JP5822418B2 - 治療効果のある物質−ii - Google Patents
治療効果のある物質−ii Download PDFInfo
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- JP5822418B2 JP5822418B2 JP2002501456A JP2002501456A JP5822418B2 JP 5822418 B2 JP5822418 B2 JP 5822418B2 JP 2002501456 A JP2002501456 A JP 2002501456A JP 2002501456 A JP2002501456 A JP 2002501456A JP 5822418 B2 JP5822418 B2 JP 5822418B2
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Description
本発明は、一般的に、ヒト及び霊長類を含む哺乳動物、非哺乳動物並びに鳥類種の炎症状態の治療及び予防又は炎症状態によって惹起され又は促進される症状の改善に有用な化学物質に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、哺乳動物、動物又は鳥類種の炎症状態の治療又は予防又は炎症状態によって惹起され又は促進される症状の改善に使用するための、トウダイグサ科(Euphorbiaceae family) 植物の構成員又はそれらの植物学的若しくは園芸学的な近縁植物から得られる大環状ジテルペン群の化学物質、又は該物質の誘導体若しくは化学類似体若しくは化学的な合成形を提供する。本発明はさらに、トウダイグサ科の構成員又はそれらの植物学的若しくは園芸学的な近縁植物又は派生物から得られる大環状ジテルペン、又は該物質の誘導体、化学類似体若しくは化学的合成形の局所投与又は全身投与により、慢性又は一時的な炎症状態を含む炎症状態を患う哺乳動物、動物又は鳥類の被験体を予防又は治療する方法、又はそれらの炎症状態の症状を改善する方法を意図する。本発明の化学物質は精製された化合物の形態、化合物の混合物、治療的に活性な物質へ化学変換できる一以上の化合物の前駆体形又は該植物の化学的画分、亜画分、調製物及び抽出物の形態でありうる。
本明細書の著者により言及される刊行物の書誌的詳細は本記載の終わりにまとめられている。
本明細書を通して、本文脈が他の意味を要しない限り、「含む(comprise)」という単語、又は「含む(comprises)」若しくは「含む(comprising)」などの変形は、明記した要素若しくは整数又は要素若しくは整数の群を含むことを意味するが、任意の他の要素若しくは整数又は要素若しくは整数の群の排除を意味するわけではないと理解される。
(1) 該化合物に関連する少なくとも二つの特徴について入力指標値として受信するコードであって、該特徴が、
(a)PKCの活性又は効果を調節する能力、
(b)両極性樹状活性を誘導する能力、
(c)トウダイグサ科の構成員から誘導される能力、
(d)チャボタイゲキ(E. peplus)から誘導される能力、
(e)トウダイグサの種の樹液から水抽出されうる能力、又は
(f)潜伏ウイルスを活性化する能力、
(g)TPA若しくはPMAより低い腫瘍促進能力、
から選択されるものであるコード、
(2) 該指標値を加えて該化合物についての効力値に相当する総和を提供するコード、並びに
(3) 該コードを記憶するコンピュータ読み取り可能な媒体、
を含むものである生産物を意図する。
(1) 機械による読み取り可能データによりコードされたデータ記憶材料を含む機械による読み取り可能データ記憶媒体であって、該機械による読み取り可能データが該化合物に関連する少なくとも二つの特徴についての入力指標値を含むものであり、該特徴が、
(a)PKCの活性又は効果を調節する能力、
(b)両極性樹状活性を誘導する能力、
(c)トウダイグサ科の構成員から誘導される能力、
(d)チャボタイゲキ(E. peplus)から誘導される能力、
(e)トウダイグサの種の樹液から水抽出され得るの能力、又は
(f)潜伏ウイルスを活性化する能力、
(g)TPA若しくはPMAより低い腫瘍促進能力、
から選択されるものであり、
(2) 該機械による読み取り可能データを処理するための指令を記憶するワーキングメモリ、
(3) 該機械による読み取り可能データを処理し該化合物(複数又は単数)についての効力値に相当する該指標値の総和を提供するため、該ワーキングメモリ及び該機械による読み取り可能データ記憶媒体に連結した中央演算処理装置、並びに
(4) 該効力値を受信するため該中央演算処理装置に連結した出力ハードウェア、
を含むコンピュータに及ぶ。
本発明は、トウダイグサ科植物の構成員又はそれらの植物学的若しくは園芸学的に近縁な植物から得られる化学物質及びそれを含む化学的画分の生物学的に有用な性質の同定に一部基礎を置くものである。これらの生物学的に有用な性質には、免疫系の強化の促進又は免疫系の細胞又は他の化合物の強化の促進を含む炎症状態の予防及び/又は治療、並びに炎症と関連する症状の改善におけるそれらの使用が含まれる。
のいずれか一つにより表されるものであり、該化学物質又はその誘導体若しくは化学類似体がPKC活性、PKC依存性遺伝子発現又はPKC酵素の代謝回転を調節できるものであり、該化学物質又はその誘導体若しくは化学類似体が、該炎症状態と関連した一以上の症状を改善するのに十分な時間及び条件の下で投与されるものである方法を意図する。
5, 8, 9, 10, 14−ペンタアセトキシ−3−ベンゾイロキシ−15−ヒドロキシペプルアン(ペプルアン)、
2, 3, 5, 7, 15−ペンタアセトキシ−9−ニコチノイロキシ−14−オキソジャトロファ−6(17), 11E−ジエン(ジャトロファン1)、
2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 14 −ヘキサアセトキシ−3−ベンゾイロキシ−15−ヒドロキシ−ジャトロファ−6(17), 11E−ジエン(ジャトロファン2)、
2, 5, 14−トリアセトキシ−3−ベンゾイロキシ−8, 15 −ジヒドロキシ−7−イソブチロイロキシ−9−ニコチノイロキシ−ジャトロファ−6(17), 11E−ジエン(ジャトロファン3)、
2, 5, 9, 14 −テトラアセトキシ−3−ベンゾイロキシ−8, 15 −ジヒドロキシ−7−イソブチロイロキシ−ジャトロファ−6(17), 11E−ジエン(ジャトロファン4)、
2, 5, 7, 14 −テトラアセトキシ−3−ベンゾイロキシ−8, 15 −ジヒドロキシ−9−ニコチノイロキシ−ジャトロファ−6(17), 11E −ジエン(ジャトロファン5)、
2, 5, 7, 9, 14−ペンタアセトキシ−3−ベンゾイロキシ−8, 15 −ジヒドロキシ−ジャトロファ−6(17), 11E −ジエン(ジャトロファン6)、
20−O−アセチル−インゲノール−3−アンゲレート (angelate) 、20−O−アセチル−インゲノール−3−アンゲレートの誘導体、
20−ヒドロキシ−インゲノール−3−アンゲレート、20−ヒドロキシ−インゲノール−3−アンゲレートの誘導体、及び
インゲノール−3−アンゲレート、インゲノール−3−アンゲレートの誘導体
を含むリストから選択される。
(a)PKCの活性又は効果を調節する能力、
(b)両極性樹状活性を誘導する能力、
(c)トウダイグサ科の構成員から誘導される能力、
(d)チャボタイゲキ(E. peplus)から誘導される能力、
(e)トウダイグサの種の樹液から水抽出されうる能力、
(f)潜伏ウイルスを活性化する能力、又は
(g)TPA若しくはPMAより低い腫瘍促進能力
から選択され得る。
(1) 化合物に関連する少なくとも二つの特性について入力指標値として受信するコードであって、該特性が、
(a)PKCの活性又は効果を調節する能力、
(b)両極性樹状活性を誘導する能力、
(c)トウダイグサ科の構成員から誘導される能力、
(d)チャボタイゲキ(E. peplus)から誘導される能力、
(e)トウダイグサの種の樹液から水油出されうる能力、
(f)潜伏ウイルスを活性化する能力、又は
(g)TPA若しくはPMAより低い腫瘍促進能力、
から選択されるものであるコード、
(4) 該指標値を加算して該化合物についての効力値に相当する総和を提供するコード、並びに
(5) 該コードを記憶するコンピュータ読み取り可能媒体、
を含む。
(1) 機械読み取り可能データでコードされたデータ記憶材料を含む機械読み取り可能データ記憶媒体であって、該機械読み取り可能データが該化合物に関連する少なくとも二つの特性についての指標値を含み、該特性が、
(a)PKCの活性又は効果を調節する能力、
(b)両極性樹状活性を誘導する能力、
(c)トウダイグサ科の構成員に由来する能力、
(d)チャボタイゲキ(E. peplus)に由来する能力、
(e)トウダイグサの種の樹液から水抽出されうる能力、
(f)潜伏ウイルスを活性化する能力、又は
(g)TPA若しくはPMAより低い腫瘍促進能力、
から選択されるものである機械読み取り可能データ記憶媒体、
(2) 該機械読み取り可能データを処理するための指令を記憶するワーキングメモリ、
(3) 該機械読み取り可能データを処理し該化合物についての効力値に相当する該指標値の総和を提供するため該ワーキングメモリ及び該機械読み取り可能データ記憶媒体に連結した中央演算処理装置、並びに
(4) 該効力値を受信するため該中央演算処理装置に連結した出力ハードウェア、
を含むコンピュータに及ぶ。
(1)該化合物と関連する少なくとも二つの特性についての入力指標値を入力する工程であって、該特性が、
(a)PKCの活性又は効果を調節する能力、
(b)両極性樹状活性を誘導する能力、
(c)トウダイグサ科の構成員から誘導される能力、
(d)チャボタイゲキから誘導される能力、
(e)トウダイグサの種の樹液から水抽出されうる能力、
(f)潜伏ウイルスを活性化する能力、
(g)TPA若しくはPMAより低い腫瘍促進能力、及び
から選択されるものである工程、
(2)該特性についての該指標値を加え該化合物についての効力値を提供する工程、並びに
(3)該効力値を出力する工程、
を用いうる。
PKCの活性化:酵素検定により測定されたPKCのキナーゼ活性
イー・ペプルスから得られる化学画分の調整
イー・ペプルス植物から得られる樹液を採取し、−20℃で凍結し、解凍しそして使用一週間前に4℃で保存した。このH画分を国際特許出願番号PCT/AU98/00656号に記載の薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)により冷凍樹液から調製し、乾燥シリカを伴う物質として4℃で保存した。この物質はジャトロファン及びペプルアンを豊富に含んでいた。使用の一から二ヶ月前に、該物質をエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(DME)に溶解して4℃で保存した。この濃度は該物質の乾燥重量から決定した。PKC検定では、粗樹液(PEP001)及びPEP004の画分を二回エーテル抽出し、ジテルペン類、即ちインゲナン、ジャトロファン及びペプルアンが濃縮されたエーテル可溶性画分を得た。残りの水溶性画分も使用した。インゲナン画分は国際特許出願番号PCT/AU98/00656号に記載のようにエーテル可溶性抽出物からTLCにより調製された。
従来型及び新規のプロテイン・キナーゼC(PKC)イソ型はそれらの非刺激状態ではキナーゼとして不活性である。これらのPKCのC1ドメインは、その基質部位(C4ドメイン)に結合し且つ該タンパク質のキナーゼ機能を不活性化する自己阻害性の擬似基質部位を含む。PKCの活性化は該C1ドメインにジアシルグリセロール(DAG)が結合することに起因し、これは、複数のリン酸化事象及び該タンパク質へのコンフォメーションの変化を経て、最終的にPKCの自己阻害の遊離に至る。TPA及び他の関連化合物は種々のPKCイソ型のC1ドメインに結合し、おそらくDAGは同様な手段によりそれらの活性化に至ることが示されている。
PKCの活性化:PKCの移動
PKCの活性化は簡単な蛍光顕微鏡に基づく検定によっても証明され得る。活性化時に、PKCは細胞質から細胞の原形質膜へ移動することが知られている。PKC酵素を緑色蛍光タンパク質(GFP)又は増強されたGFP(EGFP)と融合することにより、PKCの活性化は拡散性細胞質GFPの原形質膜と関連した蛍光環への移動により検出できる。この検定を用いて、イー・ペプルスの粗抽出物はPKCβ及びPKCγを活性化することが示された。
PKCへの化合物の結合
競合検定は、本発明のジテルペンエステルがPKCのホルボールエステル結合部位に結合するか否かを決定するために実施された。この競合検定は、PKCの供給源として使用されたラットの脳のホモジネート(ゴンザレツら、1999)への結合から、23μg/mLのPEP003が[3H]−ホルボールジブチレートに90%を超えて置換わったことを示した。この結合はビスインドリルマレイミドとの共インキュベーションにより阻止されなかった。これらの結果はPEP003がPKCのホルボールエステル結合部位に結合するがビスインドリルマレイミドは結合しないことを示している。
HIV潜伏感染の活性化
逆転写酵素阻害剤とプロテアーゼ阻害剤(HAART)との組合わせなどの極めて活性な抗レトロウイルス治療の使用は、HIVに感染した個体を有意に延命させる。しかしながら、その処方計画は非常に負担であり、ウイルス血症の再発を防止するために該計画の厳守を必要とする。CD4+ 細胞などの、ウイルスを活発に転写できる長命の細胞は主要な潜伏の貯蔵庫として作用し、該細胞は該ウイルスが抗レトロウイルス化学療法又は免疫系の監視を免れることを可能とする。従って、感染細胞から潜伏ウイルスを活性化させる物質を発見することが急務である。そのときは、活性化されたウイルスは攻撃的な抗レトロウイルス化学療法により殺されうるであろう、そして免疫系の監視もこれらの条件下で改良されうるであろうと仮定されてきた。このような物質は、例えばヘルペス感染などの、感染細胞中にウイルスが隔離されている他の疾病状態において有用性を有しうるであろう。抗癌物質は潜在的な抗HIV物質として広く研究されてきた。幾つかのPKC活性化物質は潜伏レトロウイルスを活性化することが示されてきた。例えば、PMAは単球中の潜伏HIVを活性化することを示した(トビウメら、1998)。しかしながら、PMAは既知の腫瘍プロモーターである。
PEP003及びPEP004により阻害されるHIV溶解活性
レトロウイルスであるヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)は世界で四番目に多い致命的病気の原因であり、3600万を超える人々に感染する。幾つかの抗レトロウイルス化合物が臨床用途に承認されてきたが、多くのHIV株はこれらの薬物に対する耐性を獲得した。新たな抗レトロウイルス化合物に対する明確な且つ迅速な必要性がある。
遺伝子治療を改良する方法としての
サイトメガロウイルス・プロモーター活性の増強
ウイルス及びウイルスプロモーター、とりわけアデノウイルス及びCMVは様々なヒトの疾病状態に遺伝子治療を送達するために用いられる。該ウイルスの転写を駆動するプロモーターが何等かの物質によりさらに活性化され得るならば、遺伝子発現、従って、治療効果は増強されるであろう。
先天性免疫応答の活性化:皮膚における好中球の浸潤の誘導
好中球はヒトの末梢白血球細胞の約70%に相当し炎症及び病気に対する生得的防御に極めて重要な役割を果たしている(モリネド、1999)。活性化の際、好中球は超酸化物ラジカル並びに種々の酵素及び他の化合物を含有する顆粒を放出する。これらの分泌物は浸入する病原体を破壊できるが炎症及び関連する組織の損傷をも結果として生ずる。
好中球の浸潤活性
基底細胞癌(BCC)は白人集団で最も一般的な癌であり、全世界的に最高の年間発生率がオーストラリアで記録されている(ミラーら,1994、マークスら,1993)。新しい動きが局部治療を用いた非黒色腫皮膚癌(NMSC)の治療を観察し始めた。この治療の本質は、白血球、特に好中球の浸潤を伴う炎症性応答の誘導に依存しうる。
先天性免疫応答の活性化:末梢血単核細胞における呼吸バーストの誘導
単球/マクロファージは血液で形成され且つTリンパ球及び抗体により通常活性化される組織細胞である。活性化時にこれらは病原体を食菌でき、スーパーオキシドラジカルを放出でき、サイトカインの重要な供給源である。イー・ペプルス粗抽出物は、蛍光標示式細胞分取(FACS)に基づく方法の使用により、スーパーオキシドラジカルの放出を誘導できることが示された。この方法では、スーパーオキシドラジカルはジヒドロエチジウム色素により検出される。さらに、食作用の活性はニトロブルー・テトラゾリウムの取込み増加により示されるようにイー・ペプルスにより活性化され、プラスチックへの粘着はイー・ペプルスにより増大した。即ち、これはマクロファージの活性化及び分化を示すと考えられる。
末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)による食作用は1μMの Fluoresbrite(商標)黄−緑蛍光ラテックス球(ポリサイエンス社、ウォリントン、ペンシルバニア州)を用いて検定した(ステインカンプら、1982)。ヘパリン添加全血の試料を薬物で処理し、1mLの懸濁液に対しPBS10μL中の5x107 蛍光性ラテックスビーズを添加した。細胞を懸濁液中で振とうプラットフォーム上で37℃で30分間インキュベートし保持した。次いで、刺激した試料及び無刺激の試料を溶解してPBMCを単離した。該PBMCをFITCを測定するフローサイトメーターにかけ(488nmの励起、525±20nmの放射)、蛍光(貪食された球)及び光散乱(細胞サイズ)についてゲーティングした。
先天性抗ウイルス活性の活性化
アルファウイルスを含む多くのウイルスは先天性抗ウイルス活性に感受性であり、該活性はしばしばインターフェロンα/β応答の活性化により媒介される(アンタリスら、1998)。このような抗ウイルス活性はウイルスの複製を支持する細胞の能力を阻害する。ロス・リバー・ウイルスにより惹起されるものを含む多くのウイルス感染では、ウイルスの複製は結果としてウイルスに誘導される細胞変性効果(CPE)又は細胞死を生ずる。イー・ペプルスのインゲナン(ingenanes)によるヒトの線維芽細胞の処理は抗ウイルス活性を活性化することを示し、アルファウイルス感染により誘導されるCPEを防御した。
腹腔内ストレプトコッカス感染に対する防御:マウスにおけるA群ストレプト
コッカスによる全身性感染に及ぼすPEP003及びPEP004の効果
A群のストレプトコッカス(ストレプトコッカス・ピオゲネス)(GAS)によるヒトの感染は、比較的軽微な咽頭炎(「トレップ・スロート(trep throat)」)及び膿痂疹(表皮感染)から毒性ショック症候群及び壊疽性筋膜炎(両者は多系統臓器不全に至りうる)等のより深刻な侵襲性感染までを含む多様な臨床的発現を惹起し得る。最後に、リューマチ熱(RF)、リューマチ性心臓病(RHD)及び急性糸球体腎炎(AGN)などのGAS感染後後遺症は発展途上国及び現地人集団、とりわけオーストラリア先住民で主要な問題である。GAS感染を制御するための現在の処理は抗生物質治療である。しかしながら、急性RFの反復する症状の発現及びRHDの発症の場合、抗生物質の連続的高用量投与が要求されるため、高用量遵守の欠如がしばしばこれらのGAS関連病の持続に関係する。GAS感染に対するワクチンの開発はRF及びRHDを含むGAS関連疾病を予防するであろう。しかしながら、ワクチンが無い場合、改良された抗細菌活性をもつ新たな薬物の開発が有望な治療用薬剤を提供しうる。
PEP003の抗大腸菌活性:白血球の活性化
血液をソディウム・ヘパリン・チューブ(ベクトン・ディッキンソン社のVACUTAINER)内に採取し、白血球を赤血球細胞の溶解により調製した(フローサイトメトリー法ハンドブック、ロビンソン,JP、ヴィレー−ライス社、1993年,酸化的バースト方法、フローサイトメトリーによるH2O2 DCF検定、147〜149頁)。白血球を再懸濁し各チューブが7x106個の末梢血細胞(PBC)を含むよう二つのチューブ内へ均等に分けた。次いで両チューブを1000rpmで10分間遠心分離(ベックマン,GS-6)した。この上清を得た後、容量をRPMI 1640(ギブコBRL社、抗生物質を含有しない、10%(v/v)の牛胎児血清で補足)で1mLに調整した。次に100μLのPEP003(10%のアセトンを含有する23μg/mLの最終濃度を得るため)を一方のチューブに加え、他方に100μLのPBS/10%アセトンを加えた。各チューブに10μLの大腸菌(コンピテント細胞、XL10-ブルー、ストラタジーン社)も添加した(静置培養の〜1/100希釈を得た)。両チューブはボルテックス攪拌した後2500rpmで10分間遠心分離(ベックマン、GS-6)した。蓋を緩め該チューブを37℃/5%CO2でインキュベートした。
白癬の処置
白癬は、その感染が身体のケラチン構造に限定される、トリコフィトン、マイクロスポラム及びエピデルモフィトンなどの種の真菌類により惹起される皮下真菌症又は皮膚糸状菌症である。培養によりトリコフィトン・メンタグロフィテス・バール・メンタグロフィテスであると決定された成人男性の前腕の掌表面上にある2週齢の白癬病巣を、イー・ペプルス粗抽出物の1回局部塗布で処置し、7日後に消失したことが示された。処置無しでもこのような病巣の消失は起こるが、極めて稀であると考えられる。
吸血性昆虫の咬傷の処置
蚊及びサシチョウバエなどの吸血性昆虫の咬傷は咬傷部位にしばしば痒い炎症反応を惹起する。この反応の正確な機構はあまり理解されていないが、肥満細胞及びヒスタミンの放出がこの反応の構成要素であるように思われる(グリーブスとウォール、1996;ホルスマンヘイモら、1996)。
治療手段としてのプロモーター活性化:EBVに感染した細胞系統
及びEBV陽性のバーキットリンパ腫細胞系統の活性化に及ぼす
PEP003及びPEP004の効果
最初に、B95-8細胞系統(EBV最大生産細胞の一つとして世界中で使用されるEBV陽性のマーモセット細胞系統)について、PEP003及びPEP004の効果を試験した。この細胞系統をこれらの化合物のそれぞれで(異なる濃度で)それぞれ3日間及び7日間処理し、EBVウイルス生産の活性化をウェスタンブロットでウイルス・キャプシド抗原(VCA)の出現により測定した。また、比較として、EBVをTPAで処理したこの細胞系統でも活性化した。
黒色腫細胞のNK活性を刺激する能力に及ぼすPEP003の効果の解明
黒色腫及び他の癌は、免疫応答の特異的武器(T細胞媒介性)及び非特異的な武器(ナチュラルキラー細胞及び他の機構)により殺され得る。これらのキラー細胞は、選別された黒色腫患者から得られる末梢血T細胞を同一患者に由来する(自己由来の)黒色腫細胞で刺激することによりイン・ビトロで形成し得る。ナチュラルキラー細胞はナチュラルキラー感受性細胞系統K562の溶解により認識され得る。幾つかの抗腫瘍物質が免疫応答に対する黒色腫の感受性を改変すると理論付けされている。
イー・ペプルス及び他の植物種から低クロロフィル疎水性画分を得る方法
植物から疎水性化合物を単離する標準的方法には全植物体のアルコール抽出が含まれる。これは葉に由来するクロロフィル及び他の疎水性物質を含有する抽出物を生成し、それらは溶媒抽出及びクロマトグラフィーによる化合物のその後の精製を妨げる。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーでクロロフィルと共移動するので、これはトウダイグサ科の構成員から生物活性の高いジテルペンを単離する際に特有の問題である。本実施例及び実施例18に記載するように二つの方法がこの問題を克服するために開発された。両方法とも経済的な商業的な生産に拡大できる。
他のジテルペンからインゲナンエステルを分離する方法
下記の方法は、イー・ペプルスの幹が生物活性なジテルペンおほぼ90%を含み且つ葉と比べて有意にクロロフィルが少ないという意外な発見に基づいている。
イー・ペプルスからジテルペンエステルを精製する工程
上記の実施例17若しくは実施例18の方法により又はラテックスのエーテル抽出により得られる粗抽出物は、セファデックスHL-20クロマトグラフィー(上記参照)により分画された。後者から得られる適切な画分を混合し、メタノールを減圧下で蒸発させ、残留する水を凍結乾燥又はエーテル抽出により除去した。この試料(一回の注入につきメタノール中100mg/mlの200μL)をフェノメネックス・ガード・カラムを備えたフェノメネックス・ルナ250x10mm C18カラムで70〜100%メタノール中、2mL/分でHPLCにより分画し、230nmで検出した。ジャトロファンエステル及びペプルアンエステルは25〜42分で、PEP005は42〜44分で、PEP008は46〜50分で、そしてPEP006は50〜54分で出現した。同タイプの分離はC3及びC8のカラムでのHPLCにより得られた。
培養中のヒトの腫瘍細胞を選択的に殺すための
ジテルペンエステルによる白血球の活性化
ヒトの末梢血の溶解により得られた白血球を1000:1、100:1及び10:1のエフェクター:標的比で1マイクロタイターウェル当たり5000個のMM96Lヒト黒色腫細胞又は7000個の新生児包皮線維芽細胞に加えた。Ing9(60ng/mL)を添加し、48時間のインキュベーションの後、該培養物を洗浄し、[3H]−チミジンで2時間標識した。100:1のエフェクター:標的細胞の比で、PEP008処理の該黒色腫細胞は9%の生存を示したのに対し、正常線維芽細胞は100%生存した。未処理の白血球は細胞生存に影響を及ぼさなかった。
培養中のヒト腫瘍細胞のジテルペンエステルによる前処理は
未処理の白血球による選択的殺害を強化する
標的腫瘍細胞の薬物処理が該細胞を免疫系のエフェクター細胞の影響を受け易くするか否かの問題は下記のように取り扱われた。
皮膚を冒す状態(例えば感染、皮膚癌)を処置するための局部用組成物A
チンキ: 本発明の化合物を、MM96Lヒト黒色腫細胞での双極活性により測定された場合イー・ペプルスのラテックスと同じ最終生物活性になるまでアセトン、エタノール又はイソプロパノールで希釈した(1mLあたり1000万bp単位)。試料(2〜5μL)をマウス黒色腫B16の腫瘍の表面に3日間毎日塗布し、3〜5日後に100万個の細胞をヌードマウスの横腹に皮下移植した。67%以上の部位が治癒したと定義される有効性がイー・ペプルス樹液、PEP005、PEP008並びにPEP005、PEP006及びPEP008の混合物について得られた。
皮膚を冒す状態(例えば感染、皮膚癌)を処置するための局部用組成物B
クリーム及びゲル: 種々の疎水性クリーム基剤は、チンキについて上述したように、該皮膚に化合物を送達するために使用する場合効果が無いことが見出された。有効性はチンキで記載したように製剤されたイソプロパノールゲルの使用で得られた。
トウダイグサ科の他の構成員に由来する樹液のMM96L細胞に及ぼす効果
樹液はシナデニウム・グランティイ、シナデニウム・コンパクツム、モンデニウム・ルガルデ、モンデニウム・グエンセリ、エンダデニウム・ゴスヴェイレニ、及びイー・ペプルスから採取し、増殖培地を用いて滅菌した1.5mLのEppendorf(商標)チューブへ10-7まで10倍に系列希釈した。PKC阻害剤のビスインドリルマレイミド(1μg/mL又は10μg/mL)の存在下又は非存在下で、各希釈の10マイクロリットルの部分標本をマイクロタイタープレートの1ウェルあたり5000個のMM96L細胞に添加した。3日後、細胞を細胞傷害性又は双極性樹状表現型への分化について調べた。
トウダイグサ科の他の構成員に由来する樹液のJAM細胞に及ぼす効果
実施例24の樹液を卵巣癌細胞系統JAMに及ぼす細胞障害効果についても調べた。PKC阻害剤のビスインドリルマレイミド(10μg/mL)の存在下若しくは非存在下で又はPKC・ホルボールエステル結合部位リガンドのホルボール・ジブチレートの存在下若しくは非存在下で、実施例24に従って調製された各希釈樹液の10マイクロリットルの部分標本をマイクロタイタープレートの1ウェルあたり5000個のJAM細胞に添加した。3日後、該細胞をエタノールで固定し、細胞数をサルフロードアミンBで染色された未処理の対照と比較した。
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Claims (5)
- 被験体におけるPKC活性化のための薬剤の調製における、トウダイグサ科植物から得られる化学物質、またはその誘導体、化学類似体、もしくはその薬学的に許容される塩の使用であって、
前記化学物質、またはその誘導体、もしくは化学類似体が、インゲノール-3-アンゲレート、または20-O-アセチル-インゲノール-3-アンゲレート、もしくはその薬学的に許容される塩である、使用。 - 植物が、アカリファ(Acalypha)、アシドトン(Acidoton)、アクチノステモン(Actinostemon)、アデリア(Adelia)、アデノクリン(Adenocline)、アデノクレピス(Adenocrepis)、アデノファエドラ(Adenophaedra)、アディスカ(Adisca)、アグロスティスタチス(Agrostistachys)、アルコルネア(Alchornea)、アルコネオプシス(Alchorneopsis)、アルシナエアンザス(Alcinaeanthus )、アルコセリア(Alcoceria)、アレウリテス(Aleurites)、アマノア(Amanoa)、アンドラチネ(Andrachne)、アンゴスチレス(Angostyles)、アニソフィラム(Anisophyllum)、アンチデスマ(Antidesma)、アフォラ(Aphora)、アポロサ(Aporosa)、アポロセラ(Aporosella)、アルギタムニア(Argythamnia)、アストロコッカス(Astrococcus)、アストロギネ(Astrogyne)、バッカンレア(Baccanrea)、バリオスペルマム(Baliospermum)、ベルナルディア(Bernardia)、ベイリオプシス(Beyeriopsis)、ビスコフィア(Bischofia )、ブラチア(Blachia)、ブルメオドンドロン(Blumeodondron)、ボナニア(Bonania)、ブラドレイア(Bradleia)、ブレイニア(Breynia)、ブレイニオプシス(Breyniopsis)、ブリデリア(Briedelia)、ブラエアビア(Buraeavia)、カペロニア(Caperonia)、カリオデンドロン(Caryodendron)、セリアネラ(Celianella)、セファロクロトン(Cephalocroton)、チャエノセカ(Chaenotheca)、チャエトカルプス(Chaetocarpus)、チャマエシス(Chamaesyce)、チェイロサ(Cheilosa)、チロペタラム(Chiropetalum)、コリオフィラム(Choriophyllum)、シッカ(Cicca)、チャオキシロン(Chaoxylon)、クレイドン(Cleidon)、クレイスタンザス(Cleistanthus)、クルイティア(Cluytia)、クネスモネ(Cnesmone)、クニドスコラス(Cnidoscolus)、コッコセラス(Coccoceras)、コディアエウム(Codiaeum)、コエロディスカス(Coelodiscus)、コナミ(Conami)、コンセベイバ(Conceveiba)、コンセベイバストラム(Conceveibastrum)、コンセベイバム(Conceveibum)、コリセア(Corythea)、クロイザティア(Croizatia)、クロトン(Croton)、クロトノプシス(Crotonopsis)、クロゾフォラ(Crozophora)、クバンザス(Cubanthus)、クヌリア(Cunuria)、ダクチロステモン(Dactylostemon)、ダレチャンピア(Dalechampia)、デンドロコウシンシア(Dendrocousinsia)、ディアスペルサス(Diaspersus)、ディディモシスタス(Didymocistus)、ディモルフォカリックス(Dimorphocalyx)、ディスコカルパス(Discocarpus)、ディタキシス(Ditaxis)、ドデカスティングマ(Dodecastingma)、ドライペテス(Drypetes)、ディソプシス(Dysopsis)、エラテリオスペルマム(Elateriospermum)、エンダデニウム(Endadenium)、エンドスペルマム(Endospermum)、エリスマンザス(Erismanthus)、エリソロカルパス(Erythrocarpus)、エリソロチラス(Erythrochilus)、ユーメカンザス(Eumecanthus)、ユーフォルビア(Euphorbia)、ユーフォルビオデンドロン(Euphorbiodendron)、イクスコエカリア(Excoecaria)、フルエッゲア(Flueggea)、カレアリア(Calearia)、ガルシア(Garcia)、ガバッレティア(Gavarretia)、ゲロニウム(Gelonium)、ギアラ(Giara)、ギボティア(Givotia)、グロチディオン(Glochidion)、グロチディオノプシス(Glochidionopsis)、グリシデンドロン(Glycydendron)、ギムナンゼス(Gymnanthes)、ギムノスパリア(Gymnosparia)、ヘマトスペルマム(Haematospermum)、ヘンデカンドラ(Hendecandra)、ヘベア(Hevea)、ヒエロニマ(Hieronima)、ヒエロニマ(hieronyma)、ヒッポクレパンドラ(Hippocrepandra)、ホマランザス(Homalanthus)、ヒメノカルディア(Hymenocardia)、ジャニファ(Janipha)、ジャトロファ(Jatropha)、ジュロクロトン(Julocroton)、ラシオクロトン(Lasiocroton)、レイオカルパス(Leiocarpus)、レオナルディア(Leonardia)、レピダンザス(Lepidanthus)、ロイコクロトン(Leucocroton)、マベア(Mabea)、マカランガ(Macaranga)、マロタス(Mallotus)、マニホット(Manihot)、マッパ(Mappa)、マプロウネア(Maprounea)、メランゼサ(Melanthesa)、メルカリアリス(Mercurialis)、メッテニア(Mettenia)、ミクランドラ(Micrandra)、ミクロデスミス(Microdesmis)、ミクロエルス(Microelus)、ミクロスタチイ(Microstachy)、マオクロトン(Maocroton)、モナデニウム(Monadenium)、モジンナ(Mozinna)、ネオスコルテキニア(Neoscortechinia)、オマランザス(Omalanthus)、オムファレア(Omphalea)、オフェランザ(Ophellantha)、オルビクラリア(Orbicularia)、オストデス(Ostodes)、オキシデクテス(Oxydectes)、パレンガ(Palenga)、パンタデニア(Pantadenia)、パラドリペプテス(Paradrypeptes)、パウサンドラ(Pausandra)、ペディランザス(Pedilanthus)、ペラ(Pera)、ペリディウム(Peridium)、ペタロスティグマ(Petalostigma)、フィランザス(Phyllanthus)、ピクロデンドロ(Picrodendro)、ピエラルディア(Pierardia)、ピリノフィタム(Pilinophytum )、ピメレオデンドロン(Pimeleodendron)、ピランヘア(Piranhea)、プラチギナ(Platygyna)、プルケネティア(Plukenetia)、ポドカリックス(Podocalyx)、ポインセチア(Poinsettia)、ポラレシア(Poraresia)、プロサルテマ(Prosartema)、シューダンザス(Pseudanthus)、ピクノコマ(Pycnocoma)、クアドラシア(Quadrasia)、レベルコニア(Reverchonia)、リチェリア(Richeria)、リチェリエラ(Richeriella)、リシネラ(Ricinella)、リシノカルプス(Ricinocarpus)、ロットレラ(Rottlera)、サゴティア(Sagotia)、サンウィチア(Sanwithia)、サピウム(Sapium)、サビア(Savia)、スクレロクロトン(Sclerocroton)、セバスティアナ(Sebastiana)、セクリネガ(Securinega)、セネフェルデラ(Senefeldera)、セネフィルデロプシス(Senefilderopsis)、セロフィトン(Serophyton)、シフォニア(Siphonia)、スパチオステモン(Spathiostemon)、スピキシア(Spixia)、スティリンギア(Stillingia)、ストロフィオブラチア(Strophioblachia)、シナデニウム(Synadenium)、テトラコッカス(Tetracoccus)、テトラプランドラ(Tetraplandra)、テトロルチディウム(Tetrorchidium )、チルサンセラ(Thyrsanthera)、チチマラス(Tithymalus)、トラゲイア(Trageia)、トレヴィア(Trewia)、トリゴノステモン(Trigonostemon)、チリア(Tyria)及びキシロフィラ(Xylophylla )からなる群より選択される属のものである、請求項1記載の使用。
- 化学物質、その誘導体または化学類似体が、インゲノール-3-アンゲレート、またはその薬学的に許容される塩である、請求項1または2記載の使用。
- 薬剤が、薬学的に又は化粧品的に許容される担体を含む組成物の剤形である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の使用。
- 担体がβ−アラニンベタイン塩酸塩、及びt-4- ヒドロキシ-N,N- ジメチルプロリンからなる群より選択されるものである、請求項4記載の使用。
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