JP6357467B2 - 標的化された/免疫調節性融合タンパク質およびそれを作製するための方法 - Google Patents
標的化された/免疫調節性融合タンパク質およびそれを作製するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2012年4月30日に出願されたインド特許出願第1689/CHE/2012号および2012年4月30日に出願されたインド特許出願第1690/CHE/2012号の優先権を主張し、その両方の特許出願の内容は、全ての目的のために参照により本明細書に組み入れられている。
[003] 本発明は、一般的に、癌治療に用いられる融合タンパク質を作製する分野、より具体的には、その融合タンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列に関し、その融合またはキメラポリペプチドは、少なくとも1つの標的化部分、および癌細胞の免疫寛容に対抗する少なくとも1つの免疫調節性部分を含む。
[005] 免疫系は、ヒト身体に、異物として、または潜在的に有害であるとして認識された微生物および物質を認識し、かつそれらから防御する手段を提供する。モノクローナル抗体での癌の受動免疫治療、および腫瘍細胞を攻撃するT細胞の受動伝達は、臨床効果を示しているが、これらの免疫エフェクターを誘導し、かつ腫瘍細胞に対する免疫記憶を確立する積極的な治療ワクチン接種の目標は、まだ達成されないままである。いくつかの腫瘍特異的抗原および腫瘍関連抗原が同定されているが、まだこれらの抗原は一般的に免疫原性が弱く、腫瘍は、免疫性攻撃を逃れることを可能にする免疫寛容誘発性環境を生み出す多様な機構を用いる。そのような免疫寛容を克服するストラテジー、ならびに頑強なレベルの抗体および/またはT細胞応答を活性化することが、効果的な癌免疫治療の鍵を握っている。より重要なことには、個々のタンパク質、および活性三次構造を有する活性キメラポリペプチドを作製する方法が探索される必要がある。
a.配列番号12〜28から選択される、少なくとも1つの標的化部分および少なくとも1つの免疫調節性部分をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む少なくとも1つの組換えベクターを提供する工程と、
b.該ヌクレオチド配列が、対象において治療的有効量のコードされた融合タンパク質を産生するレベルで発現するような条件下で、組換えベクターを対象に投与する工程と
を含む、方法を提供する。
a.キメラ融合タンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を宿主細胞にトランスフェクトして、形質転換された宿主細胞を産生する工程であって、そのポリヌクレオチド配列が、配列番号12〜28から選択される、少なくとも1つの標的化部分および少なくとも1つの免疫調節性部分をコードする、工程と、
b.そのペプチドの発現に十分な生物学的条件下で、形質転換された宿主細胞を維持する工程と
を含む、方法を企図する。
a.該融合タンパク質のコドン最適化配列を調製する工程と
b.一過性または持続的発現の能力がある宿主細胞において該融合タンパク質の最適化配列をクローニングする工程と、
c.培地中で成長させるのに適切な条件下で宿主細胞を成長させ、その宿主細胞がクローン化タンパク質を発現することを可能にする工程と、
d.発現したタンパク質を精製に供し、任意に、そのタンパク質のその標的への二重特異性(bi-specificity)結合能力を調べる工程と
を含む、方法を提供する。
[00102] 他の規定がない限り、本明細書で用いられる全ての技術的および科学的用語は、本発明が属する分野における通常の技能を有する者によって一般的に理解された意味をもつ。本明細書で用いられる用語法は、特定の実施形態のみを記載することを目的とし、本発明を限定することを意図するものではない。本発明の説明および添付された特許請求の範囲に用いられる場合、単数形「1つの(a)」、「1つの(an)」、および「その(the)」は、文脈が明らかに別な意図で示していない限り、複数形もまた含むことを意図される。以下の用語は下記に示された意味をもつ:
a.抗体依存性細胞傷害性(ADCC)の増強を介して腫瘍細胞の死を促進すること;および
b.制御性T細胞および骨髄系サプレッサー細胞によって媒介される免疫抑制を無効にすることにより抗腫瘍CD8+ T細胞の活性化および増殖を増加させること。これらの抗腫瘍免疫応答は、腫瘍細胞の免疫エフェクター媒介性細胞傷害性に対する感受性と並行して活性化され、それにより、腫瘍細胞切除(cytoreduction)を増強し、かつ適応抗腫瘍免疫を強化するポジティブフィードバックループを確立し得る。
[00145] 免疫調節物質(サプレッサーかまたはアクチベーターのいずれか)リガンドに連結されたIgG重鎖を含む融合タンパク質を、CHO細胞の発現のためにコドン最適化遺伝子により発現させた。配列番号12〜28により定義されたコドン最適化ヌクレオチド配列が、(CHO)細胞において発現し、発現したキメラ/融合タンパク質は表1に示されている。
[00148] プロテインA/SECクロマトグラフィー。抗HER2/neu−TGFβRIIおよび抗EGFR1−TGFβRII試料を、プロテインA/SECクロマトグラフィーにより分析し、その結果は図23に示されている。図23Aは、TGFβRII領域に存在する3つの追加のN−グリコシル化部位があるので、Bmab200(ハーセプチン)の溶出の鋭いピーク対より幅広い溶出ピークが、グリコシル化の存在による不均一性の度合いであると考えられることを示す。注目すべきことには、−80Cでの保存が、凝集を引き起こさなかった。SECカラムにおける初期でのピークの位置または出現のシフトは、分子量の増加が融合パートナーによることを示している。これにより、完全長分子が発現しつつあることが再度、確認される。図23Bは、Bmab200(ハーセプチン)の溶出の鋭いピーク対より幅広い溶出ピークを示し、TGFβRII領域に存在する3つの追加のN−グリコシル化部位があるので、グリコシル化部位の存在による不均一性の度合いであると考えられる。この場合もやはり、−80Cでの保存が、凝集を引き起こさなかった。SECカラムにおける初期でのピークの位置または出現のシフトは、分子量の増加が融合パートナーによることを示している。これにより、完全長分子が発現しつつあることが、再度確認される。
[00150] 融合タンパク質についての機能アッセイ。抗HER2/neu−TGFβRIIおよび抗EGFR1−TGFβRIIのTGFβへの結合能力を調べるためにELISA実験を行った。図24Aは、抗HER2/neu−TGFβRII分子および抗EGFR1−TGFβRII分子がTGFβに結合することを示し、その融合タンパク質が機能しうることを表している。図24Bは、抗HER2−TGFβRIIが、Bmab200(ハーセプチン)と同様に、BT474細胞株の増殖を阻害することを示している。図25は、抗EGFR1−TGFβRIIが、セツキシマブと同様に、A431細胞株の増殖を阻害することを示している。
[00152] 抗HER2/neu−TGFβRII融合タンパク質についての抗体依存性細胞傷害性ADCC活性を導き、そのタンパク質が、細胞上の標的受容体に結合することを決定した。結果は図26に示されており、活性がBT474細胞において決定され、BT474細胞における抗HER2−TGFβRIIのADCC活性(細胞の%溶解)が、Bmab200(ハーセプチン)のそれと類似していることが明らかである。図27は、A431細胞における抗EGFR1−TGFβRIIのADCC活性を示し、そのADCC活性は、セツキシマブのそれと類似している。図28は、抗EGFR1−TGFβRIIおよびセツキシマブと比較した、抗EGFR1−4−1BBのADCC活性を示す。
[00154] 発現したタンパク質の結合活性。このアッセイの目的は、用量依存的様式で細胞上の標的受容体に結合する、融合タンパク質の機能性を試験することである。図29Aは、抗CTLA4−TGFβRIIのTGFβ1への結合活性が、抗EGFR1−TGFβRIIと同程度であることを示し、Bは、抗CTLA4−TGFβRIIのCTLA4への結合活性を示す。図30Aは、PD1−Fc結合のレベルを決定するための抗CTLA4−TGFβRIIの結合活性を示し、Bは、4−1BBLの結合を決定するための抗EGFR1−4−1BBの結合活性を示す。図31Aは、抗EGFR1−4−1BBのEGFRへの結合活性を示し、Bは、PDL1−Fcを見出すためのPD1−Fc−4−1BBの結合活性を示す。図32は、抗EGFR1−PD1のEGFRおよびPD1への結合活性を示す。
[00156] 分子の一次構造の確認。図33に示されているように、発現したタンパク質は、分子量およびグリコシル化の存在を決定するために評価される。試料を、還元性および非還元性SDS PAGEによって分析した。抗体の重鎖および軽鎖は、還元アルキル化によって分離され、その結果、還元された構造を評価することができる。融合タンパク質のトリプシン消化により、一次配列の同定がもたらされる。タンパク質のMS/MS分析を実施する。
[00160] 図1および2に記載されているようなアミノ酸配列を有する融合タンパク質を、UVクロマトグラフィーを用い、かつ融合タンパク質のトリプシン消化物のクロマトグラフィー的分離から生じたクロマトグラムを作成して、点検し、UV218〜222nm波長で試験した。UVトレースに対応する総イオン電流(TIC)もまた評価した。図38Aは、抗HER2/neu−TGFβRII ECD融合タンパク質のトリプシンペプチドのUVクロマトグラムを示し、Bは、抗HER2/neu−TGFβRII ECD融合タンパク質のトリプシンペプチドの総イオンクロマトグラム(TIC)を示す。図39、40、および41は、抗HER2/neu−TGFβRII ECD融合タンパク質の軽鎖、重鎖、および連結モチーフの予想される/観察されたトリプシンペプチドのリストをそれぞれ、提供する。注目すべきことには、軽鎖ペプチドおよび重鎖ペプチドおよび連結モチーフ(TGF βRII)のペプチドを含む、その分子の予想されるペプチド全てが、同定された。
[00163] 組換え融合タンパク質発現に用いられる宿主細胞株は、CHO細胞、またはCHO細胞の派生物である。本明細書で言及されるCHO細胞は、freedom CHO−S細胞(CHO−S細胞は、高レベルの分泌型組換えタンパク質を産生する能力がある、既知組成培地(chemically defined media)中、高密度で無血清の懸濁培養に適応したCHO派生細胞である)かまたはCHO K1細胞(ATCC番号CCL−61と同じである)のいずれかである。それは基本的に接着性細胞株である。安定細胞株に用いられるベクター:
[00168] 細胞培養を、フェッドバッチ培養様式で実施する。細胞培養において、用いられる哺乳動物宿主細胞はチャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞であり、培地は最初に供給される。CHO細胞を、抗体−ペプチド融合タンパク質を産生するように遺伝子操作する。硫酸亜鉛七水和物塩を0.4mMの濃度で培地中に加える。対照的に、対照培地において、いかなる亜鉛塩の添加もない。産生発酵実行を、37±1℃、0.3〜0.45×106細胞/mlの最初の細胞数で開始し、バッチ相において、最初の3〜4日間を、細胞を成長させることに費やす。次の工程は、温度を31±1℃へ低下させ、7日目までその実行を継続することを含む。ラクテートは、その実行を通して、約10〜40%、低下する。その後、産生された融合タンパク質を、アフィニティークロマトグラフィーの技術を用いて、培地から収集する。
[00170] 細胞培養を、フェッドバッチ培養様式で実施する。細胞培養において、哺乳動物宿主細胞、およびHyclone CDM4Mabである培地を最初に供給する。塩(亜鉛)もまた培地に加える(0.3mM)。産生発酵実行を、37±1℃、0.3〜0.45×106細胞/mlの最初の細胞数で開始し、バッチ相において、最初の3〜4日間を、細胞を成長させることに費やす。次の工程は、温度を31+1−1℃へ低下させ、7日目までその実行を継続することを含む。
[00172] プロテインAカラムを用いる、抗体−ペプチド融合免疫刺激性分子の精製。融合モノクローナル抗体を含有する組換えCHO細胞株から分泌された上清培養物を、無菌条件下で力価および内毒素について試験する。上清を、Mab Select XtraプロテインAアフィニティー樹脂を用いるアフィニティークロマトグラフィーに供し、洗浄し、結合緩衝液で平衡化する。上清のpHを、カラムと同じpHへ、0.5Mリン酸塩を用いて調整する;上清を、0.5ml/分の流速で、カラムに結合させ/カラムを通過させ、最大結合を達成させる。全ての抗体−タンパク質融合分子はFc領域を通して結合するが、不純物は、通過画分として排除される。カラムを平衡緩衝液で洗浄し、結合した融合分子を、pH3.0での0.1Mグリシンを用いて溶出させる。溶出したタンパク質のpHを、中性pHまたは安定な製剤pHに調整し、精製されたタンパク質を、−20℃または2〜8℃で保存する。
[00174] トラスツズマブとトラスツズマブ−TGF βRII受容体融合分子の差異の認識
[00175] ErbB2受容体を過剰発現する乳癌腫瘍は、恒常的活性化かまたは受容体のErbBファミリーの他のメンバーとのヘテロ二量体化のいずれかにより、腫瘍進行に至る。これは、ErbBシグナル伝達経路と関連した成長因子の結合を含む。これに加えて、その腫瘍は、抑えられた免疫応答に関与するTGF βおよび特定のサイトカインを活性化することにより免疫系が抑制される環境を生み出す。トラスツズマブ(抗ErbB2)が融合タンパク質としてTGF βRII受容体と融合している新規な分子が作製される。トラスツズマブが、ErbB2過剰発現乳癌細胞へ誘導される標的化された分子として働くことが仮定される一方で、TGFβRII受容体は、TGFβを封鎖し、免疫活性化をもたらすだろう。実験は、TGFβ、細胞傷害性CD8陽性細胞、およびNK細胞の存在下で、(ハーセプチンの存在下でBT474細胞を成長させることにより選択された)ハーセプチン抵抗性ErbB2発現細胞株の成長を利用する。トラスツズマブは、細胞傷害性を誘導することにおいて無効であるが、トラスツズマブ TGFβRII受容体融合分子は、TGFβを封鎖し、それにより細胞傷害性CD8およびNK細胞の阻害を防止するだろう。これは、トラスツズマブ単独で処置された細胞と比較して、トラスツズマブ−TGFβRII受容体融合体で処置された細胞において観察される細胞傷害性の増強をもたらすだろう。実験についての読み出しは、存在する生細胞に正比例して活性化されるレザズリン色素である、Alamar Blueを用いる。別の方法は、比例した死細胞に直接対応するプロテアーゼ放出を測定するcytotox gloを用いることにより細胞傷害性を測定することであり得る。さらに別の方法は、アネキシンVおよびヨウ化プロピジウムを用いることにより、アポトーシス細胞集団および壊死細胞集団を直接測定するフローサイトメトリーの使用であり得る。これらの複数の実験からの結果は、トラスツズマブ単独と比較して、コンジュゲート分子の活性の理解を明瞭にするだろう。
Claims (5)
- 癌細胞を標的とするための標的化部分、免疫寛容に対抗する免疫調節性部分、およびアミノ酸スペーサーからなる、癌細胞を溶解するためのキメラ融合タンパク質であって、前記標的化部分と前記免疫調節性部分が、両方の部分がそれらの個々の標的に首尾よく結合することができるように、アミノ酸残基の十分な長さのアミノ酸スペーサーによって連結されており、
前記免疫調節性部分が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなるTGF−βRIIであり、
前記アミノ酸スペーサーが、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列であり、
前記標的化部分が、配列番号5の重鎖および配列番号6の軽鎖からなる抗EGFR1であり、
配列番号4が、前記抗EGFR1の配列番号5又は配列番号6のC末端と前記アミノ酸スペーサーを介して接続している、キメラ融合タンパク質。 - 前記配列番号6の軽鎖のC末端が、前記アミノ酸スペーサーを介して前記免疫調節性部分と結合する、キメラ融合タンパク質。
- 請求項1または2に記載のキメラ融合タンパク質をコードする核酸配列を含む、ポリヌクレオチド。
- 対象において癌を治療するための医薬の製造におけるキメラ融合タンパク質の使用であって、
前記キメラ融合タンパク質が、癌細胞を標的とするための標的化部分、免疫寛容に対抗する免疫調節性部分、およびアミノ酸スペーサーからなり、
前記標的化部分と前記免疫調節性部分が、両方の部分がそれらの個々の標的に首尾よく結合することができるように、アミノ酸残基の十分な長さのアミノ酸スペーサーによって連結されており、
前記免疫調節性部分が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなるTGF−βRIIであり、
前記アミノ酸スペーサーが、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列であり、
前記標的化部分が、配列番号5の重鎖および配列番号6の軽鎖からなる抗EGFR1であり、
配列番号4が、前記抗EGFR1の配列番号5又は配列番号6のC末端と前記アミノ酸スペーサーを介して接続している、使用。 - 前記キメラ融合タンパク質において、前記配列番号6の軽鎖のC末端が、前記アミノ酸スペーサーを介して前記免疫調節性部分と結合する、請求項4に記載の使用。
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