JP6384976B2 - 3次元印刷用材料系 - Google Patents
3次元印刷用材料系 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6384976B2 JP6384976B2 JP2017125821A JP2017125821A JP6384976B2 JP 6384976 B2 JP6384976 B2 JP 6384976B2 JP 2017125821 A JP2017125821 A JP 2017125821A JP 2017125821 A JP2017125821 A JP 2017125821A JP 6384976 B2 JP6384976 B2 JP 6384976B2
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 58
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Description
図1を参照すると、本発明の材料系を用いる印刷方法に従い、粒子状材料20、すなわち実質的に乾燥した自由流動性粉末の層または膜が収容器24の直線移動可能な面22に適用されている。粒子状材料20の層または膜は、任意の好適な方法で、例えば逆回転ローラーを用いて形成することができる。面22に適用される粒子状材料20は、不溶性フィラー材料、可溶性フィラー材料および遷移金属触媒を含む。粒子状材料20はまた、顔料および/または加工助剤材料も含むことができる。
本明細書に記載する幾つかの実施形態に従う3D印刷に適した流体状結合剤の好ましい一実施形態は、次に示す成分を含むかまたは基本的にこれらからなり、重量百分率は流体状結合剤の総重量を基準とする。
キットは、上述の実質的に乾燥した粒子状材料および流体状結合剤の様々な組合せを含むことができる。例えば、キットは、(i)不溶性フィラー、可溶性フィラーおよび遷移金属触媒を含む実質的に乾燥した粒子状材料と、(ii)(メタ)アクリレートモノマーと、アリルエーテル官能性モノマーまたはアリルエーテル官能性オリゴマーの少なくとも1種と、有機ヒドロペルオキシドとを含む流体状結合剤とを含むことができる。あるいは、流体状結合剤の有機ヒドロペルオキシドを、本明細書に記載した光開始剤に置き換えることができる。
物品は、流体状結合剤を粒子状材料上に選択的に印刷することによって画定することができる。幾つかの実施形態においては、流体状結合剤は、(メタ)アクリレートモノマー、(メタ)アクリレートオリゴマー、アリルエーテル官能性モノマーおよび/またはオリゴマーと、有機ヒドロペルオキシドと、場合により第1促進剤とを含む。他の実施形態においては、流体状結合剤は、(メタ)アクリレートモノマー、(メタ)アクリレートオリゴマー、アリルエーテル官能性モノマーおよび/またはオリゴマーと、光開始剤と、場合により第1促進剤とを含む。さらなる他の実施形態においては、流体状結合剤は、コロイドシリカを含む。例えば、一実施形態においては、流体状結合剤は、(メタ)アクリレートモノマー中に懸濁されたコロイドシリカを、流体状結合剤の総重量を基準として40質量%〜95質量%を含む。粒子層上に堆積される結合剤の量は、予め定められた層厚さを50〜175ミクロン、より好ましくは75〜125ミクロンとして、選択的に印刷された領域の体積の20%〜35%の範囲になる量とすることができる。粒子状材料は、遷移金属触媒と、可溶性フィラー、不溶性フィラー、顔料、第2促進剤および加工助剤のうちの少なくとも1種とを含有する複数の隣接する粒子を含む。幾つかの実施形態においては、遷移金属触媒は、有機ヒドロペルオキシドの分解を誘発してフリーラジカルを生成する。フリーラジカルは、(メタ)アクリレートモノマーおよびオリゴマーの嫌気性重合ならびにアリルエーテル官能性モノマー/オリゴマーの好気性重合を開始させる。別法として、他の実施形態においては、光開始剤および遷移金属触媒は、開始放射線または活性放射線の存在下に協同的に作用して、フリーラジカルを生成することができる。この種の実施形態においては、フリーラジカルは、(メタ)アクリレートモノマーおよびオリゴマーの重合ならびにアリルエーテル官能性モノマー/オリゴマーの重合を開始させることができる。
(メタ)アクリレート官能基を有するモノマーおよび/またはオリゴマーと、アリル官能基を有するモノマーおよび/またはオリゴマーと、有機ヒドロペルオキシドとを含む流体状結合剤が、3D印刷に適した本明細書に記載する粒子状材料中に存在する遷移金属触媒と接触すると、有機ヒドロペルオキシドが分解してラジカル重合を開始する。特定の理論に束縛されることを望むものではないが、この接触の時点で2種類の反応機構:嫌気性重合および好気性重合が関与する可能性があると考えられる。
Co2+ + ROOH → Co3+ + RO・ + OH−
酸化されたCo3+イオンは、次いで、
Co3+ + ROOH → Co2+ + ROO・ + H+
および/または
Co3+ + OH− → Co2+ + ・OH
によりCo2+に還元されることができる。
3D印刷装置における造形材料の流動特性の制御に関与する組成を開示した。3つの主要な方法は、液状「加工助剤」の添加、粒度分布の制御および造形材料の摩擦挙動に寄与する固形フィラーの添加である。多くの有望な材料が、過去に、例えば、米国特許出願公開第2005/0003189号明細書に開示されている。当該明細書の開示内容全体を本明細書の一部を構成するものとしてここに援用する。3D印刷に使用するのに特に適した、乾燥粒子状造形材料の幾つかの機械特性を、特に、原料に特殊な流動特性が求められていない他の用途に用いられる類似の材料を含む他の配合物と対照させて、次の検討で開示する。
Claims (14)
- 可溶性フィラー、
不溶性フィラー、および
遷移金属触媒
を含む乾燥した粒子状材料と、
(メタ)アクリレートモノマー、
アリルエーテル官能性モノマーまたはアリルエーテル官能性オリゴマーのうちの少なくとも1種、および
光開始剤
を含む流体状結合剤と
を含むキットにおいて、前記不溶性フィラーが前記流体状結合剤に不溶であり、前記可溶性フィラーが前記流体状結合剤に可溶であり、前記光開始剤が前記流体状結合剤中に0.01質量%〜1質量%の量で存在し、前記粒子状材料が前記不溶性フィラーを50質量%〜90質量%含むことを特徴とする、キット。 - 前記流体状結合剤が、前記(メタ)アクリレートモノマーを40質量%〜90質量%および前記アリルエーテル官能性モノマー/オリゴマーを5質量%〜25質量%含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のキット。
- 前記流体状結合剤がコロイドシリカを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のキット。
- 前記コロイドシリカが前記(メタ)アクリレートモノマー中に懸濁されていることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載のキット。
- 前記流体状結合剤が、前記(メタ)アクリレートモノマー中に懸濁された前記コロイドシリカを40質量%〜90質量%含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記流体状結合剤が、前記(メタ)アクリレートオリゴマーを10質量%〜40質量%含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記乾燥した粒子状材料が、複数の層から構成される物品を形成するための3次元印刷に使用するのに好適であり、前記層が、前記粒子状材料と、3次元印刷時に前記粒子状材料に接触する前記流体状結合剤との反応生成物を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記粒子状材料の内部摩擦角の値が40°〜70°の範囲にあることを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記粒子状材料の臨界表面張力が20dynes/cm(2×10−4N/cm)を超えることを特徴とする、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記可溶性フィラーが、メタクリル酸メチルポリマー、メタクリル酸エチルポリマー、メタクリル酸ブチルポリマー、ポリビニルブチラールおよびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記不溶性フィラーが、中実ガラス球、中空ガラス球、中実セラミック球、中空セラミック球、馬鈴薯デンプン、板状アルミナ、硫酸カルシウム0.5水和物、硫酸カルシウム脱水物、炭酸カルシウム、超高分子量ポリエチレン、ポリアミド、ポリ環状オレフィン、ポリウレタン、ポリプロピレンおよびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記遷移金属触媒は、オクチル酸コバルト(II)、ナフテン酸コバルト(II)、オクチル酸バナジウム(II)、ナフテン酸マンガンおよびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記粒子状材料が、加工助剤を0.01質量%〜2.0質量%を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記加工助剤が、ミネラルオイル、ジ(カプリル酸/カプリン酸)プロピレングリコール、ワセリン、プロピレングリコール、フタル酸ジイソブチル、フタル酸ジイソノニル、ポリアルキレンオキシド変性ヘプタメチルトリシロキサン、ポリアルキレンオキシド変性ポリジメチルシロキサン、エトキシ化2級アルコール炭化水素、水素添加炭化水素樹脂、ポリジメチルシリコーン、ポリα−オレフィンおよびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載のキット。
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