JP5112289B2 - ウエハーボンディングの方法 - Google Patents
ウエハーボンディングの方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5112289B2 JP5112289B2 JP2008501454A JP2008501454A JP5112289B2 JP 5112289 B2 JP5112289 B2 JP 5112289B2 JP 2008501454 A JP2008501454 A JP 2008501454A JP 2008501454 A JP2008501454 A JP 2008501454A JP 5112289 B2 JP5112289 B2 JP 5112289B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- JRFKUVDHIAAEOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+] Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+] JRFKUVDHIAAEOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 13
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrofluoric acid Substances F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 5
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910008284 Si—F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GYQWAOSGJGFWAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane tetrafluorosilane Chemical compound N.[Si](F)(F)(F)F GYQWAOSGJGFWAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical group [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 Al 2 O 3 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000980 Aluminium gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000904014 Pappus Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AJROUILWTHWZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F-].[NH4+].[Si] Chemical compound [F-].[NH4+].[Si] AJROUILWTHWZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIVGXUNKSAJJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[P] Chemical compound [Si].[P] HIVGXUNKSAJJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- LPLMZAJYUPAYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazanium;difluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[F-].[F-] LPLMZAJYUPAYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005621 ferroelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVGCUCJTUSOZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen trifluoride Chemical compound FN(F)F GVGCUCJTUSOZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001907 polarising light microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02296—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer
- H01L21/02318—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer post-treatment
- H01L21/02356—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer post-treatment treatment to change the morphology of the insulating layer, e.g. transformation of an amorphous layer into a crystalline layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
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- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
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- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/26—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, elements provided for in two or more of the groups H01L29/16, H01L29/18, H01L29/20, H01L29/22, H01L29/24, e.g. alloys
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- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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- H01L29/511—Insulating materials associated therewith with a compositional variation, e.g. multilayer structures
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/16—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
- Insulated Gate Type Field-Effect Transistor (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
- Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)
- Bipolar Transistors (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
Description
本発明は、隠微結晶、特にフッ化ケイ素アンモニウム(ASiF)に関する。本物質は最新技術のウエハーから得られ、一般式(NH 4 ) 2 XF 6 (式中、X = Si, Ge, またはC)を有する‘ア
ンモニウムX-フルオライド’と呼ばれている)。
フッ化ケイ素アンモニウム(ASiF)物質は、フッ化アンモニウムNH4FとSiとをシリコンウエハー表面上で反応させた時にシリコンウエハー上に生成する、ということが示されている[M.Niwano, K.Kurita, Y.Takeda and N.Miyamoto, Applied Physics Letters 62, 1003
(1993)]。
アンモニウムX-フルオライド隠微結晶の誘電率を大規模に調整することができ、隠微結晶を絶縁体として使用することができる、という事実は報告されていない。
誘電率を有する酸化物を得ることができる。しかしながら、それらは、耐久性に関して大きな欠点を有する。
る。最新の低k誘電体は、酸化物とポリマーからなる。隠微結晶は有望な解決策となりうる。したがって、隣接した電気回路間のクロストークを防止することによって、高性能のICを実現することができる。
国特許第5,900,668号]。これらのアプローチにおいては、SiO2がインターレベル誘電体およびインターメタル誘電体として使用されている。米国特許第5,470,802号、第5,494,858号、第5,504,042号、および第5,523,615号は、エアギャップを使用することによって容量を低下させることのできる可能性に関するものである。しかしながら、これらの方法では、エアギャップを形成させるために、刺激の強い化学薬品を使用しなければならない。隠微結晶の技術は、エアギャップを形成させるための、より簡単で損傷のない、低コストの解決策を提供することができる。
ができる。したがって、隠微結晶によって強誘電性や光学的発光等の他の特性がもたらされる可能性がある。
発明の製品は、潜在的な集積回路ウエハーから作られ、2.00より小さい誘電率を有するからである。この値は、ITRSにより2007年以降に対して予測される値より小さい。
図1 隠微結晶製造装置は、テフロン(登録商標)で作られていて、液体収容チャンバ
ーと隠微結晶調製サンプル曝露用オリフィス、サンプルホルダー、蒸気排出チャンネル及びヒーターからなる。
図2 ウエハーが設置されるサンプルホルダーの概略図。
図3 上記の装置を使用して成長させた隠微結晶層の表面画像(偏光光学顕微鏡により撮影)。
図4 走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を使用して倍率3000にて撮影した、隠微結晶層の断面の顕微鏡写真。図3と比較して、隠微結晶構造の詳細がより良好に見える。この隠微結晶層の
厚さは21μmである。
図5 SEMを使用して倍率7500にて撮影した、隠微結晶とウエハーとの界面。表面の品質とウエハーからの隠微結晶の誘導が明確に示されている。界面は比較的滑らかであり、隠微結晶層がウエハーにしっかりと付着している。
図6 X線回折分析により、層が(NH4)2SiF6であって、結晶が空間群Fm3mを有する正48面体等軸晶系に属していることがわかる[W.L.Robert, G.R.Rapp and T.J.Cambell, Enc. of Minerals, 第2版, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990]。
図7 アニーリング後のASiF表面において起こる変化および誘電体構造物の挙動が示されている。アニーリング時に表面は保護されていないけれども、200℃後の表面にまだ一部がくっついている。さらに、種々の寸法のバルク結晶が表面上に形成されている。
図8 ウエハー表面上に選択的に書き込みを行って、フォトリソグラフィを使用せずにリソグラフ構造物を形成させることができる。この図面は、隠微結晶法を使用した選択的書き込みの結果を示している。
図9 隠微結晶の他の重要な特徴は、マイクロワイヤとナノワイヤに変換させることができるという点である。図面に示すように、数ナノメートルから最大で1000nmまでの範囲の寸法を有するストレートなワイヤを形成させることが可能である。この方法を使用すると、最大で100nmの長さを有するストレートワイヤを製造することができる。
図10 (NH4)2SiF6グルーピングの振動モードの存在を介してのFTIR分析によってX線回折分析の結果が確認された。この分析から、480cm-1、725cm-1、1433cm-1、および3327cm-1において観察される振動モードがN-H結合およびSi-F結合に帰属する、ということがわかる。
図12 この図面は、ベース-コレクターとソース-コレクターとの間のキャパシタンスを、隠微結晶法を使用してどのように減少させることができるか、を示している。
図13 乱数を生成させるための隠微結晶チップ(crypto chip)。隠微結晶層がウインドウを形成していて、レーザーキャビティまたはLEDキャビティの直前に配置されている。
図14 隠微結晶層を通してのレーザー散乱、および隠微結晶チップを使用した物理的な一方向性関数の生成。
1.ウエハーまたは基板
2.ガス排出チャンネル
3.テフロン(登録商標)容器
4.蒸気チャンバー
5.化学薬品混合物
6.温度計
7.pHメーター
8.テフロン(登録商標)ブロック
9.液体抜き取り弁
10.窒素フラッシング弁
11.プロセスチャンバーオリフィス
12.ASiF隠微結晶
13.ウエハーと隠微結晶との界面
14.(111)主要な回折ピーク
15.ASiF単結晶
16.Si上に選択的に形成される隠微結晶ドット
17.ASiFマイクロワイヤとASiFナノワイヤ
18.N-H振動モード
19.Si-O振動モード
20.Si-F振動モード
21.変角モード(deformation mode)
22.トランジスタゲート金属
23.トランジスタソース金属
24.ソース
25.ドレイン金属
26.ドレイン
27.ゲート酸化物層(SiO2)
28.HBTコレクター
29.隠微結晶HBTソース領域
30.隠微結晶HBTドレイン領域
31.ヘテロバイポーラトランジスタ(HBT)ベース領域
32.VECSEL活性領域
33.保護層
34.絶縁体
35.上部のブラッグ反射器
36.下部のブラッグ反射器
37.隠微結晶透明ウインドウ
38.隠微結晶を通してのHe-Neレーザー散乱
使用して、我々は、フッ化水素酸(HF)と硝酸(HNO3)の蒸気をウエハー表面上で反応させることによって隠微結晶層を成長させた。白色の粒状カラー(white granular color)を有する隠微結晶層が、1μm/時の成長速度にてウエハー上に合成された。
きること; iii)層が均一であること; iv)厚さを調節できること; v)エッチングプロセス
において拡散バリヤーを形成できること; vi)他の従来の手法と比較してコスト効率が良
いこと; およびvii)隠微晶質の特性を有すること; である。
a) テフロン(登録商標)成長チャンバーの準備と超音波洗浄プロセス;
b) 25〜50%のフッ化水素酸(HF)と55〜75%の硝酸(HNO 3 )をHF:HNO 3 =(4〜10):(1〜8)の比で含有する化学薬品混合物を調製する;
c) 化学薬品混合物を窒素でフラッシングし、化学薬品混合物を一片のウエハーに10秒間プライミングする;
d) 処理しようとするウエハーでオリフィスを完全に閉じる;
e) 排出チャンネルを介して、反応生成物をチャンバーから確実に抜き取る;
f) pHと温度を調節する;
g) ウエハー上でのHF化学種とHNO3化学種との間のケイ素媒介カップリング反応によって、下記の式にしたがって隠微結晶層が形成される;
X+6HF+2HNO3→(NH4)2XF6+3O2
上記式中、XはSi、Ge、またはCであってよい;
h) ウエハーを、1μmの速度にて隠微結晶層に変換させる;
i) 隠微結晶層をアニールして、強度と密度を増大させることができる;
j) 窒素雰囲気下にて50℃以上で、隠微結晶をナノ構造物に、特に、マイクロワイヤおよびナノワイヤに変換させる。
1. 抵抗率が5〜10オームcm;
2. p型、ホウ素がドーピングされている、(100)および(111)配向したSi;
3. n型、リンがドーピングされている、(100)および(111)配向したSi;
4. ケイ素SiO2/Si上のケイ素自然酸化物(熱酸化による酸化物);
5. ケイ素上の化学量論Si3N4(Si/Si3N4);
6. Si1-xGex、x<0.3(Si上Si1-xGex)。
表1: ASiFの隠微結晶において観察される回折ピークをまとめたX線回折データ。表中のteta、d、およびI/I1は、それぞれ回折角、面間距離、および正規化された回折強度である。
隠微結晶は、ウエハー上にドット(16)として選択的に実現することができる。
数ナノメートルから最大で1マイクロメートルまでの範囲の寸法および最大で50μmの長さを有するナノナイヤ(17)が得られた。さらに、種々のナノメートル構造物(特にナノブランチ)が得られた。
ong)であり、Sは強い(Strong)であり、Mは中程度(Medium)であり、Wは弱い(Weak)であり、VWは極めて弱い(Very Weak)である。
こすという特性は、速やかな書き込みという用途を可能にする。さらに、ASiF隠微結晶のユニットセル寸法が8.5 nmであると、Tb/cm2のオーダーの情報記憶密度が可能となる。隠微結晶技術によってもたらされるこの分野における新規な点は、i)フォトリソグラフィーを利用せずに超小型電子ウエハー上に書き込みができること; ii)Tb/cm2の範囲にて高密
度情報記憶を提供すること; およびiii)高速の消去と書き換えができること; である。
において[A.C.Tpper, H.D.Foreman, A.Garnache, K.G.Wilcox, S.H.Hoogland, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 37, R75 (2004)]、活性領域(32)及び隠微結晶ウインドウ(37)を形成する上側のブラッグ反射器(35)の真上で使用される。したがって、レーザー又はLEDを発光する表面は、透明なウインドウに変換されている。このときASiFはキャップ層(33)によって保護しなければならない。このようなレーザー/LEDチップを使用することで、物理的な一方向性関数を得ることができる。ASiF(38)からのHe-Neレーザーの散乱から、実施可能であることがわかる。散乱は、ランダム構造が存在することを示している。このことは、情報セキュリティにおける安全キーを生成させる上で隠微結晶を使用することができる、ということを実証している。この方法は、よりコスト効率が良く、CMOS用途と比較して[A.Fort, F.Cortigiani, S.Rocchi and V.Vignoli, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal
Processing 34, 97 (2003)]、および受動素子を使用する他の光学的用途と比較して[R.Pappu, B.Recht, J.Taylor and N.Gershenfeld, Science 297, 2026 (2002)]、ICにより良好に集積することができる。
Claims (3)
- ウエハーボンディングの方法であって、
a) HF、HNO 3 及びH 2 Oの化学薬品混合物を用意する工程;
b) Si、Ge及びCの少なくとも1つから構成されるウエハーの1つの表面を、ウエハーの温度を10〜50℃に調整しながら、HF、HNO 3 及びH 2 Oの蒸気に曝して、ウエハー上に式(NH 4 ) 2 XF 6 (式中、X = Si、GeまたはC)で表されるアンモニウムヘキサフルオライドを形成する工程;
c) 工程(b)で得られた2つのウエハーを、工程(b)において前記フルオライド形成法が施された各々の表面の側を向き合わせて、一組のウエハーを形成する工程;
d) 二つのウエハーをボンディングするために前記一組のウエハーをプレスする工程;
を含む方法。 - 50〜150℃の温度で二つのウエハーをアニーリングしながら前記プレスする工程が行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- アニーリングが、熱による加熱、赤外線照射及び紫外線照射の少なくとも1つによって達成される、請求項2に記載の方法。
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US20130009128A1 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2013-01-10 | Gilberto Ribeiro | Nanoscale switching device |
CN102184873B (zh) * | 2011-04-21 | 2012-10-10 | 北京科技大学 | 一种快速制备金刚石-碳化硅电子封装材料的方法 |
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US11605668B2 (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2023-03-14 | Intel Corporation | Pixel architectures for low power micro light-emitting diode displays |
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