JP6143107B2 - ナノフィラーを混合した炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ナノフィラーを混合した炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6143107B2 JP6143107B2 JP2013554323A JP2013554323A JP6143107B2 JP 6143107 B2 JP6143107 B2 JP 6143107B2 JP 2013554323 A JP2013554323 A JP 2013554323A JP 2013554323 A JP2013554323 A JP 2013554323A JP 6143107 B2 JP6143107 B2 JP 6143107B2
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- carbon fiber
- reinforced plastic
- fiber reinforced
- plastic material
- parts
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- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 63
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
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- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/005—Reinforced macromolecular compounds with nanosized materials, e.g. nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods or nanolayered materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/002—Methods
- B29B7/005—Methods for mixing in batches
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
- B29B7/06—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/10—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/12—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
- B29B7/14—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
- B29B7/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/28—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for measuring, controlling or regulating, e.g. viscosity control
- B29B7/286—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for measuring, controlling or regulating, e.g. viscosity control measuring properties of the mixture, e.g. temperature, density
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
- B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
- B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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Description
本実施形態に係る炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料100に利用可能な高分子材料は、熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂、エラストマー又はゴムから選択することができる。熱可塑性樹脂としては、ポリオレフィン系樹脂(例えば高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE)、低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)、超高分子量ポリエチレン(UHMWPE)、アイソタクチックポリプロピレン、シンジオタクチックポリプロピレンなどのポリプロピレン(PP)、エチレンプロピレン共重合体樹脂)、ポリアミド系樹脂(例えばナイロン6(N6)、ナイロン66(N66)、ナイロン46(N46)、ナイロン11(N11)、ナイロン12(N12)、ナイロン610(N610)、ナイロン612(N612)、ナイロン6/66共重合体(N6/66)、ナイロン6/66/610共重合体(N6/66/610)、ナイロンMXD6(MXD6)、ナイロン6T、ナイロン6/6T共重合体、ナイロン66/PP共重合体、ナイロン66/PPS共重合体)、ポリエステル系樹脂(例えば、ポリ乳酸(PLLA)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエチレンイソフタレート(PEI)、ポリエステル共重合体、PET/PEI共重合体、ポリアリレート(PAR)、ポリブチレンナフタレート(PBN)、液晶ポリエステル、ポリオキシアルキレンジイミド酸/ポリブチレートテレフタレート共重合体などの芳香族ポリエステル)、ポリエーテル系樹脂(例えばポリアセタール(POM)、ポリフェニレンオキシド(PPO)、ポリサルフォン(PSF)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK))、ポリニトリル系樹脂(例えばポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)、ポリメタクリロニトリル、アクリロニトリル/スチレン共重合体(AS)、メタクリロニトリル/スチレン共重合体、メタクリロニトリル/スチレン/ブタジエン共重合体)、ポリメタクリレート系樹脂(例えばポリメタクリル酸メチル(PMMA)、ポリメタクリル酸エチル)、ポリビニル系樹脂(例えば酢酸ビニル(EVA)、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、ビニルアルコール/エチレン共重合体(EVOH)、ポリ塩化ビニリデン(PVDC)、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)、塩化ビニル/塩化ビニリデン共重合体、塩化ビニリデン/メチルアクリレート共重合体)、セルロース系樹脂(例えば、酢酸セルロース、酢酸酪酸セルロース)、フッ素系樹脂(例えば、ポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)、ポリフッ化ビニル(PVF)、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン(PCTFE)、テトラフルオロエチレン/エチレン共重合体(ETFE))、イミド系樹脂(例えば芳香族ポリイミド(PI))、ポリアセタールなどを用いることができる。これらの熱可塑性樹脂は市販品を購入して使用することができる。
炭素繊維は、炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料100に剛性を付与する充填剤である。炭素繊維は有機高分子繊維(セルロース系、ポリアクリルニトリル系)を800℃以上3000℃以下の一連の段階的加熱処理により繊維形状を保った炭化するか、又は紡糸したピッチ(ピッチ系)を熱処理することによって得られる。高分子材料に添加してコンポジットとし、引張強度を高めることができる。炭素繊維は、市販品を購入して使用することができる。
本実施形態に係る炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料100に利用可能なナノフィラーとして、層状構造を有するナノフィラーを用いることができる。層状構造を有するナノフィラーとしては、層状ケイ酸塩(layer silicate)が好ましい。層状ケイ酸塩は、Si或いはAlを4個の酸素が囲んだ四面体が、3つの頂点を隣の四面体と共有することにより、2次元的に拡がった構造単位(四面体シート)を形成している層状構造をもった珪酸塩の一群であり、マイカ、雲母、タルク、カオリン、モンモリロナイト等が挙げられる。Mg、Alなど6個の酸素ないしOHが囲んだ八面体の2次元的なつながりである八面体シートも重要な構成要素となる。層面に平行な劈開が完全であり、一般に板状又は薄片状の形態である。化学的には、Al、Mg、Fe、アルカリなどの含水ケイ酸塩である。いずれも公知のものであり、購入して利用することができる。本実施形態において、層状ケイ酸塩としてマイカを用いることが特に好ましい。
本実施形態に係る炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料を製造するための溶融混練工程において用いる装置としては、せん断流動場の付与に限定されず伸長場も付与できる装置であれば好適である。たとえば、図3においてスクリューとシリンダーの間でせん断流動場が付与され、スクリュー帰還穴44を通る際には伸長場が付与される。このような場を付与できる装置であれば良い。
本実施例においては、高分子材料としてポリアミド6(ユニチカ社製M1040)を用いた。炭素繊維として、SGLカーボン社製SIGRAFIL C30 S006 PUTを用いた。また、最初からポリアミド6に炭素繊維が30%質量部含有して市販されている三菱レーヨン社製パイロフィルペレット(N6MR-C-30B)も比較として用いた。ナノフィラーとして、マイカ(コープケミカル社製ソマシフ MEE)を用いた。各炭素繊維強化プラスチック原料の混合比は、ポリアミド6:炭素繊維:マイカ=70:30:5とした。
実施例として、ナノフィラーとして、マイカに替えてクレー(Southern Clay Product社製Cloisite 30B)を用いた。その他の条件は、実施例1と同様であるため、詳細な説明は省略する。なお、スクリューの回転速度を300 rpm(実施例4)及び900 rpm(実施例5)で、それぞれ1分間、溶融混練した。
また、ナノフィラーを添加しない市販の炭素繊維強化プラスチック(ポリアミド6:炭素繊維=70:30)を比較例1とした。
本実施例においては、高分子材料としてポリアミド610(東レ製アミランCM2001)を用いた。炭素繊維として、SGLカーボン社製SIGRAFIL C30 S006 PUTを用いた。ナノフィラーとして、マイカ(コープケミカル社製ソマシフ MEE)を用いた。各炭素繊維強化プラスチック原料の混合比は、ポリアミド610:炭素繊維:マイカ=70:30:5とした。また、ナノフィラーを添加しないポリアミド610:炭素繊維=70:30の組成のものを比較例2として用いた。スクリュー回転速度は900 rpmでそれぞれ1分間、溶融混練した。
炭素繊維強化プラスチックを添加せず、高分子材料としてポリアミド12(EMS社製Grilamid L25)を用いた。ナノフィラーとして、マイカ(コープケミカル社製ソマシフ MEE)を用いて、ポリアミド12:マイカ=85:15の組成にて、スクリューの回転速度を900 rpmで1分間、溶融混練したものを比較例3とした。
実施例及び比較例の炭素繊維強化プラスチックのシートをカッターで打ち抜いて、ダンベル状試験片とした。引張特性の試験は、ASTM D638に規定された方法に準拠して行った。応力−ひずみ曲線は、オリエンテック社製引張試験機(テンシロンUTM−300)を用いて引張モードで測定した。本試験は、23℃、相対湿度50%の雰囲気で、クロスヘッド速度10 mm/minで行った。
上記、実施例におけるポリアミド6中における層状ケイ酸塩(マイカ)の分散状態を把握するため、実施例の同じ加工条件を用いて、試料を作製した。この場合、炭素繊維は観察視野でのサイズが大きすぎて層状ケイ酸塩の分散状態が不明瞭になるのを防ぐため、炭素繊維を添加せずに試料を作製した。すなわち、構造観察ように作製した試料の組成は、ポリアミド6:マイカ=100:5である。このポリアミド6/マイカ系の構造観察に際し、試料を包埋し、超薄切片を作製して透過電子顕微鏡(TEM)観察に供した。TEM観察は、LEO 922を使用し、加速電圧200 kVにて測定した。
Claims (11)
- 高分子材料30質量部以上90質量部以下と、炭素繊維70質量部以下10質量部以上の計100質量部に対して、ナノフィラー2質量部以上30質量部以下とを含有し、前記ナノフィラーの平均アスペクト比(長さ/幅)が20以上である炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料であって、
前記炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料の切片の透過電子顕微鏡による観察において、前記炭素繊維と前記ナノフィラーとは、前記炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料に無配向に分散していることを特徴とする炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料。 - 前記ナノフィラーの平均アスペクト比(長さ/幅)が50以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料。
- ポリアミド樹脂30質量部以上90質量部以下と、炭素繊維70質量部以下10質量部以上の計100質量部に対して、層状ケイ酸塩2質量部以上30質量部以下を含有する炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料であって、
前記炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料の切片の透過電子顕微鏡による観察において、前記炭素繊維と層が剥離した前記層状ケイ酸塩とは、前記炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料に無配向に分散していることを特徴とする炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料。 - 前記炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料の引張弾性率が6000 MPa以上であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料。
- 前記高分子材料は、熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂、エラストマー又はゴムから選択されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料。
- 前記層状ケイ酸塩はマイカであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料。
- 前記マイカは、平均アスペクト比(長さ/幅)が20以上好ましくは50以上であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料。
- 高分子材料30質量部以上90質量部以下と、炭素繊維70質量部以下10質量部以上の計100質量部に対して、層状のナノフィラー2質量部以上30質量部以下とを含有し、前記層状のナノフィラーの層数が6以下である炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料であって、前記炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料の切片の透過電子顕微鏡による観察において、前記炭素繊維と前記層状のナノフィラーとは、前記炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料に無配向に分散していることを特徴とする炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料。
- 請求項1に記載の炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料を含むことを特徴とする自動車用部品。
- 請求項1に記載の炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料を含むことを特徴とするスポーツ用部品。
- 請求項1に記載の炭素繊維強化プラスチック材料を含むことを特徴とする情報端末機器用部品。
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