JP6033341B2 - 黄色ブドウ球菌感染の治療または予防のための組成物および方法ならびに表面上にいる黄色ブドウ球菌の根絶または低減のための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
黄色ブドウ球菌感染の治療または予防のための組成物および方法ならびに表面上にいる黄色ブドウ球菌の根絶または低減のための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、米国特許法第119条により、2009年1月6日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/142,714号;2009年2月17日に出願された同第61/153,274号;および2009年4月20日に出願された同第61/170,915号に係る優先権を主張する。これらの全ての内容はその全体が参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
本開示は、抗生物質組成物などの薬学的組成物を含む組成物、ならびにヒトおよび他の動物において黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)(S.aureus、本明細書ではSAとも呼ばれる)感染を治療または予防するために前記組成物を使用する方法に関する。本開示はまた、消毒剤、殺菌剤、防腐剤、および界面活性剤などの組成物、ならびに黄色ブドウ球菌感染の蔓延を阻止および/または低減する目的で、無生物表面/非生物的表面および生物学的表面(例えば、皮膚、創傷)を含む表面上にいる黄色ブドウ球菌の存在を根絶もしくは低減するために、ならびに/または黄色ブドウ球菌の感染性を減弱するために前記組成物を使用する方法に関する。
黄色ブドウ球菌は単に「スタフ(staph)」と呼ばれることも多く、健康人の皮膚の上または鼻の中によくいる細菌である。staph細菌は、米国における皮膚感染の最もよくある原因の1つである。これらの皮膚感染のほとんどは軽症(例えば、にきび、およびおでき)であり、抗生物質が無くても治療することができる。しかしながら、スタフ細菌は、手術創感染、血流感染、および肺炎などの重篤な感染の原因となることもある。
本開示は、1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素、例えば、膵臓酵素もしくは他の消化管酵素(例えば、ブタ膵臓酵素)、または食物成分を分解する植物由来酵素、真菌由来酵素、もしくは微生物由来酵素を含む薬学的組成物を用いた、MRSA感染およびVRSA感染を含む黄色ブドウ球菌感染の予防および/または治療に関する。本明細書で使用する薬学的組成物は、ヒト適応症または獣医学的適応症に使用することができる。従って、薬学的組成物は、ヒトもしくは他の哺乳動物集団(例えば、ブタ、ウマ、ウシ、ヒツジ、ヤギ、サル、ラット、マウス、ネコ、イヌ)または鳥集団(例えば、アヒル、ガチョウ、ニワトリ、シチメンチョウ)の予防的処置および/もしくは治療的処置に有用であり得る。
[本発明1001]
鳥または哺乳動物における黄色ブドウ球菌(S.aureus)感染を治療または予防するための方法であって、1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含む治療的有効量の薬学的組成物を鳥または哺乳動物に投与する工程を含む、方法。
[本発明1002]
1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素が、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼ、セルロース、スクラーゼ、マルターゼ、パパイン、およびリパーゼからなる群より選択される1種類または複数の種類の酵素を含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1003]
1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素が1種類または複数の種類の膵臓酵素を含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1004]
1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素がブタ酵素を含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1005]
プロテアーゼがキモトリプシンおよびトリプシンを含む、本発明1002の方法。
[本発明1006]
1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素が、独立して、動物供給源、微生物供給源、植物供給源、真菌供給源に由来するか、または合成により調製される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1007]
哺乳動物が、ブタ、ウマ、ウシ、イヌ、ネコ、サル、ラット、マウス、ヒツジ、ヤギ、もしくはヒトであるか、または鳥が、ニワトリ、アヒル、シチメンチョウ、もしくはガチョウである、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1008]
動物供給源がブタ膵臓である、本発明1006の方法。
[本発明1009]
薬学的組成物が、少なくとも1種類のアミラーゼと、キモトリプシンおよびトリプシンを含むプロテアーゼの混合物と、少なくとも1種類のリパーゼとを含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1010]
薬学的組成物が、少なくとも1種類のプロテアーゼおよび少なくとも1種類のリパーゼを含み、全プロテアーゼと全リパーゼとの比(USP単位)が約1:1〜約20:1である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1011]
プロテアーゼとリパーゼとの比が約4:1〜約10:1である、本発明1011の方法。
[本発明1012]
薬学的組成物が、丸剤、錠剤、カプセル剤、カプレット、スプリンクル、クリーム、ローション剤、エアロゾル剤、エマルジョン、散剤、液剤、ゲル、およびそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群より選択される投与製剤である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1013]
薬学的組成物が経口投与用に処方される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1014]
薬学的組成物が局部投与用に処方される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1015]
薬学的組成物が経粘膜投与用に処方される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1016]
薬学的組成物が創傷への適用用に処方される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1017]
黄色ブドウ球菌感染の1つまたは複数の症状を示す哺乳動物または鳥を治療する方法であって、1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含む治療的有効量の組成物を哺乳動物または鳥に投与する工程を含む、方法。
[本発明1018]
βラクタム抗生物質を哺乳動物または鳥に投与する工程をさらに含む、本発明1001または1017の方法。
[本発明1019]
創傷治癒を促進するための、および/または創傷を有する個体における瘢痕化を低減するための方法であって、1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含む薬学的組成物を個体に投与する工程を含む、方法。
[本発明1020]
薬学的組成物が個体の創傷に適用される、本発明1019の方法。
[本発明1021]
創傷が手術創である、本発明1019の方法。
[本発明1022]
表面上にいる黄色ブドウ球菌の量を減らすために、または表面上にいる黄色ブドウ球菌を根絶するために表面を衛生化または消毒するための方法であって、1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含む組成物を該表面に適用する工程を含む、方法。
[本発明1023]
表面が非生物的表面または無生物表面である、本発明1022の方法。
[本発明1024]
表面が医療機器の表面である、本発明1023の方法。
[本発明1025]
医療機器が、メス、ナイフ、ハサミ、スパチュラ、エキスパンダー、クリップ、ピンセット、鏡、開創器、縫合糸、手術用メッシュ、チゼル、ドリル、水準器、ラスプ、ノコギリ、副子、キャリパー、クランプ、鉗子、フック、ランセット、針、カニューレ、キューレット、圧抵器、拡張器、挺子、咬合器、抽出器、プローブ、ステープル、カテーテル、ステント、チューブ、ボウル、トレー、スポンジ、スネア、匙、注射器、ペースメーカー、ねじ、プレート、およびピンより選択される、本発明1024の方法。
[本発明1026]
哺乳動物または鳥の皮膚領域、皮膚組織、または皮膚創傷に存在する黄色ブドウ球菌の量を減らすための方法であって、該皮膚領域、該皮膚組織、または該皮膚創傷に、1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含む組成物を適用する工程を含む、方法。
[本発明1027]
黄色ブドウ球菌または大腸菌(E.coli)に対して>1〜約20のフェノール係数を有する、1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含む消毒剤。
[本発明1028]
黄色ブドウ球菌に対して殺菌性および/または静菌性である、1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含む抗生物質。
[本発明1029]
黄色ブドウ球菌に対して殺菌性および/または静菌性である、1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含む界面活性剤。
[本発明1030]
黄色ブドウ球菌に対して殺菌性および/または静菌性である、1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含む防腐剤。
[本発明1031]
黄色ブドウ球菌に対して殺菌性および/または静菌性である、1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含む消毒剤。
「投与」または「投与する」という用語は、ある投与量の組成物または薬学的組成物を、哺乳動物、鳥、魚、または両生類を含む脊椎動物または無脊椎動物に与える方法をいう。この方法は、任意の経路、例えば、呼吸器内、鼻、局部、経口、静脈内、腹腔内、筋肉内、経粘膜、頬、直腸、腟、または舌下によるものである。好ましい投与方法は、様々な要因、例えば、薬学的組成物の成分、疾患部位、関与する疾患、および疾患の重篤度に応じて変えることができる。
本明細書に記載のように使用するための組成物は1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含んでもよい。理論に拘束されるものではないが、組成物中の消化酵素は黄色ブドウ球菌の細胞壁、膜、および/またはタンパク質構造を分解し、これが静菌活性および/または殺菌活性につながると考えられている。組成物は、黄色ブドウ球菌および大腸菌(E.coli)に対して種特異的な殺菌活性/静菌活性を証明するが、サルモネラ菌(S.enterica)に対して種特異的な殺菌活性/静菌活性を証明しない。このことは、おそらく、これらの2つの生物の脆弱性が、2つの生物に存在する類似のタンパク質配列のタンパク質分解に由来することを証明している。
本明細書に記載の組成物は薬学的組成物として処方されてもよく、例えば、1種類または複数の種類の薬学的に許容される担体または賦形剤を用いて処方された前記の組成物を含んでもよい。薬学的組成物は、ヒトおよび他の動物、例えば、哺乳動物(例えば、ウシ、ウマ、ブタ、ヒツジ、ヤギ、サル、ネコ、イヌ、マウス、ラット)および鳥(ニワトリ、シチメンチョウ、アヒル、ガチョウ)における黄色ブドウ球菌感染を治療または予防するのに有用である。黄色ブドウ球菌感染を治療するための薬学的組成物はまた、本明細書において抗生物質または抗生物質組成物とも呼ばれることもある。
経口薬学的剤形は、固体、ゲル、または液剤である。固体剤形は、錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、および原末である。経口錠剤のタイプには、腸溶錠、糖衣錠、またはフィルムコーティング錠でもよい、圧縮された咀嚼可能なロゼンジおよび錠剤が含まれる。カプセル剤は硬ゼラチンカプセルまたは軟ゼラチンカプセルでもよいのに対して、顆粒剤および散剤は、当業者に公知の他の成分の組み合わせと共に非発泡性または発泡性の形で提供されてもよい。
ある特定の態様において、製剤は、固体剤形、1つの態様では、カプセル剤または錠剤である。錠剤、丸剤、カプセル剤、トローチなどは、以下の成分または同様の性質の化合物:結合剤;潤滑剤;希釈剤;流動化剤;崩壊剤;着色剤;甘味剤;着香剤;湿潤剤;腸溶コーティング(emetic coating);およびフィルムコーティングの1つまたは複数を含有してもよい。結合剤の例には、結晶セルロース、トラガカントゴム、グルコース溶液、アラビアゴム漿、ゼラチン溶液、糖蜜、ポリビニルピロリジン、ポビドン、クロスポビドン、スクロース、およびデンプンのりが含まれる。潤滑剤には、タルク、デンプン、ステアリン酸マグネシウムまたはステアリン酸カルシウム、セキショウシ、およびステアリン酸が含まれる。希釈剤には、例えば、ラクトース、スクロース、デンプン、カオリン、塩、マンニトール、およびリン酸二カルシウムが含まれる。流動化剤には、コロイド状二酸化ケイ素が含まれるが、これに限定されない。崩壊剤には、クロスカルメロース(crosscarmellose)ナトリウム、デンプングリコール酸ナトリウム、アルギン酸、トウモロコシデンプン、バレイショデンプン、ベントナイト、メチルセルロース、寒天、およびカルボキシメチルセルロースが含まれる。着色剤には、例えば、任意の認可された水溶性FD & C色素、その混合物;および水酸化アルミニウム(alumina hydrate)上で懸濁された水不溶性のFD & C色素が含まれる。甘味剤には、スクロース、ラクトース、マンニトール、および人工甘味剤、例えば、サッカリン、ならびに多数の噴霧乾燥着香剤が含まれる。着香剤には、ペパーミントおよびサリチル酸メチルなどがあるが、これに限定されない、果実などの植物から抽出された天然着香剤、および好ましい感覚を生じる化合物の合成ブレンドが含まれる。湿潤剤には、プロピレングリコールモノステアレート、ソルビタンモノオレエート、ジエチレングリコールモノラウレート、およびポリオキシエチレンラウラル(laural)エーテルが含まれる。腸溶コーティングには、脂肪酸、脂肪、ろう、シェラック、アンモニアを含むシェラック、および酢酸フタル酸セルロースが含まれる。フィルムコーティングには、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、ポリエチレングリコール4000、および酢酸フタル酸セルロースが含まれる。
液剤経口剤形には、非発泡性顆粒剤から再構成された水溶液、エマルジョン、懸濁液、溶液、および/もしくは懸濁液、ならびに発泡性顆粒剤から再構成された発泡性調製物が含まれる。水溶液には、例えば、エリキシル剤およびシロップが含まれる。エマルジョンは水中油型または油中水型である。
非経口投与もまた本明細書において意図され、1つの態様では、皮下、筋肉内、または静脈内いずれかの注射を特徴とする。注射剤は、液体溶液もしくは懸濁液として従来の形で、注射の前に液体に溶解して溶液もしくは懸濁液するのに適した固体の形で、またはエマルジョンとして調製することができる。注射剤、溶液、およびエマルジョンはまた1種類または複数の種類の賦形剤を含有する。適切な賦形剤は、例えば、水、食塩水、デキストロース、グリセロール、またはエタノールである。さらに、所望であれば、投与しようとする薬学的組成物はまた、微量の無毒の補助的な物質、例えば、湿潤剤または乳化剤、pH緩衝剤、安定剤、溶解増強剤、ならびに他のこのような薬剤、例えば、酢酸ナトリウム、ソルビタンモノラウレート、オレイン酸トリエタノールアミン、およびシクロデキストリンを含有してもよい。
本明細書においては凍結乾燥散剤も関心対象である。凍結乾燥散剤は、溶液、エマルジョン、および他の混合物として投与するために再構成することができる。凍結乾燥散剤はまた固体またはゲルとして再構成および処方することもできる。
局所投与および全身投与について述べたように局部混合物を調製することができる。結果として生じる混合物は溶液、懸濁液、エマルジョンなどでもよく、クリーム、ゲル、軟膏、エマルジョン、散剤、溶液、エリキシル剤、ローション剤、懸濁液、チンキ剤、パスタ剤、発泡体、エアロゾル剤、灌注剤、スプレー剤、坐剤、包帯、皮膚パッチ、または局部投与に適した他の任意の製剤として処方される。
他の投与経路、例えば、イオン泳動装置および電気泳動装置を含む経皮パッチ、ならびに直腸投与も本明細書において意図される。
消化酵素を望ましい標的に送達するために持効性製剤も提供される。消化酵素の水準は、所望に応じて、ある特定の期間にわたって維持され、当業者によって容易に決定できることが理解される。このような持効性製剤および/または時限放出製剤は、当業者に周知の送達装置の持効性手段によって、例えば、米国特許第3,845,770号;同第3,916,899号;同第3,536,809号;同第3,598,123号;同第4,008,719号;同第4,710,384号;同第5,674,533号;同第5,059,595号;同第5,591,767号;同第5,120,548号;同第5,073,543号;同第5,639,476号;同第5,354,556および5,733,566号に記載の持効性手段によって作ることができる。これらの開示はそれぞれ参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。これらの薬学的組成物は、例えば、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、他のポリマーマトリックス、ゲル、透析膜、浸透圧システム、多層コーティング、微小粒子、リポソーム、マイクロスフェアなどを用いて1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素をゆっくりと放出するために、または持効放出するために使用することができる。本明細書において提供される薬学的組成物と共に使用するために、本明細書に記載の持効性製剤を含む当業者に公知の適切な持効性製剤を容易に選択することができる。従って、持効放出に合わせられた、錠剤、カプセル剤、ゲルキャップ(gelcap)、カプレット、散剤などがあるが、これに限定されない経口投与に適した単一単位剤形が本明細書において意図される。
薬学的組成物は単独で、および/または他の治療剤もしくは抗生物質(例えば、抗黄色ブドウ球菌)療法と組み合わせて使用することができる。例えば、黄色ブドウ球菌感染の他の局面(例えば、疼痛、組織損傷)に対処するために、または患者が直面している可能性のある他の病気に対処するために、患者には、抗炎症薬または麻酔剤などの他の治療剤を投与することができる。他の態様において、患者には、本明細書に記載の薬学的組成物および1種類または複数の種類のさらなる抗生物質を投与することができる。1種類または複数の種類のさらなる抗生物質は、黄色ブドウ球菌もしくは他の細菌またはその両方(例えば、患者が多重感染している場合)に対して有効でもよく、本発明の薬学的組成物と同じ形式または異なる形式でもよい(例えば、液剤でもよく、局部用抗生物質でもよい)。主なクラスの抗生物質は、(1)ペニシリン、セファロスポリン、およびモノバクタムを含む、β-ラクタム;(2)アミノグリコシド、例えば、ゲンタマイシン、トブラマイシン、ネチルマイシン(netilmycin)、およびアミカシン;(3)テトラサイクリン;(4)スルホンアミドおよびトリメトプリム;(5)フルオロキノロン、例えば、シプロフロキサシン、ノルフロキサシン、およびオフロキサシン;(6)バンコマイシン;(7)例えば、エリスロマイシン、アジスロマイシン、およびクラリスロマイシンを含む、マクロライド;ならびに(8)他の抗生物質、例えば、ポリミキシン、クロラムフェニコール、およびリンコサミドである。
本明細書に記載の1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含む組成物はまた、消毒剤および殺菌剤として、例えば、非限定的に、病院、ヘルスケア、家庭、および共同体の環境にいる黄色ブドウ球菌を根絶する、減弱する、または低減することによって、このような場所における無生物物体および無生物表面を消毒するために使用することもできる。消毒剤は、微生物を破壊するために非生物的物体に適用される抗菌剤である。消毒剤は、一般的に、体内にいる細菌を破壊する抗生物質、および生組織の上にいる微生物を破壊する防腐剤と区別すべきである。殺菌剤は、微生物の数を安全なレベルまで減らす消毒剤である。殺菌剤の定義の1つは、殺菌剤が、5対数減少として知られる、特定の細菌試験集団の99.999%を死滅させ、かつ30秒以内に死滅させることができなければならないと述べている。殺菌剤と消毒剤との主な違いは、指定された使用希釈度において、病原性細菌に対する消毒剤の殺傷能力が殺菌剤と比較して高くなければならないことである。
本明細書に記載の1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含む消毒剤組成物はまた界面活性剤としても処方することもできる。界面活性剤は、洗浄を助けることを目的とした材料である。界面活性剤は、その消毒能力を維持するのに適した製剤の中に、前記の1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含有してもよく、任意の活性成分または不活性成分、例えば、酵素安定剤、さらなる消毒剤、漂白剤、セッケン、界面活性剤、着色剤および芳香剤、研磨剤、pH調節剤、酸、アルカリ、または腐食性化合物、硬水軟化剤、酸化剤、懸濁剤、柔軟仕上げ剤、発泡剤または消泡剤、粘度調節剤、腐食防止剤、ならびに蛍光増白剤を含有してもよい。本明細書に記載の界面活性剤は、黄色ブドウ球菌に対して静菌性および/または殺菌性でもよく、一部の態様では、MRSAもしくはVRSAまたはその両方に対して静菌性および/または殺菌性でもよい。
1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含む組成物の様々な態様はまた、防腐剤として、例えば、皮膚または他の生組織の上にいる黄色ブドウ球菌を低減する、根絶する、または減弱するための防腐剤として使用することもできる。防腐剤は、感染、敗血症、または腐敗の可能性を減らすために生きている組織/皮膚に適用される抗菌性物質である。防腐剤は、一般的に、体内にいる細菌を破壊する抗生物質、および非生物物体の上に見られる微生物を破壊する消毒剤と区別すべきである。防腐剤の中には、微生物を破壊することができる(殺菌性の)本当の殺菌薬もあり、静菌性で、微生物増殖の阻止または阻害しかしないものもある。
キットも本明細書において提供される。典型的には、キットは、本明細書に記載の1種類または複数の種類の組成物を含む。ある特定の態様において、キットは、1つもしくは複数の送達システムもしくは投与システム、例えば、前記で提供された組成物を送達もしくは投与するための送達システムもしくは投与システム、および/またはキットの使用説明書(例えば、患者を治療するための説明書;表面を消毒するための説明書)を含んでもよい。別の態様において、キットは、本明細書に記載の組成物、およびラベル、例えば、黄色ブドウ球菌に感染している患者に内容物が投与されることを表示するラベル、または消毒剤、殺菌剤、界面活性剤、もしくは防腐剤としての組成物の使用方法に関するラベルを含んでもよい。
前記の薬学的組成物(例えば、抗生物質組成物)は、動物、例えば、哺乳動物および鳥における黄色ブドウ球菌感染を治療または予防するために使用することができる。特に、薬学的組成物は、このような感染の1つもしくは複数の症状および副作用を寛解させるために、ならびに/または感染を引き起こす黄色ブドウ球菌細菌を低減もしくは根絶するために使用することができる。薬学的組成物は、前記の任意の適切な剤形をとることができる。ある特定の態様では、本明細書に記載の抗生物質組成物は、感染している創傷または病変、例えば、外傷または外科手術に起因する創傷を治療するために用いられる。このような使用は、感染創のある患者において瘢痕化を低減し、創傷治癒を促進することができる。薬学的使用のために処方された組成物はまた、予防的に、例えば、防腐剤として使用することもできる。このような組成物は、特に、黄色ブドウ球菌感染を予防するための、外科的切開および他の創傷の予防的処置において用いられる。
薬、または消毒剤/殺菌剤、界面活性剤、もしくは防腐剤の形式で本明細書において説明された組成物はまた様々な獣医学分野において使用することもできる。例えば、イヌ、ネコ、およびウシを含む多くの哺乳動物は黄色ブドウ球菌に感染するか、または細菌のキャリアとしてふるまうことがある。ウシ乳房炎は、しばしば、黄色ブドウ球菌感染によって引き起こされる。従って、感染を治療するために、またはヒトを含む他の動物への伝播を阻止するために、本発明の組成物を用いて、黄色ブドウ球菌に感染している動物または黄色ブドウ球菌を保有していると疑われる動物を治療することができる。消毒剤組成物および界面活性剤組成物は、動物の飼育区域および動物と接する設備を処理するのに使用することができるのに対して、防腐剤および抗生物質製剤は、感染を予防または治療するために動物を処置するのに使用することができる。
牛肉、鳥肉、魚、および豚肉へのSA感染または大腸菌感染を予防する方法も本明細書において提供される。牛肉加工は一般的な汚染箇所である。すなわち、屠畜工程中に、腸の内容物または獣皮に付いている糞便材料が肉と混ざることがあり、従って、細菌は温かい湿った状態において増殖することが可能になる。次いで、感染部分がひかれれば、細菌は、切断面から、ひかれた塊の内部に移る。さらに、牛ひき肉の製造では、複数のウシの肉が一緒にひかれることが多く、このために、汚染は1匹の動物から牛ひき肉全体に感染する。従って、一部の態様では、感染の低減は、1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素をウシに投与して、ウシの腸内の細菌の存在を減らすことによって行うことができる。投与は、注射を含む任意の利用可能な方法によって、および1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を飼料に導入することによって行うことができる。別の態様において、屠畜および肉挽きの間の肉汚染の低減は、本明細書において提供される1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を含有するスプレー剤を使用することによって提供することができる。このようなスプレー剤は、例えば、屠畜および肉挽きの機器の消毒において、または、ひき肉それ自体の消毒において使用することができる。さらに、前記の方法は、屠畜の間に、ならびに(例えば、1種類または複数の種類の消化酵素を、屠畜前の鳥、魚、および/またはブタに投与することによって)鳥肉製品、魚製品、および豚肉製品の処理の間に使用することができる。
本明細書に記載の組成物の様々な活性は、当業者に公知の方法によって評価することができる。例えば、酵素活性は、標準的な酵素アッセイを用いて評価することができる。前記のように当業者に公知の方法によって、組成物の最小阻止濃度(MIC)も評価することができる。フェノール係数を含む他のアッセイも当業者に周知である。以下の実施例も参照されたい。
約200 USP単位/mgのプロテアーゼ、約40 USP単位/mgのリパーゼ、および約250 USP単位/mgのアミラーゼを含有する乾燥膵臓酵素組成物を、様々な希釈剤(水、食塩水、リン酸緩衝溶液、pH安定化溶液)を用いて、任意で、他の活性添加物または不活性添加物(酵素安定化システム、緩衝液、着色剤、殺菌剤、界面活性剤、消毒剤、防腐剤)を用いて希釈して、本明細書に記載の使用のための例示的な液体組成物を形成することができる。一部の態様において、乾燥酵素組成物は、乾燥酵素組成物mg:全希釈剤mlの比を、1mg酵素組成物:1ml全希釈剤〜1mg酵素組成物:10,000ml全希釈剤の範囲内、またはこの間の任意の値、例えば、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、1:7、1:8、1:9、1:10、1:20、1:50、1:100、1:200、1:500、1:1000、1:5000、または1:10,000にして希釈することができる。
約200 USP単位/mgのプロテアーゼ、約40 USP単位/mgのリパーゼ、および約250 USP単位/mgのアミラーゼを含有する乾燥膵臓酵素組成物を、様々な活性または不活性の乾燥成分および添加物(例えば、乾燥した界面活性剤、消毒剤、防腐剤、および殺菌剤、例えば、アルキルエトキシレートサルフェース(alkyl ethoxylate sulface)、SDS、ラウレス硫酸ナトリウム(sodium laureth sulfate)、ドデシルベンゼン、4-ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム、酵素安定化システム、賦形剤、着色剤)と混合して、例示的な固体組成物を形成することができる。一部の態様において、1mg酵素組成物:1mg全添加物〜1mg酵素組成物:10,000mg全添加物の範囲内で、またはこの間の任意の値、例えば、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、1:7、1:8、1:9、1:10、1:20、1:50、1:100、1:200、1:500、1:1000、1:5000、または1:10,000で、乾燥酵素組成物を全添加物mgと混合することができる。
約200 USP単位/mgのプロテアーゼ、約40 USP単位/mgのリパーゼ、および約250 USP単位/mgのアミラーゼを含有する乾燥膵臓酵素組成物を、局部薬学的製剤に適した様々な担体と共に、約1mg酵素組成物:1mg担体〜約1mg酵素組成物:約200mgの担体、またはこの間の任意の値(例えば、1:2、1:4、1:5、1:10、1:20、1:30、1:40、1:50、1:75、1:100、1:150)の比で混合することができる。例えば、1つの態様では、1:25の比が用いられ、担体はワセリンである。
驚いたことに、本発明者らは、約200 USP単位/mgのプロテアーゼ活性、約40 USP単位/mgのリパーゼ活性、および250 USP単位/mgのアミラーゼ活性を含む乾燥ブタ膵臓酵素組成物に対して細菌限度試験を行っている間に、この材料の様々な希釈液の存在下では黄色ブドウ球菌細菌が増殖しないことを発見した。黄色ブドウ球菌が「加えられた」正の対照からの黄色ブドウ球菌CFUの回収率は一貫して低い〜全く無かった。非カプセル化型および脂質カプセル化型(組成物に対して20重量%のダイズ油)の乾燥組成物の希釈細菌限度試験から、既知CFU数の黄色ブドウ球菌が添加された正の対照からの細菌の回収率は極めて少ない〜全く無いことが証明された。このような回収法の間に回収がないことは、組成物の静菌性および/または殺菌性を示唆している。
試料材料
ブタ(Sus scrofa)から単離した非カプセル化ブタ膵臓酵素濃縮物(uPEC)は、約200U/mgプロテアーゼ活性、40Uリパーゼ活性/mg、および250Uアミラーゼ活性/mgを含有するように商業的供給業者(Scientific Protein Labs)によって製造された。この材料の脂質カプセル化バージョン(ePEC)は、流動層プロセスの改良版を用いて入手し、次いで、高度に精製された全水素化有機油(全水素化ダイズ油)を用いて、酵素粒子を、最終粒子に対して約20%の重量パーセントでコーティングした。
ePECおよびuPECをどちらも微生物検出のための標準的な微生物分析にかけた。USPの方法に従う微生物限度試験を用いて、両組成物とも重大な汚染を示さなかった。さらに、両試料とも、サルモネラ属の種および大腸菌について陰性/10gであった。簡単に述べると、微生物学的適性(すなわち、生存可能な微生物の総数および特定の生物が無いことの評価)について試験組成物を試験するための手順の概略は、USP、第61章、「Microbial Limit Tests」において述べられている。USP61は予備試験の概略について述べている。予備試験の間に、生存可能な生物の増殖を試験組成物それ自体がもはや阻止しない試験パラメータが求められる。USP1227(「Validation」)もまた回収方法を検証する案内となる。好気性微生物の総数、大腸菌、およびサルモネラ属の種を評価するための方法を行った。
ePECおよびuPECの大量希釈液を、4%ポリソルベート20および0.5%レシチンを含有するトリプティックソイブロスに1:10、1:50、1;100、および1:200で溶解して調製した。次いで、大量試験試料希釈液を別個の10mlアリコートに分け、次いで、10mlアリコートに、少数のコロニー形成単位(CFU<100/mL)の適切な微生物(黄色ブドウ球菌、緑膿菌(P.aeruginosa)、大腸菌、サルモネラ菌)を播種した。1ミリメートル(millimeter)の播種されたアリコートを、適切な固体培地(寒天)を用いて2回繰り返してプレートした。試験試料と同様に、正の対照を調製し、播種し、プレートした。試験試料と同様に、負の対照を調製し、無菌試薬を播種し、プレートした。プレートを30℃〜35℃で2日間インキュベートした。この期間の終わりに、回収率を計算した。試験組成物による増殖阻止が無いことを示すためには、播種された生物の回収率は、正の対照の少なくとも70%でなければならない。塩化トリフェニルテトラゾリウムを用いて、プレートを計数した。
4%ポリソルベート20および0.5%レシチンを含有するラクトースブロスを用いて調製された希釈液に、<=100CFUのサルモネラ菌を播種した。播種された希釈液を30℃〜35℃で24時間インキュベートした後に、1mlを、セレナイトシスチンおよびテトラチオネートブロスの両方に移した。選択ブロスを30℃〜35℃で18時間インキュベートした後に、ブリリアントグリーン、亜硫酸ビスマス、キシロースリジンデオキシコール酸寒天に画線した。選択寒天プレートを30℃〜35℃で24時間インキュベートした。サルモネラ属の種のコロニー特徴についてプレートを観察した。観察された場合に、代表的なコロニーが、API 20e生化学的同定試験を用いてサルモネラ属の種であると確かめられた。
4%ポリソルベート20および0.5%レシチンを含有するラクトースブロスを用いて調製された希釈液に、<=100CFUの大腸菌を播種した。播種された希釈液を30℃〜35℃で24時間インキュベートした後に、マッコンキー(MacKonkey)寒天に画線した。大腸菌のコロニー特徴についてプレートを観察した。観察された場合に、代表的なコロニーが、API 20e生化学的同定試験を用いて大腸菌であると確かめられた。
好気性微生物の総数:
コーティングされていないPEC(uPEC)を用いた試験結果を、以下の表1に示した。示したように、1:50、1:100、および1:200の希釈度については、黄色ブドウ球菌のパーセント回収率は0%であった。このことは、黄色ブドウ球菌に対するuPECの殺菌作用および/または静菌作用を証明している。
前記のコーティングされていないPEC製剤を用いて、製剤の殺菌活性を評価した。
uPECの大量希釈液を、1:100および1:200で、4%ポリソルベート20および0.5%レシチンを含有するトリプティックソイブロスに溶解して調製した。次いで、大量希釈液を別個の10mlアリコートに分けた。次いで、10mlアリコートに少数のコロニー形成単位(CFU<100)の適切な微生物を播種した。1ミリメートルの播種されたアリコートを、適切な固体培地(寒天)を用いて2回繰り返してプレートした。試験試料と同様に、正の対照を調製し、播種し、プレートした。試験試料と同様に、負の対照を調製し、無菌試薬を播種し、プレートした。プレートを30℃〜35℃で2日間インキュベートした。この初回インキュベーションの後に、PECを除去するために、培養材料を収集し、リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)で洗浄し、濾過した。前記のように、材料をトリプティックソイブロスに希釈して懸濁し、新鮮な固体(寒天)培地に再プレートし、さらに2日間インキュベートした。この期間に終わりに、コロニーを数え上げ、パーセント回収率を計算した。この期間の終わりに、回収率を計算した。増殖阻止を示すためには、播種された生物の回収率は少なくとも70%でなければならない。塩化トリフェニルテトラゾリウムを用いて、プレートを計数した。
4%ポリソルベート20および0.5%レシチンを含有するラクトースブロスを用いて調製された希釈液に、<=100CFUの大腸菌を播種した。播種された希釈液を30℃〜35℃で24時間インキュベートした後に、マッコンキー寒天に画線した。大腸菌のコロニー特徴についてプレートを観察した。観察された場合に、代表的なコロニーが、API 20e生化学的同定試験を用いて大腸菌であると確かめられた。
コーティングされていないuPECを用いた試験結果を、以下の表3および表4に示した。これは、uPECとのインキュベーション後および洗浄後に、細菌のみを再プレートした後の細菌の回収率を示している。表3に示したように、1:100、および1:200の希釈度については、黄色ブドウ球菌のパーセント回収率は、それぞれ、13%および48%であった。このことは、黄色ブドウ球菌に対するuPECの殺菌作用を証明している。表4に示したように、黄色ブドウ球菌のパーセント回収率は、1:20の希釈度については2%、1:40の希釈度については4%、1:80の希釈度については23%である。
Claims (15)
- 黄色ブドウ球菌(S.aureus)感染の治療または予防において使用するための薬学的組成物であって、該薬学的組成物は、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼ、およびリパーゼを含む消化酵素を含み、該組成物は黄色ブドウ球菌に対して殺菌性または静菌性であり、該組成物は経粘膜投与用または局部投与用に処方されるものであり、かつ該薬学的組成物中のプロテアーゼおよびリパーゼ(USP単位)が約1:1〜約20:1のプロテアーゼとリパーゼとの比で存在する、薬学的組成物。
- βラクタム抗生物質と組み合わせて投与されるものである、請求項1記載の薬学的組成物。
- セルラーゼ、スクラーゼ、およびマルターゼからなる群より選択される1種類または複数の種類の酵素をさらに含む、請求項1または2記載の薬学的組成物。
- 消化酵素が、独立して、微生物供給源、植物供給源に由来するか、または合成により調製される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の薬学的組成物。
- 微生物供給源が真菌供給源である、請求項4記載の薬学的組成物。
- 消化酵素が、独立して、動物供給源に由来する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の薬学的組成物。
- 動物供給源がブタ膵臓である、請求項6記載の薬学的組成物。
- 薬学的組成物中のプロテアーゼおよびリパーゼ(USP単位)が約4:1、約7:1、約10:1、または約12:1のプロテアーゼとリパーゼとの比で存在する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項記載の薬学的組成物。
- 薬学的組成物中のプロテアーゼおよびリパーゼ(USP単位)が約4:1のプロテアーゼとリパーゼとの比で存在する、請求項8記載の薬学的組成物。
- 薬学的組成物中のプロテアーゼおよびリパーゼ(USP単位)が約7:1のプロテアーゼとリパーゼとの比で存在する、請求項8記載の薬学的組成物。
- 薬学的組成物中のプロテアーゼおよびリパーゼ(USP単位)が約10:1のプロテアーゼとリパーゼとの比で存在する、請求項8記載の薬学的組成物。
- 薬学的組成物中のプロテアーゼおよびリパーゼ(USP単位)が約12:1のプロテアーゼとリパーゼとの比で存在する、請求項8記載の薬学的組成物。
- 薬学的組成物中のプロテアーゼおよびリパーゼ(USP単位)が約4:1〜約10:1のプロテアーゼとリパーゼとの比で存在する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項記載の薬学的組成物。
- 経粘膜投与用に処方される、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項記載の薬学的組成物。
- 局部投与用に処方される、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項記載の薬学的組成物。
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EP2663367A4 (en) | 2011-01-10 | 2014-08-06 | Cleveland Biolabs Inc | USE OF A TOLL-TYPE RECEPTOR AGONIST FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER |
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US20130224172A1 (en) | 2012-01-03 | 2013-08-29 | Curemark, Llc | Methods of treating behavioral symptoms of neurological and mental disorders |
CA2862363C (en) * | 2012-02-02 | 2021-06-08 | Joan M. Fallon | Enzyme compositions and use thereof for wound healing |
US10350278B2 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2019-07-16 | Curemark, Llc | Methods of treating Celiac disease |
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