JP5411865B2 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5411865B2 JP5411865B2 JP2010525449A JP2010525449A JP5411865B2 JP 5411865 B2 JP5411865 B2 JP 5411865B2 JP 2010525449 A JP2010525449 A JP 2010525449A JP 2010525449 A JP2010525449 A JP 2010525449A JP 5411865 B2 JP5411865 B2 JP 5411865B2
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- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
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- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
- H01M8/1013—Other direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC]
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- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
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- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
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- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1027—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
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- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/103—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
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- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1032—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
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- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
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- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
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- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
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- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Description
i)膜厚を厚くする。水素燃料電池に関して、より普通の50μm膜に代えて、典型的には、170μmのナフィオンを使用する。これにより、膜の抵抗は増すが、クロスオーバー衝撃は完全にはなくならない。
ii)MEA内にメタノールのクロスオーバーを制限する層を導入する。
iii)ナフィオン型スルホン化フッ素ポリマーの代替膜を使用する。通常、これらの膜は、効果的に作動する、あるいはあまり通さないまたは膨張するためには、より高い温度(>100℃)が必要である。
iv)カソード用選択性触媒を使用する。これらは一般的に、酸素還元に関して、PtおよびPt含有触媒のような貴金属含有触媒より劣る。
・International activities in DMFC R&D:status of technologies and potential applications,R Dillon,S Sriinivasan,A S Arico,V Antonucci,J Power Sources,127,112(2004).
・M P Hogarth,T R Ralph,Platinum Metal Reviews,46,146(2002).
・A Heinzel,V M Barragan,J Power Sources,84,70(1999).
・V Neburchilov,J Martin,H Wang & J Zhang,J Power Sources,169,221(2007)
i)液体水の採集およびそれを戻すためのポンピング。
ii)または、液体水の移動を制限し、アノードへ水を戻すための圧力を提供するための膜。これは性能を落とす。
iii)または、水を蒸発させ、次いで濃縮とアノード液へ戻す。水を蒸発させるためには、熱を必要とし、電池の効率は制限される。
(式中、
XおよびYは、独立して、水素、およびハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、アミノ、プロトン化アミノ、イミノ、ニトロ、シアノ、アシル、アシルオキシ、サルフェート、スルホニル、スルフィニル、アルキルアミノ、プロトン化アルキルアミノ、四級アルキルアンモニウム、カルボキシ、カルボン酸、エステル、エーテル、アミド、スルホネート、スルホン酸、スルホンアミド、ホスホン酸、ホスホネート、ホスホン酸、ホスフェート、アルキルスルホニル、アリールスルホニル、アルコキシカルボニル、アルキルスルフィニル、アリールスルフィニル、アルキルチオ、アリールチオ、アルキル、アルコキシ、オキシエステル、オキシアミド、アリール、アリールアミノ、アリールオキシ、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロアリール、(C2−C5)アルケニル、(C2−C5)アルキニル、アジドフェニルスルホニルオキシまたは式:−CO−W−OH(ここで、Wは、アミノ酸)のアミノ酸複合体からなる官能基、および1個以上の前記官能基で置換されたアルキル、アルケニル、アリール、シクロアルキル、アルカリール、アルケンアリール、アラルキル、アラルケニル基から選択される。)
(式中、
Xは、水素、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土塁金属、アンモニウムおよびこれらの2種以上の混合物から選択され;
Zは、B、P、S、As、Si、Ge、Ni、Rh、Sn、Al、Cu、I、Br、F、Fe、Co、Cr、Zn、H2、Te、MnおよびSe、ならびにこれらの2種以上の混合物から選択され;
Mは、Mo、W、V、Nb、Ta、Mn、Fe、Co、Cr、Ni、Zn Rh、Ru、Tl、Al、Ga、Inおよび第一、第二および第三遷移金属系列およびランタニド系列から選択される他の金属、ならびにこれらの2種以上の混合物から選択される金属であり;
aは、[McOd]アニオンの荷電バランスをとるために必要なXの数であり;
bは、0〜20、より好ましくは0〜2であり;
cは、1〜40であり;および
dは、1〜180である。)
a)アルコール燃料と酸化状態の不揮発性レドックス対溶液とを含むカソード液を、プロトン交換膜の反対に隣接して位置するカソードに供給するステップであって、ここで、アルコール燃料はプロトン交換膜を横切り、アノードにアルコール燃料を供給するステップと、
b)プロトン交換膜に隣接して位置するアノードで、アルコール燃料を酸化することによって、H+イオンを形成するステップと、
c)レドックス対がカソードと接触した時これを還元し始め、同時にH+イオンが膜を通り抜け、電荷のバランスを取るステップとを含む方法が提供される。
好ましい実施形態では、カソード液は、カソード液貯蔵部から供給される。
該方法は、さらに、以下の
d)カソード液を、カソードから、触媒が再酸化される再酸化ゾーンへ通すステップを含んでもよい。
Claims (7)
- 電池のカソード領域中にカソードと、電池のアノード領域中にアノードとを含む燃料電池であって、カソードは、イオン選択性高分子電解質膜によってアノードから分離され、電池のカソード領域には、その使用中、酸化剤および液体低分子量燃料が供給され、使用中、液体低分子量燃料の少なくともいくらかは、高分子電解質膜を横切り、電池のアノード領域に液体低分子量燃料が供給され、電池は、カソードとアノードとの間に電気回路を生じさせる手段を備え、
前記電池のカソード領域は、カソードに連通する流動流体中の溶液中に不揮発性レドックス対を含み、該レドックス対は、電池の作動中、カソードで少なくとも部分的に還元され、カソードでの還元の後、酸化剤との反応によって少なくとも部分的に再生される燃料電池。 - 使用中、電池のアノード領域に水が供給される請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 液体低分子量燃料は、少なくとも1種の低分子量アルコールを含む請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池。
- 低分子量燃料は、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、ジプロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、およびこれらの2種以上の混合物から選択される請求項3に記載の燃料電池。
- 燃料電池の作動温度は、100℃未満である請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- さらに、レドックス触媒および/またはレドックス・メディエータを含む請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 電池のカソード領域には、カソード溶液を貯蔵するための貯蔵部が備えられている請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0718349.4A GB0718349D0 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2007-09-20 | Fuel cells |
GB0718349.4 | 2007-09-20 | ||
PCT/GB2008/050848 WO2009037513A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2008-09-22 | Fuel cells |
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JP2010541126A JP2010541126A (ja) | 2010-12-24 |
JP5411865B2 true JP5411865B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2010525449A Expired - Fee Related JP5411865B2 (ja) | 2007-09-20 | 2008-09-22 | 燃料電池 |
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US (1) | US8603684B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2193567A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5411865B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20100075510A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101821888B (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0816956A2 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB0718349D0 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009037513A1 (ja) |
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GB0608079D0 (en) | 2006-04-25 | 2006-05-31 | Acal Energy Ltd | Fuel cells |
GB0614337D0 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2006-08-30 | Acal Energy Ltd | Fuel Cells |
GB0614338D0 (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2006-08-30 | Acal Energy Ltd | Fuel cells |
GB0718349D0 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2007-10-31 | Acal Energy Ltd | Fuel cells |
GB0718577D0 (en) | 2007-09-24 | 2007-10-31 | Acal Energy Ltd | Fuel cells |
GB0801198D0 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2008-02-27 | Acal Energy Ltd | Fuel cells |
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GB2486719B (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2013-02-13 | Acal Energy Ltd | Fuel cells |
GB2503653A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-01-08 | Acal Energy Ltd | Redox Battery use for polyoxometallate |
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JP5850094B2 (ja) | 2014-06-24 | 2016-02-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | レドックス型燃料電池 |
CN105140552B (zh) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-11-14 | 湖南科技大学 | 一种醇/Fe(III)液流燃料电池及其制造方法 |
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CN105470530B (zh) * | 2015-12-27 | 2018-05-08 | 同济大学 | 镍(ii)-1,1’-二茂铁二羧酸配合物电催化剂的制备方法 |
KR20200041321A (ko) * | 2017-08-17 | 2020-04-21 | 더 트러스티스 오브 컬럼비아 유니버시티 인 더 시티 오브 뉴욕 | 산화환원 유동 배터리 및 배터리 응용분야를 위한 화합물 |
CN110518271A (zh) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-29 | 北京化工大学 | 一种燃料和离子介导燃料电池 |
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US8603684B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
BRPI0816956A2 (pt) | 2015-03-24 |
CN101821888A (zh) | 2010-09-01 |
CN101821888B (zh) | 2013-08-07 |
KR20100075510A (ko) | 2010-07-02 |
JP2010541126A (ja) | 2010-12-24 |
EP2193567A1 (en) | 2010-06-09 |
US20110039170A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
WO2009037513A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
GB0718349D0 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
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