JP5180473B2 - 水の電気分解のための、膜電極アセンブリ - Google Patents
水の電気分解のための、膜電極アセンブリ Download PDFInfo
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Description
2H2O ⇒ O2 + 4H+ + 4e− (OER)
4H+ + 4e− ⇒ 2H2 (HER)。
(a)OERにおいてアノード側で形成された酸素により引き起こされ得る腐食に起因して、炭素ベースの材料(例えば、カーボンブラック上に担持されたPt/C触媒、または炭素繊維ベースのガス拡散層「GDL」)は、電解MEEのアノード側で使用できない。
(b)電解プロセスは、頻繁に、水素の貯蔵のための与圧を実施するために、水素側で、高圧下で実施される。現在のところ、15バールまでの圧力(例外の場合、30バールまで)に到達している。このことは、電解MEEが、従来のPEM燃料電池の作動よりも約5〜10倍高い、アノードとカソードとの間の差圧に供されることを意味している。このことは、MEEの安定性および圧力抵抗性に対する要求を増加させる。従って、比較的厚い膜材料(200μmの厚さまで)を使用することが好ましい。しかし、本願に記載される新規MEE構成の概念はまた、この圧力安定性を増加させる必要がある。
(c)水素だけではなく、酸素までもが、電解プロセスの間に解放されるので、漏電の場合には、潜在的な水素/酸素ガス爆発の危険がある。反応物質は、このような作用を避けるために、互いに厳密に分離されていなければならない。このことは、電解MEEの気密性に対する要求を増加させる。
(d)さらに、電解MEEのために、異なる触媒が使用されなければならない。イリジウムは、塩素および酸素の生成のためのプロセスに関してその固有の電解特性が知られている。従って、イリジウムは、純粋な金属(「ブラック」として)または酸化物の形態のいずれかで、適切な場合は、他の酸化物との混合物として、アノード側での酸素放出反応(OER)のための好ましい材料である。電解MEEのための適切なアノード触媒は、例えば、本出願人による独国特許出願公開第P 1 0350 563.6号に記載される。全ての貴金属の中でも、白金は、カソード側の水素放出反応(HER)に最も活性な触媒であり、電解MEEのカソード触媒として頻繁に使用されている。
4層の電解MEE(図1を参照のこと(ただし、ガス拡散層(5)なし))を製造するために、第1の工程において、片側をコーティングした膜を製造する。対応する膜(Nafion(登録商標)N117,DuPont)を、EP 1 1027 385に記載されるようなスクリーン印刷によって、その全領域にわたってアノード触媒でコーティングする。酸化イリジウム粉末(BET表面積 30約m2/g、Umicore製)を使用する。この触媒インクは、以下の組成を有する:
5層電解MEE(図2を参照のこと)の製造を、原則的には実施例1に記載したように実施する。しかし、炭素ベースでないガス拡散層(この場合は、5×5cmの寸法、厚さ0.09mmを有する多孔性の不織布構造体、Bekinit(登録商標)チタン繊維から製造される、Baekaert,Zwevegem,オランダ製)を、第4の工程(すなわち、シーリング材の塗布)を実施する前に、アノード側のアノード触媒層に直接置く。シーリング材の枠の全体の高さは、実施例1と比較すると、チタン不織布の厚みだけ増加する。
Claims (13)
- 水の電気分解のための膜電極アセンブリであって、以下
正面と裏面を有するイオン伝導性膜(1)
該正面上の第1の触媒層(2)
該正面上の第1のガス拡散層(4)
該裏面上の第2の触媒層(3)
該裏面上の第2のガス拡散層(5)
を備え、ここで、該第1のガス拡散層(4)は、該イオン伝導性膜(1)よりも小さな面積を有し、かつ、該第2のガス拡散層(5)は、該イオン伝導性膜(1)と本質的に同じ面積を有し、ここで、該イオン伝導性膜(1)が、該正面上のガス拡散層によって担持されていない遊離型膜表面(6)を有し、ここで、該ガス拡散層(4、5)の縁、およびガス拡散層によって担持されていない該イオン伝導性膜(1)の該遊離型膜表面(6)が、シーリング材(7)によって囲まれており、該シーリング材は、少なくとも1mmの深さまで該膜電極アセンブリの周辺領域に浸透する、膜電極アセンブリ。 - 前記イオン伝導性膜(1)の前記正面上の触媒層(2)、および前記裏面上の触媒層(3)が、異なる面積を有する、請求項1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記正面上の触媒層(2)および前記裏面上の触媒層(3)が、貴金属、および必要に応じてイオン伝導性材料を含有する触媒を含む、請求項1または2に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記正面上のガス拡散層(4)は、炭素ベースの材料を含み、該炭素ベースの材料は、黒鉛化もしくは炭化した、炭素繊維紙、炭素繊維不織布および/もしくは炭素繊維織物を含むのに対し、前記裏面上のガス拡散層(5)は、非炭素ベースの材料を含み、該非炭素ベースの材料は、金属織メッシュ、金属不織布、ガーゼ、金属ステープル繊維、金属マルチフィラメントおよび/または焼結チタンプレートを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記イオン伝導性膜は、10〜200μmの厚みを有し、スルホン酸基を有するテトラフルオロエチレン−フルオロビニルエーテルコポリマー、ドープ処理したポリベンゾイミダゾール、ドープ処理したスルホン化ポリエーテルケトン、ドープ処理したスルフィン化アリールケトンおよびドープ処理したスルホン化アリールケトンからなる群から選択される有機ポリマーを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記イオン伝導膜は、10〜200μmの厚みを有し、複合膜、強化膜、セラミック膜および多層膜からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記正面上の前記第1の触媒層(2)は、水素放出のためのものであり、前記裏面上の前記第2の触媒層(3)は、アノード性酸素放出のためのものである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記裏面上の前記第2の触媒層(3)は、イリジウムまたは酸化イリジウムを含む、請求項7に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記シーリング材(7)が、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、PVDF、EPDM、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリウレタン、シリコーンゴム、フルオロシリコーンエラストマーからなる群から選択される熱可塑性ポリマー、ならびに/または、エポキシドおよびシアノアクリレートからなる群から選択される熱硬化性ポリマーを含有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の膜電極アセンブリを製造するためのプロセスであって、以下:
(a)イオノマー膜(1)の片側を触媒でコーティングする工程;
(b)炭素ベースのガス拡散層(4)の片側を触媒でコーティングする工程;
(c)該炭素ベースの、触媒でコーティングしたガス拡散層(4)を、該イオノマー膜(1)のコーティングしていない側と合わせ、該触媒層(2)が該イオノマー膜(1)と接触するようにする、工程;
(d)該イオノマー膜の該裏面に非炭素ベースのガス拡散層(5)を適用し、該イオノマー膜(1)上の該触媒層(3)が、該ガス拡散層(5)と接触するようにする、工程;
(e)該膜電極アセンブリの周辺領域にシーリング材(7)を適用する工程
を包含する、プロセス。 - 前記イオノマー膜(1)のコーティングしていない側へと、前記炭素ベースの触媒でコーティングしたガス拡散層(4)を合わせる工程が、高温および/または高圧で実施され、ここで、該高温が150℃であり、そして該高圧が150N/cm 2 である、請求項10に記載のプロセス。
- 前記シーリング材(7)を適用する工程が、溶融プロセスおよび/または加圧成形によって達成される、請求項10または11に記載のプロセス。
- 電解装置、再生式燃料電池、または酸素生成電極における、請求項1に記載の膜電極アセンブリの使用。
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- 2004-07-14 CN CNA2004800264521A patent/CN1853300A/zh active Pending
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- 2004-07-14 US US10/564,798 patent/US7993499B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102338424B (zh) * | 2010-07-28 | 2014-04-16 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 一种立式空调器 |
TWI740670B (zh) * | 2020-10-05 | 2021-09-21 | 元智大學 | 高壓水電解系統 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DK1654776T3 (da) | 2014-01-06 |
US20120012457A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
CN1853301A (zh) | 2006-10-25 |
CN1853300A (zh) | 2006-10-25 |
US7993499B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
ATE481754T1 (de) | 2010-10-15 |
DK1652258T3 (da) | 2010-11-22 |
JP2009514144A (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
DE502004011665D1 (de) | 2010-10-28 |
US20050014056A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
JP2009513820A (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
US20080067061A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
US8343321B2 (en) | 2013-01-01 |
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