WO2017065267A1 - 熱伝導性に優れたクラッド鋼板 - Google Patents
熱伝導性に優れたクラッド鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017065267A1 WO2017065267A1 PCT/JP2016/080524 JP2016080524W WO2017065267A1 WO 2017065267 A1 WO2017065267 A1 WO 2017065267A1 JP 2016080524 W JP2016080524 W JP 2016080524W WO 2017065267 A1 WO2017065267 A1 WO 2017065267A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- steel plate
- clad steel
- thickness
- plate
- base material
- Prior art date
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000954 Medium-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001039 duplex stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
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- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a clad steel plate having excellent thermal conductivity used for cooking utensils and the like.
- the electromagnetic cooker heats the heated object indirectly by electromagnetic induction, and the temperature of the heated object does not rise except for the heated object, so there is a risk of burns and fire. It is small and emits less carbon dioxide, and the number of users is increasing.
- the material used for electromagnetic cookers is made of stainless steel
- the base material is a thin stainless clad steel plate made of low-carbon steel. Therefore, clad steel whose base material is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy is often used.
- An electromagnetic cooker is such a safe and clean heating means, but because the output of the device is limited, the heating rate is slower than the heating by gas, and it takes time to cook, and the broth penetrates into the ingredients There are also disadvantages in that it is difficult to do. Recently, cooking utensils using stainless clad steel plates with improved induction heating characteristics have been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a two-layer or three-layer clad steel in which a mild steel having a carbon content of 0.005% or less is used as a base material and stainless steel, nickel, or a nickel alloy is used as a base material.
- a clad steel sheet is proposed in which the ratio of the amount of nitrogen (Al / N) is 6 or more and the amount of nitrogen contained in the laminated material is 0.01% or less.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a stainless clad steel plate in which the outer layer material is stainless steel, the base material is low carbon steel, and the base material has an acid-soluble Al content of 0.10 to 1.5% by weight.
- Patent Document 3 an upper member, an intermediate material, and a lower member are formed, and the upper member is a ferrite type plate having a plate thickness of 0.3 to 3.0 mm containing 10.0 to 30.0% by weight of Cr.
- a clad steel made of stainless steel, an intermediate material made of aluminum having a thickness of 1.0 to 10.0 mm with a purity of 99% or more, and a lower member made of a steel plate having a thickness of 3.0 to 30.0 mm has been proposed. ing.
- Patent Document 4 a clad material in which the surface of an inner base material is thinly coated with a softer metal than the base material is cold-rolled or skin-pass-rolled by a rolling roll with a pattern on the surface, or a patterned metal plate or rainbow color A method for manufacturing a metal plate has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 defines the components of mild steel as a base material, and by subjecting the clad steel sheet to temper rolling, drawing or severe bending when used as a material for kitchens such as pans and kettles It is intended to improve the occurrence of cracks and wrinkles at the time, and is a proposal mainly aimed at improving workability.
- Patent Document 1 does not describe the surface shape of the clad steel plate.
- Patent Document 2 specifies the acid-soluble Al content, the C content, the Ti content, and the N content of the low-carbon steel that is the base material in terms of induction heating characteristics and workability. is suggesting. However, Patent Document 2 does not describe the surface shape and heat conduction characteristics of the steel sheet.
- the clad steel material of Patent Document 3 is a clad steel material made of ferritic stainless steel and aluminum.
- the clad steel material of Patent Document 3 has difficulty in corrosion resistance of ferritic stainless steel and wear resistance of aluminum, and may shorten the life as a cooking utensil.
- Patent Document 3 does not describe the surface shape of the clad steel material.
- Patent Document 4 In the method for producing a patterned metal plate or rainbow-colored metal plate by rolling in Patent Document 4, attention is focused on improving the design by providing fine irregularities on the surface of the clad material by rolling. However, Patent Document 4 does not describe the heat conduction characteristics of the patterned metal plate and the rainbow metal plate.
- Patent Document 5 In the metal plate for a cooker and the manufacturing method thereof of Patent Document 5, a large number of independent protrusions are formed on the surface of the metal plate constituting the inner surface of the cooker, and a flat continuous groove is formed between the individual independent protrusions.
- a steel plate having an oxide film formed on the surface can be used as the metal plate.
- the said metal plate for cookers is manufactured by rolling a metal plate using an embossing roll.
- This metal plate for a cooker is a metal plate suitable as a cooker that hardly causes scorching on the cooking surface.
- Patent Document 5 does not mention thermal conductivity.
- a material for cooking utensils capable of electromagnetic induction heating that has better thermal conductivity than conventional clad steel plates has been desired.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a clad steel plate excellent in thermal conductivity that can be suitably used for cooking utensils and the like.
- the inventors of the present application made extensive studies on a clad steel sheet having good thermal conductivity.
- a clad steel sheet having excellent thermal conductivity and excellent adhesion between the base material and the laminated material was obtained.
- the present invention provides the following.
- the present invention is a three-layer clad steel plate having a carbon steel base material and a stainless steel laminated material respectively disposed on both sides of the base material, and a plate thickness ratio L represented by formula (1) 1.0 or more and 5.0 or less, and a clad steel plate having a plurality of convex portions and concave portions on at least one surface of the clad steel plate.
- Sheet thickness ratio L sum of base material / thickness of laminated material (1)
- the thickness of the base material and the thickness of the mating material are the thicknesses of the convex portions.
- the area of the plurality of convex portions is preferably 20 to 80% with respect to the area of the surface of the clad steel plate on which the convex portions are formed.
- the plurality of convex portions and concave portions have an unevenness difference in the thickness direction of 0.02 mm or more and 0.2 mm or less.
- the clad steel sheet according to the present invention is a three-layer clad steel sheet having a low-carbon steel base material and a stainless steel laminated material arranged on both sides of the base material.
- the thickness ratio is the plate thickness ratio L
- the plate thickness ratio L by setting the plate thickness ratio L to 1.0 to 5.0, it has good thermal conductivity and excellent adhesion between the base material and the laminated material.
- a clad steel plate is obtained.
- the cross-sectional area of the three-layer clad steel plate can be reduced, and as a result, the heat transfer coefficient is further increased. It is done.
- the ratio of the convex area to the surface area of the laminated material (the convex area ratio) is set to 20 to 80%, or the unevenness difference in the plate thickness direction is further set to 0.02 to 0.2 mm. Maintains good thermal conductivity and enables long-term use.
- the present invention is a three-layer clad steel plate in which low-carbon steel is used as a base material and stainless steel is provided on both sides as a composite material (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “outer layer”), and the thickness of the base material and the composite material
- L the plate thickness ratio
- L the clad steel plate has a plurality of convex portions and concave portions on at least one surface.
- the three-layer clad steel plate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “three-layer clad steel plate”) that is the basis of the clad steel plate of the present invention is produced mainly by hot rolling, annealing, and cold rolling. Specifically, after the metal plates that are the materials of each of the three layers are overlapped, a release material such as Ni foil is further stacked on both sides thereof, and these are made of a metal foil having oxidation resistance such as stainless steel or the like. Place it in a thin bag. And after evacuating the inside of a bag, it fills with inert gas, such as nitrogen gas, heats from the exterior of a bag, and carries out the diffusion joining of the metal plates which overlapped.
- inert gas such as nitrogen gas
- a flat three-layer clad steel plate can be obtained by adjusting the thickness to be a predetermined thickness by hot rolling, and further repeating annealing and cold rolling.
- the last process before embossing mentioned later is an annealing process.
- the type of base material in the three-layer clad steel plate is not particularly limited.
- a steel plate made of low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel, alloy steel, or the like can be used.
- a steel sheet for deep drawing made of low carbon Ti-added steel, low carbon Nb-added steel, or the like is preferable as the base steel sheet.
- SPCC in JIS G 3141 is preferable.
- a carbon concentration of 0.15% by mass or less, a manganese concentration of 0.60% by mass or less, a phosphorus concentration of 0.10% by mass or less, and a sulfur concentration of 0.05% by mass or less are used. it can.
- the type of stainless steel that is the laminated material of the three-layer clad steel plate is not particularly limited.
- a ferritic, austenitic, or two-phase stainless steel plate can be used depending on the usage environment of the clad steel plate.
- a ferritic stainless steel plate having a low material cost can be used.
- an austenitic stainless steel sheet may be used as a laminated material.
- the laminated material may be a duplex stainless steel plate.
- the surface finish of the stainless steel plate constituting the laminated material of the three-layer clad steel plate is not particularly limited, and known means are applied.
- the two laminated materials arranged on both sides of the base material may have the same thickness or different thicknesses.
- stainless steel having different plate thicknesses can be used as a laminated material according to the plastic working method and the shape after processing.
- the clad steel plate of the present invention has a plurality of convex portions and concave portions on at least one surface thereof.
- a concavo-convex pattern including convex portions and concave portions on the surface of the clad steel plate, the thermal conductivity from one heated surface side to the other non-heated surface side of the clad steel plate can be further improved.
- embossing can be applied, and specifically, a rolling method, press working, or the like can be used.
- a rolling method using an emboss roll is excellent in productivity. Even if the embossing roll used for rolling is worn or chipped, the profile of the embossing roll can be reworked by cutting or etching. Therefore, the rolling method is also preferable in that the cost burden is small.
- a four-high rolling mill as shown in FIG. 8 can be used.
- the four-high rolling mill has a structure in which a stepped roll 40 provided with a concavo-convex pattern as an upper work roll and a flat roll 11 having no concavo-convex pattern as a lower work roll are provided, and backup rolls 42 and 43 are provided respectively. have.
- the stepped roll 40 has a roll shape in which a plurality of large diameter portions and small diameter portions are arranged in the axial direction and the circumferential direction.
- the clad steel plate 46 fed from the payoff reel 44 to the four-high rolling mill has a predetermined uneven pattern transferred by the roll shape of the stepped roll 40, and a clad steel plate having a plurality of convex portions and concave portions formed on the surface. (Hereafter, it may be called "uneven clad steel plate”.) 47 is obtained. Thereafter, the concavo-convex clad steel plate 47 formed with the plurality of convex portions and concave portions is accommodated in the take-up reel 45.
- the concavo-convex clad steel plate 47 formed with the plurality of convex portions and concave portions is accommodated in the take-up reel 45.
- the area of the protrusions in the clad steel plate is preferably 20 to 80% of the ratio of the surface of the clad steel plate on which the protrusions are formed (hereinafter also referred to as “protrusion area ratio”).
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the definition of the convex portion area ratio, and shows a shape in which a plurality of convex portions and concave portions are arranged on the steel plate surface.
- the convex area ratio refers to the ratio of the area that the convex occupies the steel sheet surface. In this specification, as shown in FIG.
- the convex area ratio can be obtained as follows. First, in a region arbitrarily extracted from the surface of the clad steel plate, a two-dimensional profile with the vertical axis in the plate thickness direction as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is acquired. Next, the distance (convex height H) from the top of the convex portion to the bottom of the concave portion is measured for the convex portion represented by the two-dimensional profile. This convex part height H is calculated
- the convex area ratio is calculated by dividing the total area of the portions included between the reference points for each convex portion by the total area of the extracted regions.
- W (i) an example of a portion for measuring the area of the convex portion is indicated by W (i).
- the convex part and the concave part of the clad steel plate specify the reference line M by linearly approximating the data of the above two-dimensional profile and further correcting the inclination of the straight line and making it horizontal.
- a portion located above the reference line M on the surface is defined as a convex portion to be measured.
- the convex part area ratio is less than 20%, when the concave / convex pattern is formed by the rolling method, the ratio of forming the concave part by the large diameter part of the stepped roll increases, and the rolling load increases to the rolling roll. Therefore, the life of the rolling roll is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is increased.
- the convex area ratio exceeds 80%, the effect of improving the thermal conductivity is small.
- the unevenness difference in the thickness direction of the uneven clad steel plate is preferably 0.02 to 0.2 mm.
- the unevenness difference corresponds to the convex portion height H as shown in FIG.
- the unevenness difference was calculated as follows. In an arbitrary area on the surface of the steel plate (for example, within a range of 100 mm 2 ), two two-dimensional contour shapes were measured, and the height of each convex portion was obtained. The unevenness difference was determined by the average value of the heights of the protrusions. If the unevenness difference is less than 0.02 mm, it becomes easy to wear with the use of the clad steel plate, so that long-term use becomes difficult.
- the clad steel sheet has a convex area ratio of 20 to 80% and an unevenness difference of 0.02 to 0.2 mm, thereby maintaining good thermal conductivity and enabling long-term use. be able to.
- a clad steel plate having a concavo-convex pattern including convex portions and concave portions formed by embossing can be used.
- the arrangement of the concavo-convex pattern may be regular, or may be partially or entirely random. For example, a random uneven pattern as shown in FIG. 1 may be formed.
- FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show a cross section and a two-dimensional profile of the clad steel plate having the uneven surface.
- FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional profile of a clad steel plate having a concavo-convex pattern having a convex area ratio of about 80% and a concavo-convex difference of about 0.06 mm.
- FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional profile of a clad steel plate having a concavo-convex pattern with a convex area ratio of about 55% and a concavo-convex difference of about 0.20 mm.
- the concavo-convex pattern in FIGS. 3 and 4 is an example in which the convex area ratio is 20 to 80% and the concavo-convex difference is in the range of 0.02 to 0.20 mm.
- the cross-sectional area of the clad steel plate is reduced, so that the thermal conductivity of the clad steel plate is increased.
- the uneven pattern on the surface of the clad steel plate is highly disordered in the arrangement direction. It is effective in that the cooking time is shortened because foaming is uniform and heat is uniformly transmitted to the food.
- a relatively large uneven pattern may be formed on the clad steel plate.
- this concavo-convex pattern is formed by a rolling method, the mechanical strength is also increased by work hardening, so that it is possible to obtain a clad steel plate that is excellent in wear resistance and can withstand long-term use.
- the thickness ratio L of the clad steel plate is defined by the following equation (1) with respect to the sum of the thickness of the base material and the thickness of the laminated material.
- Plate thickness ratio L thickness of base material / sum of thicknesses of laminated materials (1) Since the laminated material is arranged on both sides of the base material, in the formula (1), it is the sum of the thicknesses of the laminated materials provided on both sides.
- the thickness of the base material and the thickness of the laminated material are the thicknesses at the convex portions.
- the plate thickness ratio L is less than 1.0, the proportion of the laminated material in the clad steel plate is large. Since the laminated material (stainless steel) is a material having a relatively lower thermal conductivity than the base material (carbon steel), the thermal conductivity of the clad steel plate may be lowered. Further, when the clad steel plate is subjected to processing and compressive stress is applied, since the ductility of both the base material and the laminated material is different, the base material and the laminated material may be separated at the processed portion. On the other hand, when the plate thickness ratio is more than 5.0, the proportion of the laminated material is excessively reduced.
- the plate thickness ratio L is preferably in the range of 1.0 to 5.0.
- the lower limit is more preferably 1.5 and even more preferably 2.0.
- the upper limit is more preferably 4.0, and even more preferably 3.5.
- a cold rolled steel plate (hereinafter referred to as “SPCC”) made of SPCC (JIS G 3141) having a thickness of 0.64 mm as a base material, and a laminated material made of SUS304 having 0.08 mm on both sides thereof.
- a three-layer clad steel plate having a thickness ratio of 4.0 (2) A thickness ratio of a base material of SPCC having a thickness of 0.56 mm and a laminated material made of SUS304 having a thickness of 0.12 mm on both sides thereof 2.3 Three-layer clad steel plate (3) Three layers with a thickness ratio of 1.5, in which the base material is SPCC having a thickness of 0.48 mm, and a laminated material made of SUS304 having a thickness of 0.16 mm is arranged on both sides thereof.
- Clad steel plate (4) Three-layer clad steel plate with a thickness ratio of 9 in which the base material is SPCC having a thickness of 0.72 mm and a laminated material made of 0.04 mm of SUS304 is arranged on both sides thereof.
- the four-layer rolling mill as shown in FIG. Embossing to form convex portions and concave portions on the surface was performed, and the test pieces of the uneven clad steel plates of Examples 1 to 6 were obtained.
- the processing conditions for embossing were such that the diameter of the stepped roll in the four-high rolling mill was 110 mm, the rolling load corresponding to the unevenness shown in Table 1 was set, and the rolling speed was 0.5 m / min.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are three-layer clad steel plates that are not embossed.
- the plate thickness ratio in the convex part of the uneven clad steel plate was not different from the plate thickness ratio in the three-layer clad steel plate before forming the uneven pattern.
- Convex area ratio and unevenness difference of the concavo-convex pattern formed on the surface of the manufactured concavo-convex clad steel sheet is a profile enlarged by a shape measuring machine (contractor) for a part with an area of 100 mm 2 arbitrarily extracted from the clad steel sheet Measured from As an example of the two-dimensional profile, the two-dimensional profile of the clad steel plates of Examples 1 and 4 with the thickness direction as the vertical axis is shown in FIGS. Table 1 shows various characteristics of the manufactured uneven clad steel plate.
- the evaluation test of thermal conductivity was performed according to the following procedure. After preparing a test piece unified with a predetermined surface area (A) and thickness (B), attaching thermocouples to both sides of the front and back, the test piece is heated with a constant output (E) in an electromagnetic cooker, Each temperature was measured on both sides of the test piece. The temperature difference (D) was obtained from the measured temperature, and the thermal conductivity (C) was calculated by the following formula (2). This indicates that the greater the thermal conductivity (C), the greater the amount of heat that moves from the heated surface to the non-heated surface side in the test piece, so that heat is more easily transmitted.
- C (E ⁇ B) / (A ⁇ D) Equation (2)
- a square test piece having a side length of 50 mm was cut out from a concavo-convex clad steel plate provided with a concavo-convex pattern, and this was set in an electromagnetic cooker whose output was set to 500 W, and the heating surface of the test piece was targeted. Heated to temperature. Since the thermal conductivity varies depending on the heating temperature, the target temperatures were set to 100 ° C., 300 ° C., and 500 ° C.
- the thermal conductivity was evaluated based on the calculated thermal conductivity (W / m ⁇ K).
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- the evaluation criteria are “ ⁇ ” when the thermal conductivity is improved by 50% or more and “ ⁇ ” when the thermal conductivity is improved by 25% or more and less than 50%, and 5% or more and less than 25% based on Comparative Example 1. Those that were improved were indicated by “ ⁇ ”, and those that were improved by less than 5% were indicated by “x”.
- Examples 1 to 6 are concavo-convex clad steel sheets having a concavo-convex pattern on the steel sheet surface, and the plate thickness ratio L is 1.0 to 5.0.
- the concavo-convex clad steel plates of Examples 1 to 6 were found to have better thermal conductivity than the clad steel plate to which the concavo-convex pattern of Comparative Example 1 was not applied.
- the concavo-convex clad steel plate is a composite material, it has a heat conduction characteristic in which the temperature gradient ⁇ changes in the thickness direction. Comparing the thermal conductivity of the base material (SPCC) with the thermal conductivity of the laminated material (SUS304), the thermal conductivity of SUS304 is smaller than the thermal conductivity of SPCC, so the temperature gradient ⁇ 1 of the laminated material (stainless steel)> The temperature gradient ⁇ 2 of the base material (carbon steel) is obtained.
- FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are schematic diagrams showing how heat is transmitted in a heating test of a clad steel plate having a plate thickness ratio L of 4.0. 5 and 6 show a heating direction Z with respect to the heating surface X from a heat source (not shown). When such heating is performed, as shown in FIG. 5, the difference D between the temperature t1 of the heating surface X of the three-layer clad steel sheet 1 not provided with the uneven pattern and the temperature t0 of the opposite surface is the plate width. It is almost the same at any position in the direction. However, as shown in FIG.
- the temperature difference D ′ in the portion with the small thickness (concave portion) is compared with the temperature difference D in the portion with the large thickness (convex portion). And since the thickness of the carbon steel in a plate
- the uneven clad steel plate provided with the uneven pattern has a varying temperature gradient in both the plate thickness direction and the plate width direction.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing how heat is transmitted in a heating test of a three-layer clad steel plate 3 having a plate thickness ratio L of 1.5 and not having an uneven pattern.
- the thickness B of the three-layer clad steel plate 3 is the same as that of the three-layer clad steel plate 1 shown in FIG. Since the temperature gradient in the plate thickness direction varies depending on the plate thickness ratio, the temperature difference between the temperature of the heating surface X and the opposite surface also varies accordingly. Even if the plate thickness B is the same, if the plate thickness ratio L is smaller than that of the three-layer clad steel in FIG. 5, the ratio of the laminated material (stainless steel) having a low thermal conductivity is increased, so the temperature difference D ′′. Becomes larger than the temperature difference D.
- the thickness ratio of the base material having a large thermal conductivity such as carbon steel is set. By making it high, an uneven clad steel plate having better thermal conductivity can be obtained.
- Table 2 shows the results of evaluating workability by close contact bending for the uneven clad steel plate of the example and the clad steel plate of the comparative example.
- Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 cracks did not occur in the stainless steel plate of the laminated material.
- Comparative Example 2 cracking occurred in the stainless steel outside the bent specimen.
- the plate thickness ratio carbon steel / stainless steel
- the thickness of the laminated material stainless steel
- the thermal conductivity was good, and cracking during processing was not observed, and the value as a product could be increased.
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Abstract
Description
板厚比L=母材の厚さ/合わせ材の厚さの和 ・・・式(1)
ここで、前記母材の厚さ及び前記合わせ材の厚さは、前記凸部における厚さである。
本発明のクラッド鋼板の基となる三層のクラッド鋼板(以下、「三層クラッド鋼板」ということもある。)は、主に熱間圧延、焼鈍および冷間圧延により製造される。具体的には、三層それぞれの素材である金属板を重ね合せた後、さらにそれらの両側にNi箔等の剥離材を重ねて、これらをステンレス鋼等の耐酸化性を有する金属の箔又は薄板でできた袋の中に入れる。そして、袋の中を真空排気した後、窒素ガス等の不活性ガスを充填し、袋の外部から加熱し、重ね合せた金属板同士を拡散接合させる。拡散接合させた後、熱間圧延により所定の板厚になるように調整し、さらに焼鈍と冷間圧延を繰り返すことにより、平板状の三層クラッド鋼板を得ることができる。なお、後述するエンボス加工前の最後の工程は、焼鈍工程であることが好ましい。
本発明のクラッド鋼板は、その少なくとも一方の表面に複数の凸部及び凹部を有している。クラッド鋼板の表面に凸部及び凹部を含む凹凸模様を形成することにより、クラッド鋼板の一方の加熱面側から他方の非加熱面側への熱伝導性を、さらに向上させることができる。このような凹凸模様を付与する手段としては、例えば、エンボス加工を適用することができ、具体的には、圧延法、プレス加工などを用いることができる。
クラッド鋼板における凸部の面積は、凸部が形成されたクラッド鋼板の表面の面積に対する割合(以下、「凸部面積率」ということもある。)が20~80%であることが好ましい。図2は、凸部面積率の定義を説明するための模式図であり、鋼板表面に複数の凸部及び凹部が並んだ形状を示している。一般に、凸部面積率は、凸部が鋼板表面を占有する面積の割合をいう。本明細書においては、図2に示すように、凸部の頂上から凹部の底までの距離を凸部高さHとしたときに、凸部高さHの10%をh(=0.1×H)とすると、凸部高さHから10%低い高さ(H-h=0.9H)において、凸部のそれぞれの面積W(1),W(2),・・・W(n)を総和した面積が表面全体の面積Wに占める割合によって、凸部面積率を定義した。すなわち、凸部面積率は、以下のように表される。
凹凸クラッド鋼板の板厚方向における凹凸差は、0.02~0.2mmであることが好ましい。当該凹凸差は、図2に示すように、凸部高さHに相当する。本明細書においては、当該凹凸差は、次のように算出された。鋼板の表面における任意の領域面積(例えば、100mm2の範囲内)において、2次元の輪郭形状を5箇所測定して、それぞれの凸部高さを求めた。それらの凸部高さの平均値により当該凹凸差とした。この凹凸差が0.02mm未満であると、クラッド鋼板の使用にともなって磨耗し易くなるため、長期間の使用が困難になる。その一方で、この凹凸差が0.2mmを超えると、凹凸模様を圧延法により形成する際に、圧延荷重が増大して圧延ロールへの負荷が増大するため、ロール寿命が低下し、製造コストの上昇を招く。また、クラッド鋼板の加工硬化が著しくなるため、凹凸を付与した後の加工性に大きな影響を及ぼす。
上述のように、クラッド鋼板は、エンボス加工によって、凸部及び凹部を含む凹凸模様を形成したものを用いることができる。凹凸模様の配列は、規則的であっても、部分的または全面的にランダムであってもよい。例えば、図1に示すような、ランダムな凹凸模様を形成してもよい。
クラッド鋼板の板厚比Lは、母材の厚さと合わせ材の厚さの和について、次の式(1)で定義されたものである。
板厚比L=母材の厚さ/合わせ材の厚さの和 ・・・・式(1)
合わせ材は、母材の両面側に配されているので、式(1)においては、両面側に設けられた合わせ材の厚さの和である。母材の厚さ及び合わせ材の厚さは、凸部における厚さである。
(1) 母材が厚さ0.64mmのSPCC(JIS G 3141)からなる冷間圧延鋼板(以下、「SPCC」という。)であり、その両面側に0.08mmのSUS304からなる合わせ材を配した、板厚比4.0の三層クラッド鋼板
(2) 母材が厚さ0.56mmのSPCCであり、その両面側に0.12mmのSUS304からなる合わせ材を配した、板厚比2.3の三層クラッド鋼板
(3) 母材が厚さ0.48mmのSPCCであり、その両面側に0.16mmのSUS304からなる合わせ材を配した、板厚比1.5の三層クラッド鋼板
(4) 母材が厚さ0.72mmのSPCCであり、その両面側に0.04mmのSUS304からなる合わせ材を配した、板厚比9の三層クラッド鋼板
熱伝導率の評価試験は、次の手順で行った。所定の表面積(A)と厚み(B)で統一した試験片を作製し、その表裏の両面に熱電対を取付けた後、試験片を電磁調理器にて一定の出力(E)で加熱し、試験片の表裏の両面における各温度を測定した。測定された温度から温度差(D)を得て、下記の式(2)により熱伝導率(C)を算出した。この熱伝導率(C)が大きいほど、試験片内を加熱面から非加熱面側へ移動する熱量が大きいから、熱が伝わりやすいことを示している。
C=(E×B)/(A×D) ・・・・・式(2)
加工性の評価は、次の手順で行った。凹凸模様を付与した凹凸クラッド鋼板から、長辺側の長さが50mm、短辺側の長さが20mmからなる長方形の試験片を切り出した。この長方形試験片を用いて、その長辺側の中央部で密着曲げを行った後、中央部付近の加工部における割れの有無を目視により観察して評価した。表記した結果を表2に示す。割れが観察されなかった試験片を「○」、割れが観察された試験片を「×」で表示した。
表1に示したように、実施例1~実施例6は、鋼板表面に凹凸模様が付与された凹凸クラッド鋼板であって、板厚比Lが1.0~5.0である。表2に示したように、実施例1~実施例6の凹凸クラッド鋼板は、比較例1の凹凸模様が付与されていないクラッド鋼板に比べて、良好な熱伝導性を有することが判明した。
表2に、実施例の凹凸クラッド鋼板および比較例のクラッド鋼板について、密着曲げにより加工性を評価した結果を示す。実施例1~6および比較例1は、合わせ材のステンレス鋼板に割れは発生しなかった。それに対し、比較例2では、曲げた試験片の外側のステンレス鋼に割れが発生した。比較例2は、板厚比(炭素鋼/ステンレス鋼)が9.0であり、合わせ材(ステンレス鋼)の厚さが相対的に小さい。試験片に密着曲げ加工が施されると、試験片の表面に作用する引張応力が合わせ材に集中する。そのため、比較例2の試験片では、合わせ材(ステンレス鋼)の機械的強度を超える応力集中が作用し、割れに至ったものと推測される。また、板厚比(炭素鋼/ステンレス鋼)が7.0以下であれば、密着曲げ加工が可能であった。
2 凹凸クラッド鋼板
11、21、31 炭素鋼
12、13、22、23、32、33 ステンレス鋼
24 凹部
25、26 凸部
B クラッド鋼板の板厚
SP、SP” 炭素鋼の厚さ
SU、SU” ステンレス鋼の厚さ
SP’ 凹部における炭素鋼の厚さ
SU’ 凹部におけるステンレス鋼の厚さ
t1、t1’、t1” 加熱面における温度
t0、t0’、t0” 加熱面と反対側の面における温度
D、D’、D” 加熱面の温度と、加熱面と反対側の面における温度との差
X 加熱面
Z 加熱方向
θ1 ステンレス鋼の温度勾配
θ2 炭素鋼の温度勾配
40 上側ワークロール(段付きロール)
41 下側ワークロール(フラットロール)
42 バックアップロール
43 バックアップロール
44 ペイオフリール
45 巻取りロール
46 凹凸模様を付与していない三層クラッド鋼板
47 凹凸模様を付与した凹凸クラッド鋼板
Claims (3)
- 炭素鋼の母材と、前記母材の両面側にそれぞれ配されたステンレス鋼の合わせ材とを有する三層のクラッド鋼板であって、
式(1)で示される板厚比Lが1.0以上5.0以下であり、
前記クラッド鋼板の少なくとも一方の表面には、複数の凸部及び凹部を有する、クラッド鋼板。
板厚比L=母材の厚さ/合わせ材の厚さの和 ・・・式(1)
ここで、前記母材の厚さ及び前記合わせ材の厚さは、前記凸部における厚さである。 - 前記複数の凸部の面積は、前記凸部が形成された前記クラッド鋼板の表面の面積に対して20~80%である、請求項1に記載のクラッド鋼板。
- 前記複数の凸部及び凹部は、板厚方向における凹凸差が0.02mm以上0.2mm以下である、請求項1または2に記載のクラッド鋼板。
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JP2016563473A JP6173619B1 (ja) | 2015-10-14 | 2016-10-14 | 熱伝導性に優れたクラッド鋼板 |
CN201680058269.2A CN108136456A (zh) | 2015-10-14 | 2016-10-14 | 热传导性优异的包层钢板 |
EP16855520.9A EP3363550B1 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2016-10-14 | Cladded steel plate with excellent heat conductivity |
US15/768,310 US10562084B2 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2016-10-14 | Clad steel plate with excellent thermal conductivity |
KR1020187010794A KR101907839B1 (ko) | 2015-10-14 | 2016-10-14 | 열전도성이 우수한 클래드 강판 |
HK18113709.5A HK1254500A1 (zh) | 2015-10-14 | 2018-10-26 | 熱傳導性優異的包層鋼板 |
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CN113210419A (zh) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-06 | 湖南三泰新材料股份有限公司 | 一种耐腐蚀hrb600e复合抗震钢筋及其制造方法 |
CN113369308A (zh) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-10 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种改进的板材轧机用复合衬板 |
CN114773074A (zh) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-07-22 | 江苏中色复合材料有限公司 | 一种适用于多热源的高温高导精钢炒锅料及其制备方法 |
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US10562084B2 (en) | 2020-02-18 |
CN108136456A (zh) | 2018-06-08 |
EP3363550A4 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
EP3363550A1 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
KR101907839B1 (ko) | 2018-10-12 |
KR20180045038A (ko) | 2018-05-03 |
JP6173619B1 (ja) | 2017-08-02 |
TW201726393A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
US20180304326A1 (en) | 2018-10-25 |
EP3363550B1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
JPWO2017065267A1 (ja) | 2017-10-12 |
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HK1254500A1 (zh) | 2019-07-19 |
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