JP5943264B2 - 非水性電解液及びリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
非水性電解液及びリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 37
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 sultone compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical group [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VIEVWNYBKMKQIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co]=O.[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Mn].[Li] VIEVWNYBKMKQIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AVTOEKKTKXLWDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylene;1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C#C.O=C1OCCO1 AVTOEKKTKXLWDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015644 LiMn 2 - z Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940117841 methacrylic acid copolymer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Description
[発明を実施するための形態]
(CF3SO2)2、 LiBF4、LiBF6、LiSbF6、LiN(C2F5SO2)2、LiAlO4、LiAlCl4、LiSO3CF3及びLiClO4等のリチウム二次電池の電解液に通常使用されるリチウム塩が使用することができ、これらは単独で用いることができ、2種以上が混合して用いられることができる。
[電解液の製造]
エチレンカーボネート(EC):エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)=3:7(体積比)の組成を有する有機溶媒及び1.0MのLiPF6を含む混合溶媒に、電解液の総量を基準に、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)3重量%、1,3−プロパンスルトン1.5重量%及び硫酸エチレン1.5重量%を添加し、LiODFB 1重量%及びTMSP0.2重量%をさらに添加して、非水性電解液を製造した。
LiTFOP1重量%及びTMSP0.2重量%で添加したことを除いては、実施例1と同一の条件で、非水性電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
LiBOB1重量%及びTMSP0.2重量%添加したことを除いては、実施例1と同一の条件で、非水性電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
添加剤としてのオキサラト錯体を負イオンとするリチウム塩及びTMSPを含まない電解液を製造したことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして、非水性電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例1から3のリチウム二次電池を−30℃でSOC(充電深度)別で0.5Cから4Cで10秒間の充電及び放電して発生する電圧差で、低温での充放電出力を計算した。その結果をそれぞれ図1及び図2に示す。
実施例1から3及び比較例1のリチウム二次電池を45℃の温度環境で1C=800mAの定電流で充電し、電池の電圧が4.2Vになった後は4.2Vの定電圧で充電電流値が50mAとなるまで1回目の充電を行った。このように、1回目の充電を行った電池に対して1Cの定電流で電池電圧が3Vに達するまで放電を行い、1サイクル目の放電容量を求めた。
[数1]
容量維持率(%)=(各サイクルに対する放電容量)/(1サイクル目の放電容量)x 100 (1)
Claims (8)
- オキサラト錯体(complex)を負イオンとするリチウム塩及びトリス(トリメチルシリル)ホスフェート(TMSP)を含む電解液添加剤;
カーボネート系化合物、スルフェート系化合物及びスルトン系化合物を全て含む第2添加剤;
非水性有機溶媒;及び
オキサラト錯体を負イオンとするリチウム塩以外のリチウム塩;を含み、
前記オキサラト錯体を負イオンとするリチウム塩は、LiODFB(Lithium Difluoro(oxalato)borate)、LiTFOP(Lithium Tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphate)及びLiBOB(Lithium bis(oxalato)borate)からなる群から選択された一つ以上であり、
前記オキサラト錯体を負イオンとするリチウム塩以外のリチウム塩は、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiN(C2F5SO2)2、LiN(CF3SO2)2、CF3SO3Li、LiC(CF3SO2)3及びLiC4BO8からなる群から選択されるいずれか一つ、又はこれらのうち2種以上の混合物を含むものである非水性電解液。 - 前記オキサラト錯体を負イオンとするリチウム塩は、電解液の総量を基準に0.2から2重量%で含まれる請求項1に記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記トリス(トリメチルシリル)ホスフェート(TMSP)は、電解液の総量を基準に0.01から2重量%で含まれる請求項1又は2に記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記トリス(トリメチルシリル)ホスフェート(TMSP)は、電解液の総量を基準に0.01から1重量%で含まれる請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記非水性電解液は、電解液の総量を基準に、カーボネート系化合物1.5から3重量%、スルフェート系化合物0.5から1.5重量%、スルトン系化合物0.5から1重量%を含むものである請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記カーボネート系化合物は、ビニレンカーボネート(vinylene carbonate)又はビニレンエチレンカーボネート(vinylene ethylene carbonate)を含み、
前記スルフェート系化合物は、硫酸エチレン(ethylene sulfate)を含み、
前記スルトン系化合物は、1,3−プロパンスルトン(1,3−propane sultone)を含むものである請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載の非水性電解液。 - 正極活物質を含む正極、
負極活物質を含む負極、
前記正極と前記負極の間に介在されたセパレータ、及び
請求項1から6の何れか1項に記載の非水性電解液を含み、
前記正極活物質は、マンガン系スピネル(spinel)活物質、リチウム金属酸化物又はこれらの混合物であるリチウム二次電池。 - 前記リチウム金属酸化物は、リチウム−マンガン系酸化物、リチウム−ニッケル−マンガン系酸化物、リチウム−マンガン−コバルト系酸化物及びリチウム−ニッケル−マンガン−コバルト系酸化物からなる群から選択される請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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PCT/KR2013/000725 WO2013165077A1 (ko) | 2012-04-30 | 2013-01-30 | 전해액 첨가제, 상기 첨가제를 포함하는 비수성 전해액 및 리튬 이차 전지 |
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