JP6311013B2 - 高エネルギーアノードのための新規な電解質組成物 - Google Patents
高エネルギーアノードのための新規な電解質組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6311013B2 JP6311013B2 JP2016517599A JP2016517599A JP6311013B2 JP 6311013 B2 JP6311013 B2 JP 6311013B2 JP 2016517599 A JP2016517599 A JP 2016517599A JP 2016517599 A JP2016517599 A JP 2016517599A JP 6311013 B2 JP6311013 B2 JP 6311013B2
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- lithium
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 108
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 95
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical group [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical group FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 62
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002992 LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni].[Mn].[Li] ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPURUNMZMBGJDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Li+].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [Li+].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Li+].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NPURUNMZMBGJDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDKWOJYFHXPPPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dioxido(dioxo)manganese nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Mn](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ni+2].[Li+] BDKWOJYFHXPPPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKHSGSCKLPBQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N B([O-])([O-])O.[Li+].C(C(=O)F)(=O)F.[Li+] Chemical compound B([O-])([O-])O.[Li+].C(C(=O)F)(=O)F.[Li+] XKHSGSCKLPBQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910003895 Li1.0Ni0.5Mn1.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.C=C.OC(O)=O MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000020960 lithium transport Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- OLAPPGSPBNVTRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C1C(O)=O OLAPPGSPBNVTRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
SK=比容量
FEC=フルオロエチレンカーボネート
Z=サイクル
CE=クーロン効率
Li+I=リチウム挿入
Li+D=リチウム離脱
最初に、汎用的な、市場から入手可能な非水性の電解質、すなわち、LP 71(重量比1:1:1のEC/DEC/DMC中に1MのLiPF6)、LP 30(重量比1:1のEC/DMC中に1MのLiPF6)、LP 40(重量比1:1のEC/DEC中に1MのLiPF6)、LP 50(重量比1:1のEC/EMC中に1MのLiPF6)(Merck社(今日のBASF))、または、重量比3:7のEC/DMC中に1MのLiPF6の電解質に、1〜50重量%の範囲内の所定量のFECを添加した。その後すぐ、この混合物に第二の添加剤として、0.05〜20重量%の量のLiNO3を添加し、そして、その電解質組成物を、磁気撹拌器で数時間混合した。引き続いて、その電解質組成物を、シリコン/炭素作用電極を備えた研究調査用の電池(リチウム対向半電池)中で試験した。シリコン/炭素作用電極の組成:シリコンナノ粒子20重量%、グラファイト60重量%、導電性カーボンブラック12重量%及びポリアクリル酸バインダー8重量%。アルゴンを満たしたグローブボックス中で該電池を組み立て、ここへ、作用電極とリチウム対向電極との間に二つのセルガードセパレーターを置き、そして異なる量、つまり、セパレーター1個当たり100μL〜500μLの電解質でこれを浸漬した。その組み立て後、異なるCレートで電気化学的なサイクル試験を遂行した。比較のために、標準的な電解質、例えば、LP71、並びに、それぞれ該電解質に一つの添加剤だけを有する、例えば、LP 71+FEC及びLP 71+LiNO3についてもこれら二つの添加剤の組合せによる効率を調査するために全ての試験を行い、そして実証した(図1を参照)。
1.電解質組成物:LP 30(重量比1:1のEC/DMC中に1MのLiPF6)+20重量%のFEC+0.1重量%%のLiNO3
2.電解質組成物:LP 40(重量比1:1のEC/DEC中に1MのLiPF6)+5重量%のFEC+1重量%のLiNO3
3.電解質組成物:LP 50(1:1の重量比のEC/EMC中に1MのLiPF6)+10重量%のFEC+0.15重量%のLiNO3+1%のVC
4.電解質組成物:LP 71(重量比1:1:1のEC/DEC/DMC中に1MのLiPF6)+10重量%のFEC+0.5重量%のLiNO3
5.電解質組成物:LP 71(重量比1:1:1のEC/DEC/DMC中に1MのLiPF6)+10重量%のFEC+0.3重量%のLiNO3
6.電解質組成物:LP 71(重量比1:1:1のEC/DEC/DMC中に1MのLiPF6)+10重量%のFEC+0.1重量%のLiNO3
最初に、汎用的な、市場から入手可能な非水性の溶媒混合物、例えば、1;1のEC/DEC、3:7のEC/DEC、1:1のEC/EMC、1:1のEC/DMC、3:7のEC/EMC、3:7のEC/DMC、1:1:1のEC/DEC/EMC、1:1:1のEC,DMC,EMC、1:1:1のEC/DEC/DMC(Sigma Aldrich社)に、所定濃度のLiFSI(0.8〜1.2M)を添加し、そしてこの導電塩を溶媒中に溶解させた。引き続いて、FECを上述の0.05〜50重量%の範囲内の所定量添加した。その後この新たな混合物に、第二の添加剤としてLiNO3を0.05〜20重量%の量添加し、そして、その電解質組成物を磁気撹拌器で数時間混合した。引き続いて、この電解質組成物を、シリコン/炭素作用電極(組成は、例えば、シリコンナノ粒子20重量%、グラファイト60重量%、導電性カーボンブラック12重量%、及び8重量%のポリアクリル酸バインダー、又はシリコンナノ粒子10重量%、グラファイト77重量%、導電性カーボンブラック5重量%及び8重量%のポリアクリル酸バインダー)を備えた研究調査用の電池(リチウム対向半電池)において試験した。この電池を、アルゴンを満たしたグローブボックス中で組み立て、このために、作用電極とリチウム対向電極との間に二つのセルガードセパレーターを置き、そして、これを異なる量の電解質組成物で浸漬した(セパレーター1個当たり100〜500μL)。その組み立て後、異なるCレートで電気化学的なサイクル試験を遂行した。比較のために、添加剤を有さない参照電極、1:1:1のEC/DEC/DMC中に1MのLiFSIにも全ての試験を行い、それにより新たな電解質組成物の効率を実証して検証した(図4を参照)。
1)電解質組成物:(重量比1:1:1のEC/DMC/DEC中に1MのLiFSI)+10重量%のFEC+0.5重量%のLiNO3
2)電解質組成物:(重量比1:1:1のEC/EMC中に0.8MのLiFSI)+5重量%のFEC+1重量%のLiNO3
3.電解質組成物:(重量比1:1:1のEC//DEC中に1.2MのLiFSI)+20重量%のFEC+0.15重量%のLiNO3+1%のVC
4)電解質組成物:(重量比1:1:1のEC/DEC/DMC中に1MのLiFSI)+15重量%のFEC+0.5重量%のLiNO3
Claims (7)
- 少なくとも一つのカソード及び少なくとも一つのアノードを有するリチウムイオンバッテリーのための電解質組成物であり、その際、該電解質組成物は、(i)少なくとも一つの非プロトン性の、非水性の溶媒、(ii)フッ素含有の環状カーボネート成分、及び(iii)少なくとも二つのリチウム塩を含有し、その際、一つのリチウム塩は硝酸リチウムであり、
その際、前記フッ素含有の環状カーボネート成分が、該電解質組成物の全重量に対して5〜12重量%の量で存在し、
その際、前記アノードが、シリコンアノード又はシリコン/炭素複合材アノードである、上記の電解質組成物。 - 前記硝酸リチウムが、該電解質組成物の全重量に対して0.05〜20重量%の量で存在していることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電解質組成物。
- 前記フッ素含有の環状カーボネート成分が、フルオロエチレンカーボネートであることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の電解質組成物。
- 前記電解質組成物が、更なるリチウム塩として、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドを含有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の電解質組成物。
- a)ハウジング、b)少なくとも一つのカソード及び少なくとも一つのアノードを有するバッテリーコア、その際、該アノードが、シリコンアノード又はシリコン/炭素複合材アノードである、及びc)電解質組成物を有するリチウムイオンバッテリーであり、その際、該電解質組成物が、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の電解質組成物である、上記のリチウムイオンバッテリー。
- リチウムイオンバッテリーのサイクル安定性を改善するための、フッ素含有の環状カーボネート成分及び硝酸リチウムの、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載のリチウムイオンバッテリーのための電解質組成物における使用。
- リチウムイオンバッテリーの出力増大を改善するための、フッ素含有の環状カーボネート成分及び硝酸リチウムの、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載のリチウムイオンバッテリーのための電解質組成物における使用。
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