JP6383427B2 - 縮合複素環化合物 - Google Patents
縮合複素環化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6383427B2 JP6383427B2 JP2016550664A JP2016550664A JP6383427B2 JP 6383427 B2 JP6383427 B2 JP 6383427B2 JP 2016550664 A JP2016550664 A JP 2016550664A JP 2016550664 A JP2016550664 A JP 2016550664A JP 6383427 B2 JP6383427 B2 JP 6383427B2
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- alkyl
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- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 178
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- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- 229960005261 aspartic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
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- 229940122632 Enteropeptidase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 60
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 54
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 48
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 41
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 27
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 21
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 21
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 21
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 20
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 19
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 17
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 13
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- 125000004916 (C1-C6) alkylcarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 12
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 12
- 125000006376 (C3-C10) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 206010006895 Cachexia Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 206010056997 Impaired fasting glucose Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 11
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 11
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000005915 C6-C14 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000005974 C6-C14 arylcarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 208000001145 Metabolic Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 10
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 125000005115 alkyl carbamoyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 125000004454 (C1-C6) alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 208000031226 Hyperlipidaemia Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 8
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 8
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 8
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ASOKPJOREAFHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(O)N=NC2=C1 ASOKPJOREAFHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyliminomethylidene-ethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 208000002705 Glucose Intolerance Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 7
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 201000009104 prediabetes syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 7
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 125000004739 (C1-C6) alkylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- UGJMXCAKCUNAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gabapentin Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1(CN)CCCCC1 UGJMXCAKCUNAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Description
エンテロペプチダーゼは食事後に膵臓から分泌されるトリプシノーゲンを、トリプシンへと変換するセリンプロテアーゼである。エンテロペプチダーゼにより活性化状態となったトリプシンは、その後、キモトリプシノーゲン、プロカルボキシペプチダーゼ、プロエラスターゼといったプロテアーゼ前駆体を活性化する。これら活性型プロテアーゼが食事由来の蛋白質をアミノ酸単位まで分解し、生じたアミノ酸は小腸より吸収される。したがって、エンテロペプチダーゼ阻害薬は、蛋白質の分解、吸収を抑制することが可能であり、肥満症治療薬として有用である。
環Aは、
R1は、H、ハロゲン、低級アルキル、OHを示し;
R2は、H、置換されていてもよいシクロアルキル、置換されていてもよいアリール、置換されていてもよい芳香族ヘテロ環、置換されていてもよい非芳香族ヘテロ環、−C(O)−低級アルキレン−置換されていてもよいアリール、置換されていてもよい低級アルキルを示し;
L1は、−Y1−低級アルキレン−Y2−、−C(O)−N(R6)−を示し;
Y1は、結合、−C(O)−を示し;
Y2は、結合、−N(R6)−、−C(O)−N(R6)−を示し;
L2は、−(CO2H等で置換されていてもよい低級アルキレン)−、−Y3−シクロヘキサンジイル−Y4−、−Y3−フェニレン−Y4−を示し、L2は、R2と一体となって置換されていてもよい環状アミノを形成してもよく;
Y3は、結合、低級アルキレンを示し;
Y4は、結合、低級アルキレン、−C(O)−を示し;
R3は、H、ハロゲンで置換されていてもよい低級アルキル、ハロゲン、OH、−O−低級アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール等を示し;
R4は、ハロゲンで置換されていてもよい低級アルキル、ハロゲン、OH、−O−低級アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール等を示し;
R5及びR6は、H、低級アルキルを示し;
X1、X2及びX3は、CH、N(ただし、X1、X2、X3のうち少なくとも1つはNである。)を示し;
mは、0〜4の整数を示し;
pは、0〜3の整数を示し;
qは、0〜4の整数を示す。]
で示される化合物(特許文献1)。
R1、R2、R3、R4は、H等を示し;
HetArは、置換されていてもよいヘテロ芳香環を示し;
Xは、置換されていてもよい低級アルキレン等を示し;
Yは、カルボニル等を示し;
Aは、
R6及びR7は、H、置換されていてもよい低級アルキル等を示す。]
で示される化合物(特許文献2)。
Dは、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ピリジン環を示し;
Hetは、ヘテロ環を示し;
R1は、H等を示し;
R2は、ニトロ、低級アルキル等を示し;
Xは、置換されていてもよい低級アルキレンを示し;
Zは、−N(R3)−(式中、R3は、H、置換されていてもよい低級アルキル、置換されていてもよい低級シクロアルキル等を示す。)を示し;
Yは、単結合、−(CH2)p−C(R4a)(R4b)−(CH2)q−(式中、R4a、R4bは、H、低級アルキル、アラルキルを示し、p及びqは、0〜5の整数を示す。)を示し;
Aは、−CO2R6(式中、R6は、H、低級アルキルを示す。)または
で示される化合物(特許文献3)。
Bは、ホウ素を示し;
Wは、窒素含有官能基(
Xは、リンカー(CX1X2)pを示し;
Y及びZは、OH、OR(Rは、アルキルを示す。)、ホモ環、ヘテロ環等を示し;
R1は、アミノアシル、アシル等を示し;
R2は、H、アルキル、OR(Rは、H、アルキルを示す。)を示す。]
で示される化合物(特許文献4)。
R1及びR2は、アルキル等を示し;
Xは、−OR3、−NR4R5等を示す。]
で示される化合物(特許文献5)。
すなわち、本発明は以下の通りである。
環Aは、ハロゲン原子、置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基および置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基から選ばれる1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいベンゼン環を示し;
R1は、水素原子、またはCOOHで置換されたC1-6アルキル基を示し、
R2は、1または2個のCOOHで置換され、さらにSO3Hで置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基を示す。〕
で表される化合物またはその塩(以下、化合物(I)と略記することがある。)。
[2] 環Aが、ハロゲン原子およびC1-6アルキル基から選ばれる1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいベンゼン環である、上記[1]記載の化合物またはその塩。
[3] R1が、水素原子、または1個のCOOHで置換されたC1-6アルキル基である、上記[1]または[2]記載の化合物またはその塩。
[4] R2が、1または2個のCOOHで置換されたC1-6アルキル基である、上記[1]〜[3]のいずれかに記載の化合物またはその塩。
[5] 環Aが、ハロゲン原子およびC1-6アルキル基から選ばれる1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいベンゼン環であり、
R1が、水素原子、または1個のCOOHで置換されたC1-6アルキル基であり、
R2が、1または2個のCOOHで置換されたC1-6アルキル基である、
上記[1]記載の化合物またはその塩。
[6] N-(((3S)-6-((4-カルバムイミドアミドベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロ-1-ベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセチル)-L-アスパラギン酸またはその塩。
[7] N-(((3R)-6-((4-カルバムイミドアミドベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロ-1-ベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセチル)-L-アスパラギン酸またはその塩。
[8] N-((6-((4-カルバムイミドアミドベンゾイル)オキシ)-4-メチル-2,3-ジヒドロ-1-ベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセチル)-L-アスパラギン酸またはその塩。
[9] 上記[1]記載の化合物またはその塩を含有する医薬。
[10] エンテロペプチダーゼ阻害剤である上記[9]記載の医薬。
[11] 肥満症の予防・治療剤である上記[9]記載の医薬。
[12] 糖尿病の予防・治療剤である上記[9]記載の医薬。
[13] 哺乳動物に対して上記[1]記載の化合物またはその塩の有効量を投与することを特徴とする、該哺乳動物における肥満症の予防・治療方法。
[14] 哺乳動物に対して上記[1]記載の化合物またはその塩の有効量を投与することを特徴とする、該哺乳動物における糖尿病の予防・治療方法。
[15] 哺乳動物に対して上記[1]記載の化合物またはその塩の有効量を投与することを特徴とする、該哺乳動物におけるエンテロペプチダーゼを阻害する方法。
[16] 肥満症の予防・治療剤を製造するための、上記[1]記載の化合物またはその塩の使用。
[17] 糖尿病の予防・治療剤を製造するための、上記[1]記載の化合物またはその塩の使用。
[18] 肥満症の予防・治療に使用するための、上記[1]記載の化合物またはその塩。
[19] 糖尿病の予防・治療に使用するための、上記[1]記載の化合物またはその塩。
以下に、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本明細書中、「ハロゲン原子」としては、例えば、フッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素が挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C1-6アルキル基」としては、例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、sec−ブチル、tert−ブチル、ペンチル、イソペンチル、ネオペンチル、1−エチルプロピル、ヘキシル、イソヘキシル、1,1−ジメチルブチル、2,2−ジメチルブチル、3,3−ジメチルブチル、2−エチルブチルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基」としては、例えば、1ないし7個、好ましくは1ないし5個のハロゲン原子を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基が挙げられる。具体例としては、メチル、クロロメチル、ジフルオロメチル、トリクロロメチル、トリフルオロメチル、エチル、2−ブロモエチル、2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル、テトラフルオロエチル、ペンタフルオロエチル、プロピル、2,2―ジフルオロプロピル、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、4,4,4−トリフルオロブチル、イソブチル、sec−ブチル、tert−ブチル、ペンチル、イソペンチル、ネオペンチル、5,5,5−トリフルオロペンチル、ヘキシル、6,6,6−トリフルオロヘキシルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C2-6アルケニル基」としては、例えば、エテニル、1−プロペニル、2−プロペニル、2−メチル−1−プロペニル、1−ブテニル、2−ブテニル、3−ブテニル、3−メチル−2−ブテニル、1−ペンテニル、2−ペンテニル、3−ペンテニル、4−ペンテニル、4−メチル−3−ペンテニル、1−ヘキセニル、3−ヘキセニル、5−ヘキセニルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C2-6アルキニル基」としては、例えば、エチニル、1−プロピニル、2−プロピニル、1−ブチニル、2−ブチニル、3−ブチニル、1−ペンチニル、2−ペンチニル、3−ペンチニル、4−ペンチニル、1−ヘキシニル、2−ヘキシニル、3−ヘキシニル、4−ヘキシニル、5−ヘキシニル、4−メチル−2−ペンチニルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C3-10シクロアルキル基」としては、例えば、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、シクロオクチル、ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプチル、ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクチル、ビシクロ[3.2.1]オクチル、アダマンチルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「ハロゲン化されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基」としては、例えば、1ないし7個、好ましくは1ないし5個のハロゲン原子を有していてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基が挙げられる。具体例としては、シクロプロピル、2,2−ジフルオロシクロプロピル、2,3−ジフルオロシクロプロピル、シクロブチル、ジフルオロシクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、シクロオクチルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C3-10シクロアルケニル基」としては、例えば、シクロプロペニル、シクロブテニル、シクロペンテニル、シクロヘキセニル、シクロヘプテニル、シクロオクテニルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C6-14アリール基」としては、例えば、フェニル、1−ナフチル、2−ナフチル、1−アントリル、2−アントリル、9−アントリルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C7-16アラルキル基」としては、例えば、ベンジル、フェネチル、ナフチルメチル、フェニルプロピルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基」としては、例えば、1ないし7個、好ましくは1ないし5個のハロゲン原子を有していてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基が挙げられる。具体例としては、メトキシ、ジフルオロメトキシ、トリフルオロメトキシ、エトキシ、2,2,2−トリフルオロエトキシ、プロポキシ、イソプロポキシ、ブトキシ、4,4,4−トリフルオロブトキシ、イソブトキシ、sec−ブトキシ、ペンチルオキシ、ヘキシルオキシが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C3-10シクロアルキルオキシ基」としては、例えば、シクロプロピルオキシ、シクロブチルオキシ、シクロペンチルオキシ、シクロヘキシルオキシ、シクロヘプチルオキシ、シクロオクチルオキシが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C1-6アルキルチオ基」としては、例えば、メチルチオ、エチルチオ、プロピルチオ、イソプロピルチオ、ブチルチオ、sec−ブチルチオ、tert−ブチルチオ、ペンチルチオ、ヘキシルチオが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルキルチオ基」としては、例えば、1ないし7個、好ましくは1ないし5個のハロゲン原子を有していてもよいC1-6アルキルチオ基が挙げられる。具体例としては、メチルチオ、ジフルオロメチルチオ、トリフルオロメチルチオ、エチルチオ、プロピルチオ、イソプロピルチオ、ブチルチオ、4,4,4−トリフルオロブチルチオ、ペンチルチオ、ヘキシルチオが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C1-6アルキル−カルボニル基」としては、例えば、アセチル、プロパノイル、ブタノイル、2−メチルプロパノイル、ペンタノイル、3−メチルブタノイル、2−メチルブタノイル、2,2−ジメチルプロパノイル、ヘキサノイル、ヘプタノイルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルキル−カルボニル基」としては、例えば、1ないし7個、好ましくは1ないし5個のハロゲン原子を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル−カルボニル基が挙げられる。具体例としては、アセチル、クロロアセチル、トリフルオロアセチル、トリクロロアセチル、プロパノイル、ブタノイル、ペンタノイル、ヘキサノイルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C1-6アルコキシ−カルボニル基」としては、例えば、メトキシカルボニル、エトキシカルボニル、プロポキシカルボニル、イソプロポキシカルボニル、ブトキシカルボニル、イソブトキシカルボニル、sec−ブトキシカルボニル、tert−ブトキシカルボニル、ペンチルオキシカルボニル、ヘキシルオキシカルボニルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C6-14アリール−カルボニル基」としては、例えば、ベンゾイル、1−ナフトイル、2−ナフトイルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C7-16アラルキル−カルボニル基」としては、例えば、フェニルアセチル、フェニルプロピオニルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「5ないし14員芳香族複素環カルボニル基」としては、例えば、ニコチノイル、イソニコチノイル、テノイル、フロイルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「3ないし14員非芳香族複素環カルボニル基」としては、例えば、モルホリニルカルボニル、ピペリジニルカルボニル、ピロリジニルカルボニルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「モノ−またはジ−C7-16アラルキル−カルバモイル基」としては、例えば、ベンジルカルバモイル、フェネチルカルバモイルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C1-6アルキルスルホニル基」としては、例えば、メチルスルホニル、エチルスルホニル、プロピルスルホニル、イソプロピルスルホニル、ブチルスルホニル、sec−ブチルスルホニル、tert−ブチルスルホニルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルキルスルホニル基」としては、例えば、1ないし7個、好ましくは1ないし5個のハロゲン原子を有していてもよいC1-6アルキルスルホニル基が挙げられる。具体例としては、メチルスルホニル、ジフルオロメチルスルホニル、トリフルオロメチルスルホニル、エチルスルホニル、プロピルスルホニル、イソプロピルスルホニル、ブチルスルホニル、4,4,4−トリフルオロブチルスルホニル、ペンチルスルホニル、ヘキシルスルホニルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「C6-14アリールスルホニル基」としては、例えば、フェニルスルホニル、1−ナフチルスルホニル、2−ナフチルスルホニルが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「炭化水素基」(「置換されていてもよい炭化水素基」における「炭化水素基」を含む)としては、例えば、C1-6アルキル基、C2-6アルケニル基、C2-6アルキニル基、C3-10シクロアルキル基、C3-10シクロアルケニル基、C6-14アリール基、C7-16アラルキル基が挙げられる。
[置換基群A]
(1)ハロゲン原子、
(2)ニトロ基、
(3)シアノ基、
(4)オキソ基、
(5)ヒドロキシ基、
(6)ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基、
(7)C6-14アリールオキシ基(例、フェノキシ、ナフトキシ)、
(8)C7-16アラルキルオキシ基(例、ベンジルオキシ)、
(9)5ないし14員芳香族複素環オキシ基(例、ピリジルオキシ)、
(10)3ないし14員非芳香族複素環オキシ基(例、モルホリニルオキシ、ピペリジニルオキシ)、
(11)C1-6アルキル−カルボニルオキシ基(例、アセトキシ、プロパノイルオキシ)、
(12)C6-14アリール−カルボニルオキシ基(例、ベンゾイルオキシ、1−ナフトイルオキシ、2−ナフトイルオキシ)、
(13)C1-6アルコキシ−カルボニルオキシ基(例、メトキシカルボニルオキシ、エトキシカルボニルオキシ、プロポキシカルボニルオキシ、ブトキシカルボニルオキシ)、
(14)モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルキル−カルバモイルオキシ基(例、メチルカルバモイルオキシ、エチルカルバモイルオキシ、ジメチルカルバモイルオキシ、ジエチルカルバモイルオキシ)、
(15)C6-14アリール−カルバモイルオキシ基(例、フェニルカルバモイルオキシ、ナフチルカルバモイルオキシ)、
(16)5ないし14員芳香族複素環カルボニルオキシ基(例、ニコチノイルオキシ)、
(17)3ないし14員非芳香族複素環カルボニルオキシ基(例、モルホリニルカルボニルオキシ、ピペリジニルカルボニルオキシ)、
(18)ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルキルスルホニルオキシ基(例、メチルスルホニルオキシ、トリフルオロメチルスルホニルオキシ)、
(19)C1-6アルキル基で置換されていてもよいC6-14アリールスルホニルオキシ基(例、フェニルスルホニルオキシ、トルエンスルホニルオキシ)、
(20)ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルキルチオ基、
(21)5ないし14員芳香族複素環基、
(22)3ないし14員非芳香族複素環基、
(23)ホルミル基、
(24)カルボキシ基、
(25)ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルキル−カルボニル基、
(26)C6-14アリール−カルボニル基、
(27)5ないし14員芳香族複素環カルボニル基、
(28)3ないし14員非芳香族複素環カルボニル基、
(29)C1-6アルコキシ−カルボニル基、
(30)C6-14アリールオキシ−カルボニル基(例、フェニルオキシカルボニル、1−ナフチルオキシカルボニル、2−ナフチルオキシカルボニル)、
(31)C7-16アラルキルオキシ−カルボニル基(例、ベンジルオキシカルボニル、フェネチルオキシカルボニル)、
(32)カルバモイル基、
(33)チオカルバモイル基、
(34)モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルキル−カルバモイル基、
(35)C6-14アリール−カルバモイル基(例、フェニルカルバモイル)、
(36)5ないし14員芳香族複素環カルバモイル基(例、ピリジルカルバモイル、チエニルカルバモイル)、
(37)3ないし14員非芳香族複素環カルバモイル基(例、モルホリニルカルバモイル、ピペリジニルカルバモイル)、
(38)ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルキルスルホニル基、
(39)C6-14アリールスルホニル基、
(40)5ないし14員芳香族複素環スルホニル基(例、ピリジルスルホニル、チエニルスルホニル)、
(41)ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルキルスルフィニル基、
(42)C6-14アリールスルフィニル基(例、フェニルスルフィニル、1−ナフチルスルフィニル、2−ナフチルスルフィニル)、
(43)5ないし14員芳香族複素環スルフィニル基(例、ピリジルスルフィニル、チエニルスルフィニル)、
(44)アミノ基、
(45)モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルキルアミノ基(例、メチルアミノ、エチルアミノ、プロピルアミノ、イソプロピルアミノ、ブチルアミノ、ジメチルアミノ、ジエチルアミノ、ジプロピルアミノ、ジブチルアミノ、N−エチル−N−メチルアミノ)、
(46)モノ−またはジ−C6-14アリールアミノ基(例、フェニルアミノ)、
(47)5ないし14員芳香族複素環アミノ基(例、ピリジルアミノ)、
(48)C7-16アラルキルアミノ基(例、ベンジルアミノ)、
(49)ホルミルアミノ基、
(50)C1-6アルキル−カルボニルアミノ基(例、アセチルアミノ、プロパノイルアミノ、ブタノイルアミノ)、
(51)(C1-6アルキル)(C1-6アルキル−カルボニル)アミノ基(例、N−アセチル−N−メチルアミノ)、
(52)C6-14アリール−カルボニルアミノ基(例、フェニルカルボニルアミノ、ナフチルカルボニルアミノ)、
(53)C1-6アルコキシ−カルボニルアミノ基(例、メトキシカルボニルアミノ、エトキシカルボニルアミノ、プロポキシカルボニルアミノ、ブトキシカルボニルアミノ、tert−ブトキシカルボニルアミノ)、
(54)C7-16アラルキルオキシ−カルボニルアミノ基(例、ベンジルオキシカルボニルアミノ)、
(55)C1-6アルキルスルホニルアミノ基(例、メチルスルホニルアミノ、エチルスルホニルアミノ)、
(56)C1-6アルキル基で置換されていてもよいC6-14アリールスルホニルアミノ基(例、フェニルスルホニルアミノ、トルエンスルホニルアミノ)、
(57)ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、
(58)C2-6アルケニル基、
(59)C2-6アルキニル基、
(60)C3-10シクロアルキル基、
(61)C3-10シクロアルケニル基、及び
(62)C6-14アリール基。
本明細書中、「複素環基」(「置換されていてもよい複素環基」における「複素環基」を含む)としては、例えば、環構成原子として炭素原子以外に窒素原子、硫黄原子および酸素原子から選ばれる1ないし4個のヘテロ原子をそれぞれ含有する、(i)芳香族複素環基、(ii)非芳香族複素環基および(iii)7ないし10員複素架橋環基が挙げられる。
該「芳香族複素環基」の好適な例としては、チエニル、フリル、ピロリル、イミダゾリル、ピラゾリル、チアゾリル、イソチアゾリル、オキサゾリル、イソオキサゾリル、ピリジル、ピラジニル、ピリミジニル、ピリダジニル、1,2,4−オキサジアゾリル、1,3,4−オキサジアゾリル、1,2,4−チアジアゾリル、1,3,4−チアジアゾリル、トリアゾリル、テトラゾリル、トリアジニルなどの5ないし6員単環式芳香族複素環基;
ベンゾチオフェニル、ベンゾフラニル、ベンゾイミダゾリル、ベンゾオキサゾリル、ベンゾイソオキサゾリル、ベンゾチアゾリル、ベンゾイソチアゾリル、ベンゾトリアゾリル、イミダゾピリジニル、チエノピリジニル、フロピリジニル、ピロロピリジニル、ピラゾロピリジニル、オキサゾロピリジニル、チアゾロピリジニル、イミダゾピラジニル、イミダゾピリミジニル、チエノピリミジニル、フロピリミジニル、ピロロピリミジニル、ピラゾロピリミジニル、オキサゾロピリミジニル、チアゾロピリミジニル、ピラゾロトリアジニル、ナフト[2,3−b]チエニル、フェノキサチイニル、インドリル、イソインドリル、1H−インダゾリル、プリニル、イソキノリル、キノリル、フタラジニル、ナフチリジニル、キノキサリニル、キナゾリニル、シンノリニル、カルバゾリル、β−カルボリニル、フェナントリジニル、アクリジニル、フェナジニル、フェノチアジニル、フェノキサジニルなどの8ないし14員縮合多環式(好ましくは2または3環式)芳香族複素環基が挙げられる。
該「非芳香族複素環基」の好適な例としては、アジリジニル、オキシラニル、チイラニル、アゼチジニル、オキセタニル、チエタニル、テトラヒドロチエニル、テトラヒドロフラニル、ピロリニル、ピロリジニル、イミダゾリニル、イミダゾリジニル、オキサゾリニル、オキサゾリジニル、ピラゾリニル、ピラゾリジニル、チアゾリニル、チアゾリジニル、テトラヒドロイソチアゾリル、テトラヒドロオキサゾリル、テトラヒドロイソオキサゾリル、ピペリジニル、ピペラジニル、テトラヒドロピリジニル、ジヒドロピリジニル、ジヒドロチオピラニル、テトラヒドロピリミジニル、テトラヒドロピリダジニル、ジヒドロピラニル、テトラヒドロピラニル、テトラヒドロチオピラニル、モルホリニル、チオモルホリニル、アゼパニル、ジアゼパニル、アゼピニル、オキセパニル、アゾカニル、ジアゾカニルなどの3ないし8員単環式非芳香族複素環基;
ジヒドロベンゾフラニル、ジヒドロベンゾイミダゾリル、ジヒドロベンゾオキサゾリル、ジヒドロベンゾチアゾリル、ジヒドロベンゾイソチアゾリル、ジヒドロナフト[2,3−b]チエニル、テトラヒドロイソキノリル、テトラヒドロキノリル、4H−キノリジニル、インドリニル、イソインドリニル、テトラヒドロチエノ[2,3−c]ピリジニル、テトラヒドロベンゾアゼピニル、テトラヒドロキノキサリニル、テトラヒドロフェナントリジニル、ヘキサヒドロフェノチアジニル、ヘキサヒドロフェノキサジニル、テトラヒドロフタラジニル、テトラヒドロナフチリジニル、テトラヒドロキナゾリニル、テトラヒドロシンノリニル、テトラヒドロカルバゾリル、テトラヒドロ−β−カルボリニル、テトラヒドロアクリジニル、テトラヒドロフェナジニル、テトラヒドロチオキサンテニル、オクタヒドロイソキノリルなどの9ないし14員縮合多環式(好ましくは2または3環式)非芳香族複素環基が挙げられる。
本明細書中、「含窒素複素環基」としては、「複素環基」のうち、環構成原子として少なくとも1個以上の窒素原子を含有するものが挙げられる。
本明細書中、「置換されていてもよい複素環基」としては、例えば、前記した置換基群Aから選ばれる置換基を有していてもよい複素環基が挙げられる。
「置換されていてもよい複素環基」における置換基の数は、例えば、1ないし3個である。置換基数が2個以上の場合、各置換基は同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
また、「アシル基」としては、炭化水素−スルホニル基、複素環−スルホニル基、炭化水素−スルフィニル基、複素環−スルフィニル基も挙げられる。
ここで、炭化水素−スルホニル基とは、炭化水素基が結合したスルホニル基を、複素環−スルホニル基とは、複素環基が結合したスルホニル基を、炭化水素−スルフィニル基とは、炭化水素基が結合したスルフィニル基を、複素環−スルフィニル基とは、複素環基が結合したスルフィニル基を、それぞれ意味する。
「アシル基」の好適な例としては、ホルミル基、カルボキシ基、C1-6アルキル−カルボニル基、C2-6アルケニル−カルボニル基(例、クロトノイル)、C3-10シクロアルキル−カルボニル基(例、シクロブタンカルボニル、シクロペンタンカルボニル、シクロヘキサンカルボニル、シクロヘプタンカルボニル)、C3-10シクロアルケニル−カルボニル基(例、2−シクロヘキセンカルボニル)、C6-14アリール−カルボニル基、C7-16アラルキル−カルボニル基、5ないし14員芳香族複素環カルボニル基、3ないし14員非芳香族複素環カルボニル基、C1-6アルコキシ−カルボニル基、C6-14アリールオキシ−カルボニル基(例、フェニルオキシカルボニル、ナフチルオキシカルボニル)、C7-16アラルキルオキシ−カルボニル基(例、ベンジルオキシカルボニル、フェネチルオキシカルボニル)、カルバモイル基、モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルキル−カルバモイル基、モノ−またはジ−C2-6アルケニル−カルバモイル基(例、ジアリルカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C3-10シクロアルキル−カルバモイル基(例、シクロプロピルカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C6-14アリール−カルバモイル基(例、フェニルカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C7-16アラルキル−カルバモイル基、5ないし14員芳香族複素環カルバモイル基(例、ピリジルカルバモイル)、チオカルバモイル基、モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルキル−チオカルバモイル基(例、メチルチオカルバモイル、N−エチル−N−メチルチオカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C2-6アルケニル−チオカルバモイル基(例、ジアリルチオカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C3-10シクロアルキル−チオカルバモイル基(例、シクロプロピルチオカルバモイル、シクロヘキシルチオカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C6-14アリール−チオカルバモイル基(例、フェニルチオカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C7-16アラルキル−チオカルバモイル基(例、ベンジルチオカルバモイル、フェネチルチオカルバモイル)、5ないし14員芳香族複素環チオカルバモイル基(例、ピリジルチオカルバモイル)、スルフィノ基、C1-6アルキルスルフィニル基(例、メチルスルフィニル、エチルスルフィニル)、スルホ基、C1-6アルキルスルホニル基、C6-14アリールスルホニル基、ホスホノ基、モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルキルホスホノ基(例、ジメチルホスホノ、ジエチルホスホノ、ジイソプロピルホスホノ、ジブチルホスホノ)が挙げられる。
置換されていてもよいアミノ基の好適な例としては、アミノ基、モノ−またはジ−(ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルキル)アミノ基(例、メチルアミノ、トリフルオロメチルアミノ、ジメチルアミノ、エチルアミノ、ジエチルアミノ、プロピルアミノ、ジブチルアミノ)、モノ−またはジ−C2-6アルケニルアミノ基(例、ジアリルアミノ)、モノ−またはジ−C3-10シクロアルキルアミノ基(例、シクロプロピルアミノ、シクロヘキシルアミノ)、モノ−またはジ−C6-14アリールアミノ基(例、フェニルアミノ)、モノ−またはジ−C7-16アラルキルアミノ基(例、ベンジルアミノ、ジベンジルアミノ)、モノ−またはジ−(ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1-6アルキル)−カルボニルアミノ基(例、アセチルアミノ、プロピオニルアミノ)、モノ−またはジ−C6-14アリール−カルボニルアミノ基(例、ベンゾイルアミノ)、モノ−またはジ−C7-16アラルキル−カルボニルアミノ基(例、ベンジルカルボニルアミノ)、モノ−またはジ−5ないし14員芳香族複素環カルボニルアミノ基(例、ニコチノイルアミノ、イソニコチノイルアミノ)、モノ−またはジ−3ないし14員非芳香族複素環カルボニルアミノ基(例、ピペリジニルカルボニルアミノ)、モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルコキシ−カルボニルアミノ基(例、tert−ブトキシカルボニルアミノ)、5ないし14員芳香族複素環アミノ基(例、ピリジルアミノ)、カルバモイルアミノ基、(モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルキル−カルバモイル)アミノ基(例、メチルカルバモイルアミノ)、(モノ−またはジ−C7-16アラルキル−カルバモイル)アミノ基(例、ベンジルカルバモイルアミノ)、C1-6アルキルスルホニルアミノ基(例、メチルスルホニルアミノ、エチルスルホニルアミノ)、C6-14アリールスルホニルアミノ基(例、フェニルスルホニルアミノ)、(C1-6アルキル)(C1-6アルキル−カルボニル)アミノ基(例、N−アセチル−N−メチルアミノ)、(C1-6アルキル)(C6-14アリール−カルボニル)アミノ基(例、N−ベンゾイル−N−メチルアミノ)が挙げられる。
置換されていてもよいカルバモイル基の好適な例としては、カルバモイル基、モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルキル−カルバモイル基、モノ−またはジ−C2-6アルケニル−カルバモイル基(例、ジアリルカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C3-10シクロアルキル−カルバモイル基(例、シクロプロピルカルバモイル、シクロヘキシルカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C6-14アリール−カルバモイル基(例、フェニルカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C7-16アラルキル−カルバモイル基、モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルキル−カルボニル−カルバモイル基(例、アセチルカルバモイル、プロピオニルカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C6-14アリール−カルボニル−カルバモイル基(例、ベンゾイルカルバモイル)、5ないし14員芳香族複素環カルバモイル基(例、ピリジルカルバモイル)が挙げられる。
置換されていてもよいチオカルバモイル基の好適な例としては、チオカルバモイル基、モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルキル−チオカルバモイル基(例、メチルチオカルバモイル、エチルチオカルバモイル、ジメチルチオカルバモイル、ジエチルチオカルバモイル、N−エチル−N−メチルチオカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C2-6アルケニル−チオカルバモイル基(例、ジアリルチオカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C3-10シクロアルキル−チオカルバモイル基(例、シクロプロピルチオカルバモイル、シクロヘキシルチオカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C6-14アリール−チオカルバモイル基(例、フェニルチオカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C7-16アラルキル−チオカルバモイル基(例、ベンジルチオカルバモイル、フェネチルチオカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルキル−カルボニル−チオカルバモイル基(例、アセチルチオカルバモイル、プロピオニルチオカルバモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C6-14アリール−カルボニル−チオカルバモイル基(例、ベンゾイルチオカルバモイル)、5ないし14員芳香族複素環チオカルバモイル基(例、ピリジルチオカルバモイル)が挙げられる。
置換されていてもよいスルファモイル基の好適な例としては、スルファモイル基、モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルキル−スルファモイル基(例、メチルスルファモイル、エチルスルファモイル、ジメチルスルファモイル、ジエチルスルファモイル、N−エチル−N−メチルスルファモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C2-6アルケニル−スルファモイル基(例、ジアリルスルファモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C3-10シクロアルキル−スルファモイル基(例、シクロプロピルスルファモイル、シクロヘキシルスルファモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C6-14アリール−スルファモイル基(例、フェニルスルファモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C7-16アラルキル−スルファモイル基(例、ベンジルスルファモイル、フェネチルスルファモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C1-6アルキル−カルボニル−スルファモイル基(例、アセチルスルファモイル、プロピオニルスルファモイル)、モノ−またはジ−C6-14アリール−カルボニル−スルファモイル基(例、ベンゾイルスルファモイル)、5ないし14員芳香族複素環スルファモイル基(例、ピリジルスルファモイル)が挙げられる。
置換されていてもよいヒドロキシ基の好適な例としては、ヒドロキシ基、C1-6アルコキシ基、C2-6アルケニルオキシ基(例、アリルオキシ、2−ブテニルオキシ、2−ペンテニルオキシ、3−ヘキセニルオキシ)、C3-10シクロアルキルオキシ基(例、シクロヘキシルオキシ)、C6-14アリールオキシ基(例、フェノキシ、ナフチルオキシ)、C7-16アラルキルオキシ基(例、ベンジルオキシ、フェネチルオキシ)、C1-6アルキル−カルボニルオキシ基(例、アセチルオキシ、プロピオニルオキシ、ブチリルオキシ、イソブチリルオキシ、ピバロイルオキシ)、C6-14アリール−カルボニルオキシ基(例、ベンゾイルオキシ)、C7-16アラルキル−カルボニルオキシ基(例、ベンジルカルボニルオキシ)、5ないし14員芳香族複素環カルボニルオキシ基(例、ニコチノイルオキシ)、3ないし14員非芳香族複素環カルボニルオキシ基(例、ピペリジニルカルボニルオキシ)、C1-6アルコキシ−カルボニルオキシ基(例、tert−ブトキシカルボニルオキシ)、5ないし14員芳香族複素環オキシ基(例、ピリジルオキシ)、カルバモイルオキシ基、C1-6アルキル−カルバモイルオキシ基(例、メチルカルバモイルオキシ)、C7-16アラルキル−カルバモイルオキシ基(例、ベンジルカルバモイルオキシ)、C1-6アルキルスルホニルオキシ基(例、メチルスルホニルオキシ、エチルスルホニルオキシ)、C6-14アリールスルホニルオキシ基(例、フェニルスルホニルオキシ)が挙げられる。
置換されていてもよいスルファニル基の好適な例としては、スルファニル(−SH)基、C1-6アルキルチオ基、C2-6アルケニルチオ基(例、アリルチオ、2−ブテニルチオ、2−ペンテニルチオ、3−ヘキセニルチオ)、C3-10シクロアルキルチオ基(例、シクロヘキシルチオ)、C6-14アリールチオ基(例、フェニルチオ、ナフチルチオ)、C7-16アラルキルチオ基(例、ベンジルチオ、フェネチルチオ)、C1-6アルキル−カルボニルチオ基(例、アセチルチオ、プロピオニルチオ、ブチリルチオ、イソブチリルチオ、ピバロイルチオ)、C6-14アリール−カルボニルチオ基(例、ベンゾイルチオ)、5ないし14員芳香族複素環チオ基(例、ピリジルチオ)、ハロゲン化チオ基(例、ペンタフルオロチオ)が挙げられる。
置換されていてもよいシリル基の好適な例としては、トリ−C1-6アルキルシリル基(例、トリメチルシリル、tert-ブチル(ジメチル)シリル)が挙げられる。
好ましくは、ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子)および置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基(例、メチル)から選ばれる1ないし3個(好ましくは1個)の置換基で置換されていてもよいベンゼン環であり、
より好ましくは、ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子)およびC1-6アルキル基(例、メチル)から選ばれる1ないし3個(好ましくは1個)の置換基で置換されていてもよいベンゼン環であり、
さらに好ましくは、ベンゼン環である。
R1は、
好ましくは、水素原子、または1個のCOOHで置換されたC1-6アルキル基(例、メチル、エチル)であり、
より好ましくは、水素原子である。
R2は、
好ましくは、1または2個のCOOHで置換されたC1-6アルキル基(例、メチル、エチル、プロピル)であり、
より好ましくは、2個のCOOHで置換されたC1-6アルキル基(例、エチル)である。
環Aが、ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子)およびC1-6アルキル基(例、メチル)から選ばれる1ないし3個(好ましくは1個)の置換基で置換されていてもよいベンゼン環であり;
R1が、水素原子、または1個のCOOHで置換されたC1-6アルキル基(例、メチル、エチル)であり;
R2が、1または2個のCOOHで置換されたC1-6アルキル基(例、メチル、エチル、プロピル)である、化合物(I)。
環Aが、ベンゼン環であり;
R1が、水素原子であり;
R2が、2個のCOOHで置換されたC1-6アルキル基(例、エチル)である、化合物(I)。
化合物(I)のプロドラッグは、生体内における生理条件下で酵素や胃酸などによる反応により化合物(I)に変換される化合物、すなわち酵素的に酸化、還元、加水分解などを起こして化合物(I)に変化する化合物、胃酸などにより加水分解などを起こして化合物(I)に変化する化合物をいう。
本明細書において、プロドラッグは塩を形成していてもよく、かかる塩としては、前述の式(I)で示される化合物の塩として例示したものが挙げられる。
アルコール類:メタノール、エタノール、tert−ブチルアルコール、2−メトキシエタノールなど;
エーテル類:ジエチルエーテル、ジフェニルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2−ジメトキシエタンなど;
芳香族炭化水素類:クロロベンゼン、トルエン、キシレンなど;
飽和炭化水素類:シクロヘキサン、ヘキサンなど;
アミド類:N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチルピロリドンなど;
ハロゲン化炭化水素類:ジクロロメタン、四塩化炭素など;
ニトリル類:アセトニトリルなど;
スルホキシド類:ジメチルスルホキシドなど;
芳香族有機塩基類:ピリジンなど;
酸無水物類:無水酢酸など;
有機酸類:ギ酸、酢酸、トリフルオロ酢酸など;
無機酸類:塩酸、硫酸など;
エステル類:酢酸エチルなど;
ケトン類:アセトン、メチルエチルケトンなど;
水。
上記溶媒は、二種以上を適宜の割合で混合して用いてもよい。
無機塩基類:水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化マグネシウムなど;
塩基性塩類:炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸水素ナトリウムなど;
有機塩基類:トリエチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ピリジン、4−ジメチルアミノピリジン、N,N−ジメチルアニリン、1,4−ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン、1,8−ジアザビシクロ[5.4.0]−7−ウンデセン、イミダゾール、ピペリジンなど;
金属アルコキシド類:ナトリウムエトキシド、カリウムtert−ブトキシドなど;
アルカリ金属水素化物類:水素化ナトリウムなど;
金属アミド類:ナトリウムアミド、リチウムジイソプロピルアミド、リチウムヘキサメチルジシラジドなど;
有機リチウム類:n−ブチルリチウムなど。
無機酸類:塩酸、硫酸、硝酸、臭化水素酸、リン酸など;
有機酸類:酢酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、クエン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸、10−カンファースルホン酸など;
ルイス酸:三フッ化ホウ素ジエチルエーテル錯体、ヨウ化亜鉛、無水塩化アルミニウム、無水塩化亜鉛、無水塩化鉄など。
アルコールなどの水酸基やフェノール性水酸基の保護基としては、例えば、メトキシメチルエーテル、ベンジルエーテル、t−ブチルジメチルシリルエーテル、テトラヒドロピラニルエーテルなどのエーテル型保護基;酢酸エステルなどのカルボン酸エステル型保護基;メタンスルホン酸エステルなどのスルホン酸エステル型保護基;t−ブチルカルボネートなどの炭酸エステル型保護基などが挙げられる。
アルデヒドのカルボニル基の保護基としては、例えば、ジメチルアセタールなどのアセタール型保護基;環状1,3−ジオキサンなどの環状アセタール型保護基などが挙げられる。
ケトンのカルボニル基の保護基としては、例えば、ジメチルケタールなどのケタール型保護基;環状1,3−ジオキサンなどの環状ケタール型保護基;O−メチルオキシムなどのオキシム型保護基;N,N−ジメチルヒドラゾンなどのヒドラゾン型保護基などが挙げられる。
カルボキシル基の保護基としては、例えば、メチルエステルなどのエステル型保護基;N,N−ジメチルアミドなどのアミド型保護基などが挙げられる。
チオールの保護基としては、例えば、ベンジルチオエーテルなどのエーテル型保護基;チオ酢酸エステル、チオカルボネート、チオカルバメートなどのエステル型保護基などが挙げられる。
アミノ基や、イミダゾール、ピロール、インドールなどの芳香族ヘテロ環の保護基としては、例えば、ベンジルカルバメートなどのカルバメート型保護基;アセトアミドなどのアミド型保護基;N−トリフェニルメチルアミンなどのアルキルアミン型保護基、メタンスルホンアミドなどのスルホンアミド型保護基などが挙げられる。
保護基の除去は、自体公知の方法、例えば、酸、塩基、紫外光、ヒドラジン、フェニルヒドラジン、N−メチルジチオカルバミン酸ナトリウム、テトラブチルアンモニウムフルオリド、酢酸パラジウム、トリアルキルシリルハライド(例えば、トリメチルシリルヨージド、トリメチルシリルブロミド)を使用する方法や還元法などを用いて行うことができる。
なお、化合物(1)および化合物(2)は、自体公知の方法により製造することができる。
さらに、化合物(I)は、薬学的に許容され得る共結晶または共結晶塩であってもよい。ここで、共結晶または共結晶塩とは、各々が異なる物理的特性(例えば、構造、融点、融解熱、吸湿性、溶解性および安定性等)を持つ、室温で二種またはそれ以上の独特な固体から構成される結晶性物質を意味する。共結晶または共結晶塩は、自体公知の共結晶化法に従い製造することができる。
本明細書中、融点は、例えば、微量融点測定器(ヤナコ、MP−500D型またはBuchi、B−545型)またはDSC(示差走査熱量分析)装置(SEIKO、EXSTAR6000)等を用いて測定される融点を意味する。
一般に、融点は、測定機器、測定条件等によって変動する場合がある。本明細書中の結晶は、通常の誤差範囲内であれば、本明細書に記載の融点と異なる値を示す結晶であってもよい。
本発明の結晶は、物理化学的性質(例、融点、溶解度、安定性)および生物学的性質(例、体内動態(吸収性、分布、代謝、排泄)、薬効発現)に優れ、医薬として極めて有用である。
化合物(I)は、溶媒和物(例、水和物等)であっても、無溶媒和物(例、非水和物等)であってもよく、いずれも化合物(I)に包含される。
同位元素(例、3H,13C,14C,18F,35S,25I等)等で標識された化合物も、化合物(I)に包含される。
1Hを2H(D)に変換した重水素変換体も、化合物(I)に包含される。
同位元素で標識または置換された化合物(I)は、例えば、陽電子断層法(Positron Emission Tomography:PET)において使用するトレーサー(PETトレーサー)として用いることができ、医療診断などの分野において有用である。
本発明化合物は、エンテロペプチダーゼに起因する病態または疾患の予防・治療剤として有用である。
また本発明化合物は、経口吸収性が低く、代謝安定性に優れている。
代謝症候群の判定基準が、1999年にWHOから、2001年にNCEPから発表されている。WHOの判定基準によれば、高インスリン血症または耐糖能異常を基本条件に、内臓肥満、異常脂質血症(高TGまたは低HDL)、高血圧のうち2つ以上を持つ場合に代謝症候群と診断される(World Health Organization: Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Part I: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999)。米国の虚血性心疾患の管理指標であるNational Cholesterol Education Program のAdult Treatment Panel IIIの判定基準によれば、内臓肥満、高中性脂肪血症、低HDLコレステロール血症、高血圧、耐糖能異常のうち3つ以上を持つ場合に代謝症候群と診断される(National Cholesterol Education Program: Executive Summary of the Third Report of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adults Treatment Panel III). The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 285, 2486-2497, 2001)。
着色剤としては、例えば、水溶性食用タール色素(例:食用赤色2号および3号、食用黄色4号および5号、食用青色1号および2号などの食用色素)、水不溶性レーキ色素(例:前記水溶性食用タール色素のアルミニウム塩)、天然色素(例:β−カロチン、クロロフィル、ベンガラ)などが挙げられる。
甘味剤としては、例えば、サッカリンナトリウム、グリチルリチン酸二カリウム、アスパルテーム、ステビアなどが挙げられる。
(1)本発明化合物または併用薬物を単独で投与する場合に比べて、その投与量を軽減することができる、
(2)本発明化合物と作用機序が異なる併用薬物を選択することにより、治療期間を長く設定することができる、
(3)本発明化合物と作用機序が異なる併用薬物を選択することにより、治療効果の持続を図ることができる、
(4)本発明化合物と併用薬物とを併用することにより、相乗効果が得られる、などの優れた効果を得ることができる。
以下の実施例中の「室温」は通常約 10 ℃ないし約 35 ℃を示す。混合溶媒において示した比は、特に断らない限り容量比を示す。%は、特に断らない限り重量%を示す。
シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにおいて、NHと記載した場合は、アミノプロピルシラン結合シリカゲルを用いた。HPLC (高速液体クロマトグラフィー) において、C18と記載した場合は、オクタデシル結合シリカゲルを用いた。溶出溶媒の比は、特に断らない限り容量比を示す。
以下の実施例においては下記の略号を使用する。
mp: 融点
MS :マススペクトル
[M+H]+、[M+Na]+ 、[M-H]-:分子イオンピーク
M:モル濃度
N:規定
CDCl3:重クロロホルム
DMSO-d6:重ジメチルスルホキシド
1H NMR:プロトン核磁気共鳴
LC/MS : 液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計
ESI : ElectroSpray Ionization、エレクトロスプレーイオン化
APCI : Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization、大気圧化学イオン化
THF :テトラヒドロフラン
DME :1,2-ジメトキシエタン
DMF :N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド
DMA :N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド
NMP :1-メチル-2-ピロリドン
HOBt :1-ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール
WSC :1-エチル-3-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド
TFA :トリフルオロ酢酸
1H NMRはフーリエ変換型NMRで測定した。解析にはACD/SpecManager (商品名) などを用いた。水酸基やアミノ基などのプロトンが非常に緩やかなピークについては記載していない。
MSは、LC/MSにより測定した。イオン化法としては、ESI法、または、APCI法を用いた。データは実測値 (found) を記載した。通常、分子イオンピークが観測されるが、tert-ブトキシカルボニル基 を有する化合物の場合、フラグメントイオンとして、tert-ブトキシカルボニル基あるいはtert-ブチル基が脱離したピークが観測されることもある。また、水酸基を有する化合物の場合、フラグメントイオンとして、H2Oが脱離したピークが観測されることもある。塩の場合は、通常、フリー体の分子イオンピークもしくはフラグメントイオンピークが観測される。
元素分析値 (Anal.) は、計算値 (Calcd) と実測値 (Found) を記載した。
N-(((3S)-6-((4-カルバムイミドアミドベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロ-1-ベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセチル)-L-アスパラギン酸
A) (S)-2-(6-ヒドロキシ-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)酢酸
(S)-メチル 2-(6-ヒドロキシ-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセタート (180 g) のメタノール (360 mL) 溶液に2 M 水酸化ナトリウム水溶液 (1081 mL) を5 ℃で30分かけて加え(内温10 ℃以下)、室温で1時間撹拌した。反応混合物に1 M 塩酸 (2354 mL) を5 ℃で加え、酢酸エチル (900 mL x 2) で抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水 (140 mL) で洗浄した後、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。溶媒を減圧下留去して、標題化合物 (166 g) を得た。
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 2.39-2.53 (1H, m), 2.66 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 5.6 Hz), 3.55-3.68 (1H, m), 4.14 (1H, dd, J = 9.0, 6.8 Hz), 4.64 (1H, dd, J = 9.0 Hz), 6.15 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 6.23 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 2.2 Hz), 6.97 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 0.8 Hz), 9.28 (1H, brs), 12.26 (1H, brs).
(S)-2-(6-ヒドロキシ-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)酢酸 (127.5 g) 、(S)-ジベンジル 2-アミノスクシナート塩酸塩 (253 g) 、ジイソプピルエチルアミン (286 mL)およびDMF(650 mL)の混合物にHOBt・H2O (111 g) およびWSC塩酸塩 (138 g) を0 ℃で加え、室温で4.5時間撹拌した。反応混合物に1 M 塩酸 (1275 mL) を加え、室温で30分撹拌した。沈殿物をろ取した後、水で洗浄して標題化合物 (308 g) を得た。
MS: [M+H]+ 490.2.
(S)-ジベンジル 2-(2-((S)-6-ヒドロキシ-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)スクシナート (96.6 g) のピリジン (500 mL) 溶液に4-ニトロベンゾイルクロリド (110 g) を加え、室温で30分撹拌した。反応混合物に1 M 塩酸(1500 mL)を加え、酢酸エチル(4000 mL)で抽出した。抽出液を1 M 塩酸(1500 mL)、アンモニア水(28% アンモニア水(20 mL)と水(1000 mL)の混合液)で2回、1M 塩酸(1500 mL)および飽和食塩水(200 mL)で洗浄した後、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、溶媒を減圧下留去した。残渣をtert-ブチルメチルエーテルで洗浄して標題化合物 (116 g) を得た。
MS: [M+H]+ 639.3.
(S)-ジベンジル 2-(2-((S)-6-((4-ニトロベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)スクシナート (90 g) のTHF (900 mL) 溶液に10%パラジウム炭素 (9 g) を加え、水素雰囲気下、室温で3時間撹拌した。同様にして(S)-ジベンジル 2-(2-((S)-6-((4-ニトロベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)スクシナート(90 gおよび88.4 g)を反応させた。それぞれ不溶物をろ過後、得られたろ液を減圧下濃縮することで標題化合物を粗生成物として得た。
MS: [M+H]+ 429.2.
上記の方法で得られた粗生成物である(S)-2-(2-((S)-6-((4-アミノベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)コハク酸 (7.31 g)、シアナミド (2.153 g) およびtert-ブタノール (150 mL) の溶液に4 M 塩化水素/シクロペンチルメチルエーテル (12.8 mL) を室温で加え、60 ℃で4時間撹拌した。反応混合物に水 (150 mL) および酢酸アンモニウム (3.95 g) の水溶液(50 mL) を室温で加え、同温度で30分撹拌した。得られた沈殿物をろ取して、アセトニトリル/水 (5:1) および酢酸エチルで洗浄して標題化合物(6.81 g)を粗生成物として得た。
上記の方法で得られた粗生成物のうちの500 mgと1 M 塩酸/アセトニトリル (25 mL, 20:80)の 混合物に室温でダイヤイオン HP-20 (商品名) (1.5 g) を加え、同温度で30分撹拌した。不溶物をろ過後、20%水/アセトニトリル (50 mL)で洗浄し、得られたろ液を減圧下アセトニトリルを留去した。残渣を酢酸アンモニウムで中和し、得られた沈殿物をろ取し、水およびアセトニトリルで洗浄して標題化合物 (420 mg) を粗結晶として得た。得られた粗結晶(400 mg) の10%水/酢酸 (5 mL) の混合物に2-ブタノン (5 mL) を50 ℃で加え、同温度で30分撹拌した後に室温で1時間撹拌した。得られた沈殿物をろ取して、2-ブタノン/水 (1:1) で洗浄して標題化合物(360 mg)を得た。
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 2.17-2.81 (4H, m), 3.75-3.87 (1H, m), 4.21-4.34 (2H, m), 4.71 (1H, t, J = 9.1 Hz), 6.68 (2H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.30-7.41 (3H, m), 7.81 (4H, brs), 7.96 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 8.10 (2H, d, J = 8.7 Hz).
N-(((3R)-6-((4-カルバムイミドアミドベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロ-1-ベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセチル)-L-アスパラギン酸
A) (S)-ジ-tert-ブチル 2-(2-((R)-6-ヒドロキシ-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)スクシナート
(R)-メチル 2-(6-ヒドロキシ-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセタート (2.55 g) 、メタノール (25 mL) およびTHF (25 mL) の混合物に氷冷下1M 水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(25 mL)を加え、室温で3時間撹拌した。反応混合物に1 M 塩酸 (50 mL) を氷冷下で加え、酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を水および飽和食塩水で洗浄した後、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。溶媒を減圧下留去して、固体物質を得た。得られた固体物質のDMF (100 mL) 混合物に氷冷下、(S)-ジ-tert-ブチル 2-アミノスクシナート塩酸塩(5.18 g)、ジイソプピルエチルアミン (6.42 mL)、WSC塩酸塩(3.52 g)、およびHOBt・H2O (2.81 g)を加え、室温で3日間撹拌した。反応混合物に飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液を加え、酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を1 M塩酸、水、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液および飽和食塩水で洗浄した後、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、溶媒を減圧下留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (酢酸エチル/ヘキサン) で精製して標題化合物 (5.087 g) を得た。
MS: [M-H]- 420.1.
(S)-ジ-tert-ブチル 2-(2-((R)-6-ヒドロキシ-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)スクシナート (3.31 g) 、ピリジン (4 mL) およびNMP (4 mL) の混合物に4-グアニジノベンゾイルクロリド塩酸塩 (3.68 g) を50 ℃で加え、同温度で終夜撹拌した。反応混合物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (NH、酢酸エチル/ヘキサン、次いでメタノール/酢酸エチル) で精製して標題化合物 (2.566 g) を得た。
MS: [M+H]+ 583.3.
(S)-ジ-tert-ブチル 2-(2-((R)-6-((4-グアニジノベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)スクシナート (2.566 g) を氷冷下TFA (50 mL) に溶かし、室温で1時間撹拌した。反応混合物を減圧濃縮し、残渣とアセトニトリル (10 mL) の混合物にジイソプロピルエーテル (100 mL) を加えた。沈殿物をろ取した後、アセトニトリル/ジイソプロピルエーテル (1:10) で洗浄して標題化合物 (2.435 g) を得た。
MS: [M+H]+ 471.2.
N-(((3R)-6-((4-カルバムイミドアミドベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロ-1-ベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセチル)-L-アスパラギン酸 トリフルオロ酢酸塩 (2.897 g) 、アセトニトリル (15 mL) および水 (75 mL) の混合物を室温で終夜撹拌した。沈殿物をろ取した後、アセトニトリル/水(1:10)で洗浄して、60℃で減圧乾燥して標題化合物 (2.123 g) を得た。
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 2.23-2.78 (4H, m), 3.71-3.88 (1H, m), 4.30 (2H, dd, J = 9.0, 6.6 Hz), 4.69 (1H, t, J = 9.1 Hz), 6.65-6.74 (2H, m), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.40 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.70 (4H, brs), 7.99 (1H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 8.13 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz).
N-((6-((4-カルバムイミドアミドベンゾイル)オキシ)-4-メチル-2,3-ジヒドロ-1-ベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセチル)-L-アスパラギン酸
A) 2-(6-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)酢酸
2-(6-ヒドロキシ-4-メチルベンゾフラン-3-イル)酢酸(200 mg)のメタノール(3 mL)溶液に10%パラジウム炭素(40 mg)を加え、水素雰囲気下、室温で24時間撹拌した。不溶物をろ過後、得られたろ液を減圧下濃縮し、標題化合物(207 mg)を得た。
MS: [M-H]- 207.0.
2-(6-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)酢酸 (202 mg)のDMF (3 mL) の混合物に(S)-ジ-tert-ブチル 2-アミノスクシナート塩酸塩(357 mg)、WSC塩酸塩 (279 mg) 、HOBt・H2O (223 mg) およびジイソプピルエチルアミン (0.508 mL)を室温で加え、同温度で終夜撹拌した。反応混合物を水で希釈し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を1 M塩酸および飽和食塩水で洗浄した後、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、溶媒を減圧下留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (酢酸エチル/ヘキサン) で精製して標題化合物 (322 mg) を得た。
MS: [M+Na]+ 458.2.
(2S)-ジ-tert-ブチル 2-(2-(6-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)スクシナート (120 mg) 、ピリジン (0.15 mL) およびNMP (0.15 mL) の混合物に4-グアニジノベンゾイルクロリド塩酸塩 (129 mg) を2回に分けて50 ℃で加え、同温度で終夜撹拌した。反応混合物を減圧濃縮し、残渣をHPLC (C18、移動相:水/アセトニトリル (0.1% TFA含有系)) にて分取した。得られた画分から減圧下溶媒を留去して標題化合物 (87 mg) を得た。
MS: [M+H]+ 597.1.
(2S)-ジ-tert-ブチル 2-(2-(6-((4-グアニジノベンゾイル)オキシ)-4-メチル-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)スクシナート トリフルオロ酢酸塩 (87 mg) とTFA (0.5 mL) の混合物を室温で1時間撹拌した。反応混合物を減圧濃縮し、残渣をHPLC (C18、移動相:水/アセトニトリル (0.1% TFA含有系)) にて分取し、得られた画分から減圧下溶媒を留去した。残渣に酢酸アンモニウム (18.9 mg) の水溶液 (2 mL) を滴下し、室温で1時間撹拌した。得られた沈殿物をろ取して標題化合物 (26.0 mg) を得た。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 2.14-2.23 (1H, m), 2.27 (3H, s), 2.32-2.46 (3H, m), 3.67-3.79 (1H, m), 4.04-4.14 (1H, m), 4.17-4.36 (1H, m), 4.53-4.66 (1H, m), 6.55 (1H, s), 6.58 (1H, s), 7.26-7.41 (2H, m), 7.41-8.09 (5H, m), 8.09-8.21 (2H, m).
N-((6-((4-カルバムイミドアミドベンゾイル)オキシ)-4-フルオロ-2,3-ジヒドロ-1-ベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセチル)-L-アスパラギン酸
A) 2-(4-フルオロ-6-ヒドロキシ-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)酢酸
メチル 2-(4-フルオロ-6-ヒドロキシ-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセタート(254 mg) 、1 M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液 (4.5 mL) およびメタノール(3 mL) の混合物を室温で3時間撹拌した。反応混合物に1 M塩酸 (4.5 mL) を加え、酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄した後、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、溶媒を減圧下留去して標題化合物 (224 mg) を得た。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 2.45-2.55 (1H, m), 2.71 (1H, dd, J = 16.6, 4.0 Hz), 3.75-3.87 (1H, m), 4.27 (1H, dd, J = 9.0, 6.3 Hz), 4.69 (1H, t, J = 9.0 Hz), 6.00-6.06 (2H, m), 9.76 (1H, s), 12.35 (1H, brs).
2-(4-フルオロ-6-ヒドロキシ-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)酢酸 (224 mg) のDMF (3 mL) の混合物に(S)-ジ-tert-ブチル 2-アミノスクシナート塩酸塩 (446 mg)、WSC塩酸塩(304 mg) 、HOBt・H2O (243mg) およびジイソプピルエチルアミン (0.553 mL)を室温で加え、同温度で終夜撹拌した。反応混合物を水で希釈し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を1 M塩酸および飽和食塩水で洗浄した後、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、溶媒を減圧下留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (酢酸エチル/ヘキサン) で精製して標題化合物 (281 mg) を得た。
MS: [M+Na]+ 462.2.
(2S)-ジ-tert-ブチル 2-(2-(4-フルオロ-6-ヒドロキシ-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)スクシナート (125 mg) 、ピリジン (0.2 mL) およびNMP (0.2 mL) の混合物に4-グアニジノベンゾイルクロリド塩酸塩 (133 mg) を2回に分けて50 ℃で加え、同温度で終夜撹拌した。反応混合物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (NH、酢酸エチル/ヘキサン、次いでメタノール/酢酸エチル) で精製して標題化合物 (136 mg) を得た。
MS: [M+H]+ 601.3.
(2S)-ジ-tert-ブチル 2-(2-(4-フルオロ-6-((4-グアニジノベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)スクシナート (135 mg) とTFA (1.0 mL) の混合物を室温で1時間撹拌した。反応混合物を減圧濃縮し、残渣をHPLC (C18、移動相:水/アセトニトリル (0.1% TFA含有系)) にて分取し、得られた画分から減圧下溶媒を留去した。残渣に酢酸アンモニウム (34.7 mg) の水溶液 (3 mL) を滴下し、室温で1時間撹拌した。得られた沈殿物をろ取して標題化合物 (62.5 mg) を得た。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 2.29-2.36 (1H, m), 2.42-2.47 (1H, m), 2.53-2.59 (1H, m), 2.65-2.79 (1H, m), 3.95 (1H, brs), 4.17-4.30 (1H, m), 4.36-4.49 (1H, m), 4.73 (1H, q, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.63 (1H, s), 6.69 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.38 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.43-7.93 (4H, m), 7.94-8.04 (1H, m), 8.11 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz).
N-(((3S)-6-((4-カルバムイミドアミドベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロ-1-ベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセチル)-L-アスパラギン酸 水和物
A) (S)-2-(2-((S)-6-((4-アミノベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)コハク酸
(S)-ジベンジル 2-(2-((S)-6-((4-ニトロベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)スクシナート (85 g) のTHF (850 mL) 溶液に10%パラジウム炭素 (8.5 g、約50%含水品) を加え、水素雰囲気下、室温で2.5時間撹拌した。同様にして(S)-ジベンジル 2-(2-((S)-6-((4-ニトロベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)スクシナート(85 g)を4.5時間反応させた。それぞれ不溶物をろ過で取り除いた後、得られたろ液を減圧下濃縮することで標題化合物を粗生成物として得た。
MS: [M+H]+ 429.2.
上記の方法で得られた粗生成物である(S)-2-(2-((S)-6-((4-アミノベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセトアミド)コハク酸 (114 g)、シアナミド (33.6 g) およびtert-ブタノール (1100 mL) の混合物に4 M 塩化水素/シクロペンチルメチルエーテル (200 mL) を室温で加え、60 ℃で2時間撹拌した。反応混合物に水 (1100 mL) 次いでトルエン(1100 mL)を室温で加え(内温30 ℃以下)、10分撹拌した後に、有機層を水(1100 mL)で抽出した。合わせた水層に酢酸アンモニウム(61.5 g)の水溶液(500 mL)を室温で加え、同温度で1時間撹拌した。析出した固体をろ取し、水およびアセトニトリルで洗浄して、標題化合物(120.5 g)を粗生成物として得た。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ2.29-2.37 (1H, m), 2.40-2.47 (1H, m), 2.52-2.58 (1H, m), 2.66 (1H, dd, J = 14.4, 6.6 Hz), 3.81 (1H, quin, J = 7.6 Hz), 4.21-4.32 (2H, m), 4.71 (1H, t, J = 9.2 Hz), 6.63-6.70 (2H, m), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.38 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.68 (4H, brs), 7.94 (1H, d, J = 7.1 Hz), 8.11 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz).
Anal. Calcd for C22H22N4O8・0.4H2O: C, 55.32; H, 4.81; N, 11.73. Found: C, 55.36; H, 4.73; N,11.69.
MS: [M+H]+ 471.2.
光学純度: >99 % ee., >99% de.
下記光学分析条件にて保持時間の最も小さいもの
カラム: CHIROBIOTIC R (商品名) 4.6mmID×250mmL
移動相: 水/アセトニトリル/トリチルアミン/酢酸 = 900/100/0.3/0.3 (v/v/v/v)
粉末X線回折装置 Ultima IV(Rigaku)を用いて測定した粉末X線回折の格子面間隔(d)データ
19.36 ± 0.5, 6.47 ± 0.1, 5.67 ± 0.1, 5.00 ± 0.1, 4.90 ± 0.1, 4.39 ± 0.1, 4.26 ± 0.1, 4.04 ± 0.1, 3.97 ± 0.1, 3.90 ± 0.1, 3.70 ± 0.1, 3.50 ± 0.1 and 3.12 ± 0.1 オングストローム.
ヒトリコンビナントエンテロペプチダーゼ (#REN-260、ITSI-Biosciences社)をアッセイバッファー(50 mM Tricine pH 8.0、0.01(w/v)% Tween20、10 mM CaCl2)で希釈して24 mU/mL酵素溶液を調製した。次いで、
自体公知の合成法に従って製造した、5FAM-Abu-Gly-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys-Ile-Val-Gly-Gly-Lys(CPQ2)-Lys-Lys-NH2(純度97.2%、CPC Scientific社)をアッセイバッファーで希釈し、2.1 μM基質溶液を調製した。試験化合物はDMSOに溶解して1 mM溶液とした後、アッセイバッファーで100倍希釈し、化合物溶液とした。384ウェルブラックプレート(#784076、Greiner社)に5 μLの化合物溶液および5 μLの基質溶液を添加し混和した後、酵素溶液を5 μL添加し、混和して反応を開始した。蛍光プレートリーダーEnVision(Perkin Elmer社)を用いて、励起波長485 nm、蛍光波長535 nmの蛍光強度を測定した。また、試験化合物を添加しないことを除いて、上記と同様の反応を行った(試験化合物非添加群)。さらに、試験化合物を添加しないおよび酵素を添加しないことを除いて、上記と同様の反応を行った(コントロール群)。阻害率の算出には、反応開始2時間後の蛍光強度を用い、下記の式より算出した。
阻害率(%)=(1−(試験化合物添加群の蛍光強度−コントロール群の蛍光強度)÷(試験化合物非添加群の蛍光強度−コントロール群の蛍光強度))×100
結果を表2に示す。
High fat diet-fed(HFD-fed)マウス(D12079B食、雄性、18週齢)に、試験化合物(10 mg/kg)を含む0.5%メチルセルロース懸濁液(試験化合物投与群、1群5匹)または0.5%メチルセルロース懸濁液(試験化合物非投与群(vehicle)、1群5匹)を経口投与し、投与1日目の全糞を回収した。乾燥糞を0.5規定 水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に溶解し、12,000rpmで遠心後の上清を用いて蛋白濃度を定量し(Lowry法)、糞1g中に含まれる糞中蛋白濃度(mg/g feces)として算出した。各群の平均値と標準偏差を以下に示す。
Diet-induced obesity (DIO)マウス(D12079B食、雄性、46週齢)に、試験化合物(20, 60 mg/kg)を含む0.5%メチルセルロース懸濁液(試験化合物投与群、1群5または6匹)または0.5%メチルセルロース懸濁液(試験化合物非投与群(vehicle)、1群6匹)を1日1回、4週間経口投与した。以下に、投与開始時と4週間連投後の体重の平均値と標準偏差を示す。
雄性ob/obマウス(6週齢)を用い、1群5匹の2群を準備し、対照とする1群に化合物を含有しない飼料を、化合物処置を実施する群に0.03%の濃度で化合物を含有する飼料を2週間給餌した。2週間後に尾静脈より採血を実施し、化合物処置による糖尿病改善作用を評価した。血糖値は7180形日立自動分析装置(日立(株))を、糖化
ヘモグロビン値は東ソー自動グリコヘモグロビン分析装置HLC-723G8(東ソー(株))を用いて測定した。
1)実施例1の化合物 30 mg
2)微粉末セルロース 10 mg
3)乳糖 19 mg
4)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1 mg
計 60 mg
1)、2)、3)および4)を混合して、ゼラチンカプセルに充填する。
1)実施例1の化合物 30 g
2)乳糖 50 g
3)トウモロコシデンプン 15 g
4)カルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム 44 g
5)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1 g
1000錠 計 140 g
1)、2)、3)の全量および30gの4)を水で練合し、真空乾燥後、整粒を行う。この整粒末に14gの4)および1gの5)を混合し、打錠機により打錠する。このようにして、1錠あたり実施例1の化合物30mgを含有する錠剤1000錠を得る。
Claims (5)
- N-(((3S)-6-((4-カルバムイミドアミドベンゾイル)オキシ)-2,3-ジヒドロ-1-ベンゾフラン-3-イル)アセチル)-L-アスパラギン酸またはその塩。
- 請求項1記載の化合物またはその塩を含有する医薬。
- エンテロペプチダーゼ阻害剤である請求項2記載の医薬。
- 肥満症の予防・治療剤である請求項2記載の医薬。
- 糖尿病の予防・治療剤である請求項2記載の医薬。
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