JP6173619B1 - 熱伝導性に優れたクラッド鋼板 - Google Patents
熱伝導性に優れたクラッド鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6173619B1 JP6173619B1 JP2016563473A JP2016563473A JP6173619B1 JP 6173619 B1 JP6173619 B1 JP 6173619B1 JP 2016563473 A JP2016563473 A JP 2016563473A JP 2016563473 A JP2016563473 A JP 2016563473A JP 6173619 B1 JP6173619 B1 JP 6173619B1
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- clad steel
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000954 Medium-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001039 duplex stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
板厚比L=母材の厚さ/合わせ材の厚さの和 ・・・式(1)
ここで、前記母材の厚さ及び前記合わせ材の厚さは、前記凸部における厚さである。
本発明のクラッド鋼板の基となる三層のクラッド鋼板(以下、「三層クラッド鋼板」ということもある。)は、主に熱間圧延、焼鈍および冷間圧延により製造される。具体的には、三層それぞれの素材である金属板を重ね合せた後、さらにそれらの両側にNi箔等の剥離材を重ねて、これらをステンレス鋼等の耐酸化性を有する金属の箔又は薄板でできた袋の中に入れる。そして、袋の中を真空排気した後、窒素ガス等の不活性ガスを充填し、袋の外部から加熱し、重ね合せた金属板同士を拡散接合させる。拡散接合させた後、熱間圧延により所定の板厚になるように調整し、さらに焼鈍と冷間圧延を繰り返すことにより、平板状の三層クラッド鋼板を得ることができる。なお、後述するエンボス加工前の最後の工程は、焼鈍工程であることが好ましい。
本発明のクラッド鋼板は、その少なくとも一方の表面に複数の凸部及び凹部を有している。クラッド鋼板の表面に凸部及び凹部を含む凹凸模様を形成することにより、クラッド鋼板の一方の加熱面側から他方の非加熱面側への熱伝導性を、さらに向上させることができる。このような凹凸模様を付与する手段としては、例えば、エンボス加工を適用することができ、具体的には、圧延法、プレス加工などを用いることができる。
クラッド鋼板における凸部の面積は、凸部が形成されたクラッド鋼板の表面の面積に対する割合(以下、「凸部面積率」ということもある。)が20〜80%であることが好ましい。図2は、凸部面積率の定義を説明するための模式図であり、鋼板表面に複数の凸部及び凹部が並んだ形状を示している。一般に、凸部面積率は、凸部が鋼板表面を占有する面積の割合をいう。本明細書においては、図2に示すように、凸部の頂上から凹部の底までの距離を凸部高さHとしたときに、凸部高さHの10%をh(=0.1×H)とすると、凸部高さHから10%低い高さ(H−h=0.9H)において、凸部のそれぞれの面積W(1),W(2),・・・W(n)を総和した面積が表面全体の面積Wに占める割合によって、凸部面積率を定義した。すなわち、凸部面積率は、以下のように表される。
凹凸クラッド鋼板の板厚方向における凹凸差は、0.02〜0.2mmであることが好ましい。当該凹凸差は、図2に示すように、凸部高さHに相当する。本明細書においては、当該凹凸差は、次のように算出された。鋼板の表面における任意の領域面積(例えば、100mm2の範囲内)において、2次元の輪郭形状を5箇所測定して、それぞれの凸部高さを求めた。それらの凸部高さの平均値により当該凹凸差とした。この凹凸差が0.02mm未満であると、クラッド鋼板の使用にともなって磨耗し易くなるため、長期間の使用が困難になる。その一方で、この凹凸差が0.2mmを超えると、凹凸模様を圧延法により形成する際に、圧延荷重が増大して圧延ロールへの負荷が増大するため、ロール寿命が低下し、製造コストの上昇を招く。また、クラッド鋼板の加工硬化が著しくなるため、凹凸を付与した後の加工性に大きな影響を及ぼす。
上述のように、クラッド鋼板は、エンボス加工によって、凸部及び凹部を含む凹凸模様を形成したものを用いることができる。凹凸模様の配列は、規則的であっても、部分的または全面的にランダムであってもよい。例えば、図1に示すような、ランダムな凹凸模様を形成してもよい。
クラッド鋼板の板厚比Lは、母材の厚さと合わせ材の厚さの和について、次の式(1)で定義されたものである。
板厚比L=母材の厚さ/合わせ材の厚さの和 ・・・・式(1)
合わせ材は、母材の両面側に配されているので、式(1)においては、両面側に設けられた合わせ材の厚さの和である。母材の厚さ及び合わせ材の厚さは、凸部における厚さである。
(1) 母材が厚さ0.64mmのSPCC(JIS G 3141)からなる冷間圧延鋼板(以下、「SPCC」という。)であり、その両面側に0.08mmのSUS304からなる合わせ材を配した、板厚比4.0の三層クラッド鋼板
(2) 母材が厚さ0.56mmのSPCCであり、その両面側に0.12mmのSUS304からなる合わせ材を配した、板厚比2.3の三層クラッド鋼板
(3) 母材が厚さ0.48mmのSPCCであり、その両面側に0.16mmのSUS304からなる合わせ材を配した、板厚比1.5の三層クラッド鋼板
(4) 母材が厚さ0.72mmのSPCCであり、その両面側に0.04mmのSUS304からなる合わせ材を配した、板厚比9の三層クラッド鋼板
熱伝導率の評価試験は、次の手順で行った。所定の表面積(A)と厚み(B)で統一した試験片を作製し、その表裏の両面に熱電対を取付けた後、試験片を電磁調理器にて一定の出力(E)で加熱し、試験片の表裏の両面における各温度を測定した。測定された温度から温度差(D)を得て、下記の式(2)により熱伝導率(C)を算出した。この熱伝導率(C)が大きいほど、試験片内を加熱面から非加熱面側へ移動する熱量が大きいから、熱が伝わりやすいことを示している。
C=(E×B)/(A×D) ・・・・・式(2)
加工性の評価は、次の手順で行った。凹凸模様を付与した凹凸クラッド鋼板から、長辺側の長さが50mm、短辺側の長さが20mmからなる長方形の試験片を切り出した。この長方形試験片を用いて、その長辺側の中央部で密着曲げを行った後、中央部付近の加工部における割れの有無を目視により観察して評価した。表記した結果を表2に示す。割れが観察されなかった試験片を「○」、割れが観察された試験片を「×」で表示した。
表1に示したように、実施例1〜実施例6は、鋼板表面に凹凸模様が付与された凹凸クラッド鋼板であって、板厚比Lが1.0〜5.0である。表2に示したように、実施例1〜実施例6の凹凸クラッド鋼板は、比較例1の凹凸模様が付与されていないクラッド鋼板に比べて、良好な熱伝導性を有することが判明した。
表2に、実施例の凹凸クラッド鋼板および比較例のクラッド鋼板について、密着曲げにより加工性を評価した結果を示す。実施例1〜6および比較例1は、合わせ材のステンレス鋼板に割れは発生しなかった。それに対し、比較例2では、曲げた試験片の外側のステンレス鋼に割れが発生した。比較例2は、板厚比(炭素鋼/ステンレス鋼)が9.0であり、合わせ材(ステンレス鋼)の厚さが相対的に小さい。試験片に密着曲げ加工が施されると、試験片の表面に作用する引張応力が合わせ材に集中する。そのため、比較例2の試験片では、合わせ材(ステンレス鋼)の機械的強度を超える応力集中が作用し、割れに至ったものと推測される。また、板厚比(炭素鋼/ステンレス鋼)が7.0以下であれば、密着曲げ加工が可能であった。
2 凹凸クラッド鋼板
11、21、31 炭素鋼
12、13、22、23、32、33 ステンレス鋼
24 凹部
25、26 凸部
B クラッド鋼板の板厚
SP、SP” 炭素鋼の厚さ
SU、SU” ステンレス鋼の厚さ
SP’ 凹部における炭素鋼の厚さ
SU’ 凹部におけるステンレス鋼の厚さ
t1、t1’、t1” 加熱面における温度
t0、t0’、t0” 加熱面と反対側の面における温度
D、D’、D” 加熱面の温度と、加熱面と反対側の面における温度との差
X 加熱面
Z 加熱方向
θ1 ステンレス鋼の温度勾配
θ2 炭素鋼の温度勾配
40 上側ワークロール(段付きロール)
41 下側ワークロール(フラットロール)
42 バックアップロール
43 バックアップロール
44 ペイオフリール
45 巻取りロール
46 凹凸模様を付与していない三層クラッド鋼板
47 凹凸模様を付与した凹凸クラッド鋼板
Claims (3)
- 炭素鋼の母材と、前記母材の両面側にそれぞれ配されたステンレス鋼の合わせ材とを有する三層のクラッド鋼板であって、
式(1)で示される板厚比Lが1.0以上5.0以下であり、
前記クラッド鋼板の少なくとも一方の表面には、複数の凸部及び凹部を有する、クラッド鋼板。
板厚比L=母材の厚さ/合わせ材の厚さの和 ・・・式(1)
ここで、前記母材の厚さ及び前記合わせ材の厚さは、前記凸部における厚さである。 - 前記複数の凸部の面積は、前記凸部が形成された前記クラッド鋼板の表面の面積に対して20〜80%である、請求項1に記載のクラッド鋼板。
- 前記複数の凸部及び凹部は、板厚方向における凹凸差が0.02mm以上0.2mm以下である、請求項1または2に記載のクラッド鋼板。
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