JP5954013B2 - 半導体素子実装部材及び半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体素子実装部材及び半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5954013B2 JP5954013B2 JP2012160043A JP2012160043A JP5954013B2 JP 5954013 B2 JP5954013 B2 JP 5954013B2 JP 2012160043 A JP2012160043 A JP 2012160043A JP 2012160043 A JP2012160043 A JP 2012160043A JP 5954013 B2 JP5954013 B2 JP 5954013B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/12—Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates
- H01L23/13—Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates characterised by the shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/28—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection
- H01L23/29—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection characterised by the material, e.g. carbon
- H01L23/293—Organic, e.g. plastic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/495—Lead-frames or other flat leads
- H01L23/49503—Lead-frames or other flat leads characterised by the die pad
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/495—Lead-frames or other flat leads
- H01L23/49503—Lead-frames or other flat leads characterised by the die pad
- H01L23/49513—Lead-frames or other flat leads characterised by the die pad having bonding material between chip and die pad
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
- H01L24/32—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of an individual layer connector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/04026—Bonding areas specifically adapted for layer connectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/05—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process of an individual bonding area
- H01L2224/0554—External layer
- H01L2224/05599—Material
- H01L2224/056—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/05601—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of less than 400°C
- H01L2224/05611—Tin [Sn] as principal constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Description
前記第2領域の輪郭の一部は、前記半導体素子の実装側主面の輪郭に沿うように設けられていてもよい。
前記第2領域の輪郭の一部は、前記共通の1つの矩形状の輪郭に沿うように設けられていてもよい。
前記第2領域は、前記素子実装部の最も外側の領域であってもよい。
前記第2領域は、前記第1領域の両側に張り出していてもよい。
前記第1領域は、前記素子実装部の中心部に向かうように方向付けられていてもよい。
前記第1領域は、直線状に設けられていてもよい。
前記切り欠きは、前記金属領域が1つの島状であるように設けられていてもよい。
前記切り欠きは、前記素子実装部の中心部を挟んで複数設けられていてもよい。
前記素子実装部は上面視で略矩形状であって、前記第2領域は、前記素子実装部の最も外側の領域であって、前記金属領域の角部から離間して設けられていてもよい。
前記半導体素子実装部材は、電気的絶縁性の基体上に前記素子実装部が形成されたものであって、前記基体の前記切り欠きの直下に窪み又は貫通穴が設けられていてもよい。
図1(a)は、実施の形態1に係る半導体装置を示す概略上面図であり、図1(b)は、図1(a)におけるA−A断面を示す概略断面図である。図2(a)は、実施の形態1に係る半導体素子実装部材の素子実装部の一例を示す概略上面図であり、図2(b)は、それとは別の素子実装部の一例を示す概略上面図である。図3(a),(b)は各々、実施の形態1に係る半導体素子実装部材の素子実装部の切り欠きの一例を説明する概略上面図である。
半導体素子10は、少なくとも基板11と、素子構造13と、により構成される。半導体素子10は、発光ダイオード(LED)や半導体レーザ(LD)などの発光素子であってもよいし、トランジスタやサイリスタなどの電子素子であってもよい。半導体素子10の実装側主面の形状は、四角形、特に矩形又は正方形であることが好ましいが、その他の形状であってもよい。半導体素子10(特に基板11)の側面は、上面に対して、略垂直であってもよいし、内側又は外側に傾斜していてもよい。半導体素子10は、p電極とn電極が素子の上面と下面に別個に設けられる、上下電極(対向電極)構造のものが好ましい。上下電極構造は、実装側主面の接合が素子の電気特性、放熱性、信頼性などに影響しやすいので、本発明が特に効果を奏する。また、半導体素子10は、同一面側にp,n両電極を有する構造のものでもよい。その場合、フェイスアップ実装でもフェイスダウン実装でもよいが、ボイドが比較的発生しやすいフェイスアップ実装に適用されることが好ましい。
基板11は、素子構造13を構成する半導体の結晶を成長可能な結晶成長用基板であってもよいし、結晶成長用基板から分離した素子構造13に接合させる接合用基板であってもよい。基板11が導電性を有することで、上下電極(対向電極)構造を採用することができる。また、素子構造13に面内均一に給電しやすく、電力効率を高めやすい。結晶成長用基板としては、サファイア、スピネル、窒化ガリウム、窒化アルミニウム、シリコン、炭化珪素、ガリウム砒素、ガリウム燐、インジウム燐、硫化亜鉛、酸化亜鉛、セレン化亜鉛、ダイヤモンドなどが挙げられる。接合用基板としては、遮光性基板であることが好ましい。遮光性基板は、熱伝導性に優れるものが多く、半導体素子10の放熱性を高めやすい。具体的には、シリコン、炭化珪素、窒化アルミニウム、銅、銅−タングステン、ガリウム砒素、セラミックスなどを用いることができる。なかでも、素子構造13との熱膨張率差の観点では、シリコン、炭化珪素、銅−タングステンが好ましく、費用の観点では、シリコン、銅−タングステンが好ましい。基板11の厚さは、例えば20μm以上1000μm以下であり、基板11の強度や半導体装置100の厚さの観点において、50μm以上500μm以下であることが好ましい。
素子構造13は、半導体層の積層体であり、少なくともn型半導体層とp型半導体層を含み、さらに活性層をその間に介することが好ましい。電極や保護膜を含んでもよい。電極は、下記金属膜15と同様の材料で構成することができる。保護膜は、珪素、チタン、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、タンタル、アルミニウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の元素の酸化物で構成することができる。半導体素子10が発光素子である場合、素子構造13の発光波長は、半導体材料やその混晶比によって、紫外から赤外まで選択することができる。半導体材料としては、蛍光体を効率良く励起できる短波長の光を発光可能な窒化物半導体(主として一般式InxAlyGa1−x−yN(0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1、x+y≦1)で表される)を用いることが好ましい。このほか、InAlGaAs系半導体、InAlGaP系半導体、硫化亜鉛、セレン化亜鉛、炭化珪素などを用いることもできる。
金属膜15が基板11の下面に設けられることで、半導体素子10の実装部材20への接合強度を高めることができ、また低温で高い接合強度が得られやすくなる。また、金属膜15の形状(上面視形状)を、素子実装部31,32の金属領域の形状(上面視形状)と略同じ又は略相似にすることで、半導体素子10のセルフアライメントと、接合部材40中のボイドの発生抑制と、の両効果を得やすくすることもできる。金属膜15の材料としては、金、銀、錫、プラチナ、チタン、アルミニウム、タングステン、パラジウム、ニッケル又はこれらの合金を用いることができる。金属膜15は、単層膜でも多層膜でもよい。金属膜15は、スパッタ法、めっき法、蒸着法などにより形成することができる。なお、金属膜15は省略することもでき、基板11の下面が接合部材40と接していてもよい。
実装部材20は、素子実装部31,32を備える部材である。実装部材20は、多くの場合、素子実装部31,32と、基体25と、を含んで構成される。実装部材20は、凹部(カップ部)を有するものや平板状のものなどを用いることができる。凹部を有するものは光の取り出し効率を高めやすく、平板状のものは半導体素子10を実装しやすい。主として、前者はパッケージ、後者は配線基板の形態である。なお、実装部材は、ランプ型(砲弾型)の半導体装置(発光装置)のように、リードフレームが素子実装部と基体を兼ねる形態であってもよい。
基体25は、素子実装部31,32を保持する部材である。パッケージを構成する基体25としては、基板又は配線を設けた基板を積層したもの、パッケージを成形後に鍍金などにより配線を設けたもの、リードフレームと一体成形されたものなどが挙げられる。パッケージを構成する基体25の材料としては、例えばポリフタルアミドや液晶ポリマーなどの熱可塑性樹脂や、エポキシ樹脂などの熱硬化性樹脂、ガラスエポキシ、下記のようなセラミックスなどが挙げられる。また、半導体素子10からの光を効率良く反射させるために、これらの樹脂に酸化チタンなどの白色顔料を配合してもよい。パッケージの成形方法としては、インサート成形、射出成形、押出成形、トランスファ成形などを用いることができる。配線基板を構成する基体25としては、酸化アルミニウム、窒化アルミニウム、酸化ジルコニウム、窒化ジルコニウム、酸化チタン、窒化チタン又はこれらの混合物を含むセラミックス基板、銅、鉄、ニッケル、クロム、アルミニウム、銀、金、チタン又はこれらの合金を含む金属基板、ガラスエポキシ基板、BTレジン基板、ガラス基板、樹脂基板、紙基板などが挙げられる。ポリイミドなどの可撓性基板(フレキシブル基板)でもよい。
素子実装部31,32は、切り欠き35と、金属領域37と、を含む。素子実装部31,32は、切り欠き35と金属領域37からなってもよい。金属領域37は、半導体素子10が実装される、金属で構成される部位又は部材である。素子実装部31,32は、配線電極部と同様のもの、又は配線電極部と一体化されたもの、であってよい。素子実装部31,32は、例えば「ランド」や「ダイパッド」などと呼ばれるものである。金属領域37は、具体的には、銅、アルミニウム、金、銀、タングステン、パラジウム、鉄、ニッケル、コバルト、モリブデン、クロム、チタン又はこれらの合金、燐青銅、鉄入り銅などで形成されたリードフレームや配線が挙げられる。配線の場合は、これらの材料の単層膜又は多層膜であってよい。また、その表層に、銀、アルミニウム、ロジウム、金、銅、又はこれらの合金などの鍍金や光反射膜が設けられていてもよい。また、金属領域37は、リードフレームなど基体25を兼ねる金属部材にプレス加工やエッチング加工を施すことにより設けることもできる。
接合部材40は、半導体素子10を実装部材20に接合させる部材である。接合部材40は、金、錫、銀、銅、亜鉛、ビスマス、インジウム、アンチモンなどの金属を含み、フラックスとして樹脂や有機溶剤を含んでいてもよい。具体的には、錫−ビスマス系、錫−亜鉛系、錫−銅系、錫−銀系、金−錫系などの各種の半田や金属ペーストが挙げられる。なお、「接合部材」とは、溶融・固化する前の状態、固化した後の状態の両方を含む意味で用いる。
封止部材50は、半導体素子10やワイヤ、素子実装部31,32や配線電極部、接合部材40などを、封止して、埃や外力などから保護する部材である。封止部材50の母材は、電気的絶縁性を有し、素子構造13から出射される光を透過可能(好ましくは透過率70%以上)であればよい。具体的には、シリコーン樹脂、シリコーン変性樹脂、シリコーン変成樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、アクリル樹脂、TPX樹脂、ポリノルボルネン樹脂、又はこれらの樹脂を1種以上含むハイブリッド樹脂が挙げられる。ガラスでもよい。なかでも、シリコーン樹脂は、耐熱性や耐光性に優れ、固化後の体積収縮が少ないため、好ましい。
実施例1の半導体装置は、図1に示す例の構造を有する、表面実装型パッケージのLEDである。
実施例2の半導体装置は、素子実装部の金属領域の切り欠きを除いては、実施例1の半導体装置と同様の構成を有するものである。実施例2の素子実装部の切り欠きは、図2(b)に示すように、略正方形の縁を構成する各辺のほぼ中央に1つずつと、左右の2辺における中央と角部の間に1つずつと、の合計8つ設けられている。上下の2辺にある切り欠きは、実施例1のものと同じである。左右の2辺のほぼ中央にある切り欠きは、幅0.1mm、長さ0.5mmの矩形状である。左右の2辺における中央と角部の間にある切り欠きの第2領域は、幅0.2mm、長さ0.15mmの矩形状であって、素子実装部の最も外側である縁に形成されている。第1領域は、幅0.1mm、長さ0.25mmの矩形状であって、第2領域の片側に寄って該第2領域から内側に延伸して形成されている。そして、6つの切り欠きにおける、第2領域は第1領域より幅広であって、第2領域の第1領域から幅方向に張り出した輪郭は、共通して縦1mm、横1mmの略正方形の輪郭に沿うようになっている。この縦1mm、横1mmの略正方形の領域内において、素子実装部の金属領域が占める割合は、76%である。
参考例1の半導体装置は、素子実装部の金属領域の切り欠きを除いては、実施例1の半導体装置と同様の構成を有するものである。図4は、参考例1に係る素子実装部の概略上面図である。参考例1の素子実装部91の切り欠き95は、図4に示すように、略正方形の縁を構成する各辺のほぼ中央に1つずつ設けられている。この切り欠き95は、幅0.15mm、長さ0.15mmの矩形状であって、素子実装部91(金属領域97)の最も外側である縁に形成されたものであり、第2領域に相当するもののみである。したがって、半導体素子を素子実装部91に接合させた際、切り欠き95は半導体素子の直下にはほぼ存在していない。
実施例1,2及び参考例1の半導体装置における、半導体素子の接合面積をX線検査((株)東研製TUX−3200)で算出して、半導体素子の素子実装部への接合性について評価する。接合部材(ペースト)の塗布径は直径500μm、リフロー条件は最高温度327℃であり280℃以上の加熱時間が86秒である。接合面積は、半導体素子の実装側主面の面積を100%として、それからボイドの面積を差し引いて算出する。なお、素子実装部の半導体素子直下に位置する切り欠きは、ボイドとして加味して算出する。
20…半導体素子実装部材(25…基体、31,32…素子実装部(35…切り欠き(351,353…第1領域、352,354…第2領域)、37…金属領域)
40…接合部材
50…封止部材
100…半導体装置
Claims (12)
- 半導体素子が実装される素子実装部を備え、
前記素子実装部は、上面視において、一部が切り欠かれた金属領域を有し、
前記金属領域の切り欠きは、第1領域と、前記第1領域に連続して且つ前記第1領域より外側にあって前記第1領域よりも幅広である第2領域と、を含み、
前記第1領域の少なくとも一部が前記半導体素子の実装側主面の直下に位置するように設けられており、
前記第2領域の輪郭の一部は、前記半導体素子の実装側主面の輪郭に沿うように設けられている半導体素子実装部材。 - 半導体素子が実装される素子実装部を備え、
前記素子実装部は、上面視において、一部が切り欠かれた金属領域を有し、
前記金属領域の切り欠きは、前記金属領域の縦方向の中央と横方向の中央を各々挟んで2組設けられ、
前記切り欠きは各々、第1領域と、前記第1領域に連続して且つ前記第1領域より外側にあって前記第1領域よりも幅広である第2領域と、を含み、
前記第1領域の少なくとも一部が共通の1つの矩形状の輪郭の内側に位置するように設けられており、
前記第2領域の輪郭の一部は、前記共通の1つの矩形状の輪郭に沿うように設けられている半導体素子実装部材。 - 半導体素子が実装される素子実装部を備え、
前記素子実装部は、上面視において、一部が切り欠かれた金属領域を有し、
前記金属領域の切り欠きは、第1領域と、前記第1領域に連続して且つ前記第1領域より外側にあって前記第1領域よりも幅広である第2領域と、を含み、
前記第1領域の少なくとも一部が前記半導体素子の実装側主面の直下に位置するように設けられており、
前記第1領域は、直線状に設けられている半導体素子実装部材。 - 半導体素子が実装される素子実装部を備え、
前記素子実装部は、上面視において、一部が切り欠かれた金属領域を有し、
前記金属領域の切り欠きは、前記金属領域の縦方向の中央と横方向の中央を各々挟んで2組設けられ、
前記切り欠きは各々、第1領域と、前記第1領域に連続して且つ前記第1領域より外側にあって前記第1領域よりも幅広である第2領域と、を含み、
前記第1領域の少なくとも一部が共通の1つの矩形状の輪郭の内側に位置するように設けられており、
前記第1領域は、直線状に設けられている半導体素子実装部材。 - 前記第2領域は、前記素子実装部の最も外側の領域である請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の半導体素子実装部材。
- 前記第2領域は、前記第1領域の両側に張り出している請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の半導体素子実装部材。
- 前記第1領域は、前記素子実装部の中心部に向かうように方向付けられている請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の半導体素子実装部材。
- 前記切り欠きは、前記金属領域が1つの島状であるように設けられている請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の半導体素子実装部材。
- 前記切り欠きは、前記素子実装部の中心部を挟んで複数設けられている請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の半導体素子実装部材。
- 前記素子実装部は上面視で略矩形状であって、
前記第2領域は、前記素子実装部の最も外側の領域であって、前記金属領域の角部から離間して設けられている請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載の半導体素子実装部材。 - 前記半導体素子実装部材は、電気的絶縁性の基体上に前記素子実装部が形成されたものであって、
前記基体の前記切り欠きの直下に窪み又は貫通穴が設けられている請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の半導体素子実装部材。 - 請求項1乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の半導体素子実装部材の前記素子実装部に半導体素子が実装されている半導体装置。
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EP2688095A2 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
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US10068821B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 |
CN103579129B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
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US20140021595A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
CN103579129A (zh) | 2014-02-12 |
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