JP5373396B2 - 改変された細胞シグナル活性有する改変抗原結合分子 - Google Patents
改変された細胞シグナル活性有する改変抗原結合分子 Download PDFInfo
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Description
1)当該アッセイは、抗体の抗原結合領域により認識される標的抗原を発現することが知られている標的細胞を用い;
2)当該アッセイは、効果細胞として、ランダムに選択された健常ドナーの血液から単離されたヒト末梢血液単核細胞を使用し;
3)当該アッセイは、以下のプロトコル:
i) 標準的な密度遠心法を用いてPBMCを単離され、そしてRPMI細胞培養培地中に5×106細胞/mlで懸濁し;
ii) 標的細胞を標準的組織培養法により生育させ、90%より高い生存度を有する指数増殖期から回収し、RPMI細胞培養培地中で洗浄し、100μキュリーの51Crで標識し、細胞培養培地で2回洗浄し、そして105細胞/mlの密度で細胞培養培地中に懸濁する標準組織培養法により生育させ;
iii) 100μlの最終標的細胞懸濁液を、96ウェルマイクロタイター・プレートの各ウェルに移し、
iv) 抗体を細胞培養培地中に4000ng/ml〜0.04ng/mlで連続希釈し、50μlの得られた抗体溶液を96ウェルマイクロタイタープレートの標的細胞に加え、上記全濃度範囲をカバーする様々な抗体濃度を三回試験し;
v) 最大放出(MR)対照では、標識された標的細胞を含むプレートの3個の追加のウェルは、抗体溶液(上記iv)の代わりに、非イオン性界面活性剤(Nonidet, Sigma, St. Louis)の2%(V/V)水溶液(50μl)を受容し;
vi) 自発的放出(SR)対照では、標識された標的細胞を含むプレートの3個の追加ウェルは、抗体溶液(上記iv)の代わりに50μlのRPMI細胞培養培地を受容し;
vii) 次に、96ウェルマイクロタイタープレートを50×gで1分間遠心し、そして1時間4℃でインキュベートし、
viii) 50μlのPBMC懸濁液(上記(i))は、25:1の効果細胞:標的細胞の比をもたらすように各ウェルに加えられ、そして当該プレートは、37℃で4時間、5%CO2雰囲気下のインキュベーター内に配置され;
ix) 各ウェルからの細胞を含まない懸濁液を回収し、そして実験的に放出された放射活性(ER)をγカウンターを用いて定量し;
x) 特定の可溶性の割合を式:
(ER-MR)/(MR-SR)×100
[式中、
ERは、抗体濃度について定量された平均放射活性(上記ixを参照のこと)であり、
MRは、MR対照(上記vを参照のこと)について定量された平均放射活性(上記ixを参照のこと)であり、そして
SRは、SR対照(上記viを参照のこと)について定量された平均放射活性(上記ixを参照のこと)である]
に従って各抗体濃度を計算する、
に従って行われ、
4)「高いADCC」は、上で試験された抗体濃度範囲内で観察された具体的な溶解の最大割合の増加、及び/又は上で試験された抗体濃度範囲内で観察された具体的な溶解の最大割合の半分を達成するために必要とされる抗体の濃度の低下のいずれかとして定義される。ADCCの増加は、当業者に知られている同じ標準生産、精製、剤形及び貯蔵方法を用いて宿主細胞の同じタイプにより精製されたが、GnTIIIを過発現するように操作されていない宿主細胞により産生されなかった同じ抗体により媒介される上記アッセイで計測されたADCCと比較される。
1の態様では、本発明は、改変重鎖及び/又は軽鎖のV領域及び/又はC領域を含むABMに関し、そしてこれらのABMが標的抗原の細胞シグナル活性を誘導し、及び/又は標的抗原の架橋を媒介する能力がこのような改変により増大(つまり誘導又は増加)されるか、又は低減(つまり阻害又は低下)されるということに関する。こうして、本発明は、改変された重鎖及び/又は軽鎖のV領域及び/又はC領域を有するABM、このようなポリペプチドをコードする核酸配列(例えば、ベクター)、改変重鎖及び/又は軽鎖のV領域及び/又はC領域を有するポリペプチドを精製させる方法、及び様々な疾患及び障害の治療において同じモノを使用する方法を提供する。
(1) 疎水性:メチオニン、アラニン、バリン、ロイシン、イソロイシン;
(2) 中性親水性:システイン、セリン、スレオニン
(3) 酸性:アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸;
(4) 塩基性:アスパラギン、グルタミン、ヒスチジン、リジン、アルギニン;
(5) 鎖の向きに影響を与える残基:グリシン、プロリン;及び
(6) 芳香族:トリプトファン、チロシン、フェニルアラニン。
1の態様では、本発明は、細胞シグナル活性を誘導するか及び/又は抗原の架橋を媒介するABMの能力を変化させるアミノ酸改変を有する抗原結合分子に関する。1の実施態様では、ABMの改変は、親分子に比べて重鎖又は軽鎖の可変領域の少なくとも1のフレームワーク領域において少なくとも1のアミノ酸残基の置換を含む。特定の実施態様では、置換は、重鎖FR1においてアミノ酸残基を置換する。好ましい実施態様では、ABMへの改変は、重鎖可変領域における8、9、10、11、12、又は13カバット位のうちの1以上のアミノ酸残基の置換を含む。別の実施態様では、ABMへの改変は、重鎖FR4におけるアミノ酸残基の置換を含む。具体的な実施態様では、ABMへの改変は、重鎖可変領域における110又は112カバット位のうちの1以上でアミノ酸残基の置換を含む。別の実施態様では、ABMへの改変は、V領域とC領域との間の境界で軽鎖において少なくとも1のアミノ酸残基の置換を含む。より具体的な実施態様では、ABMについての改変は、40、80、83、105、又は106カバット位の1以上でのアミノ酸残基の置換を含む。
キメラマウス/ヒト化抗体が記載されてきた。例えば、Morrison, S. L.ら、PNAS 11:6851-6854 (1984年11月);欧州特許公報第173494号;Boulianna, G. L,ら、Nature 312:642 (1984年12月); Neubeiger, M. S.ら、Nature 314:268 (1985年3月); 欧州特許公報第125023号;Tanら、J Immunol. 135:8564 (1985年11月); Sun, L. Kら、Hybridoma 5(1):517 (1986); Sahaganら、J. Immunol. 137:1066- 1074 (1986)を参照のこと。一般的に、Muron, Nature 312:597 (1984年12月); Dickson, Genetic Engineering News 5(3) (1985年3月); Marx, Science 229:455 (1985年8月);及びMorrison, Science 229:1202-1207 (1985年9月)を参照のこと。PCT国際公開番号第WO/88104936号でRobinsonらは、CD20のエピトープに特異性を有するマウス可変領域とヒト定常領域を有するキメラ抗体を記載する。Robinsonの引用文献のキメラ抗体のマウス部分は、2H7マウスモノクローナル抗体(γ2b,κ)に由来する。記載されたキメラ抗体がB細胞障害の治療用の「刺激候補」であると引用文献が示す一方、この記載は、当該示唆がこの特定の抗体について正確であるかないかを決定する示唆として当業者にみなされることはない。なぜなら、当該引用文献は、治療有効性の判定をサポートするデータを有さないからであり、そして重要なことに、霊長類又はヒトなど高等哺乳動物を用いたデータを欠くからである。
1の実施態様では、本発明のABMは、重鎖V及び/又はCH1領域及び/又は軽鎖V及び/又はC領域における1以上のアミノ酸を含む本発明のABMは、さらにヒトFc領域を含みうる。具体的な実施態様では、ヒト定常領域はIgG1であり、配列番号80及び81に記載され、そして以下に記載される:
当業者に周知である方法が、適切な転写/翻訳制御シグナルにそって親抗体と実質的に同じ結合特異性を有する改変ABMのコード配列を含む発現ベクターを構築するために使用できる。これらの方法は、in vitro組換えDNA技術、合成技術、及びin vivo組換え/遺伝子組み替えが挙げられる。例えば、Maniatisら、MOLECULAR CLONING A LABORATORY MANUAL, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, N. Y. (1989)及びAusubelら、CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Greene Publishing Associates and Wiley Interscience, N.Y (1989)を参照のこと。
別の態様では、本発明はさらに、少なくとも1のアミノ酸置換をV又はCH1領域に含む改変されたABMのグリコシル化プロファイルを改変する方法であって、本発明の改変ABMをコードする核酸及びGnTIII活性を有するポリペプチドをコードする核酸、又はこのような核酸を含むベクターを宿主細胞中で発現させることを含む、前記方法にさらに関する。好ましくは、改変されたポリペプチドは、IgG又はFc領域を含むその断片である。特に好ましい実施態様では、ABMはヒト化抗体又はその断片である。別の実施態様では、宿主細胞は、本発明のABM、GnTIII及びマンノシダーゼII(ManII)を共発現するように操作される。
本発明は、さらに本発明の改変ABM及び医薬として許容される担体を含む医薬組成物に関する。
本発明は、改変されたグリコシル化パターンを有する本発明の改変ABMの生成のための宿主細胞発現システムを提供する。具体的には、本発明は、改善された治療価値を有する本発明の改変ABMの糖型を生成するための宿主細胞システムを提供する。その結果、本発明は、選択又は操作されて、GnTIII活性を有するポリペプチドを発現する宿主細胞発現を提供する。1の実施態様では、GnTIII活性を有するポリペプチドは、異種のゴルジ内在ポリペプチドのゴルジ局在化ドメインを含む融合ポリペプチドである。具体的に、このような宿主細胞発現システムは、構成又は制御プロモーターシステムに作用可能なように結合されたGnTIIIを有するポリペプチドをコードする組換え核酸分子を含むように操作されてもよい。
本発明の改変ABMのコード配列を含み、かつ生物学的に活性な遺伝子産物を発現する宿主細胞は、少なくとも4個の一般的アプローチ:(a)DNA-DNA又はDNA-RNAハイブリダイゼーション;(b)マーカー遺伝子機能の有無;(c)宿主細胞においてそれぞれのmRNA転写物の発現により計測される転写レベルの評価;そして(d)免疫アッセイにより又は生物学的活性により計測される遺伝子産物の検出、により同定されてもよい。
好ましい実施態様では、本発明は、マウスB-Ly1抗体と実質的に同じ結合特異性を有し、そして抗体依存性細胞傷害性を含むエフェクター機能の増加を有するキメラ改変ABMの糖型を提供する。抗体のグリコシル化の操作は、以前に記載された。例えば、米国特許6,602,684号を参照のこと。当該特許はその全てを本明細書に援用される。
最も広い意味で、本発明の改変されたABMは、特に、標的抗原が細胞表面上に発現される場合に、当該標的抗原を発現する細胞をin vivo又はin vitroで標的するために使用できる。標的抗原を発現する細胞は、診断又は治療目的のために標的化されうる。1の態様では、本発明の改変ABMは、標的抗原を発現している細胞において細胞シグナル活性を変化させるために使用できる。別の実施態様では、本発明の改変ABMは、1以上の標的抗原の架橋及び/又はオリゴマー化を変化させるために使用できる。本発明の改変ABMについての標的抗原は、非限定的に、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD19、CD47、CD99、CD2、CD45、Her1(EGFR)、Her2/neu、Her3、Her4、TRAIL受容体(例えば、TRAILR1、TRAILR2)、TNFR、FGF受容体(例えば、FGFR1)、IGF受容体、PDGF受容体、VEGF受容体、及び他の細胞表面関連受容体を含む細胞表面受容体でありうる。特有の実施態様では、標的抗原はCD20である。本発明の改変ABMはまた、細胞周期を停止するように作用し、標的細胞(例えば腫瘍細胞)のアポトーシスを引き起こし、血管新生を阻害し、及び/又は標的細胞の分化を引き起こす。
標的抗原による細胞シグナル伝達の変化又は異常制御、及び/又は1以上の標的抗原の架橋及び/又はオリゴマー形成を媒介する能力の変化に関連する障害(例えば癌)についての予測バイオマーカーの発現及び/又は活性化を検出する1又は複数の試薬で治療前にヒト対象由来のサンプルをアッセイすることによって、治療を必要とするヒト対象において改変ABMを用いた治療への応答性を予測し;
1以上の予測バイオマーカーの発現及び/又は活性化のパターン決定し、ここで当該パターンが改変ABM治療へのヒト対象の応答性を予測し;そして
改変ABMでの治療に応答性であると予測されたヒト対象に、本発明の改変ABMを含む組成物の治療有効量を投与する
を含む、方法を提供する。本明細書に使用される場合、改変ABM治療に応答すると予測されるヒト対象は、改変ABMが、標的抗原による細胞シグナル伝達の変化又は異常制御、及び/又は1以上の標的抗原の架橋及び/又はオリゴマー化を媒介する能力の変化に関連する疾患又は障害について計測可能な効果(例えば、腫瘍退行/収縮)を有するヒトであり、そして改変ABM治療の治療効果が、有害な効果を下回ることがないヒトである。本明細書に使用される場合、サンプルは、1の生物、特にヒト由来の任意の生物学的サンプルについてのサンプルを意味し、1以上の細胞、例えば任意の器官、組織、又は生検サンプルであって、乳房、肺、消化管、皮膚、子宮頸部、卵巣、前立腺、腎臓、脳、頭部及び頸部などの器官から取りだされたサンプル、並びに非限定的にスメア、淡、分泌物、脳脊髄液、胆汁、血液、リンパ液、尿、及び糞便を含む他の生体サンプルを含む。
他に記載がない限り、以下の実施例において具体的なアミノ酸残基の位置の番号付けは、カバット番号付けシステムに従う。
材料と方法
組換え抗体B-Lys1のクローニング及び発現
B-Ly1発現ハイブリドーマセル(例えば、Poppema, S.ら、1987, Proceedings of the 9th Biotest Symposium, Institute of Education, London, (Sonneborn, H.H. and Tills, D.共編); Ling, N.R,ら、1987, In Leucocyte Typing Conference III: White cell differentiation antigens, 302-355, Oxford University Press, Oxford. (AJ. McMichael編.); Knapp, W. 1990. Leukocyte Typing Conference TV Proceedings, Oxford University Press, Oxfordを参照のこと)を10%FBS及び4mMのL-グルタミンを含むRPMI中で増殖させた。90%を超える生存度の6×106細胞を回収し、そしてトータルRNAを、Qiagen RNAeasymidiキットを用いて単離した。B-Ly1の可変軽鎖及び重鎖をコードするcDNAを、RT-PCRにより増幅した。RT-PCR反応を以下の条件:初回のcDNA鎖の合成について50℃で30分;初回変性について95℃で15分;94℃で1分、45℃で1分、72℃で1分を30サイクル;そして最終伸張ステップを72℃で10分行った。予期されるPCR産物のサイズを、ゲル電気泳動により確認した。PCR産物を適切な大腸菌(E.coli)ベクター中にクローニングし、そしてDNAシーケンスにより、様々な軽鎖及び重鎖コード遺伝子が単離されたということを確認した。
PNGaseF切断によりオリゴ糖を抗体から酵素的に放出させた。抗体は、PVDF膜に固定されているか又は溶液中に存在した。
PVDF(Immobilon P, Millipore, Bedford, Massachusetts)膜で作成された96ウェルプレートのウェルを、100μlのメタノールで湿らせ、そしてマルチスクリーン吸引マニフォールド(Millipore, Bedford, Massachusetts)に適用された吸引を用いて液体を、PVDF膜を通して排出した。PVDF膜を300μlの水で3回洗浄した。次にウェルを50μlのRCM緩衝液(8M尿素、360mM・Tris、3.2mM・EDTA、pH8.6)で洗浄した。30〜40μgの抗体を、10μlのRCM緩衝液を含むウェル中に充填した。ウェル中の液体を吸引を適用することにより膜を通して排出し、そして続いて膜を2回50μlのRCM緩衝液で洗浄した。ジスルフィド結合の還元を、50μlの0.1Mジチオスレイトールを含むRCMを添加することにより37℃で1時間行った。
40〜50μgの抗体を2.5mUのPNGaseF(Glyko, USA)を含む2mM・Tris、pH7.0、終体積25μlと混合し、そして混合液を37℃で3時間インキュベートした。
PNGaseにより放出されたオリゴ糖を次にエンドグリコシダーゼH(EC3.2.1.96)で切断した。エンドH切断では、15mUのエンドH(Roche, Switzerland)をPNGaseF切断産物(上記溶液方法の抗体)に加えて、最終体積30μlにし、そして混合物を37℃で3時間インキュベートした。エンドHは、N結合オリゴ糖のキトバイオースコアにおけるN-アセチルグルコサミン残基間で切断する。酵素は、オリゴマンノース及び多くのハイブリッド型グリカンのみを切断でき、一方複合型オリゴ糖は加水分解されない。
酢酸を終濃度150mMになるまで加えた後に、放出されたオリゴ糖を含む酵素切断産物を、さらに3時間室温でインキュベートし、そして次に0.6mlのカチオン交換レジン(AG50W-X8レジン、水素型、100〜200メッシュ、BioRad、Swizerland)が充填されたマイクロ-バイオ-スピンクロマトグラフィーカラム(BioRad, Switzerland)を通過させて、カチオン及びタンパク質を取り除いた。得られたサンプルの1μlをステンレス鋼製の標的プレートに適用し、そして1μlのsDHBマトリックスとプレート上で混合した。2mgの2,5-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸+0.1mgの5-メトキシサリチル酸を含む1mlのエタノール/10mM塩化ナトリウム水溶液(1:1(v/v))中に溶解することにより、sDHBマトリックスを調製した。サンプルを風乾し、0.2μlのエタノールを加え、そしてサンプルを最終的に空気の下で再結晶させた。
質量スペクトルを得るために使用されたMALDI-TOF質量分析計は、Voyager Elite(Perspective Biosystems)であった。当該装置を線形構成で操作し、20kVの加速及び80nsの遅延であった。オリゴ糖標準を用いた外部較正を、イオンの質量数決定に用いた。200のレーザーショットから得たスペクトルを合計して最終的なスペクトルを得た。
健常ドナーからえた495μlのヘパリン化血液を5mlのポリスチレンチューブに一定量に分け、5μlの100倍濃縮抗体サンプル(1〜1000ng/ml終濃度)又はPBSのみを加え、そしてチューブを37℃でインキュベートした。24時間後、50μlの血液を新たなチューブに移し、そして抗CD3-FITC、抗CD19-PE、及び抗CD45-CyChrome(Becton-Dickinson)で15分間室温で暗所において染色した。血液サンプルのCD3-FITC及びCD19-PE蛍光を、CD45-CyChromeの閾値を設定することによりフローサイトメトリーにより分析した。CD19+B細胞対CD3+T細胞の比をプロットすることにより、B細胞の消失を測定した。
200000細胞を含む180μlのFACS緩衝液(2%FCS及び5mMEDTAを含むPBS)を5mlのポリスチレンチューブに移した。次に、20μlの10倍濃縮抗-CD20抗体サンプル(1〜5000ng/ml終濃度)又はPBSのみを加え、そしてチューブを4℃で30分間インキュベートした。次に、サンプルをFACS緩衝液で2回洗浄し、そして300×gで3分間ペレット化した。上清を吸込みにより取り除き、そして細胞を100μlのFACS緩衝液に溶解させた。次に1μlの抗Fc特異的F(ab')2-FITC断片(Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories, USA)を加え、そしてチューブを4℃で30分間インキュベートした。FACS緩衝液でサンプルを2回洗浄し、そしてフローサイトメトリーによる分析用に0.5μg/mlのPIを含む500μlのFACS緩衝液に溶解した。抗体濃度に対して幾何平均蛍光をプロットすることにより結合性を測定した。
高ホモロジー・アクセプター・アプローチ
マウスB-ly1タンパク質配列をヒト生殖細胞系列の集合に整列させ、そして最も高い配列同一性を示したヒト配列を拾い上げることにより、高ホモロジー抗体アクセプター・フレームワークのサーチを行った。ここで、VBaseデータベースから得たVH1_10(位置1-e、受託番号DP-88)を重鎖フレームワークアクセプター配列として選択し、そしてIMGTデータベースから得たIGKV2-40(受託番号X59314)配列を、軽鎖についてのフレームワークアクセプターとして選択した。これら2個のアクセプターフレームワーク上に、マウス重鎖及び軽鎖可変ドメインを移植した。フレームワーク4の領域が、生殖細胞系列V遺伝子の可変領域の一部ではないので、当該位置での配列比較を個別に行った。JH4領域を重鎖について選択し、そしてJK4領域を軽鎖について選択した。設計された免疫グロブリンドメインの分子モデリングは、CDRの外側においてヒトのアミノ酸残基の代わりにマウスのアミノ酸残基を潜在的に必要とする1の点を明らかにした。ヒトフレームワーク中にマウスアミノ酸残基を再導入することは、いわゆる復帰突然変異を生成する。例えば、27カバット位におけるヒトアクセプターアミノ酸残基を、チロシン残基へと復帰突然変異した。ヒト化抗体バリアントを、復帰突然変異を含むか又は除外するように設計された。ヒト化抗体軽鎖は、任意の復帰突然変異を必要としなかった。タンパク質配列を設計した後に、本タンパク質をコードするDNA配列を以下に詳述されるように合成した。
ヒトアクセプターフレームワークの決定的なアミノ酸位(良好な抗原結合親和性又は抗体機能を維持するために決定的である)で復帰突然変異の誘導を避けるために、全フレームワーク領域1(FR1)、又はフレームワーク領域1(FR1)及び2(FR2)のいずれかが、天然のヒト生殖細胞系列の配列における重要な位置において、ドナー残基又は機能的に同等な残基をすでに有するヒト抗体配列により置き換えられうるということが調査された。この目的のため、マウスB-ly1配列のVHフレームワーク1及び2を、個別にヒト生殖細胞系列配列に整列させた。ここで、最も高い配列同一性は、アクセプターフレームワークを選択するために重要でなく、そして用いられなかったが、その代わりに幾つかの決定的な残基が適合することが、より重要であると評価された。これらの決定的残基は、24、71、及び94残基(カバット番号)を含み、そしてまた、27、28、及び30位での残基(カバット番号)を含んだ。これらの残基は、カバット位よるCDR1定義から外れているが、しばしば抗原結合性に関与した。IMGT配列IGHV3-15(受託番号X92216)を適切な配列として選択した。タンパク質配列を設計した後で、これらのタンパク質をコードするDNA配列を以下に記載される様に合成した。このアプローチを用いて、復帰突然変異は、良好なレベルの抗原結合性を保持するために、軽鎖又は重鎖のいずれかに必要とされなかった。
ヒト化抗体V領域のアミノ酸配列を設計した後に、DNA配列を作成しなければならなかった。個々のフレームワーク領域のDNA配列データを、ヒト生殖細胞系列配列のデータベースから発見した。CDR領域のDNA配列を、対応するマウスcDNAデータから取得した。これらの配列では、全DNA配列が事実上集められた。このDNA配列データを有するので、サイレントミューテーションを導入し、制限エンドヌクレアーゼについての認識部位を作成することにより、診断制限部位を実際の配列に導入した。天然のDNA鎖を得るために、遺伝子合成を行った(例えば、Wheelerら、1995)。この方法では、オリゴヌクレオチドは、目的の遺伝子から設計され、その結果一連のオリゴヌクレオチドは、コード鎖に由来し、そして他の一連のオリゴヌクレオチドは非コード鎖に由来する。各オリゴヌクレオチドの3'及び5'末端は(列における1番目と最後を除く)は、常に、反対の鎖に由来する2個のプライマーに対する相補鎖を示す。任意の熱安定性ポリメラーゼに適した反応緩衝液中にオリゴヌクレオチドを入れ、そしてMg2+、dNTP、及びDNAポリメラーゼを加えた場合、各オリゴヌクレオチドは、その3'末端から伸張される。新たに形成された、1のプライマーの3'末端は、反対側の鎖の次のプライマーにアニールし、そして、鋳型依存性DNA伸張に適した条件下で、その配列をさらに伸張させる。大腸菌中に増殖させるために最終生成物を慣用されるベクターへとクローニングした。
ヒト重鎖及び軽鎖リーダー配列(分泌用)を上記可変領域配列の上流に加え、そしてこれらは次に、標準的な分子生物学的技術を用いて、それぞれヒトIgG1κ定常重鎖及び軽鎖配列の上流に結合させた。MPSVプロモーターの制御下及び合成ポリA部位の上流で、得られた全長抗体の重鎖及び軽鎖DNA配列を哺乳動物発現ベクターにサブクローニングした(1を軽鎖及び1を重鎖)。実施例1に記載される様に各ベクターはEBV OriP配列を有する。上記実施例1に記載されるように、つまり、HEK293EBNAを哺乳動物抗体重鎖及び軽鎖発現ベクターで共トランスフェクションし、トランスフェクション後5〜7日に馴化培養培地を回収し、そしてタンパク質A親和性クロマトグラフィーを行い、続いてカチオン交換クロマトグラフィーを行い、そして最終的なサイズ排除クロマトグラフィーステップにより分泌された抗体を精製して純粋なモノマーIgG1抗体を単離した。抗体を25mMリン酸カリウム、125mM塩化ナトリウム、100mMグリシン溶液(pH6.7)中に剤形した。上記実施例1のキメラ抗体について記載される様にヒト化抗体バリアントの糖鎖操作バリアントを、GnT-IIIグリコトランスフェラーゼ発現ベクターと一緒に、又はGnT-III発現ベクター+ゴルジマンノシダーゼII発現ベクターと一緒に、抗体発現ベクターをコトランスフェクションすることにより産生される。糖鎖操作されていない抗体について上に記載されるのと同様に糖鎖操作抗体を精製し、そして剤形した。抗体のFc領域に結合されるオリゴ糖を、以下に記載される様にMALDI/TOF-MSにより分析した。
抗体のオリゴ糖を放出する方法では、40〜50μgの抗体を含む溶液を2.5mUのPNGaseF(Glyko、U.S.A.)を含む2mM・Tris、pH7.0、終体積25μl中に混合し、そして混合液を37℃で3時間インキュベートした。
放出されたオリゴ糖を含む酵素切断産物を、酢酸を最終濃度150mMまで添加した後に、放出されたオリゴ糖を含む酵素切断産物をさらに室温で3時間インキュベートし、そして次に、マイクロ-バイオ-スピンクロマトグラフィーカラム(BioRad, Switzerland)中に充填された0.6mlのカチオン交換レジン(AG50W-X8レジン、水素型、100〜200メッシュ、BioRad, Switzerland)に通過させて、カチオン及びタンパク質を取り除く。得られたサンプル1μlをステンレス鋼標的プレートに適用し、そして1μlのsDHBマトリクスとプレート上で混合した。sDHBマトリクスを2mgの2,5-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸+0.1mgの5-メトキシサリチル酸を含む1mlのエタノール/10mM塩化ナトリウム水溶液(1:1、v/v)に溶解することにより調製した。サンプルを風乾し、0.2μlのエタノールを加え、そしてサンプルを最終的に空気の下で再結晶化させた。
質量スペクトルを得るために使用されたMALDI-TOF質量分析計は、Voyager Elite(Perspective Biosystems)であった。当該装置を線形構成で操作し、20kVの加速及び80nsの遅延させた。オリゴ糖標準を用いた外部較正を、イオンの質量数決定に用いた。200のレーザーショットから得たスペクトルを合計して最終的なスペクトルを得た。
上記実施例1のキメラB-ly1抗体に記載される様に、フローサイトメトリーに基くアッセイを用いて、精製モノマーヒト化抗体バリアントを、Raji B細胞リンパ腫標的細胞上のヒトCD20への結合性について試験した。
ヒトNK細胞を新たに単離された末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)から単離し、CD16及びCD-56陽性細胞を濃縮する陰性選別(MACSシステム、Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach/Germany)を適用した。CD56発現により決定される純度は、88〜95%であった。新たに単離されたNK細胞を、カルシウム及びマグネシウムイオンを伴わないPBS中で37℃で20分間インキュベートして(3×105細胞/ml)、NK細胞に付随したIgGを取り除いた。106細胞/mlの細胞を、様々な濃度の抗-CD20抗体(0、0.1、0.3、1、3、10μg/ml)を含むPBS、0.1%BSAとインキュベートした。数回洗浄した後に、抗体の結合を、1:200FITC結合F(ab')2ヤギ抗ヒト、F(ab')2特異的IgG(Jackson Immuno Research, West Grove, PA/USA)及び抗ヒトCD56-PE(BD Biosciences, Allschwil/Switzerland)とインキュベートすることにより検出した。抗FcγRIIIA 3G8F(ab')2断片(Ancell、Bayport, MN/USA)を10μg/mlの濃度で加えて、抗体グリコバリアントの結合と競合させた(3μg/ml)。結合抗体バリアントを指す蛍光強度を、CD56陽性細胞について、FACSCalibur(BD Biosciences, Allschwil/Switzerland)で測定した。CHO細胞をFcγRIII A-Val158α鎖及びγ鎖をコードする発現ベクターで電気穿孔(280V、950μF、0.4cm)によりトランスフェクションした。形質転換体を、6μg/mlのピューロマイシンを添加することにより選別し、そして安定なクローンを、10μlのFITC結合抗FcγRIII 3G8モノクローナル抗体(BD Biosciences, Allschwill/Switzerland)を106細胞に用いてFACSにより分析した。IgG1のFcγRIII A-Val158発現CHO細胞への結合は、上に記載されるNK細胞結合と同様に行われた。
ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)を効果細胞として用い、そしてHistopaque-1077(Sigma Diagnostics Inc., St.Louis, MO63178 USA)を用い、そして製品説明書に実質的に従って製造した。簡潔に記載すると、静脈血をボランティアからヘパリン化シリンジで取った。当該血液を1:0.75〜1.3でPBS(Ca2+又はMg2+を含まない)で希釈し、Histopaque-1077に積層した。時間を空けずに勾配を400×gで30分間室温で遠心した。PBMCを含有する境界面を回収し、そしてPBS(2個の勾配から得た細胞あたり50ml)で洗浄し、そして室温で300×gで10分間遠心することにより回収した。ペレットをPBSで懸濁後、PBMCを計数し、そして200×gで10分間室温で遠心することにより二回目の洗浄を行った。次に細胞を、次なる方法に用いるのに適切な培地中に懸濁した。
((x-SR)/(MR-SR)*100
[式中、
xは、具体的な抗体濃度でVmaxの平均値であり、
SRは、自然に生じる放出のVmaxの平均値であり、そして
MRは、最大放出のVmaxの平均値である]
標的細胞を計数し、PBSで洗浄し、1mlあたり100万個の細胞を含むようにAIM-V(Invitrogen)中に懸濁した。50μlの細胞を、平底96ウェルプレートのウェル毎にプレートした。抗体希釈液をAIM-V中に調製し、そして当該細胞に50μlを加えた。室温で10分間抗体を細胞に結合させた。ヒト血清補体(Quidel)を新たに融解し、AIM-Vで3倍に希釈し、そして50μlをウェルに加えた。ラビット補体(Cedarlane Laboratories)を製造者により記載されるとおりに調製し、AIM-Vで3倍に希釈し、そして50μlをウェルに加えた。対照として、補体ソースを30分間56℃で加熱してアッセイに加えた。アッセイプレートを37℃で2時間インキュベートした。細胞の殺傷を、LDH放出を計測することにより測定した。簡潔に記載すると、プレートを300×gで3分間遠心した。1ウェルあたり50μlを新たな96ウェルプレートに移し、そして細胞傷害性キット(Roche)から得た50μlのアッセイ試薬を加えた。ELISAリーダーでの反応速度測定が、上清中のLDH濃度に対応するVmaxを測定した。当該細胞を1%TritonX-100の存在下でインキュベートすることにより最大放出を測定した。
抗CD20抗体による全血中の通常のB細胞の消失を上記実施例1に記載される様に行った。
抗体のアポトーシス効力を、一晩(16〜24時間)当該細胞(5×105細胞/mlの標的細胞濃度)を10μg/ml(抗原結合について飽和状態)の抗体とインキュベートすることによりアッセイした。サンプルをAnnV-FITCで染色し、そしてFACSにより分析した。アッセイを3回行った。
ヒト化B-ly1軽鎖(BKV1)と複合体形成した抗体バリアントB-HH1、BHH2、B-HH4のヒトCD20抗原への結合性と、親、キメラ抗体chB-ly1(上記実施例1に記載されている)のヒトCD20抗原への結合性の比較により、全ての抗体が似通ったEC50値を有するが、B-HH1コンストラクトが、B-HH2及びB-HH3バリアントに比べて低い強度/化学両論で結合することが示された(図11)。B-HH1は、その部分的なヒトCDR1及びCDR2領域(カバット定義)、並びに28位(カバット番号付け)でAla/Thrを有する点でB-HH2及びB-HH3とは区別される。このことにより、28位、完全CDR1及び/又は完全CDR2のいずれかが抗体/抗原相互作用に重要であることが示唆される。
アポトーシス活性に影響する更なる試験残基として、BHH2重鎖の6個のバリアントBHH2-A(V11L)(配列番号124)、BHH2-B(K12V)(配列番号125)、BHH2-C(A9G)(配列番号126)、BHH2-D(E10G)(配列番号127)、BHH2-E(T110I)(配列番号128)、及びBHH2-F(S112I)(配列番号129)を作成した。これらのバリアント・コンストラクトを、本明細書の上において記載された方法により標的抗原(CD20)への結合性について試験した。6個全てのバリアント・コンストラクトは、結合活性を保持した。
Claims (28)
- キメラB−Ly1抗体の重鎖可変領域と比較して、重鎖可変領域のフレームワーク領域1(FR1)において少なくとも1のアミノ酸置換を含む重鎖可変領域を含む、改変抗CD20抗体又はその抗原結合断片であって、当該FR1が、配列番号63のカバット位置8〜13におけるアミノ酸配列を含み、ここで当該改変された抗体又はその抗原結合断片が、上記キメラB−Ly1抗体がCD20と複合体形成された場合に比較して、より高いレベルのアポトーシスを誘導し、そして当該改変された抗体又はその抗原結合断片は、配列番号12の重鎖可変領域配列を含む第一単離ポリペプチド、及び配列番号134の軽鎖可変領域配列を含む第二単離ポリペプチドを含む、前記改変抗CD20抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- 前記抗体又はその抗原結合断片が、バイセクト複合体オリゴ糖の量を増加させるように糖鎖操作されたFc領域を含む、請求項1に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- 前記抗体又はその抗原結合断片が、フコース残基の量を低下させるように糖鎖操作されたFc領域を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- 前記抗体又はその抗原結合断片が、少なくとも1のエフェクター機能を増加させるか、及び/又はFc受容体結合親和性を増加させる様に改変されたN−結合オリゴ糖を有するFc領域を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- 前記抗体のFc領域のオリゴ糖の少なくとも20%が、バイセクト非フコシル化されている、請求項4に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- 前記Fc領域のオリゴ糖の少なくとも50%が、非フコシル化されている、請求項4に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- 請求項2〜6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片を発現する宿主細胞であって、当該宿主細胞が、前記重鎖及び軽鎖をコードする1又は複数のポリヌクレオチドと、前記Fc領域を糖鎖操作するために十分な量で発現されるβ(1,4)−N−アセチルグルコサミニルトランスフェラーゼIII活性を有するポリペプチドをコードする少なくとも1の核酸とを含む、前記宿主細胞。
- 前記宿主細胞が、さらにマンノシダーゼII活性を有するポリペプチドをコードする核酸をさらに発現する、請求項7に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記宿主細胞により産生される抗体が、前記糖鎖操作の結果としてFc受容体結合親和性の増加を示す、請求項7又は8に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記Fc受容体が、FcγRIIIA受容体である、請求項9に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記宿主細胞により産生される抗体が、前記糖鎖操作の結果としてエフェクター機能の増加を示す、請求項7又は8に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記エフェクター機能の増加が、Fc媒介性の細胞性細胞傷害の増加である、請求項11に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記エフェクター機能の増加が、抗体依存性細胞性細胞傷害の増加である、請求項11に記載の宿主細胞。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の第一及び第二ポリペプチドをコードする少なくとも1のトランスフェクトされたポリヌクレオチドを含み、そして前記核酸が、ヒト免疫グロブリンのFc領域に同等の領域をコードする配列を含む、請求項7又は8に記載の宿主細胞。
- 有効量で請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片、及び医薬として許容される担体を含む、B細胞消失により治療可能な疾患の治療用の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片を含むB細胞の消失により治療可能な疾患の治療用の医薬組成物。
- 前記疾患が、血液系腫瘍又は自己免疫疾患である、請求項16に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記血液系腫瘍が、B細胞リンパ腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、又はB細胞慢性リンパ球白血病である、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記自己免疫疾患が、リューマチ様関節炎又はループスである、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記血液系腫瘍が、B細胞リンパ腫である、請求項18に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体又は抗原結合断片を含む、B細胞リンパ腫の治療用の医薬組成物。
- 配列番号134の軽鎖可変領域配列をコードする配列及び配列番号12の重鎖可変領域配列をコードする配列を含む、単離ポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項22に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む発現ベクター。
- 請求項23に記載の発現ベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- 改変オリゴ糖を伴うFc領域を有し、そして増加されたエフェクター機能を有するように操作された抗CD20抗体又はその抗原結合断片を宿主細胞において産生する方法であって、当該方法が以下の:
a. 当該抗体又はその抗原結合断片をコードする1又は複数の核酸、及び当該抗体又は抗原結合断片の産生を許容し、そして当該抗体又はその抗原結合断片のFc領域錠に師恩剤するオリゴ糖の改変を許容する条件下で、β(1,4)−N−アセチルグルコサミニルトランスフェラーゼIII活性を有するポリペプチドをコードする少なくとも1の核酸を発現するように遺伝子操作された宿主細胞を培養し;そして
b. 当該抗体を単離する
を含み、ここで当該抗体が、請求項2〜6のいずれか一項に記載の改変抗体又はその抗原結合断片である、前記方法。 - 前記宿主細胞が、マンノシダーゼII活性を有するポリペプチドをコードする核酸を発現するようにさらに遺伝子操作される、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記改変オリゴ糖が、非改変オリゴ糖と比べてフコシル化が低減されている、請求項25又は26に記載の方法。
- 前記宿主細胞により産生される前記抗体又はその抗原結合断片が、当該ポリペプチドのFc領域において、バイセクトされた、非フコシル化オリゴ糖の増加した割合を有する、請求項25〜27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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