JP5185956B2 - 電力用半導体装置 - Google Patents
電力用半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5185956B2 JP5185956B2 JP2010001273A JP2010001273A JP5185956B2 JP 5185956 B2 JP5185956 B2 JP 5185956B2 JP 2010001273 A JP2010001273 A JP 2010001273A JP 2010001273 A JP2010001273 A JP 2010001273A JP 5185956 B2 JP5185956 B2 JP 5185956B2
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- semiconductor elements
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Description
図1〜図3は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる電力用半導体装置を説明するためのもの
で、図1は電力用半導体装置のうちの1本のリード部材とそのリード部材により接続される半導体素子や回路パターン部分を示す斜視図、図2は図1におけるリード部材表面上のII−II線を通るx−z平面による断面を示す図、図3は電力用半導体装置内で使用するリード部材の形状を説明するための平面図で図3(a)は基本形状を示す図、図3(b)と図3(c)は熱サイクルにともなう伸縮時の形状変化を示す図である。
本実施の形態1にかかる電力用半導体装置10を駆動させると、半導体素子3A、3Bをはじめとする電力用半導体装置10内の様々な素子に電流が流れ、その際、電気抵抗分の電力ロスが熱へと変換され、電力用半導体装置10内の温度が変動する。ここで、リード部材4によって接続された2つの半導体素子3Aと3Bに注目すると、半導体素子3Aと半導体素子3Bは、互いに離れた位置に固定されているが、例えば、本実施の形態でいえば、半導体素子3Aと3Bは、セラミックスといった線膨張係数が小さな絶縁基板1上に形成された金属材料からなる回路パターン2B上に設置されている。そのため、温度によっては、半導体素子3Aと3Bの距離(支間)と、リード部材4の接合部4j2−4j3間の長さとの関係が変化し、リード部材4の半導体素子3A(との接合部4j2)と半導体素子3B(との接合部4j3)間の橋げた部4g2には、長さ方向に平行な方向(x方向)で圧縮する力や引っ張る力がかかる。
WM>WBV≧WM/2・・・・(1)
WM>WBP≧WM/2・・・・(2)
これにより、主桁部4gMから左右に分かれたそれぞれ対称となっている部分どうしの幅を足し合わせれば(WBV×2、またはWBP×2)、元の主桁部4gMの幅以上になり、ビーム構造を形成することによる電気抵抗増は、幅方向の外側に突出することにより経路の長さが増したことだけになる。ただし、主桁部4gMの幅WMが、元々必要な電流定格に対して、必要以上に広く設定されている場合には、WBV、WBPをWMの半分未満としてもよい。いいかえれば、式(1)、式(2)におけるWMは、実際のリード部材の帯状部分の幅ではなく、設計上必要な帯状部分の幅であると考えればよい。
本実施の形態2にかかる電力用半導体素子20においては、実施の形態1にかかる電力用半導体素子で用いたリード部材4の撓み部4g2の形状に合わせて、絶縁基板1に形成した回路パターンの形状を変えたものである。他の構成については、実施の形態1と同様であるので説明を省略する。
本実施の形態3にかかる電力用半導体素子30においては、実施の形態1にかかる電力用半導体素子で説明したリード部材の撓み部の形状を変えたものである。他の構成については、実施の形態1と同様であるので説明を省略する。
図6は、本実施の形態3の変形例にかかる電力用半導体装置30Vのリード部材の撓み部の平面図である。図において、リード部材34Vの撓み部34VgBは、曲線状のアーチ部34VgBAで形成されている。このように、全体が曲線で形成されるアーチ部34VgBAによって撓み部34VgBを構成することにより、リード部材34Vの伸縮に対してアーチ部34VgBA全体が変形するので撓み部34VgBの変形が容易になり、熱応力緩和効果を高めることが出来る。
本実施の形態4にかかる電力用半導体素子においては、左右に張り出した撓み部を給電の有無とは関係なく、回路面に固定するようにしたものである。図7は本実施の形態4にかかる電力用半導体装置40のうちの1本のリード部材44とリード部材44により接続される半導体素子や回路パターン部分を示す斜視図である。図において、リード部材44の橋げた部44g2に設けた撓み部44gBの中心線CLの垂直方向(幅方向)への突出端となる端部44gBEを回路面1f内の独立した回路パターン42E、42Fに接合させている。この構造を用いることで、リード部材44の幅方向(中心線CLに垂直な方向)に突き出た撓み部44gBが支持され、リード部材44の傾きを抑制することが可能となる。
電力用半導体装置に用いられる半導体素子は通常0.5mm以下であり、はんだ接合部の厚さはそれ以下であることを考慮すると、例えば、実施の形態1で用いたリード部材4の撓み部4gBの主桁部4gMからの張り出し寸法LBV(+WBP)を大きくすると、リード部材4のわずかな傾きにより、ビーム構造先端部(4gBP)が絶縁基板1の回路面1fないし回路パターン2と接触する可能性が高まる。リフロー工程では、はんだが液状化しており、リード部材に適切な位置制御機構が組み合わされていないと、リード部材が自由に動き回る現象も見られる。したがって、リード部材が傾かないように撓み部を支持する治具が必要となる。しかしながら、ソルダーペーストを用いて接合を行う場合は、接合材料の見かけの体積(嵩)の減少が無視できない上、溶剤成分の揮発およびフラックス成分の揮発による突沸現象のため、半導体素子、リード部材が持ち上げられる作用が働き、治具による位置ずれの規制は必ずしも容易ではない。結果的に生じたリード部材の傾きは半導体素子上のはんだ厚みの不均一を招き、はんだが薄い箇所から温度サイクル負荷によるクラックが進展し易いという問題を生じていた。
本実施の形態5は、実施の形態4の変形例といえるものであり、半導体素子と回路パターン間の橋げた部に撓み部を設けるとともに、分岐した状態で回路パターンと接合したものである。図8は本実施の形態5にかかる電力用半導体装置50のうちの1本のリード部材54とリード部材54により接続される半導体素子や回路パターン部分を示す斜視図である。図において、リード部材54の橋げた部54gのうち、橋げた部54g1、54g3に撓み部54gB1、54gB3を設け、リード材54の両端部を分岐状態としたこと、および分岐状態の両端に対応して回路パターンを形成したことが実施の形態4と異なっている。残る橋げた部54g2に設けた撓み部54gB2については、実施の形態4の44gBと同様であり、その他の部分についても実施の形態4と同様である。
4 リード部材(g 橋げた部(gM 主桁部、 gB 撓み部)、j 接合部)、
10 電力用半導体装置 。
CL 2つの半導体素子との接合部(中心)を結ぶ直線、 WM 帯状部分(主桁部)の幅、 WBV 撓み部の分岐した部分の代表幅。
十位の数字の違いは、実施の形態ごとの変形例を示す。
Claims (8)
- 絶縁基板に形成された回路パターン上に取り付けられた複数の半導体素子と、
前記複数の半導体素子のうち、少なくとも2つの半導体素子の電極間を橋架するように接合された帯状のリード部材と、を備え、
前記リード部材は、前記2つの半導体素子の電極との橋げた部分において、帯状部分から当該帯状部分の幅方向の両側に分岐し、当該帯状部分の長さ方向の応力に対して当該帯状部分の面方向内で撓むように形成された撓み部を有するとともに、
前記撓み部の前記帯状部分から分岐したそれぞれは、前記面方向に平行で、前記幅方向および前記長さ方向に対して傾いた方向に延びる斜行部と、前記応力が集中するように形成された鋭角部とで構成されていることを特徴とする電力用半導体装置。 - 絶縁基板に形成された回路パターン上に取り付けられた複数の半導体素子と、
前記複数の半導体素子のうち、少なくとも2つの半導体素子の電極間を橋架するように接合された帯状のリード部材と、を備え、
前記リード部材は、前記2つの半導体素子の電極との橋げた部分において、帯状部分から当該帯状部分の幅方向の外側に突出し、当該帯状部分の長さ方向の応力に対して当該帯状部分の面方向内で撓むように形成された撓み部を有し、
前記2つの半導体素子は、前記回路パターンのうちのひとつの回路パターンに取り付けられており、
前記ひとつの回路パターンの前記2つの半導体素子間の部分には、前記撓み部の前記帯状部分からの突出に対応する突出形状を有することを特徴とする電力用半導体装置。 - 絶縁基板に形成された回路パターン上に取り付けられた複数の半導体素子と、
前記複数の半導体素子のうち、少なくとも2つの半導体素子の電極間を橋架するように接合された帯状のリード部材と、を備え、
前記リード部材は、前記2つの半導体素子の電極との橋げた部分において、帯状部分の長さ方向の応力に対して当該帯状部分の面方向内で撓むように形成された撓み部を有するとともに、
前記撓み部における当該帯状部分の幅方向の端部が、前記絶縁基板に対して固定されていることを特徴とする電力用半導体装置。 - 前記撓み部は、前記帯状部分から当該帯状部分の幅方向の両側に分岐するように形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2または3に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記撓み部は、前記2つの半導体素子の電極との接合部を結ぶ直線に対して、対称となっていることを特徴とする請求項1または4に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記撓み部における前記帯状部分から分岐した部分のそれぞれの幅は、前記帯状部分の幅よりせまく、前記帯状部分の幅の1/2以上であることを特徴とする請求項1、4、5のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記半導体素子がワイドバンドギャップ半導体材料により形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体材料は、炭化ケイ素、窒化ガリウム、およびダイヤモンドのうちのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の電力用半導体装置。
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