 B2 JP 6508223B2
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Description
本実施形態のエアロゲル積層ロールは、円筒状の巻芯と、当該巻芯にロール状に巻き付けられた厚み200μm以下のエアロゲル積層体と、を備える。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲル積層体は、支持体上に厚み200μm以下のエアロゲル層が積層された構造を備える。該エアロゲル層は、可とう性に優れており、従来、取扱い性が困難であったエアロゲルのシート化が可能となり、支持体と一体化できるため、エアロゲル積層体10は、円筒状の巻芯に巻き取って取り扱うことができる。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲル層は、エアロゲルにより構成されるものである。狭義には、湿潤ゲルに対して超臨界乾燥法を用いて得られた乾燥ゲルをエアロゲル、大気圧下での乾燥により得られた乾燥ゲルをキセロゲル、凍結乾燥により得られた乾燥ゲルをクライオゲルと称するが、本実施形態においては、湿潤ゲルのこれらの乾燥手法によらず、得られた低密度の乾燥ゲルをエアロゲルと称する。すなわち、本実施形態においてエアロゲルとは、広義のエアロゲルである「Gel comprised of a microporous solid in which the dispersed phase is a gas(分散相が気体である微多孔性固体から構成されるゲル)」を意味するものである。一般的にエアロゲルの内部は網目状の微細構造となっており、2〜20nm程度のエアロゲル粒子が結合したクラスター構造を有している。このクラスターにより形成される骨格間には、100nmに満たない細孔があり、三次元的に微細な多孔性の構造をしている。なお、本実施形態におけるエアロゲルは、シリカを主成分とするシリカエアロゲルである。シリカエアロゲルとしては、例えば、メチル基等の有機基又は有機鎖を導入した、いわゆる有機−無機ハイブリッド化されたシリカエアロゲルが挙げられる。エアロゲル層は、ポリシロキサン由来の構造を有するエアロゲルを含有する層であってもよい。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、支柱部及び橋かけ部を備えるラダー型構造を有するエアロゲルであり、かつ、橋かけ部が下記一般式(2)で表される構造を有するエアロゲルであってもよい。エアロゲルの骨格中にこのようなラダー型構造を導入することにより、耐熱性及び機械的強度を向上させることができる。なお、本実施形態において「ラダー型構造」とは、2本の支柱部(struts)と支柱部同士を連結する橋かけ部(bridges)とを有するもの(いわゆる「梯子」の形態を有するもの)である。本態様において、エアロゲル骨格がラダー型構造からなっていてもよいが、エアロゲルが部分的にラダー型構造を有していてもよい。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、分子内に反応性基を有するポリシロキサン化合物及び該ポリシロキサン化合物の加水分解生成物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種(以下、これらを総称して「ポリシロキサン化合物等」という場合がある)を含有するゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥して得られるものであってもよい。すなわち、エアロゲル層は、分子内に反応性基を有するポリシロキサン化合物及び該ポリシロキサン化合物の加水分解生成物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含有するゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥してなる層から構成されていてもよい。なお、これまで述べてきたエアロゲルも、このように分子内に反応性基を有するポリシロキサン化合物及び該ポリシロキサン化合物の加水分解生成物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含有するゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥することで得られるものであってもよい。本実施形態に係るエアロゲル層は、分子内に反応性基を有するポリシロキサン化合物及び該ポリシロキサン化合物の加水分解生成物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含有するゾルに由来する湿潤ゲルを乾燥してなる層であってもよい。本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、上記ゾルに由来する三次元網目構造を有することができる。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、シリカ粒子を含有するゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥して得られるものであってもよい。すなわち、エアロゲル層は、シリカ粒子を含有するゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥してなる層で構成されていてもよい。該エアロゲル層は、シリカ粒子が複合化された層である。なお、これまで述べてきたエアロゲルも、このように、シリカ粒子を含有するゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥することで得られるものであってもよい。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲル層は、ポリシロキサン由来の構造を有するエアロゲルを含有する層で構成されていてもよい。ポリシロキサン由来の構造としては、例えば、上記一般式(1)、(2)、(3)、(6)、(7)又は(8)で表される構造が挙げられる。よって、本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、シリカ粒子を含有せずに、上記一般式(6)、(7)及び(8)で表される構造のうち、少なくとも一種を有するものであってもよい。
本実施形態に係る支持体は、非エアロゲル層であり、支持体の構成としては、特に限定されず、単層でも複層でも構わない。支持部材としては、例えば、フィルム状支持体、箔状支持体等が挙げられる。
本実施形態のエアロゲル積層体の製造方法は、支持体と、該支持体上に設けられた湿潤ゲル層と、を有する湿潤ゲル積層体を、ロールツーロール(roll to roll)方式で洗浄する工程を備える方法により製造することができる。本実施形態に係るエアロゲル積層体は、支持体と、該支持体上に設けられた厚み200μm以下のエアロゲル層と、を有する。
ゾル生成工程は、上述のシリコン化合物と、場合によりポリシロキサン化合物及び/又はシリカ粒子を含む溶媒とを混合し、加水分解反応を行った後、ゾルゲル反応を行い、半ゲル化のゾル塗液を得る工程である。本工程においては、加水分解反応を促進させるため、溶媒中にさらに酸触媒を添加してもよい。また、特許第5250900号に示されるように、溶媒中に界面活性剤、熱加水分解性化合物等を添加することもできる。さらに、ゲル化反応を促進させるため、塩基触媒を添加してもよい。なお、本工程、後述する湿潤ゲル生成工程における工程時間を短縮し、加熱及び乾燥温度を低温化する観点から、ゾル中にシリカ粒子を含有するとよい。
湿潤ゲル生成工程は、上記ゾル生成工程で得られた半ゲル化状態のゾル塗液を、支持体に塗工してゲル化させてゲル層を形成する塗工工程と、ゲル層を熟成して湿潤ゲル層を形成する熟成工程からなる。具体的には、上記ゾル塗液を、支持体に塗布し、乾燥することによりゾル塗液をゲル化させてゲル層を支持体の表面に形成する。ただし、このゲル層は、支持体との接着力が確保される状態であることが望ましい。
洗浄工程は、上記湿潤ゲル生成工程により得られた湿潤ゲル積層体をロールツーロール方式で洗浄する工程(洗浄工程)である。湿潤ゲル積層体がロール状に巻き取られている場合には、巻き出されて洗浄される。洗浄工程では、後述する乾燥工程に適した溶媒に置換する工程(溶媒置換工程)を更に有していてもよい。洗浄及び溶媒置換手法は特に制限はされない。洗浄及び溶媒置換工程は、湿潤ゲル積層体を洗浄する工程を行わず、溶媒置換工程のみを行う形態でも実施可能であるが、湿潤ゲル層中の未反応物、副生成物等の不純物を低減し、より純度の高いエアロゲル積層体の製造を可能にする観点からは、熟成後の湿潤ゲル層を洗浄してもよい。洗浄工程をロールツーロール方式で行うことができるため、エアロゲル積層体の製造工程、製造時間等を短縮することができため、生産性に優れている。
乾燥工程では、上記の通り洗浄及び(必要に応じ)溶媒置換された湿潤ゲル層を有する湿潤ゲル積層体を乾燥させる。これにより、最終的なエアロゲル積層体を得ることができる。
[ゾル塗液1]
水を2000.0質量部、酸触媒として酢酸を1.00質量部、カチオン系界面活性剤として臭化セチルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(和光純薬工業株式会社製、以下、「CTAB」と略記)を200.0質量部及び熱加水分解性化合物として尿素を1200.0質量部混合し、これにシリコン化合物としてメチルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業株式会社製、製品名:KBM−13、以下「MTMS」と略記)を600.0質量部及びジメチルジメトキシシラン(信越化学工業株式会社製、製品名:KBM−22、以下「DMDMS」と略記)を400.0質量部加え、25℃で2時間反応させた。その後、60℃で5時間ゾルゲル反応させてゾル塗液1を得た。
上記ゾル塗液1を、支持体である(縦)30m×(横)600mm×(厚)12μmの両面アルミニウム蒸着PETフィルム(日立AIC株式会社製、製品名:VM−PET)に、ゲル化後の厚みが40μmとなるようにコンマコータを用いて塗布し、60℃で5分乾燥して、巻芯に巻き取ることで、ロール状の湿潤ゲル積層体を得た。その後、得られた湿潤ゲル積層体を乾燥機で、60℃で8時間熟成した。
[ゾル塗液2]
水を2000.0質量部、酸触媒として酢酸を1.00質量部、カチオン系界面活性剤としてCTABを200.0質量部及び熱加水分解性化合物として尿素を1200.0質量部混合し、これにシリコン化合物としてMTMSを800.0質量部及びポリシロキサン化合物として上記一般式(5)で表される構造を有する両末端2官能アルコキシ変性ポリシロキサン化合物(以下、「ポリシロキサン化合物A」という)を200.0質量部加え、25℃で2時間反応させた。その後、60℃で5時間ゾルゲル反応させてゾル塗液2を得た。
上記ゾル塗液2を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、上記一般式(2)、(3)、(6)及び(7)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体を備えるエアロゲル積層ロール2を得た。
[ゾル塗液3]
水を2000.0質量部、酸触媒として酢酸を1.00質量部、カチオン系界面活性剤としてCTABを200.0質量部及び熱加水分解性化合物として尿素を1200.0質量部混合し、これにシリコン化合物としてMTMSを600.0質量部及びポリシロキサン化合物として上記一般式(5)で表される構造を有する両末端3官能アルコキシ変性ポリシロキサン化合物(以下、「ポリシロキサン化合物B」という)を400.0質量部加え、25℃で2時間反応させた。その後、60℃で2時間ゾルゲル反応させてゾル塗液6を得た。
上記ゾル塗液3を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、上記一般式(2)及び(6)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体を備えるエアロゲル積層ロール3を得た。
[ゾル塗液4]
シリカ粒子含有原料としてPL−2L(扶桑化学工業株式会社製、製品名、平均1次粒子径:20nm、固形分:20質量%)を1000.0質量部、水を1000.0質量部、酸触媒として酢酸を1.00質量部、カチオン系界面活性剤としてCTABを200.0質量部及び熱加水分解性化合物として尿素を1200.0質量部混合し、これにシリコン化合物としてMTMSを600.0質量部及びDMDMSを200.0質量部、並びにポリシロキサン化合物としてX−22−160AS(信越化学工業株式会社製、製品名)を200.0質量部加え、25℃で2時間反応させた。その後、60℃で1.0時間ゾルゲル反応させてゾル塗液4を得た。
上記ゾル塗液4を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、上記一般式(1)、(6)及び(7)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体を備えるエアロゲル積層ロール4を得た。
[ゾル塗液5]
シリカ粒子含有原料としてPL−2Lを1000.0質量部、水を1000.0質量部、酸触媒として酢酸を1.00質量部、カチオン系界面活性剤としてCTABを200.0質量部及び熱加水分解性化合物として尿素を1200.0質量部混合し、これにシリコン化合物としてMTMSを600.0質量部及びDMDMSを200.0質量部、並びにポリシロキサン化合物としてポリシロキサン化合物Aを20.0質量部加え、25℃で2時間反応させた。その後、60℃で1.0時間ゾルゲル反応させてゾル塗液9を得た。
上記ゾル塗液5を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、上記一般式(2)、(3)、(6)及び(7)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体を備えるエアロゲル積層ロール5を得た。
[ゾル塗液6]
シリカ粒子含有原料としてPL−2Lを1000.0質量部、水を1000.0質量部、酸触媒として酢酸を1.00質量部、カチオン系界面活性剤としてCTABを200.0質量部及び熱加水分解性化合物として尿素を1200.0質量部混合し、これにシリコン化合物としてMTMSを600.0質量部及びDMDMSを200.0質量部、並びにポリシロキサン化合物としてポリシロキサン化合物Bを200.0質量部加え、25℃で2時間反応させた。その後、60℃で1.0時間ゾルゲル反応させてゾル塗液10を得た。
上記ゾル塗液6を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、上記一般式(2)、(6)及び(7)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体を備えるエアロゲル積層ロール6を得た。
[エアロゲル積層ロール7]
ゲル化後の厚みを20μmに変更した以外は、実施例5と同様にして、上記一般式(2)、(3)、(6)及び(7)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体を備えるエアロゲル積層ロール7を得た。
[エアロゲル積層ロール8]
ゲル化後の厚みを100μmに変更した以外は、実施例5と同様にして、上記一般式(2)、(3)、(6)及び(7)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体を備えるエアロゲル積層ロール8を得た。
[エアロゲル積層ロール9]
ゲル化後の厚みを150μmに変更した以外は、実施例5と同様にして、上記一般式(2)、(3)、(6)及び(7)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体を備えるエアロゲル積層ロール9を得た。
[エアロゲル積層ロール10]
ロール状の湿潤ゲル積層体を、600Lの水を含む第1の槽、600Lのメタノールを含む第2の槽1、600Lのメタノールを含む第3の槽及び600Lのメチルエチルケトンを含む第4の槽の順に通過させながらロールツーロール方式で洗浄した以外は、実施例5と同様にして上記一般式(2)、(3)、(6)及び(7)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体を備えるエアロゲル積層ロール10を得た。
[エアロゲル積層ロール11]
湿潤ゲル積層体をロール状に巻き取った際に、ゲル層の支持体側と反対の面に、セパレーター(大紀商事製、製品名:OKILON−Sha2520)を積層した以外は、実施例5と同様にして上記一般式(2)、(3)、(6)及び(7)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体を備えるエアロゲル積層ロール11を得た。
各実施例で得られたエアロゲル積層ロールについて、以下の条件に従い、測定又は評価をした。
エアロゲル積層ロールを、(縦)606mm×(横)343mmのシートA、(縦)612mm×(横)362mmのシートB、(縦)618mm×(横)380mmのシートC、(直径)105mmのシートD、(直径)112mmのシートE、(直径)118mmのシートFのサイズにそれぞれ加工した。
液体窒素容器22の外周に設けられた断熱材20の総厚みD30(mm)を、次式より算出した。
D30=Dc/2―50.0
式中、Dc(mm)は、エアロゲル積層体を30層巻き付けた後の液体窒素容器の直径を示す。
断熱性評価用の液体窒素容器を用いて、断熱性能を測定した。図5に、断熱性能試験装置の概略図を示す。まず、断熱材20が巻き付けられた液体窒素容器22を283Kに設定した恒温槽24に入れ、真空容器26内に設置した。次に、真空容器26内の真空排気をターボ分子ポンプ30で行い、真空容器26内部の真空圧力をピラニー真空計32及びイオン真空計34で計測した。ターボ分子ポンプ30を運転して、ピラニー真空計32が4×10−1Pa以下の真空圧力を示したのを確認後、イオン真空計34で真空圧力を計測し、真空容器26の圧力が1×10−2Pa以下になるまで、7日間真空排気を行った。その後、真空容器26内に設置された液体窒素容器22に液体窒素を注液後、首配管28の温度と蒸発した窒素ガス流量がほぼ一定値であり、定常状態であることを確認したときの、断熱材20を通過する熱流束qを算出した。
Claims (7)
- 支持体と、該支持体上に設けられた厚み10μm以上200μm以下のエアロゲル層と、を有するエアロゲル積層体の製造方法であって、
前記エアロゲル層が、ポリシロキサン由来の構造を有するエアロゲルを含有する層であり、
前記支持体と、該支持体上に設けられた湿潤ゲル層と、を有する湿潤ゲル積層体を、ロールツーロール方式で洗浄する工程を備える、エアロゲル積層体の製造方法。 - 前記湿潤ゲル層の厚みが、400μm以下である、請求項1に記載のエアロゲル積層体の製造方法。
- 前記湿潤ゲルが、分子内に反応性基を有するポリシロキサン化合物及び該ポリシロキサン化合物の加水分解生成物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含有するゾルから生成されたゲルを含有する、請求項1又は2に記載のエアロゲル積層体の製造方法。
- 前記湿潤ゲル層が、シリカ粒子を含有するゾルから生成されたゲルを含有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のエアロゲル積層体の製造方法。
- 支持体と、該支持体上に設けられた厚み10μm以上200μm以下のエアロゲル層と、を有するエアロゲル積層体を巻芯に巻きあげてなり、
前記エアロゲル層が、ポリシロキサン由来の構造を有するエアロゲルを含有する層である、エアロゲル積層ロール。 - 前記エアロゲル層が、分子内に反応性基を有するポリシロキサン化合物及び該ポリシロキサン化合物の加水分解生成物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含有するゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥してなる層である、請求項5に記載のエアロゲル積層ロール。
- 前記エアロゲル層が、シリカ粒子を含有するゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥してなる層である、請求項5又は6に記載のエアロゲル積層ロール。
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CN107206760A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
JPWO2016121798A1 (ja) | 2017-10-05 |
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CN107206760B (zh) | 2020-05-15 |
US20180009199A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
US11117353B2 (en) | 2021-09-14 |
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US10556405B2 (en) | 2020-02-11 |
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