JP5641474B2 - Mg2Si基化合物から成る熱電材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
Mg2Si基化合物から成る熱電材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 24
- 229910019752 Mg2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 62
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 62
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005551 mechanical alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019064 Mg-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019406 Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002665 PbTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010334 sieve classification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OCGWQDWYSQAFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenelead Chemical compound [Pb]=[Te] OCGWQDWYSQAFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明の目的は、熱電変換効率の高い新規な化合物から成る熱電材料を提供することである。
本発明の他の目的は、比較的低温での合成が可能な液相−固相反応法に着目し、製造工程の安全性の向上及び製造コストの削減を図ることができる熱電材料及びその製造方法を提供することにある。
また、本発明の他の目的は、Mg2Si基化合物にMg合金に由来するAl, Zn及びMnをドーパント元素として複合添加することで、優れた熱電性能と高温大気中での熱電性能の劣化を抑制する効果を発現できる熱電材料及びその製造方法を提供することにある。
さらに、本発明の他の目的は、ダイキャストや鋳物に使用されているMg合金の切削加工時に発生する切削屑を再利用した熱電材料及びその製造方法を提供することにある。
また、Mg合金の他、そのMg合金とは成分比の異なるMg、Al、Zn、Mnを必須構成成分とする第2のMg合金、又は、Mg粉末を、混合において、加えてもよい。この方法により、得られるMg2-x-y-zAlxZnyMnzSiのMg、Al、Zn、Mnの組成比を調整することができる。
また、加圧焼結の前に粉砕体を、ふるい分級して未反応のMg合金を除去することが望ましい。得られるMg2-x-y-zAlxZnyMnzSiの組成比を均一にすることができる。
本発明を実施するにあたり、用いる液相−固相反応法の模式図を図1に示す。この方法によって化合物合成が可能となる条件としては、2種類以上の材料において、主成分となる材料の融点が比較的低く、その他の材料の融点が高い場合で、主成分となる材料の融点以上の固液共存状態において、固液界面で拡散反応が盛んに起こることである。本発明で使用する原材料のうち、主成分となるMg合金または純Mgが低融点であり、純Siは高融点材料であり、両材料間では固液共存状態で盛んに拡散反応が起こる。そのため、Mg2Si基化合物の合成には適した方法であるといえる。また、比較的低温で短時間に合成ができるため、製造コストの低減を図ることができる。
本発明に係るMg2Si基化合物は、MgとSi、及び3種類の主要ドーパント元素Al, Zn及びMnを必須の構成元素とし、化学式Mg2-x-y-zAlxZnyMnzSiで表される。本実施例では、出発原料としてMg粉末(純度99.9%,粒径<180μm),Si粉末(純度99.9%,粒径<75μm)および、下記の表1に示す合金組成を有するAZ61Mg合金の切削片(図2)を用意する。AZ61Mg合金切削片の配合割合が、0,20,50,80,100wt%(残部がMg粉末)となるように調整したMg粉末とMg合金とのMg系混合物と、Si粉末とを原子比で2 : 1になるようにAr雰囲気下で秤量して混合する。AZ61Mg合金におけるAl, Zn及びMnの含有量をそれぞれ+Al:6wt%, Zn:1wt%, Mn:0.28wt%とすると、AZ61Mg合金の配合割合が20wt%〜100wt%の範囲でAl, Zn及びMnの添加総量は、0.798at%〜3.989at%、y/x=0.069、z/x=0.023に相当する。
また、AZ61Mg合金の配合割合が50wt%〜100wt%の範囲でAl, Zn及びMnの添加総量は、1.98at%〜3.99at%である。
また、20wt%のAZ61Mg合金と80wt%のMg粉末とを混合して、Mg2-x-y-zAlxZnyMnzSiを製造した場合には、Mg2-x-y-zAlxZnyMnzSiにおける、Al、Zn、Mnの総和の添加量は、0.70at%以上、0.97at%以下となる。したがって、20wt%〜100 wt%のAZ61Mg合金と80wt%〜0wt%のMg粉末とを混合して、Mg2-x-y-zAlxZnyMnzSiを製造した場合には、Mg2-x-y-zAlxZnyMnzSiにおける、Al、Zn、Mnの総和の添加量は、0.70at%以上、4.91at%以下となる。
得られた合成物をAr雰囲気下で粉砕し、粉砕粉末を75μm以下に分級した後、放電プラズマ焼結法により焼結温度730℃,焼結圧力60MPa,保持時間30min,真空下の条件で焼結・固化を行う。焼結時に使用するダイとパンチは黒鉛製で、ダイの内径およびパンチの直径は、20mmである。粉砕粉末を形成する環境は、Arの他、He、Ne等の不活性ガス、N2ガスを用いることができる。焼結温度は、650 〜900℃、焼結圧力は30〜100MPa、保持時間は、10min〜1hとすることができる。
図4は、純Mg粉末とAZ61Mg合金切削片の配合割合(組成比)を変化させて液相−固相反応法で合成して焼結した試料の電気抵抗率の温度依存性を表す図である。純MgのみでAZ61Mg合金を配合しない場合の電気抵抗率は測定した温度全域で、0.11〜0.16mΩ・mと高い値を示した。これに対して、AZ61Mg合金を20wt%以上配合した場合には、電気抵抗率は、測定した温度全域において、0.013〜0.032 mΩ・mと、低い値を示した。この値は、純MgのみとSiの合金の場合の電気抵抗率の値の10分の1程度と、低い値である。低い電気抵抗率は、熱電性能の向上につながる。
高温大気環境下での熱電性能の変化を調査する目的で、純Mg粉末のみでAZ61Mg合金を配合していない試料と、AZ61Mg合金切削片のみを用いた試料とを時間を変えて大気中500℃で保持した場合の熱電性能を評価する一つの指標であるパワーファクター(α2/ρ、ただしαはゼーベック係数(V/K)、ρは電気抵抗率(Ωm))の変化を調査し比較をする。それぞれの試料を所定時間大気中500℃で保持した後に電気低効率及びゼーベック係数を測定し、その2つの数値からパワーファクターを求める。その後同じ試料について再び所定時間大気中500℃で保持した後に電気抵抗率とゼーベック係数を測定する。同様な工程を何度か繰り返すことで、保持時間経過に伴うパワーファクターの変化を調査する。
Claims (5)
- Mg2Si基化合物から成る熱電材料の製造方法において、
5.5wt%以上、7.2wt%以下のAl、0.5wt%以上、1.5wt%以下のZn、0.15wt%以上、0.4wt%以下のMnを含むMg合金を50wt% 以上、100wt%以下の範囲で、Mg粉末を0wt%以上、50wt% 以下の範囲で含むMg系物質と、Si粉末とを、前記Mg系物質とSiの原子比が2 : 1になるように混合し、
液相−固相反応法を用いて、不活性ガス雰囲気下でMg合金の融点以上の温度で、液相状態のMg合金と固相状態のSiの固液共存した状態で、Mg系物質とSiとを合成反応させ、
反応の完了の後に、冷却して、化学式Mg 2-x-y-z Al x Zn y Mn z Si、ただし、x≠0、y≠0、z≠0、で表され、Al、Zn、Mnの総添加量が1.74at% 以上、4.91at% 以下の多孔質のMg2Si基化合物を作製し、
前記Mg2Si基化合物を不活性ガス雰囲気下で粉砕して粉砕体を形成し、
その後に、前記粉砕体を真空又は不活性雰囲気下で加圧焼結することを特徴とする熱電材料の製造方法。 - 前記加圧焼結されたMg 2 Si 基化合物を、加熱処理することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱電材料の製造方法。
- 前記化学式において、0.029 ≦y/x≦0.11、及び0.010 ≦z/x≦0.036 であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の熱電材料の製造方法。
- 前記混合において、前記Mg合金は、粉体、又は、切削体から成る多数の微小物体として、混合されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3の何れか1項に記載の熱電材料の製造方法。
- 前記加圧焼結の前に前記粉砕体を、ふるい分級して未反応のMg合金を除去することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4の何れか1項に記載の熱電材料の製造方法。
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