JP5815655B2 - R−t−b−m−c系焼結磁石の製造方法、及びその製造装置 - Google Patents
R−t−b−m−c系焼結磁石の製造方法、及びその製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YSEQNZOXHCKLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)C(O)=O YSEQNZOXHCKLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 borate ester Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium stearate Chemical group [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/058—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IVa elements, e.g. Gd2Fe14C
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- B22F2003/023—Lubricant mixed with the metal powder
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- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Description
前記RはScとYを含む希土類元素の中から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素、
前記TはFe又はCoのいずれか1種の元素、
前記Bは硼素、
前記MはTi、Ni、Nb、Al、V、Mn、Sn、Ca、Mg、Pb、Sb、Zn、Si、Zr、Cr、Cu、Ga、Mo、W及びTaの群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素、
前記Cは炭素であり、
25質量%≦R≦40質量%、
60質量%≦T≦74質量%、
0.8質量%≦B≦1.2質量%、
0質量%≦M≦2質量%、
0.03質量%≦C≦0.15質量%、の条件を満たし、かつ
前記潤滑剤は、0.05質量%〜2質量%、
前記充填工程における前記キャビティ内の合金粉末の充填密度は、2.8〜3.8g/cm 3 であり、
前記配向工程で配向する際の押圧力は、0.2〜2MPaである、
ことを特徴とする。
実施例1(製造装置と製造方法)
本願発明は、図1に示す製造装置により製造される。加工製作台には合金粉末供給装置1が取り付けられ、当該合金粉末供給装置1の吐出口はモールドに形成されたキャビティ2に対応し、モールドの下には振動装置7が取り付けられている。
上記で説明した製造装置を用い、配向時に異なる圧力を加えた複数の磁石を製造した。なお、各磁石のもととなる材料は、以下の方法により得られる。
母合金の製造:真空又は不活性ガスの雰囲気中、好ましくはアルゴンガス雰囲気中で金属又は合金原料を溶融し、溶融した合金をストリップキャスティング法により流し込み、シート状の合金薄板を得る。
粉砕:上記母合金を水素ガス雰囲気下で破砕し、真空排気を行いながら水素を除去する。その後、高圧不活性ガス下のジェットミルにおいて平均粒度X50=5.0µmになるまで粉砕し、さらに、焼結磁性体結晶粒子の一致性を改善するために、製粉過程において研磨ガスに一定量の酸素ガスを注入した後、不活性ガス中で保存する。
潤滑剤の混合:合金粉末の配向特性を高めるため、混合機中に一定量の潤滑剤を混合する。本実施例で混合する潤滑剤は、質量百分率で0.05%のステアリン酸亜鉛であり、潤滑剤を混合する過程は不活性ガス下で実施する。潤滑剤の混合時間は約5時間である。
表1 単位:質量%
表2
表中、Br:残留磁束密度、Hcb、Hcj:保磁力、(BH)m:最大エネルギー積、Hk/Hcj:角形比成(磁場と保磁力との比)、をそれぞれ示す。
同様にして、表3、4に示すように、異なる量の潤滑剤を合金粉末に混合して異なる磁石を製造した。本実施例における母合金の製造、粉砕等の方法は実施例2、3と同様である。
本実施例において、合金粉末に混合する潤滑剤はホウ酸エステルであり、混合時間は8時間である。
表3 単位:質量%
表4
表4のとおり、実施例4、5の磁石の残留磁束密度Brは、比較例3に対してそれぞれ4%、4.3%高く、また、実施例4、5の磁性体の保磁力Hcjは、比較例4に対してそれぞれ7.6%、5.5%高いことが分かる。
同様にして、表5、6に示すように、異なる強度の配向磁場を加えて異なる磁石を製造した。本実施例における母合金の製造、粉砕、潤滑剤の混合等の方法は、実施例2、3と同様である。
表5 単位:質量%
表6
同様にして、表7、8に示すとおり、平均粒度の大きさが異なる合金粉末により異なる磁石を製造した。本実施例における母合金の製造、粉砕、潤滑剤の混合等の方法は、実施例2、3と同様である。また本実施例で用いられる潤滑剤はステアリン酸リチウムであり、潤滑剤の混合量は0.06%である。また、配向磁場は直流パルス磁場、磁場強度は6T、配向時のキャビティの押圧力は2MPaである。その後、1060℃で5時間焼結を行い、最後に500℃で3時間時効保温を行った。
表7 単位:質量%
表8
同様にして、表9、10に示すとおり、充填密度の異なる磁石を製造した。本実施例における母合金の製造、粉砕、潤滑剤の混合等の方法は、実施例2、3と同様である。合金破砕平均粒度X50=5.0µmであり、潤滑剤は酢酸メチルであり、潤滑剤の混合量は0.15%である。また、配向磁場は直流パルス磁場、磁場強度は6T、配向時のキャビティの押圧力は2MPaである。その後、1060℃で5時間焼結を行い、最後に500℃で3時間時効保温を行った。
表9 単位:質量%
表10
2 キャビティ
3 上シリンダー
4 下シリンダー
5 配向コイル
6 段積装置
7 振動装置
8 配向平面定盤
9 押圧装置
10 不活性ガス保護倉庫
Claims (5)
- 潤滑剤が添加された合金粉末を、モールドに形成されたキャビティ内に充填させる充填工程と、
前記キャビティ内の合金粉末を押圧装置により所定の圧力で押圧した状態で配向平面定盤まで搬送する搬送工程と、
前記配向平面定盤上で、前記キャビティ内の前記合金粉末を所定の圧力下で磁界により配向させる配向工程と、
配向された前記合金粉末を前記モールドごと焼結させる焼結工程及び熱処理工程によって製造され、
前記焼結工程及び前記熱処理工程以外の工程はすべて不活性ガス雰囲気下で行うR−T−B−M−C系焼結磁石の製造方法であって、
前記RはScとYを含む希土類元素の中から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素、
前記TはFe又はCoのいずれか1種の元素、
前記Bは硼素、
前記MはTi、Ni、Nb、Al、V、Mn、Sn、Ca、Mg、Pb、Sb、Zn、Si、Zr、Cr、Cu、Ga、Mo、W及びTaの群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素、
前記Cは炭素であって、
25質量%≦R≦40質量%、
60質量%≦T≦74質量%、
0.8質量%≦B≦1.2質量%、
0質量%≦M≦2質量%、
0.03質量%≦C≦0.15質量%、の条件を満たし、かつ
前記潤滑剤は、0.05質量%〜2質量%、
前記充填工程における前記キャビティ内の合金粉末の充填密度は、2.8〜3.8g/cm 3 であり、
前記配向工程で配向する際の押圧力は、0.2〜2MPaである、
ことを特徴とするR−T−B−M−C系焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 前記潤滑剤は、ステアリン酸塩、オレイン酸、ホウ酸エステル、酢酸メチル、メチルカプリル酸の中から選ばれた一種或いは多種を混合したものである、
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載のR−T−B−M−C系焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 前記磁界は、配向用直流パルス磁界であり、その強度は3.5T以上である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のR−T−B−M−C系焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 前記合金粉末の平均粉末粒径Xは、X<8μmである、
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載のR−T−B−M−C系焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の方法によりR−T−B−M−C系焼結磁石を製造するための装置であって、
合金粉末を供給する合金粉末供給装置と、
モールドに形成され、かつ前記合金粉末供給装置の吐出し口に対応するキャビティと、
前記モールドを振動させる振動装置と、
前記振動装置によって振動させた後の前記モールドを受け取る配向平面定盤と、
前記配向平面定盤の下面に取り付けた下シリンダーと、
前記キャビティ内の合金粉末を、前記振動装置から前記配向平面定盤までの搬送時に所定の圧力で押圧する押圧装置と、
前記配向平面定盤に対応する位置に取り付けた配向コイルと、
前記配向コイル内を通過して前記押圧装置を押圧する上シリンダーと、
配向処理された前記キャビティ内の前記合金粉末を、前記押圧装置が装着された状態で、前記モールドごと収納する段積装置と、から構成され、
前記各装置は、不活性ガス雰囲気の室内に設置されている、
ことを特徴とするR−T−B−M−C系焼結磁石の製造装置。
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